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1
Semyonov, Moshe. „Bi-Ethnic Labor Markets, Mono-Ethnic Labor Markets, and Socioeconomic Inequality“. American Sociological Review 53, Nr. 2 (April 1988): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095691.
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Sikevich, Zinaida V., und Yuliya A. Possel. „The Structure and Typology of the Ethnic Identity of Members of Interethnic and Mono-ethnic Families (a comparative analysis)“. Sociological Journal 25, Nr. 1 (2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2018.25.1.6282.
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This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of ethnic identity in interethnic and mono-ethnic families on the example of St. Petersburg, and is based on data from a sociological survey conducted in 2017. During the study, members of 106 interethnic families were interviewed and 45 mono-ethnic families were analyzed as a control group. The main conclusions of the study include the following. In interethnic families ethnic identity is established, in the case of a mono-ethnic identity it coincides with the identity of mothers, mostly Russians. In general, the influence of mothers on the ethnic self-identification of children is stronger than the impact of fathers. This is due to the dominance of maternal socialization, inherent in the national tradition, and also because most Russian mothers bring up their children in the Russian cultural environment. The attitude towards their ethnic identity in children is more indifferent compared to the sense of “national pride” inherent in most parents. For all categories of the sample, with the exception of fathers from interethnic families, cultural signs of self-identification are more important than others. Fathers of different cultures allot special importance to blood kinship. The main features of ethnic consolidation for all survey participants are cultural traditions and the native language. National identity for all survey participants, except for “non-Russian” fathers, prevails over ethnic self-determination. Ethnic prejudices dominate over religious prejudices. In comparison to Christians, Muslims are more rejecting. The presence of ethnic prejudice is not connected with membership in an interethnic or mono-ethnic family, and is most likely due to the personal attitudes of the respondents.
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Maximova, Svetlana G., Daria A. Omelchenko und Oksana E. Noyanzina. „THE ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION OF RUSSIANS IN MONO- AND POLYETHNIC REGIONS: REPERTORY GRID ANALYSIS“. Society and Security Insights 3, Nr. 2 (08.04.2020): 13–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)2-01.
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The identity of ethnic Russians has been shaped in co-habitation with various ethnic groups and implementation of nation-building projects, where they always had special status and mission. Its peculiarities are important for understanding the actual inter-ethnic relations in Russia and perspectives of their development. A study based on the of repertory grid approach was conducted in two border regions with different ethnic composition – the Altai territory (mono-ethnic region, n = 543, 16 to 75 years) and the Republic of Altai (poly-ethnic region, n = 354, 16 to 75 years). It was found, that the most important characteristics for identification and evaluation of ethnic groups are related to security, social and economic position, mental similarity. In mono-ethnic region the image of Russians is constructed on the base of positive stereotypes and opposed to ethnic groups, perceived as different. In poly-ethnic region the self-perception is more differentiated, the ethnic identity acquires additional traits, bringing Russians and cohabitating groups closer. Our study has implications for theories of social identity and interethnic cooperation, as well as for the literature on national policy under cultural and ethnic diversity. It could be used for replication in the repertory grid analysis aimed at ethnic identity issues.
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Athiemoolam, Logamurthie, und Annaline Vermaak. „Teaching approaches adopted by teachers in multicultural classrooms in secondary schools in Port Elizabeth, South Africa“. Journal for Multicultural Education 15, Nr. 2 (05.05.2021): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-01-2021-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine teaching approaches adopted by teachers in ex-Model C English medium secondary schools (former mono-ethnic White Schools) currently in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, after schools became desegregated in 1994 and changed from being mono-ethnic to multi-ethnic. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted through a qualitative research approach against the backdrop of a phenomenological design according to the interpretivist paradigm. Data were elicited through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 teachers from four ex-Model C English medium secondary schools (former White schools) who had experiences of teaching both pre-1994, when schools were mono-ethnic, and post-1994 when the schools were multi-ethnic. The interviews were transcribed, and the data were analysed and categorised into themes and sub-themes. Findings The findings indicated that although the teachers were positive towards teaching in multi-ethnic contexts, the majority of them tended to adopt approaches that militated against multicultural education in their classes; such as assimilationist, colour blind and business-as-usual approaches, while a minority incorporated various aspects of multicultural education in their teaching to a limited degree. Originality/value The study is original in the sense that it focused on the application of Castagno’s framework of typologies to teachers’ approaches to teaching in multi-ethnic classes. Research of this nature, which explored teachers’ approaches to diversity within their multi-ethnic contexts according to Castagno’s framework, has not been previously undertaken in South Africa.
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Zamurueva, N. A. „MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION: CONCEPT, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES“. Education and Science without Limits: Fundamental and Applied Researches, Nr. 10 (25.11.2019): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2500-249x-2019-10-256-257.
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In the modern world, there are practically no mono-ethnic countries. Multicultural education, as a complex multidimensional concept, combines different approaches to solving problems related to racial, ethnic, cultural heterogeneity of modern society. It is an integral part in the system of general and professional education.
