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1
Filho, João R. Martins, und Daniel Zirker. „The Brazilian Military Under Cardoso: Overcoming the Identity Crisis“. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 42, Nr. 3 (2000): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166441.
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In Brazil, an era of military confusion and dissatisfaction that followed the end of the Cold War has largely dissipated since the mid-1990s. Despite scarce federal resources under current economic policies, the Cardoso government has managed to eliminate the most immediate budgetary causes of military unrest. Military authoritarian influence remains, moreover, in areas such as Amazônia. The military’s own efforts, the president’s moral and economic support, and the legislature’s traditional apathy toward relevant issues have fostered a new form of military influence in the Brazilian democracy.
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Larmer, Miles. „Nation-Making at the Border: Zambian Diplomacy in the Democratic Republic of Congo“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, Nr. 1 (28.12.2018): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751800052x.
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AbstractHow and where were new African nations made at the moment of decolonization? Focusing on the periphery rather than the center provides an insightful answer to this question: imposing national identity in border regions with mixed and mobile populations, dynamic migrant flows, and cross-border linkages was a task fraught with contradiction. This article explores the establishment of Zambian political and diplomatic space in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the activities of Zambian political and diplomatic representatives in the southern Congolese city of Elisabethville in the early-to-mid 1960s. It does not assess how effective these officials were in imposing a sense of Zambian national identity, but rather what their efforts reveal about the ideas and values that informed state elites’ assertions of national identity and their relationship to history, local identities, and moral codes regarding, among other things, customary authority and gendered behavior. The article argues that nation-making in newly independent states involved the assertion of not only state sovereignty over territorial space but also symbolic power, the right to classify, and the moral and political notions that underlay ostensibly bureaucratic, disinterested state structures. Analysis of the attempts of Zambia's first diplomatic representatives to establish and assert their notion of Zambian-ness reveals the fragility of new national identities and the extent to which elites sought to underpin these identities by the assertion of moral certainties.
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Blake, Stanley S. „The Medicalization of Nordestinos: Public Health and Regional Identity in Northeastern Brazil, 1889-1930“. Americas 60, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2003): 217–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2003.0096.
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In his 1927 annual report to the Pernambucan state legislature, Governor Estacio de Albuquerque Coimbra wrote that “the economic, intellectual, moral and civic value of the Nation and the State is shaped, with the expression of human activity, in the excellence of physical and moral robustness of its population.” He believed that government was responsible for improving the condition of its citizens, and that “man, healthy or sick, … ought to fall under the knowing gaze of the Governments, preserving or restoring him to health, to benefit the Nation.” Under Coimbra's administrations, the Pernambucan government inaugurated public health, public assistance, and education programs designed to improve the material and physical well-being of Pernambucan citizens. This was not an easy task; regional economic underdevelopment and perennial budget crises threatened government-sponsored social programs. While public health programs could be implemented and administered with relative ease in the state's capital of Recife, transportation problems and low population density made the extension of such services to the residents of the state's interior almost impossible. Despite these obstacles, public health programs and the physical well-being of the state's populations had become the single most important concern of the Pernambucan government by the mid 1920s, and the expectation of future economic development and social progress was tied to the development of effective public health programs.
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Collins, Marcus. „The fall of the English gentleman: the national character in decline, c.1918–1970“. Historical Research 75, Nr. 187 (01.02.2002): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00142.
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Abstract The figure of the gentleman and his allied qualities of amateurism, sportsmanship and self-control dominated public discussions of Englishness in the half century after the Great War. From 1918 to the mid nineteen-fifties, gentlemanliness enjoyed strong, although by no means unanimous, support among commentators on national character. Subsequently, however, the reputation of the gentleman suffered irreparable damage at the hands of a post-war generation seeking scapegoats for the country's perceived economic, geopolitical and moral decline. This article seeks to explain when and why gentlemanliness lost its reputation as the exemplar of Englishness, and the consequent effects on national culture and identity.
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Matich, Olga. „Vasilii Aksenov and the Literature of Convergence: Ostrov Krym as Self-Criticism“. Slavic Review 47, Nr. 4 (1988): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498185.
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As the archetypal young prose writer of the 1960s, Vasilii Aksenov represented the hopes of the Khrushchev generation for the good life and for cultural and political liberalization. Rebelling against the ideological puritanism of socialist realism and the moral imperative of Russian literature, Aksenov’s writing reflected the pleasure principle, hedonism, unofficial popular culture, and the aesthetics of consumption. He perceived life as a multicolored, multinational carnival, which became the backdrop of his heroes’ adolescent identity crises and later problems of mid-life and aging. In response to Stalinism, war, and Soviet ideological bombast, Aksenov and his generation created a literature with a clearly western orientation; experimental, playful, and linguistically subversive, it was optimistic, but not in the socialist realist sense.
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Fowler, Marsha D. „Heritage ethics“. Nursing Ethics 23, Nr. 1 (23.11.2015): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015608071.
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The key to understanding the moral identity of modern nursing and the distinctiveness of nursing ethics resides in a deeper examination of the extensive nursing ethics literature and history from the late 1800s to the mid 1960s, that is, prior to the “bioethics revolution”. There is a distinctive nursing ethics, but one that falls outside both biomedical and bioethics and is larger than either. Were, there a greater corpus of research on nursing’s heritage ethics it would decidedly recondition the entire argument about a distinctive nursing ethics. It would also provide a thicker account of nursing ethics than has been afforded thus far. Such research is dependent upon identifying, locating, accessing and, more importantly, sharing these resources. A number of important heritage ethics sources are identified so that researchers might better locate them. In addition, a bibliography of heritage ethics textbooks and a transcript of the earliest known journal article on nursing ethics in the US are provided.
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WAHEED, SARAH. „Women of ‘Ill Repute’: Ethics and Urdu literature in colonial India“. Modern Asian Studies 48, Nr. 4 (23.04.2014): 986–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000048.
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AbstractThe courtesan, the embodiment of both threat and allure, was a central figure in the moral discourses of the Muslim ‘respectable’ classes of colonial North India. Since women are seen as the bearers of culture, tradition, the honour of the family, community, and nation, control over women's sexuality becomes a central feature in the process of forming identity and community. As a public woman, the courtesan became the target of severe moral regulation from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. The way in which the courtesan was invoked within aesthetic, ethical, and legal domains shifted over time, and by the third decade of the twentieth century, there appeared a new way of speaking and writing about the ‘fallen woman’ within the Urdu public sphere. A social critique emerged which heralded the prostitute-courtesan as an ethical figure struggling against an unjust social order. Since the courtesan symbolized both elite Mughal court culture as well as its decay, she was a convenient foil for some nationalists to challenge the dominant idioms of nationalist and communitarian politics. Moreover, certain late medieval and early modern Indo-Persian ethical concepts were redeployed by twentieth century writers for ‘progressive’ ends. This illustrated a turn to progressive cultural politics that was simultaneously anti-colonial and anti-communitarian, while maintaining a critical posture towards the dominant idioms of Indian nationalism.
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Hamon, Max. „Contesting Civilization: Louis Riel’s Defence of Culture at the Collège de Montréal“. Canadian Historical Review 102, s1 (Juni 2021): s285—s308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-102-s1-021.
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A newly discovered manuscript of a debate between two college students sheds new light on Louis Riel’s experience in Montreal. By the time the young Métis left Montreal, he was an accomplished public speaker with a sophisticated understanding of Canadian society and culture. This article argues that Riel’s education was not isolating and frustrating but, rather, encouraged him to engage with public issues and moral reform. It demonstrates that Riel, in responding to the debate sparked by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, could engage meaningfully with Western theories of civilization. This debate is examined in the light of mid-nineteenth-century elite Catholic education, missionary and colonial thought, the nature of the civilizing mission, and Riel’s theories of political sovereignty. Tracing Riel’s unique intellectual genealogy provides insight into the diverse and dynamic ways Indigenous people experienced colonialism. Finally, it offers a critique of the “colonial archive,” particularly when it comes to Indigenous identities. Ultimately, Riel was a successful student who could act as an exemplar of “Western civilization” while confidently maintaining his own identity as an Indigenous person.
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Wichrowska, Elżbieta. „Stanisław August i jego rycerska szkoła“. Poradnik Językowy, Nr. 1/2022(790) (10.09.2021): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.1.14.
