Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mořský výzkum“

This thesis is dealing with creation of computation model of energy harvestors. Harvestors based on translational motion and planar motion were modeled. These models were created in MSC Adams. Proposed harvestors are tranforming mechanical vibrations into electrical energy by electromagnetical induction. To achieve better electrical output, harvestors were tuned to natural frequency suitable for chosen aplication. First proposed harvestor is meant for railway track. For validation of its usability in intended application, model of railway track section is also proposed. Force generated by passing train is used for excitation of the track model. Second harvestor is nonlinear electromechanical oscilator proposed for use on unanchored sea buoy (drifter). After retuning previously proposed concept of energy harvestor to natural frequency 1.6 Hz, computation model for simulation purposes was created. After the simulation of sinusoidal excitation, the excitation based on real sea data was simulated. When excited by regular sea, the peak electric power 9 W was achieved. When excited by irregular sea the peak electrical power of the generator was 7.5 mW.

As water resources are rapidly being exhausted, more and more interest is focused on the desalination of sea water and brackish water. Increasing amounts of fresh water will be required in the future due to the rise in population rates, increasing living standards and the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities. The thesis is concentrated on current issues of treatment of sea water, mainly the desalination based on the distillation principle, in order to develop a unit for seawater treatment. The aim is to develop a compact modular unit for seawater desalinate on based on the implementation and evaluation of experimental tests on the experimental unit. The solution includes an overview of systems for treatment of seawater, a discussion of structural and material aspects of the units, design and manufacture of the experimental unit and confrontation the calculated values with the results of experimental measurements.

The main objective of this master thesis is Northern Sea Route and its potential economic feasibility in maritime transportation between Europe and Asia. Theoretical part of the study begins by definition of maritime container transportation and then it continues by description of discovery of the Northern Sea Route, its geographical and weather conditions. The empirical part is concentrating on the Russian legislation adjusting using of Northern Sea Route, infrastructure and ports in arctic waters and the services of Russian icebreaker fleet that operates in arctic waters. Last part of the thesis is the case study, where is calculated the price of transport of one TEU between Asia and Europe via Northern Sea Route and the costs of this transport are compared with the costs of transport via Suez canal.

Seagrasses are the only group of submerged plants that are permanently growing in marine environment. They play an important role in the sea bottom ecosystem. Seagrasses are primary producers capable of accumulation and deposition of carbon. They influence water flow at the sea bottom and form symbioses with variety of organisms. Our knowledge of symbiotic interactions of seagrasses is still limited even though several studies of the topic have been carried out in recent years. Unlike most of terrestrial plants, seagrasses are generally considered as plants that do not form any specific associations with mycorrhizal or endophytic fungi. Surprisingly, we have discovered a novel fungal endophytic association in roots of Mediterranean endemic seagrass species Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Morphology of this symbiotic fungi strongly resembles common symbiotic fungi of terrestrial plants, dark septate endophytes (DSE). We sampled roots of P. oceanica in large area of the Mediterranean from southeastern Spain to Albania and described range and taxonomical classification of the endophyte using microscopy, in vitro cultivation and molecular determination. Roots of P. oceanica in whole area of study are colonized by mere two endophytic fungal species. Over 90 % of the fungal symbionts belong to a single...

In recent years several factors changed the importance of the Arctic in international relations. Firstly, the rapid melting of Arctic ice cover opened potential access to vast natural resources within the Arctic Ocean seabed. It is estimated that the Arctic may contain one quarter of world's undiscovered reserves of oil and gas. Secondly, the water ways along the Russian and Canadian northern coasts became ice-free, although so far just for few days every year. Should the Arctic Ocean continue to melt, then in several decades the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage could become navigable for greater part of the year. This would shorten the journey distance from Europe to Asia by as much as forty percent, thereby cutting travel times and shipping costs. Finally, as the Arctic does not belong to any single country, there has been an increasing interest among the Arctic rim states, which have been working on delineating their maritime boundaries in order to ensure their territorial claims. This process has proceeded in accordance with the international legal framework as established by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Coastal states are entitled to a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around their coastline. However, should they be able to prove...

Plant roots host a wide spectrum of endophytic fungi ranging from parasites through neutralistic fungi to mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi. In most of terrestrial ecosystems, these groups of symbiotic fungi are well documented. However, much less is known about fungal endophytes of aquatic plants, especially the only group of submerged marine plants, seagrasses. We focused on roots of the seagrass species Posidonia oceanica which is a Mediterranean endemite. Its roots hosted an abundant presence of endophytic fungi. We examined the roots using optical and electron microscopy in order to study its morphology. We isolated the mycobionts and determined their taxonomic classification. A specific symbiosis of P. oceanica roots and dark coloured septate fungus has been recorded all over a vast area of the Mediterranean spreading from southern Spain to south Turkey. The fungus forms distinctive and typical structures: superficial hyphae occasionally forming hyphal sheaths or dense hyphal nets, intraradical hyphae colonizing extracellular space and, occasionally, primary cortex cells, and finally intracellular microsclerotia. The colonization pattern of the fungi resembles dark septate endophytes (DSE), group of fungi commonly found in roots of both terrestrial and freshwater plants. In our following studies, we...