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Bakshi, G. D. „Mono, ethnic solutions: The Taliban's cheque book campaign, autumn 1998“. Strategic Analysis 22, Nr. 9 (Dezember 1998): 1297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700169808458884.
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Chebotareva, Elena Yu, und Marina I. Volk. „Life and Family Values Similarity in Inter-Ethnic and Inter-Faith Couples“. Behavioral Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (19.01.2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10010038.
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Inter-cultural families are an integral part of modern society, the institution of mutual influence of different cultures, of a person’s identity transformation. The studies of marital adjustment, values, and attitudes consistency in inter-cultural couples provide contradictory results. To resolve contradictions in this area, comparative studies of inter-cultural families of different types are important. The aim of the study is the comparative analysis of life and family values in inter-cultural couples, differing by the ethnic and religious affiliation of spouses. The participants: 69 couples: 20 mono-ethnic Russian, 30—inter-ethnic, inter-faith (Russians/Arabs); 19—inter-ethnic, with a common religion (Russian/Transcaucasian, Christians). The methods: Value Survey (Schwartz), Marital Role Expectations and Aspirations (Volkova), Marital Satisfaction Test (Stolin et al.), Mann–Whitney U-test, paired T-test. In inter-cultural couples, the spouses’ life-values coincidence is significantly less strong than in mono-cultural ones. However, in couples with common religious differences, their life values reflect not so much the contradictions, but the complementarity of traditional gender values. In general, the different cultures of spouses (both ethnic and religious) optimizes the process of comparing values and family attitudes. Despite a number of difficulties, spouses from inter-cultural couples generally have more consistent ideas about their family life.
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Balasundaram, Nirmanusan. „Sri Lanka: An Ethnocratic State Endangering Positive Peace in the Island“. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 8, Nr. 3 (30.11.2016): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v8i3.5194.
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Although proclaimed as a democratic republic, the Sri Lankan state is strongly controlled and ruled by Sinhala Buddhist influence due to a deep engrained belief that the island belongs to the Sinhala Buddhists. The modus operandi of the Sri Lankan state apparatus outlines the ethnocratic characteristics of the state. This mono-ethnic and mono-religious attitude has led to the widening and deepening of the discrimination against a particular ethnic group known as the Tamils who traditionally inhabit the North and East of the island. Ethnocracy continues to be defended and justified by the state in the name of sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security and has led to further polarization of the already divided ethnic groups. As a consequence and outcome of the ethnocratic nature of the Sri Lankan state, a bloody war erupted between successive governments of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). After nearly 38 years the prolonged war came to a brutal end in May 2009 amidst blatant violations of international law. However, the root causes of this conflict, which occurred due to ethnocratic nature of the state, have not yet been addressed resulting in the continuation of the ethnic conflict despite the end of the war.
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Luchinkina, Irina, und Natalia Senchenko. „Features of multicultural competence of young people with different types of ethnic identity“. E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 17018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021017018.
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The article analyzes the multicultural competence of an individual based on his ethnic socialization. The authors note that multicultural competence determines the life orientation of an individual, the ability to orientate in various spheres of life, and determines the quality of personal relationships in a multicultural society and also presupposes the formation of a personality capable of high-quality, effective life activity in a multicultural society, motivated to understand, differentiate and take into account the differences of ethnic groups. In the course of the empirical research, the ethnic composition of the respondents’ families, self-identification of students with ethnic groups, the attitude of respondents to their ethnic groups / affiliations, the type of ethnic identity, its dominant components and multicultural competence of the individual were investigated. The study revealed significant differences in the parameters of ethnic identity and multicultural competence of mono-ethnic, bi-ethnic, zero, marginal groups, and their specificity and features were described.
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Dulani, Boniface, Adam S. Harris, Jeremy Horowitz und Happy Kayuni. „Electoral Preferences Among Multiethnic Voters in Africa“. Comparative Political Studies 54, Nr. 2 (23.06.2020): 280–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414020926196.
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Intermarriage is transforming Africa’s ethnic landscape. In several countries on the continent more than a fifth of all marriages now cut across ethnic lines. As a result, there is a growing population of multiethnic citizens who descend from diverse family lineages. The growth of Africa’s mixed population has the potential to affect politics in a variety of potentially far-reaching ways. In this article, we focus on one possible implication by examining the electoral preferences of multiethnic voters in contexts where ethnic bloc voting is commonplace. Drawing on survey data from Malawi and Kenya, we find that mixed individuals are less likely to support the party associated with their stated ethnic group, relative to mono-ethnics. We outline several possible explanations related to identity measurement, the link between identities and preferences, and social networks.
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Lawoti, Mahendra. „Nepal in 2018“. Asian Survey 59, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2019.59.1.133.
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The Communist Party of Nepal raised hope for stability and rapid development after winning a comfortable majority in local, provincial, and federal elections, but power concentration, partisanship, and factionalism prevented it from delivering, while intolerance toward dissidents, illiberal actions, and mono-ethnic policies generated criticism and reduced its popularity within a year.
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Omelchenko, Daria A., Svetlana G. Maximova und Oksana E. Noyanzina. „THE ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION OF RUSSIANS IN MONO- AND POLYETHNIC REGIONS: REPERTORY GRID ANALYSIS“. Society and Security Insights 3, Nr. 2 (08.04.2020): 104–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)2-07.