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The School of Chivalry is one of the most signifi cant modernisation projects carried out in the mid-1760s by Stanisław August and his collaborators shortly after he ascended to the Polish throne. It was an educational project implemented a few years before the establishment of the Commission of National Education, the fi rst educational authority in Poland and in Europe, the function of which corresponded to the present ministry of public, secular education. For the initiative of a modern school to be successful, it needed a well-qualifi ed personnel, including the management staff (a high number of them were foreigners), an appropriately structured educational programme (initially based on Western models), and textbooks. What played a forming role in the case of the Corps of Cadets was an complex ritual supported by the following texts: catechism books, dialogues, forms, which should be treated as mnemotechnical tools, but also as ones building the identity of a graduate from the School, which was intended to be a breeding ground for the military and administrative elite of the state. Its description cannot ignore the moral layer that escaped the educational programmes and the cadets’ everyday life, which was not devoid of duels and embarrassing diseases.
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Yuet, Keung Lo. „Conversion to Chastity: A Buddhist Catalyst in Early Imperial China“. NAN NÜ 10, Nr. 1 (2008): 22–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138768008x273700.
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AbstractThis paper traces the history of the notion of female chastity (zhen) in China from pre-Qin to the mid-imperial era and argues that, prior to the arrival of Buddhism in China, the idea of female “chastity” was concerned not so much with physical virginity as the dutiful fulfillment of wifely obligations as stipulated by the Confucian marriage rites. A woman's chastity was determined by her moral rectitude rather than by her biological condition. The understanding of the physical body as a sacrosanct entity that must be defended against defilement and violation emerged under the influence of Buddhist notions of the uncontaminated body, the pious observance of the Buddhist monastic code, and the performance of religious charity that became popular in early imperial China. Based on a critical analysis of a wide array of Confucian canonical texts, dynastic histories, Indian Buddhist scriptures, biographies of Chinese monks and nuns, the monastic code, and Chinese Buddhist encyclopedias, this paper delineates the gradual process by which the Buddhist concept of the “pure body” became fully assimilated into the indigenous Chinese notion of female “rectitude” and the notion of female chastity finally acquired an ontological identity around the end of the sixth century.
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Tsui, Jean. „From erotic desire to egalitarian romantic passion“. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 64, Nr. 5-6 (31.12.2018): 865–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00061.tsu.
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Abstract Informed by the sociological theory of “Conventionalization” developed by Frederick Bartlett, the article examines transformations the expression “love” brought to the indigenous Chinese socio-moral-emotive paradigm during the early twentieth century. It focuses on examining usages and semantic connotations of “愛”, a loose Chinese equivalence of love, in Yínbiān yànyǔ 吟邊燕語 (Chanting the Swallows’ Talks), a translation by Lín Shū 林紓 (1852–1924) of Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare published in 1904, a time that witnessed a vast number of translation projects as well as the transformative impacts they brought to China. By illustrating how “ai” in Lin’s translation has departed radically from its traditional usages as depicted in the mid-Qing novel The Story of the Stone (紅樓夢 Hónglóu mèng) and become a close equivalence of the western notion of love, the article shows that the Chinese’s emotional experiences during the early modern period may in all likelihood be different from those of the West, but the two seem to have become increasing comparable. When we seek to understand modern Chinese emotional experience, apart from asking how it is ethnically, socially, culturally, historically different, it might be equally important to ask in what ways the West has made it different from before, and how it has managed to retain its unique identity during a time of radical transformation.
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Jääts, Indrek, und Svetlana Karm. „Aleksei Petersoni roll vepslaste ja udmurtide rahvuslikus taassünnis (1980.–1990. aastad)“. Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat 63, Nr. 1 (21.12.2021): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33302/ermar-2020-003.
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Estonian ethnographers have always taken a keen interest in Finno-Ugric peoples, their linguistic kin. The golden age of Finno-Ugric studies in Estonian ethnography began in the 1960s and lasted until the early 1990s. The State Ethnographic Museum of the Estonian SSR in Tartu (the current Estonian National Museum) emerged as the center of Finno-Ugric research with its long-term director Aleksei Peterson at the helm of the enterprise. Estonian ethnographers visited almost all Finno-Ugric peoples, with the major focus given to the Veps in the 1960s and 1970s, and to the Udmurts, in the 1980s. The museum acquired an awe-inspiring number of ethnographic objects, descriptions, photographs, drawings and films. Did all this benefit the peoples visited? What was the relationship of Estonian ethnographers with the subjects of their research? Did their plight affect Estonian scholars? The Estonian ethnographers had a high regard for the ethnic particularities, languages and traditional folk cultures of the kindred peoples and resisted their disappearance. Their views contradicted the Soviet nationalities policy which until the mid-1980s, emphasized the convergence and assimilation of nations. The interaction between the Estonian ethnographers and the Veps and Udmurts during the long series of expeditions helped to stimulate the suppressed and weak ethnic self-esteem of the latter. The mid-1980s marked the beginning of the era of Gorbachev’s glasnost and perestroika. As a result, national issues could be discussed openly, and it was at that time that the national revival of the Veps and Udmurts began. Estonian ethnologists embraced the process and actively contributed to it. This is especially true of Peterson, who was quite well known in Vepsia and Udmurtia and had a certain authority there. In his speeches at various events and in the press, Peterson encouraged the use of Veps and Udmurt in public life, including the schools. He emphasized the need to place a greater emphasis on traditional folk culture, which he considered to be critical to the national identity of small nations. His ideas influenced the creation of the open-air museum of the Udmurts. He supported the territorial autonomy of the Veps. He could speak as a messenger of perestroika whose word had weight. Thus Veps and Udmurt activists and nationally-minded ordinary people received inspiration and moral support from Peterson (and other Estonian ethnographers) for the preservation of their mother tongue, national identity and cultural heritage.
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Jorgensen, Alice. „‘It shames me to say it’: Ælfric and the concept and vocabulary of shame“. Anglo-Saxon England 41 (Dezember 2012): 249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675112000117.
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AbstractAn investigation of Ælfric's shame-vocabulary allows us to divide his shame concept into three areas: being (a)shamed, active shaming, and the shameful. The prototypical scenario of shame is humiliation or exposure before others. However, Ælfric asks his audience to imagine this kind of public, worldly shame in relation to failures to live up to Christian ideals; he thus encourages the ethicization and psychologization of shame. In addition, readers are invited to read to find Christian moral symbolism in narratives of shaming, while the emotive label of ‘shameful’ cues rejection and disgust towards what is wrong and pagan. Ælfric's appeals to shame promote self-scrutiny and the performance of a Christian identity. With respect to Anglo-Saxon shame in general, Ælfric offers a case-study in the flexibility of shame and its importance as a mode of knowing and performing the self.Ne sceamige nanum menn þæt he anum lareowe his gyltas cyðe · forðan þe se þe nele his synna on ðissere worulde andettan mid soðre behreowsunge · him sceal sceamian ætforan gode ælmihtigum · and ætforan his engla weorodum · and ætforan eallum mannum · and ætforan eallum deoflum æt ðam micclan dome · þær we eall gegaderode beoð · Þær beoð cuðe ure ealra dæda eallum þam werodum · and seðe ne mæg for sceame his gyltas anum menn ge-andettan · him sceal þonne sceamian · ætforan heofonwarum · and eorð-warum · and hel-warum · and seo sceamu him bið endeleas.
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Baker, Christopher. „“Perform'd in this wide gap of time”: A Stage History of The Winter's Tale“. Ben Jonson Journal 27, Nr. 1 (Mai 2020): 24–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2020.0270.
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The stage history of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale reflects changing critical perceptions about its themes as well as an evolution of theatrical production over a span of four centuries. First noted in astrologer Simon Forman's record of a performance on May 15, 1611, the play was popular with court audiences but disappeared from the stage when the theatres were closed at mid-century. It reappeared in a truncated performance on January 15, 1741. Nine months later David Garrick offered his abbreviated text—essentially a maudlin, three-act pastoral diversion—to popular appeal but critical censure. In 1802, John Philip Kemble's production presented a fuller, though Bowdlerized, text, featuring the great Sarah Siddons as Hermione. Hermione's role increasingly reflected the Victorian image of the selfless spouse who maintains her moral fiber under duress. During Charles Kean's directorship at the Princess's Theatre starting in 1850, the play acquired more lavish sets and scenery intended to reflect the historical context of the action, but the text sank under the weight of such ponderous efforts at realism. With the arrival of Harley Granville Barker's 1912 production at the Savoy Theatre, the play was returned to a more Elizabethan identity; a smaller, less cluttered stage permitted a faster-paced production with greater attention paid to Leontes as a psychologically fragile husband and monarch. This emphasis on the play as a study of the troubled marriage of a troubled king has persisted into the twentieth century as directors such as Jane Howell and Gregory Doran have lent this romance a convincing emotional depth.
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Lanchava, Alexander. „CONCERNING THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE FORMATION OF CATHOLIC CONSERVATISM IN THE USA“. Political Expertise: POLITEX 19, Nr. 3 (2023): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.303.
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The article deals with the analysis of the main aspects of universities’ influence on the foundation and modern development of the ideology of Catholic conservatism in the US. Introductory part defines two basic strategies of defining and constructing Catholic education’s identity: countercultural and adaptive. The former implies a strict student’s upbringing according to the norms of Catholic morality, the latter - acquisition of skills that allow to assume leading positions in country’s politics and economics. It is stated that their genesis and development were caused by the unique political and cultural circumstances of the USA, in particular, the church-state separation and hostile protestant culture. The first section offers the classification of modern Catholic universities based on the degree of their integration in secular culture and global economic. Five models are proposed: pluralist, dialogical, conservative, formational and exclusivist. The section demonstrates how universities’ institutional structures represent the main currents of the modern Catholic conservatism. The second section argues that the differences between modern Catholic conservative critique of the secular universities and its mid-twentieth century version point to the fundamental transformation of the ideology of Catholic conservatism itself. The main difference consist in a realization of a connection between moral and economic aspects of university, which manifested itself in the populist critique of the meritocratic principle in higher education. This ideological shift allows to explain the reason for growing dissatisfaction of conservative voters and politicians with a government funding of institutions of higher education which are being perceived as hostile and dysfunctional.
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Parrish, Timothy L., und Elizabeth A. Spiller. „A Flute Made of Human Bone: Blood Meridian and the Survivors of American History“. Prospects 23 (Oktober 1998): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006426.
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Seventy years after its publication, librarians at the New York Public Library catalogued Moby Dick with other books that explored the finer points of whaling. In making this bibliographic classification, librarians at this most American exemplar of that most American institution, the public lending library, read Melville's novel not as a great national epic but as an instance of the particular, the regional, the ethnic, the vocational. Given that American readers (not to mention critics of American literature) continue to be more interested in the particular than the epic, it is not surprising that Melville's successor, Cormac Mc-Carthy's epic Blood Meridian (1985), has failed to attract the critical attention it deserves. Writing resolutely against the contemporary grain, McCarthy treats American history and identity as if it were a continuous whole. Although revisionist, McCarthy's version of American history offers little comfort to those who would rewrite American history from the point of view of the peoples who were obliterated so that American history might fulfill its Destiny. Where a typical revisionist history might read Manifest Destiny as a story about Europeans and European values destroying local lands and cultures, McCarthy insists that this kind of history is fragmentary because it depends on a denial of the fact that we only arrive at such critical positions of moral superiority because we are the survivors and successors to this Destiny. His novel examines the burgeoning American empire of the mid-19th century not to indulge in the compensatory pleasures of self-accusation but to remind us of how particularizing versions of history necessarily deny how we have become to be who we are.
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Mazalán, Peter, und Katarína Morávková. „Fine art as an integral part of architecture: Political and social aspects of the formation of this synthesis in the 20th century“. Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 28, Nr. 4 (01.12.2023): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2023-0022.
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Abstract The theme of the connection of visual arts with architecture, or the cooperation of visual artists with architects in post-war Europe, basically follows two lines: a theoretical line and a political-institutional line. Just as knowledge of the history of art and the history of architecture is necessary in the analysis of this period, knowledge of the political-economic circumstances is necessary in the field of realisations in architecture, because by definition, this public art is a political affair and is not an independent creation. Art in architecture was promoted not only in communist countries (for ideological reasons), but also in Western Europe as an aesthetic cultivation of contemporary architecture. From the mid-1950s onwards, visual art in architectural space appeared more and more frequently, which led to the adoption of legislative measures that regulated and supported this practice. A gradual transformation in the understanding of the task can be observed over the period under review, or the position of public art, presented as part of architecture or public space. This is naturally due to social development. If at the beginning of the 1950s it was a mission to convey ideology and indoctrinate it, in the next stage the focus shifts more towards design with the task of cultivating the environment and creating a certain atmosphere. The study also peripherally explores forms of arts support in the context of other European countries. The idea of integration between art and architecture dates back to the very origins of both disciplines. During the avant-garde movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, it acquired a new meaning and social purpose and became one of the most defining characteristics of modernism. Modernism arose from the expectation of moral and material reconstruction of the world devastated by war, which served as a tool to strengthen collective identity and, consequently, to forge the bond between the city and its inhabitants. Our study traces the development and contexts of the relationship and funding of visual arts in architecture in the Slovak and European context in the 20th century.
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Dumitran, Ana. „The Context of the First Romanian Translations Revisited“. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Historica 26, Nr. 1 (15.12.2022): 125–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/auash.2022.26.1.5.
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The division of the territory inhabited by Romanians into at least three large regions, each subject to different influences if not fundamentally different, represents a reality that would have led to several independent initiatives to translate the Scriptures and other texts of moral instruction into Romanian. However intense the cultural and material exchanges in the Middle Ages may have been, they did not always act in a coherent manner, making it impossible for a single group of scholars to have been responsible for such a complex dissemination of translations as the oldest preserved copies of the Psalter. I believe that each Romanian province tried, in its own way, to respond to this difficult task that arose in the Romanian landscape in the mid-fifteenth century as a result of the disputes around the restoration of Christian unity. At least four threads resulted from the merging, from which, in the sixteenth century, Romanian literature emerged. A first source passed through the western part of present-day Romania, meaning the Banat of Severin, Crișana and northwestern Transylvania, where the confrontations between Catholicism and Orthodoxy had taken place much earlier, contact with the West was more intense, and there was a stronger need to assert identity given that, especially following the Ottoman occupation of southern Danube, the Orthodox group in medieval Hungary was increasing due to Serbian colonisation. A second source existed in Maramureș, where coexistence with the Ruthenians and the reverberations of the culture emanating from the University of Prague increased the variety of models, as illustrated by Ioan-Florin Florescu in the exegesis he dedicated to the sources of the Tetraevanghelium printed at Sibiu between 1551-1553, and in Nagy Levente’s synthesis on the relationship between Romanians and the Protestant Reformation. The third source appeared in Moldavia, where, after a period of hesitation between the Catholic offer from Poland and that brought by Hussite refugees from Hungary and Bohemia, the vision of the anti-unionist Metropolitan Teoctist I was imposed. As a result of his close collaboration with the voivode Stephen the Great, his relations with the Orthodox circles of Athos and Kyiv, and his correct understanding of Moldavian realities (which were deeply affected by wars for the throne but also, to a large degree, religious wars), Teoctist was best able to bring together Slavic sources of very good quality, praiseworthy acculturation initiatives and the resources of the scriptoria of Moldavian monasteries. The fourth source developed in the interior of Transylvania, in Banat, more precisely in Lugoj-Caransebeș and Hunedoara, being the domain of the Romanian Reformed Episcopate founded in 1566. At its initiative, several editions were compiled from previous translations, and the literary repertory was enriched with its own contributions whose utility went beyond the limits between which other sources operated, including books for worship and not only those for reading. Its inheritance fell to the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Alba Iulia, which resumed the effort to translate and print in the mid-seventeenth century, bringing it into line with the most advanced standards reached at the time in publishing of holy books.
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Septianto, Felix, und Bambang Soegianto. „Being moral and doing good to others“. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35, Nr. 2 (03.04.2017): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-06-2016-0093.
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Purpose Although previous research has established that moral emotion, moral judgment, and moral identity influence consumer intention to engage in prosocial behavior (e.g. donating, volunteering) under some circumstances, these factors, in reality, can concurrently influence judgment process. Therefore, it is important to get a more nuanced understanding of how the combinations of each factor can lead to a high intention to engage in prosocial behavior. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This research employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore different configurations of moral emotion, judgment, and identity that lead to a high consumer intention to engage in prosocial behavior. Findings Findings indicate four configurations of moral emotion, moral judgment, and moral identity that lead to a high intention to engage in prosocial behavior. Research limitations/implications This research focuses on the case of a hospital in Indonesia; thus, it is important not to overgeneralize the findings. Nonetheless, from a methodological standpoint, opportunity emerges to broaden the examinations in other service and cultural contexts. Practical implications The findings of this research can help the hospital to develop effective combinations of advertising and marketing strategies to promote prosocial behavior among its customers. Originality/value This paper provides the first empirical evidence on the existence of multiple pathways of moral emotion, judgment, and identity that lead to a high consumer intention to engage in prosocial behavior. The implications of this research also highlight the importance of cultural context in understanding consumer behavior.