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Social security is one of the most important priorities of the state policy in the Russian borderlands, requiring complex and systematic approach to its effi cient realization, especially in part of the monitoring and assessment of social processes. Based on a large body of statistical data, the authors suggest a model of evaluation of social security in border regions, including nine groups of indicators, describing socio-economic, demographic and ecological spheres, characteristics of labor markets, healthcare system, public order and crime control, social and information infrastructures as its main components. Th e analysis is given separately for each component and completed by the general typology of border regions, demonstrating combination of issues and possibilities in maintaining social security.
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Kirby, PL, MC Caulfield, DJ Collier, S. Eldridge, CG Griffiths, H. Hemingway, NR Poulter und GS Feder. „Differential response to amlodipine and atenolol mono-therapy for hypertension by ethnic group“. Journal of Human Hypertension 15, S1 (August 2001): S61—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001080.
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Zhang, Wei. „Health Disparities and Relational Well-Being between Multi- and Mono-Ethnic Asian Americans“. Social Indicators Research 110, Nr. 2 (26.10.2011): 735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9956-9.
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Shakhbanova, M. M. „INTER-ETHNIC TENSION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT: CONTENT, FORMING FACTORS, TYPOLOGY“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, Nr. 1 (15.02.2017): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch131154-167.
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In modern Russian society, there take place the processes of cardinal transformation of socio-economic, political, spiritual and other spheres of its functioning. This fact conditions an urgent need to study risks and threats to preservation of social stability, sustainable development, strengthening of ties and relations in the Russian society. This aspect is especially important in multinational subjects of Russia, which differ in national heterogeneity of the population, degree of socio-economic development of the territories, variability of ethno-cultural norms and value patterns of social life. The article deals with vital and complex issues related to the phenomenon of “interethnic tension” and ethnic conflicts existing in modern national and foreign science, theoretical and methodological approaches to their study, classification criteria, various concepts of the causes and typologies of these phenomena. The author of the article presents classification of interethnic conflicts according to their stages or forms, to the nature of conflicting parties, which makes it possible to single out conflicts of “psychological stereotypes”, “ideological doctrines”, “political institutions”. In the study of the phenomenon of “interethnic tension”, it is important to establish risks and reasons for deterioration of interethnic relations in multinational administrative entities, the role of the factor of ethnic heterogeneity in the emergence of ethnic conflicts in modern Russian society. National diversity is fraught with various negative consequences, risk of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts as polyethnic communities are more at risk of their appearance than mono-national ones.
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Wilson, Rita. „‘Pens that confound the label of citizenship’: self-translations and literary identities“. Modern Italy 25, Nr. 2 (28.01.2020): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.73.
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The linguistic and cultural identity of transnational writers who choose to write in an adopted language or to self-translate, has gained increasing interest among researchers over the last decade. Approaches to the topic have ranged from textual analyses of translingual narratives and language memoirs to more ontological investigations of the processes of identity-formation in transcultural frameworks. Acknowledging that there is no one-to-one correspondence between linguistic units and ethnic, social or cultural formations, this paper considers the relationship between the literary practices of contemporary translingual writers and the role of language both in the formation of personal identities and in the reconfiguration of constructions of national identity and literary belonging. Specifically, I examine how two contemporary women writers, Francesca Marciano and Jhumpa Lahiri, who each represent a remarkable case of self-conscious linguistic transformation, interrogate the traditional construct of a monolingual, mono-ethnic and mono-cultural national identity. I argue that their autofictions reflect the multilingual and transcultural reality of contemporary transnational literature and instantiate broader issues connected with the definition, categorisation and consequent evaluation of literary canons and literary citizenship.
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Azbel, A. А. „Occupational Identity Development by Prospective Students from Mono-ethnic Regions of the Russian Federation“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 86 (Oktober 2013): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.615.
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Van Eijk, Gwen. „‘They Eat Potatoes, I Eat Rice’: Symbolic Boundary Making and Space in Neighbour Relations“. Sociological Research Online 16, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2471.
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This article examines ‘neighbouring’ as the setting in which cross-category relations develop and symbolic boundaries are constructed. The study is based on thirty in-depth interviews with residents living in a multi-ethnic and a mono-ethnic neighbourhood in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The findings challenge the hoped-for outcomes of social mixing in neighbourhoods, as well as the view that boundary making is something inherent to multi-ethnic neighbourhoods only. Neighbour relations are often setting-specific (relations are interchangeable, scripted and bounded, and passively maintained), which is relevant for understanding the spatiality of neighbouring and the limited exchange of personal information between neighbours. Because neighbouring involves the balancing of personal privacy and close spatial proximity, the exchange of personal information is limited, while spatial proximity ensures easy access to observable (through seeing, hearing and smelling) categorical markers that signify class, ethnicity, lifestyle, etc. In this way, neighbour interaction reconstructs symbolic boundaries rather than breaking them down.
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Jędraszczyk, Katarzyna. „Modele pamięci o Holokauście na Ukrainie w kontekście marginalności i marginalizacji dyskursów pamięci“. Politeja 18, Nr. 1(70) (01.02.2021): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.70.04.