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PREBILIČ, VLADIMIR, und JELENA JUVAN. „(NE)OBSTOJ SLOVENSkE VOJAŠkE IDENTITETE“. PROFESIONALIZACIJA SLOVENSKE VOJSKE / PROFESSIONALIZATION OF THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES, VOLUME 2012/ ISSUE 14/1 (30.05.2012): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.14.1.4.
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Kodeks vojaške etike Slovenske vojske (SV) med drugim določa: »pripadniki Slovenske vojske pri opravljanju vojaške službe /…/ spoštujejo slovensko vojaško zgodovinsko tradicijo in skrbijo za ohranjanje nacionalnega vojaškega zgodovinske- ga spomina« (Kodeks, 2009). Pri tem se nedvomno vprašamo, kaj sploh je slovenska vojaška zgodovinska tradicija, ki jo morajo pripadniki SV spoštovati, in kakšen je omenjen vojaški zgodovinski spomin. Časovna opredelitev zgodovinskega spomina je pri tem nujna. Do kod v preteklosti seže slovenski vojaški zgodovinski spomin? Kateri so dejavniki, ki so pomembno vplivali nanj in so posledično opredelili slovensko vojaško tradicijo? Kaj predstavlja slovensko vojaško tradicijo? Ali med dejavnike njenega oblikovanja prištevamo zgolj zmagovite dogodke ali vse vojaške izkušnje, tudi tiste, manj uspešne? Z drugimi besedami – katere so vrednote, ki določajo vojaško tradicijo nekega naroda? Na ta vprašanja bi morala imeti Slovenska vojska pripravljene skrajno jasne odgovore, ki bi omogočali tudi njeno jasno vizijo in bi pomembno vplivali na raven samopodobe slovenskih oboroženih sil ter na njen položaj v slovenski družbi. Žal pa se zdi, da je to področje v veliki zadregi, ki se kaže že v izhodišču – kdo pravzaprav lahko opredeli slovensko vojaško tradicijo in kako se bo ta utrjevala v prihodnje. The Military Code of Ethics of the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) states that: » members of the Slovenian Armed Forces /. / – have to respect Slovenian military tradition and promote the preservation of national military history memory« (Code, 2009). This certainly raises a question of how the military history tradition of the SAF is defined and what can be understood as a military history memory. In this respect, time perspective should be considered. How far back does Slovenian military history memory go? Which facts have importantly influenced it and, consequently, defined Slovenian military tradition? What is understood as Slovenian military tradition? Have only victories shaped military tradition, or was it also other military experi- ences, even the less successful ones? What are core values which define a nation's military tradition? The SAF should have very clear answers to these questions. Unambiguous answers would significantly influence the self-image of the SAF and its position in the Slovenian society. Unfortunately, there seems to be a great quandary in the very core of this issue – who is actually responsible for defining Slovenian military tradition and how it can be nurtured in the future.
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Helmers, Andrew, Karen Dryden Palmer und Rebecca A. Greenberg. „Moral distress: Developing strategies from experience“. Nursing Ethics 27, Nr. 4 (02.04.2020): 1147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020906593.
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Background Moral distress was first described by Jameton in 1984, and has been defined as distress experienced by an individual when they are unable to carry out what they believe to be the right course of action because of real or perceived constraints on that action. This complex phenomenon has been studied extensively among healthcare providers, and intensive care professionals in particular report high levels of moral distress. This distress has been associated with provider burnout and associated consequences such as job attrition, with potential impacts on patient and family care. There is a paucity of literature exploring how middle and late career healthcare providers experience and cope with moral distress. Objectives We explore the experience of moral distress and the strategies and resources invoked to mitigate that distress in mid- and late-career healthcare providers practicing in paediatric intensive care, in order to identify ways in which the work environment can build a culture of moral resilience. Research design An exploratory, qualitative quality improvement project utilizing focus group and semi-structured interviews with pediatric intensive care front-line providers. Participants Mid-and-later career (10 + years in practice) pediatric intensive care front line providers in a tertiary pediatric hospital. Research context This work focuses on paediatric intensive care providers in a single critical care unit, in order to explore the site-specific perspectives of health care providers in that context with respect to moral distress coping strategies. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the Quality Management Office at the institution; consent was obtained from participants, and no identifying data was included in this project. Findings Participants endorsed perspective-building and described strategies for positive adaptation including; active, reflective and structured supports. Participants articulated interest in enhanced and accessible formal supports. Discussion Findings in this study resonate with the current literature in healthcare provider moral distress, and exposed ways in which the work environment could support a culture of moral resilience. Avenues are described for the management and mitigation of moral distress in this setting. Conclusion This exploratory work lays the groundwork for interventions that facilitate personal growth and meaning in the midst of moral crises in critical care practice.
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Oliphant, Allyson, und Andrea Nadine Frolic. „Becoming a medical assistance in dying (MAiD) provider: an exploration of the conditions that produce conscientious participation“. Journal of Medical Ethics 47, Nr. 1 (05.05.2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105758.
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The availability of willing providers of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in Canada has been an issue since a Canadian Supreme Court decision and the subsequent passing of federal legislation, Bill C14, decriminalised MAiD in 2016. Following this legislation, Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) in Ontario, Canada, created a team to support access to MAiD for patients. This research used a qualitative, mixed methods approach to data collection, obtaining the narratives of providers and supporters of MAiD practice at HHS. This study occurred at the outset of MAiD practice in 2016, and 1 year later, once MAiD practice was established. Our study reveals that professional identity and values, personal identity and values, experience with death and dying, and organisation context are the most significant contributors to conscientious participation for MAiD providers and supporters. The stories of study participants were used to create a model that provides a framework for values clarification around MAiD practice, and can be used to explore beliefs and reasoning around participation in MAiD across the moral spectrum. This research addresses a significant gap in the literature by advancing our understanding of factors that influence participation in taboo clinical practices. It may be applied practically to help promote reflective practice regarding complex and controversial areas of medicine, to improve interprofessional engagement in MAiD practice and promote the conditions necessary to support moral diversity in our institutions.
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FEDRAN, JASNA. „OSNOVNI ETIČNI POJMI – POSKUS PREGLEDA SODOBNEGA (NE)ETIČNEGA RAVNANJA“. CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2012/ ISSUE 14/4 (30.10.2012): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.14.4.1.
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Članek obravnava zapleteno problematiko, ki se nanaša na področje družbe, morale, etike, prava in vrednotnega sistema in je kot taka nadvse pomembna v življenju vseh posameznikov v družbi, neodvisno od tega, v katerem okolju ti delujejo. Članek med drugim podaja celovit pregled med vsemi do zdaj zapisanimi pravili, bodisi gre za prva sprejeta obča oziroma družbena pravila bodisi moralna, etična ali pravna pravila, pri čemer sta ob bok navedenemu postavljena še pomen in vloga vrednotne podstati. Članek povzema bistvene opredelitve teoretičnih znanstvenih spoznanj, ki temeljijo na dejstvu, da so pojmi oziroma gradniki družbe, kot so morala, etika, pravo in vrednote, vrline oziroma kreposti posameznikov med seboj še kako zelo povezani in soodvisni, kakor tudi, da v času, v katerem živimo, predstavljajo nujni pogoj za dobro, dostojno in uravnoteženo življenje subjektov, če ne že kar rešitev za izhod iz krize. Na podlagi izbranih metod, navedenih v nadaljevanju članka, so bili med drugim ugotovljeni tudi vzroki oziroma razlogi za krizo, v kateri smo danes. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da sta ravno odsotnost oziroma daljši proces (zaveden in nezaveden) odsti- ranja morale in etike s področij našega dosedanjega mišljenja, vedenja in delovanja ter neupoštevanje vrednot (vrednotna kriza) vzrok oziroma razlog za gospodarsko in socialno krizo, v kateri smo v resnici že dlje časa. The article discusses complex issues relating to the sphere of society, morality, ethics, law and value system, and is as such very important in the lifes of all individuals involved, regardless of the environment in which they operate. Inter alia, the paper provides a comprehensive review of all rules written so far, be it the first adopted general or social rules, or moral, ethical or legal rules, along with the importance and role of value foundation. This article summarizes the main definitions of theoretic and scientific findings. These are based on the fact that terms or elements of society, such as morality, ethics, law and values or virtues of individuals are strongly connected and interdependent, and on the fact that, in the time we live in, they represent a prerequisite for a good, decent and balanced living, if not a solution to the crisis, which we are dealing with. The methods, described in the article, served to identify the causes and reasons for the crisis, which we are facing today. It has been found that the disregard of values (value crisis) and the absence of or a long-term process (conscious and unconscio- us) of withdrawing morality and ethics from the areas of our thinking, behavior and actions so far, constituted the main reasons and causes for the economic and social crisis which has really been present for a while.