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Models of Memory about the Holokaust in Ukraine in the Context of Marginality and Marginalization of Memory Discourse
There are two main models of memory in Ukraine: nationalist and post-Soviet. After 1991, Ukrainian historiography concerning the Holokaust was influenced by Soviet and emigration historiography. It was reactive to the allegations that the Ukrainians are anti-Semitic. In the nationalist model of memory, there is no space for the memory of the Holokaust in Ukraine, it is rather a strategy of displacing trauma and guilt or emphasizing the contribution of Ukrainians to saving Jews. The post-Soviet model also goes without a narrative about the Holokaust, but rather because of the lack of tradition in the USSR of describing war as a multi-ethnic experience. In this sense, both models are similar – both are mono-ethnic narratives. The minority discourse (ethnic model) about the Holokaust in Ukraine has not yet advanced to the rank of a nationwide narrative.
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TSUNEYOSHI, Ryoko. „The Portrayal of "Foreigners" in Japanese Social Studies Textbooks : Self-Images of Mono-Ethnic Pluralism“. Educational Studies in Japan 2 (2007): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7571/esjkyoiku.2.31.
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Rai, Jiwan Kumar. „Plights of Marginalised Limbu Community in Subba’s “Laato Pahaada” [Dumb Hill]“. JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature 11, Nr. 1 (31.12.2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodem.v11i1.34806.
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The title story “Laato Pahaada” [“Dumb Hill”] selected from Upendra Subba’
s anthology of stories Laato Pahaada [Dumb Hill] represents plights – pains, sufferings, tortures and difficulties – of ethnic Limbu community at the margin under the dominance of mainstream culture and various forms of repressive and ideological state apparatuses. So, this study aims to find out the responsible factors that compel the ethnic Limbu community to remain illiterate and go through numerous pains, sufferings, tortures and humiliation. Similarly, it aims to analyse how the illiterate and poor Limbu people suffer and get tortured by the cultural practices and apparatuses of the state power. In order to achieve the designed objectives and reach to a conclusion, Cultural Studies has been used as an overall theoretical approach. Particularly, Althusser’s concepts of ideology – repressive and ideological state apparatuses, and Michel Foucault’s idea of discourse and power have been used as theoretical tools for the analysis of the text. This study provides a new insight to see and understand the plights of the people at the margin from a new perspective; and to realize about the importance of marginalized cultures. Innocent Limbu people go through sufferings of illiteracy, poverty and difficulties due to the mono-cultural values and mono-lingual education system of state power which are effectively practiced by the means of both repressive and ideological apparatuses.
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Akturk, Sener. „Persistence of the IslamicMilletas an Ottoman Legacy: Mono-Religious and Anti-Ethnic Definition of Turkish Nationhood“. Middle Eastern Studies 45, Nr. 6 (November 2009): 893–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263200903294229.
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UTAKA, Yushi. „SOCIO-CULTURAL RELATIONS AND SPATIAL COMPOSITIONS ON THE MULTI-ETHNIC REGION AND MONO-ETHNIC VILLAGE : Multi-ethnicity and the human settlement planning, Malaysia Part 2“. Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 63, Nr. 511 (1998): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.63.139_2.
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Karić, Tijana, und Vladimir Mihić. „CONSTRUING RECONCILIATION – LAY PEOPLE DEFINITIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH“. Primenjena psihologija 13, Nr. 2 (09.07.2020): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2020.2.211-242.
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To define intergroup reconciliation is still a dynamic topic in social-psychological research, and lay people are seldom included in the study. Given that post-conflict processes in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina are still marked by ethnic divisions, the main aim of our research has been to explore how Serbs and Bosniaks define reconciliation. We applied focus groups methodology to investigate this question. Eight mono-ethnic focus groups were conducted with Serbs and Bosniaks, in Sarajevo and Banja Luka. 56 people participated in total. The results showed that both groups defined reconciliation in terms of accepting the outgroup, achieving ordinary life and political reconciliation. However, groups differed in certain definitions. Bosniaks conceptualized reconciliation as facing the past, resolving past issues, economic sustainability, and future orientation. Parts of definition provided mostly by Serbs included cooperation, respect, understanding, and building relationships. Results were discussed in the light of available reconciliation literature, as well as collective narratives about 1990s war.
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Weiss, Srdjan Jovanović. „National, un-national“. Nationalities Papers 41, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2012.748735.
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This chapter discusses urban developments in two major cities in Serbia, Belgrade and Novi Sad, influenced by the Balkan political crisis of the 1990s. Belgrade is the national capital of Serbia, with a dominantly Serbian population. Novi Sad is the capital of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, and home to a population of more than 20 different ethnicities. The seemingly bipolar relationship between these two cities started to emerge during the fall of Yugoslavia and has intensified during the subsequent shrinkage of the country into the current state of Serbia. The effects of war as well as migration have left their mark on the urban situation of both cities. Both cities are not old by European standards, Belgrade emerging before the rise of the Ottoman Empire and Novi Sad being a product of the eighteenth century and the rise of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. These two cities traditionally vary in size and ethnic make up from almost mono-ethnic Belgrade to multi-ethnic Novi Sad. This paper will explore the idea that national capitals such as Belgrade can give rise to “un-national capitals” such as Novi Sad. This will be viewed through a lens of the role of architecture and design in affecting the realities of both cities.
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Kaziev, Sattar S., Marina V. Mogunova und Sergey V. Mogunov. „Межэтнические браки в среде городских русских и казахов Северного Казахстана“. Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 51, Nr. 3 (20.09.2020): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2020-51-3/136-152.
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The article discusses the main trends in the marriage relations between urban Kazakhs and Russians in the North Kazakhstan region in the period between 1996 and 2016. The authors aim not only to show the quantitative changes taking place in the field of family and marriage, but also to analyze the main factors that affect the overall development of inter-ethnic marriages. Inter-ethnic marriages are relevant predictors of the inter-ethnic relations in general and allow to assess the existing ethno-cultural distances. In this regard, the main attention was paid to marriages between Kazakhs and Russians of the region. The research was based on the materials of the City Civil Registry Office as well as on the ethno-sociological surveys. A comparative analysis of the development of family and marriage relations in other regions of Kazakhstan was made based on data from published literature. The study of inter-ethnic marriages between 1996 and 2016 revealed an obvious positive shift in the attitudes both among local Kazakhs and Russians. This is largely due to the accelerated urbanization of the Kazakh population and the widespread system of European social attitudes, including individualization of conscience and the prevalence of the egalitarian family. Based on empirical data, further increase in the number of marriages of Kazakhs and Russians in the region is predicted. Despite the fact that the main share of marriages is currently mono-ethnic marriages, an ethno-sociological survey in April 2020 revealed a tolerant attitude of the majority of Kazakh and Russian youth to the idea of creating a family with representatives of another ethnic group. The study also demonstrated that in Northern Kazakhstan, the two leading ethnic groups avoided the scenario of "communization" and turned out to be "open" in inter-ethnic relations, and in future, this can level out ethno-cultural differences and block inter-group conflicts. This trend has been identified so far at the local level and contrasts with the trends of family and marriage relations in the southern region, which show the rigidity of inter-ethnic "partitions" and the strength of traditional attitudes.
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Baryshnikov, Anton V. „RUSSIAN PEASANTRY IN THE MULTI-ETHNIC SPACE OF THE «UDMURT UYEZDS» OF THE KAMA-VYATKA REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (migration and demographic processes, inter-ethnic relations)“. Historical Search 2, Nr. 2 (25.06.2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-2-85-93.
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The article deals with the issues of the settlement of the Russian peasantry, demographic processes, certain aspects of interaction and mutual influence of ethnic groups’ cultures in the multi-ethnic space of the «Udmurt uyezds» of the Kama-Vyatka region in the post-reform period. The Russian peasantry settled on the designated territory for a long period and with varying degrees of intensity. The pacemaker process before the Great Reforms of Alexander II was migration from various Russian regions. In the second half of the XIX century, the priority direction was the process of internal migration. The Russians are becoming a numerically predominant ethnic group in the «Udmurt uyezds». In Glazovsky Uyezd, the increase in the number of Russian peasants was associated with the formation of settlements around mining and metallurgical enterprises. As a result, their population became mono-ethnic. In Sarapul uyezd, the main part of the settlements was formed in the second half of the XVIII – early XIX centuries. In the second half of the XIX century, there was a change in the ethnic composition of individual villages. The Russian newly-arrived peasantry more often settled in the already existing Udmurt small settlements and villages. There are cases of Russian peasants ousting representatives of other ethnic groups from the territories they inhabited. Similar trends can be traced in Malmyzh district. Based on the actual material of this uyezd, the reasons for the contradictions that arise between different ethnic groups are viewed. Most often, they occurred in the field of farming, which is characterized by technological techniques, established community traditions and ethno-confessional commitments. In Yelabuga uyezd, in contrast to Malmyzh uyezd, the process of cultures’ mutual influence developed widely. A joint good-neighborly settlement of the Russian, Udmurt, and Mari peasantry brought fruitful results in the exchange of agricultural experience and technological techniques in craftsman enterprises. Moreover, heterogeneous marriages often occurred here, which intensified interaction of ethnic traditions. Cases of indigenous population displacement by migrants were rather an exception. The dynamics of interethnic relations development in uyezds had its own peculiarities, however in the Kama-Vyatka region in the post-reform period, it can be described as moderately good-neighborly. Peasants of various ethnic groups exchanged economic and cultural experience.
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Sukhorukov, Ivan S. „Motivational and evaluative characteristics of the differentiation of “friends” and “aliens” in a multiethnic teenage environment“. Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 26, Nr. 4 (24.02.2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-4-14-24.