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Brady, William J., M. J. Crockett und Jay J. Van Bavel. „The MAD Model of Moral Contagion: The Role of Motivation, Attention, and Design in the Spread of Moralized Content Online“. Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, Nr. 4 (08.06.2020): 978–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691620917336.
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With more than 3 billion users, online social networks represent an important venue for moral and political discourse and have been used to organize political revolutions, influence elections, and raise awareness of social issues. These examples rely on a common process to be effective: the ability to engage users and spread moralized content through online networks. Here, we review evidence that expressions of moral emotion play an important role in the spread of moralized content (a phenomenon we call moral contagion). Next, we propose a psychological model called the motivation, attention, and design (MAD) model to explain moral contagion. The MAD model posits that people have group-identity-based motivations to share moral-emotional content, that such content is especially likely to capture our attention, and that the design of social-media platforms amplifies our natural motivational and cognitive tendencies to spread such content. We review each component of the model (as well as interactions between components) and raise several novel, testable hypotheses that can spark progress on the scientific investigation of civic engagement and activism, political polarization, propaganda and disinformation, and other moralized behaviors in the digital age.
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Elul, Ronel, und Piero Gottardi. „Bankruptcy: Is It Enough to Forgive or Must We Also Forget?“ American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, Nr. 4 (01.11.2015): 294–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20130139.
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In many countries, lenders are restricted in their access to information about borrowers' past defaults. We study this provision in a model of repeated borrowing and lending with moral hazard and adverse selection. We analyze its effects on borrowers' incentives and credit access, and identify conditions under which it is welfare improving. Our model's predictions are consistent with the evidence on the impact of these credit bureau regulations on borrowers' and lenders' behavior as well as on credit provision. We also show that “forgetting” must be the outcome of a regulatory intervention. (JEL D14, D82, G33, K35, L26)
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Wang, Dong Li, Tong Li und Chun Yu Wang. „Modal Analysis of a Simple Supported Beam Steel Bridge Based on ANSYS“. Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2867.
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The purpose and significance of bridge health monitoring is described in this paper. In order to study bridge health monitoring, Firstly, a finite element model for simply supported steel beam is set up on the basis of the Infinite Element Theory and the software ANSYS in response to laboratory experient. Through adding instantaneous excitation to the mid-span, do modal analysis for different injury of steel bridge model to reveal the natural frequency and mode shapes of the different injury of steel bridges, identify the different injury by comparing the index value and the rate of change.
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Vasileva, Zlata. „Conditions and evaluation of the effectiveness of spiritual and moral development of students of educational organizations of the MIA of Russia“. Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, Nr. 1 (24.03.2022): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-1-183-191.
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The relevance of the research is based on the need to increase the prestige of humanitarian knowledge, which is important for ideological, personal growth and the formation of a comprehensively educated person. The article demonstrates the value of the interpersonal connections in solving the indicated problem. From the point of spiritual and moral growth the interpersonal relationships allow to exchange values and mindsets between the future professionals. In the course of communication teachers and students exchange their values. Mere academic knowledge is not enough: in order to learn, to solve arising conflicts students need choice criterions, and precisely here, in search for reasons, lies the spiritual growth. The exploration of the values, spiritual and moral context of the humanitarian studies by improving teaching methods, involving interactive technologies, involving real life situations of moral conflict, choice is of great importance. The article presents the results of a study that highlights the conditions for the effectiveness of the spiritual and moral growth of students in the process of mastering the humanitarian subjects. The analysis helped author to identify four criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the spiritual and moral development of students in the process of mastering the humanitarian subjects. These include personal, cognitive, motivational-value, activity approach criteria. The study is based on the comparative analysis and mathematical processing of data using two methods: a questionnaire for identifying self-esteem «Spiritual and moral development of personality» and a projective method «Unfinished sentences» applied at the final stage of the research.
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Love, Rachel E. „A Fragmented Transformation: Giovanni Pirelli’s War Writings, 1940–1944“. Modern Italy 21, Nr. 3 (August 2016): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2016.31.
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In this paper, I examine the unpublished First World War diaries of Giovanni Pirelli – heir to the helm of the Pirelli tyre company – for their account of how the war and fall of Fascism may have catalysed his dissociation from his family, his class, and his ideological foundation. In the post-war period, Pirelli traced the source of his rejection of his inheritance to his experiences during the Russian retreat, but in the moment, the expression of this kind of transformation is fragmentary and complex. Scholars often look to war diaries and letters for their testimony to the state of the individual in combat. Through close reading, I trace how Pirelli’s writings negotiate his immense privilege and his attempt to construct a moral identity in the midst of war. I consider how they demonstrate his break with his wartime ideals and Fascism and how they anticipate his later transition from industrial heir to socialist activist. My examination of these diaries reveals the ambiguities inherent in this transformation of Fascist and bourgeois subjectivity.
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Ratnika, Lasma, Liga Gaile und Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin. „Impact of Groundwater Level Change on Natural Frequencies of RC Buildings“. Buildings 11, Nr. 7 (22.06.2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070265.
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Structural health monitoring (SHM) provides an opportunity to assess and predict changes in the technical condition of structures during the operation of a building. Structural damage, as well as several operational and environmental conditions, causes changes in modal parameters. Temperature is the most popular environmental condition which is used for research. However, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first investigation that highlights the effect of groundwater level change on the natural frequencies of the buildings and the impact of possible damage detection features. Groundwater level change can influence structural health monitoring measurements and cause faulty structural damage identification using vibration-based methods. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the groundwater level changes on the modal parameters of mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The modal parameters of mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings are determined using finite element (FE) models. Three different FE models of structural system types of nine-storey reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with shallow foundations are used to determine the impact of groundwater level fluctuation on the values of the buildings’ natural frequencies. Changes in the groundwater level have an impact on the natural frequencies of the mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings. This research proposes a new environmental condition that has to be considered to identify the structural damage using the vibration-based method. It is found that groundwater level rise causes a decrease in the natural frequency value. In this research, it is established that the influence of the groundwater level on the natural frequencies of the buildings can change abruptly, and there is a non-linear correlation between groundwater level change and natural frequencies of the buildings. The natural frequencies of the buildings can change under varying environmental conditions as well as in the case of structural damage. To identify structural damage in the long-term structural health monitoring measurements, it is recommended to select features which are sensitive to structural damage but are not affected by groundwater level change. Data normalisation and elimination using linear correlation methods can be used for short-term SHM under varying seasonal groundwater level change.
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Liu, Bingwen, Zhiyong Ji, Tie Wang, Zhenghao Tang und Guoxing Li. „Failure Identification of Dump Truck Suspension Based on an Average Correlation Stochastic Subspace Identification Algorithm“. Applied Sciences 8, Nr. 10 (01.10.2018): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101795.
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This paper proposes a fault identification method based on an improved stochastic subspace modal identification algorithm to achieve high-performance fault identification of dump truck suspension. The sensitivity of modal parameters to suspension faults is evaluated, and a fault diagnosis method based on modal energy difference is established. The feasibility of the proposed method is validated by numerical simulation and full-scale vehicle tests. The result shows that the proposed average correlation signal based stochastic subspace identification (ACS-SSI) method can identify the fluctuation of vehicle modal parameters effectively with respect to different spring stiffness and damping ratio conditions, and then fault identification of the suspension system can be realized by the variation of the modal energy difference (MED).
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Paterson, Catherine F. „Rationales for the Use of Occupation in 19th Century Asylums“. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 60, Nr. 4 (April 1997): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269706000412.
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The use of occupation was a key aspect of moral treatment, the reformed management of the ‘mad’1 in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Physicians observed that the lack of occupation exacerbated symptoms, and held the philosophical and religious beliefs that occupation was intrinsically good and that patients should be encouraged to become useful members of society. They propounded that occupation could divert or provide respite from the patients' delusional or painful thoughts; could counteract symptoms by stimulating the withdrawn, calming the excited and channelling the activity of the obsessive; could be used to strengthen underdeveloped mental faculties or improve existing ones; and, finally, could provide bodily exercise which induced tranquil and refreshing sleep. Some American authors have already explored the links between moral treatment and occupational therapy. This article attempts to identify the rationales for occupation in a British context.
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Iglesias, Marta Elena Losa, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, Paloma Salvadores Fuentes und Michael J. Trepal. „Comparative Analysis of Moral Distress and Values of the Work Organization Between American and Spanish Podiatric Physicians“. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 102, Nr. 1 (01.01.2012): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1020057.