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The author of the article refers to the socio-psychological analysis of the motivational and evaluative foundations of differentiation by adolescents of “ours” and “strangers” in the modern multi-ethnic sociocultural environment. The strengthening of migration flows creates a special socio-cultural situation in Russia, when there are practically no mono-ethnic regions left and adolescents have to integrate into a multicultural, multi-ethnic environment. Thus, socialisation carries potential risks and threats associated with rejection of “others”, their alienation, the growth of nationalism, xenophobia, racial and religious intolerance among adolescents and youth. The author cites the results of his own research on social distance among adolescents in relation to the socio-demographic situation in Central Russia and reflects on the possibilities of anticipating the development of a negative attitude of adolescents towards representatives of “other” peoples and cultures. The article presents the results of an empirical socio-psychological research, in the course of which the motives of differentiation by adolescents of “ours” and “strangers”, the real problems of building social communications in adolescents and youth were analysed. Using a representative sample, the author shows the grounds that adolescents name the motivational base of social differentiation, the differences between such motives among Russian, Belarusian and Armenian adolescents. The author pays special attention to the need for competent socio-psychological support of the process of ethnic socialisation of adolescents in a multi-ethnic environment, the use of the socialising potential of reference adolescent and youth communities, the activation of the involvement of school and family in ensuring the formation of the ethnocultural identity of modern adolescents.
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Smolicz, J. J. „The Mono‐ethnic Tradition and the Education of Minority Youth in West Germany from an Australian Multicultural Perspective“. Comparative Education 26, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305006900260104.
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Iagafova, Ekaterina Andreevna. „«I have preserved my homeland, and here I am, like in my homeland»: features of ethnocultural identification and sociocultural integration of Samara Tajiks“. Samara Journal of Science 8, Nr. 4 (29.11.2019): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201984220.
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The paper presents the study results of the Tajik diaspora in Samara Region. The features of ethnic identification and socio-cultural adaptation of the community members were identified. The study is based on the materials from a field survey conducted in the region in 2018-2019, using qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative methods (questionnaires). The methodology of the paper is based on theoretical and methodological developments in the field of diasporal research. The main factors of ethnocultural identification of Samara Tajiks are the language, community of origin and elements of ethnic culture represented in family-kinship communication, as well as in the public space of the region. Ethnic (Tajik) priorities in the construction of sociocultural space provide the functionality and reproduction of the cultural and linguistic characteristics of community members and determine the tendency to interethnic isolation. At the same time, contacts with the surrounding multiethnic population and the orientation towards integration into the local environment (to get education, citizenship, work, arrange living) destroy mono-ethnicity of Samara Tajiks social ties, primarily those of the young generation born in Russia. The study showed that the strategy of socio-cultural integration of Samara Tajiks is based on the preservation of ethnocultural identity, on the one hand, and the perception of the social characteristics of the host community, on the other.
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Bondarenko, Viktor. „Cyber security: the role of the state in protecting society and individual personality in maintaining interethnic peace“. Public administration aspects 8, Nr. 1 SI (05.07.2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152031.
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Cybersecurity, cyberwarfare, information wars, cyber defense, cyberspace - concepts that have recently increasingly filled the space around everyone. More and more often we hear these words, more and more often they play an important role. The role of the state in the protection of the national social space, the protection of the individual in this information confrontation is also growing. Equally important in our fleeting world is the growing problem of protecting interethnic peace in the country, and especially in such polyethnic states as Ukraine. Nowadays, even relatively mono-ethnic states, due to active migration processes and significant economic changes, have to deal with the security of the interethnic space. After all, the security of the information space is now, without a doubt, also the security of the state.
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OMENKA, NICHOLAS IBEAWUCHI. „BLAMING THE GODS: CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS PROPAGANDA IN THE NIGERIA–BIAFRA WAR“. Journal of African History 51, Nr. 3 (November 2010): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000460.
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ABSTRACTThe consensus among many analysts of the Nigeria–Biafra War is that the conflict cannot be reduced to a mono-causal explanation. The tragedy that befell the West African country from 1966 to 1970 was a combination of many factors, which were political, ethnic, religious, social, and economic in nature. Yet the conflict was unduly cast as a religious war between Christians and Muslims. Utilizing newly available archival materials from within and outside Nigeria, this article endeavours to unravel the underlying forces in the religious war rhetoric of the mainly Christian breakaway region and its Western sympathizers. Among other things, it demonstrates that, while the religious war proposition was good for the relief efforts of the international humanitarian organizations, it inevitably alienated the Nigerian Christians and made them unsympathetic to the Biafran cause.
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Schulze, Ilona. „Minderheiten in Armenien: Anmerkungen zum Problem ihrer Dokumentation“. IRAN and the CAUCASUS 18, Nr. 1 (2014): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20140102.
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The article addresses both theoretical and methodological issues related to the documentation of ethnic minorities in present-day Armenia. Normally, Armenia is regarded as a prototypical example for a statehood that is marked for a homogenous ethnic composition. In fact, social groups typically referred to as ‘minorities’ constitute only some 2% of the total population. The minority map of Armenia includes fourteen groups two of which (Tats and Udis) represent migrants and refugees from Azerbaijan having arrived in Armenia as late as 1990. The documentation of the minorities in Armenia calls for a reconsideration of parameters of ethnicity and for the corresponding adjustment of methodology and descriptive patterns reflecting the peculiarities of ethnicity in Armenia. Most importantly, we cannot apply a unified, mono-dimensional perspective starting, e.g., from a parameter, such as ‘language’. Rather, we have to set up a weighted network of parameters that include both sociocultural and sociolinguistic features. The paper briefly illustrates this point with the help of preliminary data stemming from fieldwork related to the project “Minorities of Armenia: A Sociocultural and Sociolinguistic Survey”. It will be argued that the social construction of collective identity and ethnicity is controlled by both tendencies of growing self-awareness and likewise trends toward transcultural processes present especially in the diatopic and diastratic periphery of the given minorities.
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Gritsenko, V. V., L. V. Ostapenko und I. A. Subbotina. „The Importance of Civil, Ethnic and Regional Identity for Residents from Small Russian Towns and its Determinants“. Social Psychology and Society 11, Nr. 4 (2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110412.
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Objective. The objective of the study is to analyze the subjective significance attached by residents of small towns to civil, ethnic and regional identities and to identify its determinants. Background. The growth of uncertainty and social and economic instability in society actualize the processes in the social identification of the person. Under these conditions the study of civic, ethnic and regional identities of residents from provincial towns in the Russian Federation as an important resource for group solidarity is of particular importance. Study design. The authors rely on H. Tajfel and J. Turner’s theory of social identity. We conducted a survey among residents in the town Belev, Tula region, and the town Staritsa, Tver region, characterized by mono-ethnicity, negative demographic dynamics, remoteness from the capital and its regional centers. Participants. The study involved 600 ethnic Russians (50.8% women). The quota sample in both towns included three age groups: 16—29 years old, 30—49 years old, 50 and older, each group included 100 people. Measurements. The questionnaire was developed and tested at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. The questions are aimed at determining the identification degree of respondents with various social groups, as well as assessing satisfaction with various aspects of life and confidence in their own future and the future of their town. For data processing we used methods of descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, multiple regression analysis, SPSS 18.0. Results. We have found high rates of subjective significance of civic, ethnic and regional identities for respondents. Moreover residents of small towns identify themselves more with representatives of their folk, less with residents of their town/region and even less with citizens of their country. The determinants of the subjective significance in the investigated types of identity for old people are satisfaction with various aspects of life, while residents in town Belev have unlimited love for their native town, pride and faith in its future prosperity. Conclusions. The study showed that residents of small towns are looking for reliance, support and protection, primarily in identification with their ethnic group. The resource for maintaining positive self-determination is also regional identity. Moreover regional identity in this case plays an important consolidating role acting as a mechanism for the social integration of civil society.
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Selvarajah, Christopher, und Denny Meyer. „Archetypes of the Malaysian manager: Exploring ethnicity dimensions that relate to leadership“. Journal of Management & Organization 12, Nr. 3 (November 2006): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200003990.
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ABSTRACTThis paper extends the boundaries of theories in leadership studies to sub-cultures of a country. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the concept of an excellent leader and ethnicity in a multicultural society while formulating ten underlying dimensions for this concept. Data on leadership behaviour were gathered from 292 managers in Malaysia and were subjected to factor analysis, MANOVA analysis, regression analysis and structural equation modelling. The results suggest that, in Malaysia, strategic orientation acts through operational behaviours, producing excellence in leadership. However, the study demonstrates that there are significant ethnic differences in regard to the dimensions that relate to excellence in leadership. Studies such as this are useful in extending the understanding of the dimensions of leadership in pluralistic societies where the cultural frameworks of workers may not be the same. Most studies have looked at the leader from a mono-cultural perspective and this study addresses this deficit.
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Pan Ké Shon, Jean-Louis, und Gregory Verdugo. „Forty years of immigrant segregation in France, 1968–2007. How different is the new immigration?“ Urban Studies 52, Nr. 5 (22.04.2014): 823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098014529343.
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Analysing restricted access census data, this paper examines the long-term trends of immigrant segregation in France from 1968 to 2007. Similarly to other European countries, France experienced a rise in the proportion of immigrants in its population that was characterised by a new predominance of non-European immigration. Despite this, average segregation levels remained moderate. While the number of immigrant enclaves increased, particularly during the 2000s, the average concentration for most groups decreased because of a reduction of heavily concentrated census tracts, and census tracts with few immigrants. Contradicting frequent assertions, neither mono-ethnic census tracts nor ghettos exist in France. By contrast, many immigrants live in census tracts characterised by a low proportion of immigrants from their own group and from all origins. A long residential period in France is correlated with lower concentrations and proportion of immigrants in the census tract for most groups, though these effects are sometimes modest.
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Selvarajah, Christopher, und Denny Meyer. „Archetypes of the Malaysian manager: Exploring ethnicity dimensions that relate to leadership“. Journal of Management & Organization 12, Nr. 3 (November 2006): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2006.12.3.251.