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Background: Moral distress is a stress symptom arising from situations that involve ethical dimensions where the health-care provider believes that he or she is unable to preserve all interests and values at stake. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of, and identify possible differences in, moral distress in podiatric physicians in the United States and Spain and to determine the ethical principles most closely related to moral distress. Methods: A 2008 e-mail survey of 93 US podiatric physicians and 93 Spanish podiatric physicians (N = 186) presented statements about different ethical dilemmas, values, and goals in the workplace. Results: Although moral distress is strongly present across the sample for all of the questions, the US sample shows higher levels of any kind of moral distress concerning questions about patients’ treatment and economic constraints, overload of paperwork, and acting against one’s conscience. In the US sample, 91.4% of physicians agreed mostly or completely with the statement that they often had to compromise their own values to cope with the demands of the workplace; 89.25% of US podiatric physicians indicated that their own professional values were congruent with the values of the organization; and a similar percentage (77.5%) reported a strong identification with the goals and framework of their work organization. The Spanish sample had similar results. Conclusions: The results underline the significance of moral distress for both samples, mainly related to time constraints and organizational aspects concerning patients and lack of resources. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(1): 57–63, 2012)
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Le, Giang, und Yan Tang. „Misperception in Northern Vietnamese Tones due to the Lombard effect“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018552.
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Studies examining Lombard speech have found that intelligibility often increases due to acoustic changes such as elevated intensity, increased F0 and F0 range, and elongated sonorous segments. By previously studying the production of the eight lexical tones in Northern Vietnamese in noise, we have also observed that all tones experienced differing degrees of the Lombard effect. For instance, tone B2 (mid-falling with creakiness) showed resistance to increased glottal regularity, while tone C2 (mid-rising with creakiness) exhibited a greater convergence towards regular phonation. The current study conducted a perception experiment to investigate to what extent those acoustic adaptations due to hyper-articulation impact listeners' perception of tonal identity. Native Vietnamese listeners identified the tones produced in quiet or in noise of 78 or 90 dB SPL by a male and a female speaker. The results show that the creaky tones B2 and C2 had the lowest identification accuracy while the rising modal tone B1 received the highest. Tone C2 in particular was most likely to be identified as the high tones A1 or B1 when originally uttered in noise. The findings call into question whether hyper-articulation always leads to better speech intelligibility, especially for tonal languages.
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Huang, Chia-Chien, Ruei-Jan Chang und Ching-Wen Cheng. „Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials“. Nanomaterials 11, Nr. 11 (06.11.2021): 2981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112981.
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Manipulating optical signals in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range is a highly desired task for applications in chemical sensing, thermal imaging, and subwavelength optical waveguiding. To guide highly confined mid-IR light in photonic chips, graphene-based plasmonics capable of breaking the optical diffraction limit offer a promising solution. However, the propagation lengths of these materials are, to date, limited to approximately 10 µm at the working frequency f = 20 THz. In this study, we proposed a waveguide structure consisting of multilayer graphene metamaterials (MLGMTs). The MLGMTs support the fundamental volume plasmon polariton mode by coupling plasmon polaritons at individual graphene sheets over a silicon nano-rib structure. Benefiting from the high conductivity of the MLGMTs, the guided mode shows ultralow loss compared with that of conventional graphene-based plasmonic waveguides at comparable mode sizes. The proposed design demonstrated propagation lengths of approximately 20 µm (four times the current limitations) at an extremely tight mode area of 10−6A0, where A0 is the diffraction-limited mode area. The dependence of modal characteristics on geometry and material parameters are investigated in detail to identify optimal device performance. Moreover, fabrication imperfections are also addressed to evaluate the robustness of the proposed structure. Moreover, the crosstalk between two adjacent present waveguides is also investigated to demonstrate the high mode confinement to realize high-density on-chip devices. The present design offers a potential waveguiding approach for building tunable and large-area photonic integrated circuits.
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Joubert, Estelle. „New music in the Office of Thomas Becket from the Diocese of Trier“. Plainsong and Medieval Music 18, Nr. 1 (16.03.2009): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137109000953.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines aspects of variation and transmission in the Office of Thomas Becket in the Diocese of Trier, Germany. Palaeographic evidence suggests that by the mid-fifteenth century, liturgical sources in Trier exhibited numerous transmission errors and disruptions in the modal scheme of the Thomas Office. However, a subset of late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century manuscripts from St Florin and St Castor in Koblenz displays efforts to restore the theoretical modal scheme of the Office by composing new melodies for four items; the uniqueness of these items has been confirmed with the assistance of a large-scale electronic project cataloguing the Office of Thomas Becket across Europe, headed by Andrew Hughes at the University of Toronto. The present study provides a detailed melodic and modal analysis of the four newly composed items: the invitatory, Adsunt Thome martyris; the fourth responsory for Matins, Post sex annos; the ninth responsory for Matins, Iesu bone per Thome; and the fourth antiphon for Lauds, Ad Thome memoriam. Numerous melodic allusions to the Office of St Gorgonius – a martyr also venerated in Koblenz from the turn of the fifteenth century – have been uncovered in the four newly composed items. The re-ordering of the modal schemes of the Thomas Office and the colourful array of musical and theological echoes and allusions between the Becket and Gorgonius Offices suggests a desire to establish, reflect and cultivate a local liturgical identity within the community in Koblenz.
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Mason, Jan, und Tobia Fattore. „Shame, Social Orders and the Governing of Women and Girls through Institutions in New South Wales“. Emotions: History, Culture, Society 1, Nr. 2 (22.03.2017): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-00102008.
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The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse has illuminated, through the testimonies of survivors of abuse, how feelings of shame acted as a powerful barrier to prevent disclosures of abuse by children in these institutions. In this essay, we take this finding as a starting point, and examine the ways in which experiences of shame and institutional shaming practices facilitated the control of women and girls through the policing of female sexuality. We focus our analysis on two periods: the era of early colonial settlement and that of the early and mid-twentieth century. In the first period, women, and in the second period, adolescent girls, were placed in institutions for their moral reconstruction as part of social processes significant to nation-building.. We discuss continuities and changes in the co-construction of shaming over these two periods, as part of institutional reform practices, and identify their implications for the contemporary era.
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Reed, Adam. „Sympathy for Oswald Mosley: Politics of Reading and Historical Resemblance in the Moral Imagination of an English Literary Society“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 64, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417521000396.
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AbstractThe mid-twentieth-century English novelist, Henry Williamson, wrote nature stories but also romantic and historical fiction, including a fifteen-volume saga that contains a largely favorable characterization of Oswald Mosley, the leader of the British Union of Fascists. This essay considers the challenge of such a fascist character through the prism of the literary imagination of Williamson readers, and more specifically through my longstanding ethnographic work with an English literary society constituted in the author’s name. I am centrally concerned with how literary society members deal with the positive depiction of the Mosley-based character through the stages of the reading process that they identify and describe. Do the immersive values commonly attached to their solitary reading culture, for instance, assist or further problematize that engagement? What role does their subsequent, shared practice of character evaluation play? As well as considering the treatment of characters as objects of sympathy, I explore the vital sympathies that for literary society members tie characters together with historical persons. Across the essay I dialogue with anthropological literature on exemplars, historical commentaries on the fascist cult of leadership, and finally with the philosophical claims that Nussbaum makes for the moral and political consequences of fiction reading.
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Nicoletti, Vanni, Luca Tentella, Riccardo Martini, Simone Quarchioni, Sandro Carbonari und Fabrizio Gara. „Dynamic identification and vibration serviceability assessment of a wooden cable‐stayed footbridge“. ce/papers 6, Nr. 5 (September 2023): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2124.
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AbstractThis paper discusses the dynamic characterization of a 3 spans wooden cable‐stayed footbridge newly built in Italy. The footbridge is 235 m long and consists of a 2‐girder wooden deck. The edge spans are simply supported, while the mid one (about 150 m long) is sustained by 16 stays linked to 2 pillars. Ambient vibration tests and operational modal analyses are performed to identify the global dynamic behaviour of the structure and 17 stable vibration modes are identified in the frequency range 0‐6 Hz. Moreover, the vibration serviceability is assessed performing in situ pedestrian load tests following the load protocols provided by Hivoss and Sètra technical guidelines, and verifying the recorded accelerations with the maximum ones suggested by codes (fib bulletin 32 and EN1990:2002).
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Rechkin, Alexander Viktorovich, und Svetlana Vladimirovna Kropotova. „Motivation of professional activities medium staff“. Medsestra (Nurse), Nr. 4 (25.03.2022): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2204-06.
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The purpose of the study is to increase the motivation of nursing staff as a guarantor of the quality of medical care. Results. The literature on motivational management was studied, patients’ opinion was analyzed as a factor influencing the motivation of the work of medical personnel, the role and influence of motivation on the professional activities of nursing staff, the opinion of managers about specific means of influencing the motivation of employees, the role and influence of motivation on the work of the head of the service. Conclusion. Important factors for improving the quality of medical care are: addressing the issues of holding general polyclinic conferences using modern technical means (slide shows, using a video projector), improving the equipment of workplaces (equipment, devices and medical supplies, overalls), organizing for medical of the staff of the room of emotional unloading, systematization of the work of the receptionist by equipping it with information guides and office equipment, on the use of moral rewards (thank you, a diploma, a board of honor, etc.), periodic personnel surveys in order to identify priority motivating factors in labor activity.
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Zhao, Qianqian, Hanxiao Wu und Jianqing Zhu. „Margin-Based Modal Adaptive Learning for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification“. Sensors 23, Nr. 3 (27.01.2023): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031426.
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Visible-infrared person re-identification (VIPR) has great potential for intelligent transportation systems for constructing smart cities, but it is challenging to utilize due to the huge modal discrepancy between visible and infrared images. Although visible and infrared data can appear to be two domains, VIPR is not identical to domain adaptation as it can massively eliminate modal discrepancies. Because VIPR has complete identity information on both visible and infrared modalities, once the domain adaption is overemphasized, the discriminative appearance information on the visible and infrared domains would drain. For that, we propose a novel margin-based modal adaptive learning (MMAL) method for VIPR in this paper. On each domain, we apply triplet and label smoothing cross-entropy functions to learn appearance-discriminative features. Between the two domains, we design a simple yet effective marginal maximum mean discrepancy (M3D) loss function to avoid an excessive suppression of modal discrepancies to protect the features’ discriminative ability on each domain. As a result, our MMAL method could learn modal-invariant yet appearance-discriminative features for improving VIPR. The experimental results show that our MMAL method acquires state-of-the-art VIPR performance, e.g., on the RegDB dataset in the visible-to-infrared retrieval mode, the rank-1 accuracy is 93.24% and the mean average precision is 83.77%.
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Rahman, Abdur, Qaiser Uz Zaman Khan und Muhammad Irshad Qureshi. „Evaluation of Simplified Analysis Procedures for a High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Core Wall Structure“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (12.02.2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1035015.
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Nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) procedure is one of the most precise and accurate numerical method to compute the seismic demands of high-rise structures but is complex, rigorous, and time-consuming and requires a lot of expertise for nonlinear modelling and results interpretation. Therefore, practicing engineers in developing countries like Pakistan still use the simplified analysis procedures to compute the seismic demands. Among the simplified analysis procedures, equivalent lateral force and response spectrum analysis procedures are widely used for the design purpose. However, other procedures have also been proposed in the recent past to accurately capture the higher mode effects in mid-to-high-rise structures. In the current study, results of a forty-story core wall building are used to check the relative accuracy and ease of application of different simplified analysis procedures. Furthermore, a modal decomposition technique is used to separate the modal responses from the NLRHA results, and a mode wise comparison of different demand parameters for different simplified procedures is performed. The current study has been used to clearly identify the reasons of inaccuracies in different simplified procedures. Furthermore, a simplified analysis procedure is proposed to accurately estimate the seismic demands of high-rise buildings and the possible solutions to improve their predictions.
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Gorodnicheva, Marina A. „GENRE OF THEATRICAL REVIEW IN THE WORK OF N. V. GOGOL“. Sign problematic field in mediaeducation 49, Nr. 3 (30.11.2023): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2070-0695-2023-49-3-68-75.
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The purpose of the article is to consider the ideological, thematic and genre features of the theater review in the works of Nikolay V. Gogol, as well as to identify the writer’s views on the development of the theater in the mid-1830s. Based on the analysis of the texts «Petersburg Notes for 1836» and «The Petersburg stage in 1835/36», the patterns of development of the Gogol’s aesthetic concept are determined. The writer perceives the theater as the center of the cultural life of St. Petersburg society, sees in theatrical art a huge potential for moral improvement and social transformation.In the discussions about the repertoire of the St. Petersburg stage, the ideas of the sacralization of art and the poet’s mission are manifested. N. Gogol attaches special importance to the genre of comedy – «spiritual», based on intellectual humor and satire.Gogol’s theatrical review is distinguished by such features as mosaic composition, essayization. Genre synthesis (review, writer’s notes, essays, etc.) and the widespread use of artistic visual and expressive means are noted as the most important features of Gogol’s criticism and journalistic works.The research contributes to the study of theater journalism and Gogol’s activities as a theater critic.
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Sawatzky, Pam, Irene Martin, Patricia Galarza, Marıa Elena Trigoso Carvallo, Pamela Araya Rodriguez, Olga Marina Sanabria Cruz, Alina Llop Hernandez et al. „Quality assurance for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Latin American and Caribbean countries, 2013–2015“. Sexually Transmitted Infections 94, Nr. 7 (19.04.2018): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053502.
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ObjectivesA Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility quality control comparison programme was re-established in Latin America and the Caribbean to ensure antimicrobial susceptibility data produced from the region are comparable nationally and internationally.MethodsThree panels, consisting of N. gonorrhoeae isolates comprising reference strains and other characterised isolates were sent to 11 participating laboratories between 2013 and 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibilities for these isolates were determined using agar dilution, Etest or disc diffusion methods. Modal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each panel isolate/antibiotic combination were calculated. The guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute were used for interpretations of antimicrobial susceptibility. The agreement of MICs with the modal MICs was determined for each of the participating laboratories as well as for each of the antibiotics tested.ResultsFive of 11 laboratories that participated in at least one panel had an overall average agreement between participants’ MIC results and modal MICs of >90%. For other laboratories, agreements ranged from 60.0% to 82.4%. The proportion of agreement between interpretations for all the antibiotics, except penicillin and tetracycline, was >90%. The percentages of agreement between MIC results and their modes for erythromycin, spectinomycin, cefixime and azithromycin were >90%. Tetracycline, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin agreement ranged from 84.5% to 89.1%, while penicillin had 78.8% agreement between MICs and modal MICs.ConclusionsThe participating laboratories had acceptable results, similar to other international quality assurance programmes. It is important to ensure continuation of the International Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility Quality Control Comparison Programme to ensure that participants can identify and correct any problems in antimicrobial susceptibility testing for N. gonorrhoeae as they arise and continue to generate reproducible and reliable data.
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Lopes, Juliana Monteiro, Ilton Curty Leal Junior und Vanessa De Almeida Guimarães. „IMPACT OF MODAL CHOICE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL SUPPLY CHAIN“. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 13, Nr. 2 (22.06.2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2016.v13.n2.a1.
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Currently, concerns with sustainable development lead organizations to improve their production processes in order to reduce greenhouse gases emission and energy consumption. Since the bioethanol supply chain is a CO2 emitter and depends on several energy sources, it becomes important to analyze how to improve this chain regarding environmental issues. Thus, this paper presents a comparative study of scenarios with bioethanol supply chain configurations which use different modal alternatives and renewable energy in all its mid-stages. The analysis was based on LCA (life cycle analysis) concepts and in a partial application of LCI (life cycle inventory), so that we can identify which of these scenarios is most appropriate in terms of lower total energy consumption, greater share of renewable energy use and lower CO2 emissions. Based on concepts found in the bibliographic research, the methodology used and the data collected from documental research, this paper analyzes the supply chain that begins with sugarcane plantation and bioethanol production in the south central region of Brazil with destination to export. Based on the results, we concluded that it is possible to improve the performance of the supply chain in environmental terms with a combination of renewable energy sources and modes of transport that are more suitable to the product studied.
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Zank, G. P., L. L. Zhao, L. Adhikari, M. Nakanotani, A. Pitňa, D. Telloni und H. Che. „Linear Mode Decomposition in Magnetohydrodynamics Revisited“. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 268, Nr. 1 (28.08.2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acdf5d.
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Abstract Small-amplitude fluctuations in the magnetized solar wind are measured typically by a single spacecraft. In the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) description, fluctuations are typically expressed in terms of the fundamental modes admitted by the system. An important question is how to resolve an observed set of fluctuations, typically plasma moments such as the density, velocity, pressure, and magnetic field fluctuations, into their constituent fundamental MHD modal components. Despite its importance in understanding the basic elements of waves and turbulence in the solar wind, this problem has not yet been fully resolved. Here, we introduce a new method that identifies between wave modes and advected structures such as magnetic islands or entropy modes and computes the phase information associated with the eligible MHD modes. The mode-decomposition method developed here identifies the admissible modes in an MHD plasma from a set of plasma and magnetic field fluctuations measured by a single spacecraft at a specific frequency and an inferred wavenumber k m . We present data from three typical intervals measured by the Wind and Solar Orbiter spacecraft at ∼1 au and show how the new method identifies both propagating (wave) and nonpropagating (structures) modes, including entropy and magnetic island modes. This allows us to identify and characterize the separate MHD modes in an observed plasma parcel and to derive wavenumber spectra of entropic density, fast and slow magnetosonic, Alfvénic, and magnetic island fluctuations for the first time. These results help identify the fundamental building blocks of turbulence in the magnetized solar wind.
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Rahman, Khandakar Rezwanur, Nabila Tabassum und Md Abid Hossain Mollah. „Opinion of the junior doctors on the existing morale, support and autonomy at their workplace and the factors positively influencing them“. BIRDEM Medical Journal 12, Nr. 1 (30.12.2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v12i1.57222.
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Background: Junior doctors form the majority of the workforce in patient care. Their job is perilous, highly critical, tedious and exhausting and it is imperative that they stay motivated while at work. Improving the morale of physicians has the potential to increase efficiency, ensure patient safety and improve patient outcomes. We aimed to identify the existing status and explore the factors affecting junior doctors’ morale, their sense of feeling supported and their levels of autonomy in 2 large teaching hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done across 2 large tertiary hospitals- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders(BIRDEM) General Hospital and Dhaka Shishu Hospital, over 4 months period from September- December 2020. The study was carried out on 120 junior doctors by an online questionnaire, distributed through emails and Facebook messenger, asking junior doctors to rate their morale, sense of feeling supported and autonomy and rank the top factors that positively affected them. Results: Data were finally collected from 117 junior doctors after 3 incomplete data were discarded. Most of the junior doctors felt ‘neither good nor bad’ in the domains of existing ‘morale’ (44.4%), ‘feeling supported’ (46.5%) and ‘autonomy’ (48.7%). Additionally, ‘good’ morale was seen in 39.3%, while around 34% rated their support system as ‘good’ and around 24% reported a ‘good’ autonomy. The most important factor positively affecting morale was recognition and reward for good performance (70.1%), factor influencing support was an easy access to senior clinicians (70.4%) and that defining autonomy was constant senior supervision of the everyday work (61.1%). Conclusion: The study aims to identify the existing level of morale, support and autonomy of the junior doctors at their workplace and explore the factors positively affecting them. It is concluded from this study that the junior doctors rated their existing morale, support and autonomy as ‘average’. According to the opinions of the doctors, this study also concludes that, to improve their morale, there is a need to recognize and reward their good work and provide positive feedback. Doctors identified an easy access to senior clinicians with a problem was the primary factor influencing support. Finally, junior doctors wanted constant senior supervision of their everyday work in the wards to improve output. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(1): 30-35
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Choi, Karmel W., Chia-Yen Chen, Robert J. Ursano, Xiaoying Sun, Sonia Jain, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen et al. „Prospective study of polygenic risk, protective factors, and incident depression following combat deployment in US Army soldiers“. Psychological Medicine 50, Nr. 5 (15.04.2019): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000527.
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AbstractBackgroundWhereas genetic susceptibility increases the risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), non-genetic protective factors may mitigate this risk. In a large-scale prospective study of US Army soldiers, we examined whether trait resilience and/or unit cohesion could protect against the onset of MDD following combat deployment, even in soldiers at high polygenic risk.MethodsData were analyzed from 3079 soldiers of European ancestry assessed before and after their deployment to Afghanistan. Incident MDD was defined as no MDD episode at pre-deployment, followed by a MDD episode following deployment. Polygenic risk scores were constructed from a large-scale genome-wide association study of major depression. We first examined the main effects of the MDD PRS and each protective factor on incident MDD. We then tested the effects of each protective factor on incident MDD across strata of polygenic risk.ResultsPolygenic risk showed a dose–response relationship to depression, such that soldiers at high polygenic risk had greatest odds for incident MDD. Both unit cohesion and trait resilience were prospectively associated with reduced risk for incident MDD. Notably, the protective effect of unit cohesion persisted even in soldiers at highest polygenic risk.ConclusionsPolygenic risk was associated with new-onset MDD in deployed soldiers. However, unit cohesion – an index of perceived support and morale – was protective against incident MDD even among those at highest genetic risk, and may represent a potent target for promoting resilience in vulnerable soldiers. Findings illustrate the value of combining genomic and environmental data in a prospective design to identify robust protective factors for mental health.
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Tamanaha, Brian Z. „Pragmatic Reconstruction in Jurisprudence: Features of a Realistic Legal Theory“. Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2021): 171–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2020.19.
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A century ago the pragmatists called for reconstruction in philosophy. Philosophy at the time was occupied with conceptual analysis, abstractions, a priori analysis, and the pursuit of necessary, universal truths. Pragmatists argued that philosophy instead should center on the pressing problems of the day, which requires theorists to pay attention to social complexity, variation, change, power, consequences, and other concrete aspects of social life. The parallels between philosophy then and jurisprudence today are striking, as I show, calling for a pragmatism-informed theory of law within contemporary jurisprudence. In the wake of H.L.A. Hart’s mid-century turn to conceptual analysis, “during the course of the twentieth century, the boundaries of jurisprudential inquiry were progressively narrowed.”1 Jurisprudence today is dominated by legal philosophers engaged in conceptual analysis built on intuitions, seeking to identify essential features and timeless truths about law. In the pursuit of these objectives, they detach law from its social and historical moorings, they ignore variation and change, they drastically reduce law to a singular phenomenon—like a coercive planning system for difficult moral problems2—and they deny that coercive force is a universal feature of law, among other ways in which they depart from the reality of law; a few prominent jurisprudents even proffer arguments that invoke aliens or societies of angels.
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Ramirez, Jacobo, und Claudia Vélez‐Zapata. „Challenges for academic organizations' legitimacy in Colombia's transition to a postconflict context“. Journal of Organizational Change Management 33, Nr. 6 (05.10.2020): 1011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2020-0027.
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PurposeWe explore and explain how academic organizations attempt to establish legitimacy in a transition to a postconflict context, and we examine the ethical challenges that emerge from insightful approaches to formal education in such contexts.Design/methodology/approachWe use legitimacy theory to present a case study of a business school in Medellin, Colombia (herein referred to by the pseudonym BS-MED) in the empirical setting of the end of the most prolonged armed conflict in the world.FindingsWe identify the mechanisms implemented by BS-MED to comply with the Colombian government's peace process and rhetoric of business profitability and the faculty members' initiatives in response to social and academic tensions.Originality/valueThis study identifies the sources of the tensions and discrepancies between the regulatory and pragmatic versus moral and cultural-cognitive criteria of legitimacy in transitions to a postconflict context. This examination advances our understanding of the challenges that organizations face regarding changes to legitimacy over time. The extreme setting of our case positions academics as key players who lead the search for legitimacy. This study challenges the understandings of legitimacy in the literature on organizations, which rarely consider broader sociopolitical transitions to a peace context.
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Nielsen, Anne Marije Christina Overgaard, Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen, Ramune Jacobsen, Pernille Herold Jeberg, Anna Birna Almarsdóttir, Marie Kim Wium-Andersen, Merete Osler und Janne Petersen. „Trajectories of somatic drug utilization patterns in Major Depressive Disorder: A Study protocol for a Danish nationwide register study using Latent Class Analysis“. F1000Research 10 (12.10.2021): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73451.1.
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Background: Major Depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous, multi-etiological disorder that is associated with chronic medical conditions and a high somatic treatment burden. A better understanding of the somatic diseases and treatment burden in MDD can be provided through a mapping of the somatic drug utilization patterns over time. The objective of this study is therefore to characterize the somatic drug profiles and their transitions over time (i.e. trajectories) among MDD patients. Methods: This descriptive study will be a nationwide register-based study including all Danish patients with an incident MDD diagnosis between 2011 and 2015. Using Latent Class Analysis, we will identify homogenous MDD patient subgroups according to somatic drug utilization (i.e. drug profiles). The development in somatic drug profiles will be depicted in four different time intervals from three years prior to the MDD diagnosis to three years after the diagnosis. Patients will be assigned to the latent class (drug profile) to which they have the highest probability of belonging using modal assignment. The treatment trajectories will be performed by cross tabulating these assignments. Discussion: Profiles and trajectories of somatic drug use will provide a new perspective on patterns of somatic drug burden in MDD patients. Moreover, identifying homogenous subgroups of MDD patients regarding somatic drug use can contribute to a deeper understanding of MDD etiology. In the future, this knowledge could help optimizing MDD treatment by studying if different antidepressants will show different efficacy and safety depending on the profiles and trajectories of somatic diseases.