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ABSTRACTThis paper extends the boundaries of theories in leadership studies to sub-cultures of a country. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the concept of an excellent leader and ethnicity in a multicultural society while formulating ten underlying dimensions for this concept. Data on leadership behaviour were gathered from 292 managers in Malaysia and were subjected to factor analysis, MANOVA analysis, regression analysis and structural equation modelling. The results suggest that, in Malaysia, strategic orientation acts through operational behaviours, producing excellence in leadership. However, the study demonstrates that there are significant ethnic differences in regard to the dimensions that relate to excellence in leadership. Studies such as this are useful in extending the understanding of the dimensions of leadership in pluralistic societies where the cultural frameworks of workers may not be the same. Most studies have looked at the leader from a mono-cultural perspective and this study addresses this deficit.
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Mucaj, Avdylkader. „The Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office Paradox“. International Criminal Law Review 21, Nr. 2 (05.02.2021): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10042.
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Abstract In August 2015 the Assembly of Kosovo, following an international request, passed constitutional amendments and the Law on Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office [‘the Law’], marking the legal foundation of the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and the Specialist Prosecutor’s Office (‘the Specialist Chambers’). However, what has sparked widespread reaction in Kosovo is the narrow jurisdiction of the Specialist Chambers. Therefore, this article argues first that the Specialist Chambers have mono-ethnic jurisdiction, being charged with investigating and prosecuting only one warring party and effectively granting an amnesty to the other. Next it will be argued that the current jurisdiction of the Specialist Chambers ought to be extended to cover all mass atrocities committed during and after the Kosovo war by all warring parties. Finally, the article briefly discusses the indictment against the President of Kosovo, Hashim Thaçi, and others vis-á-vis the rejection of the main allegation of the Marty Report, on organ trafficking.
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Popova, Elena V., Irina A. Khomyakova, Lyudmila V. Zadorozhnaya, El’vira A. Bondareva, Lkhagvasuren Gundegmaa und Galsanjav Otgon. „Morphofunctional Characteristics of Freestyle Wrestlers Belonging to Related Ethnic Groups from South Siberia and Central Asia“. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Nr. 4 (15.11.2020): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z031.
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Studies on the differences in the morphological characteristics of freestyle wrestlers belonging to related ethnic groups from South Siberia and Central Asia have not been previously conducted. This research aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the anthropometric and functional characteristics of freestyle wrestlers from two mono-ethnic samples: the Altaians and the Mongols. A total of 99 freestyle wrestlers were examined (mean age 25.0 ± 2.6 years). The anthropometric survey included measuring longitudinal (body length and length of segments), transverse (shoulder and pelvis width, transverse and sagittal diameters of the chest), circumferential (trunk and limb circumference) parameters, as well as body weight and skinfold thickness on the trunk and limbs. Body composition was determined by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (ABC-02 MEDASS, Russia). During the stratification of athletes by the total body measures (weight and height), we identified anthropometric differences that can be either interethnic or those formed under the influence of targeted selection. The comparative analysis of anthropometric features of the longitudinal and transverse development of the skeleton allows us to suggest that the high values of the transverse diameter of the chest as well as relatively long legs and short arms typical of the Altaians are preserved by sports selection and are manifested in a wide range of height and weight values. The greatest variability is characteristic of the body’s fat component. Within the normal body length/weight ratio (body mass index ranging between 22.0 and 24.9 kg/m2), Altaian athletes showed greater fat mass but lower level of subcutaneous fat deposition compared to Mongolian wrestlers with the same body weight.
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Smirnova, K. V., N. B. Senyuta, I. V. Botezatu, T. E. Dushenkina, A. K. Lubenskaya, A. A. Frolovskaya, S. V. Petrov, A. V. Lichtenstein und V. E. Gurtsevitch. „Epstein–Barr virus in the ethnic Tatars population: the infection and sequence variants of LMP1 oncogene“. Advances in molecular oncology 5, Nr. 3 (10.11.2018): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2313-805x-2018-5-3-65-74.
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Objective of the investigation was to study the infection of ethnic Tatars with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and to analyze the genetic structure of the oncogene of the virus, the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), in the virus strains of Tatar origin. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were samples of boucle flushes of 60 students from the Kazan State Medical University who are ethnic Tatars (Tatars no less than in the 3rd generation). Amplified from DNA of boucle flushes the nucleotide sequences of the LMP1 samples translated into DNA amino acid sequences, have undergone classification based on the well-known and widely used in literature the R.H. Edwards et al. classification. Results. The analysis of nucleotide and deductive amino acid sequences of the 41 LMP1 amplicons revealed their homology with only three gene variants from the R.H. Edwards et al. classification (1999): 95.8/A (29.3 %; 12/41), Med– (14.6 %; 6/41) and China1 (7.3 %, 3/41). Such variants of LMP1 as Alaskan, Med+, Chinа2, China3 and NC, were not found. Among the LMP1 samples of Tatar origin in 20 cases (48.8 %), the composition of the mutations found did not allow them to be assigned to any of the oncogene variants listed above. Out of this number, in 7 (17.1 %) cases a mono group of LMP1 samples was found, differing not only from representatives of the Slavs, inhabitants of the European part of Russia, but also from other Kazan samples, and was designated as LMP1-TatK. The remaining 13 samples of LMP1 (31.7 %), not belonging to any of the known classifications, formed the group designated by us as an LMP1 group beside the classification (LMP1BC). Conclusion. Continuation of the study of the molecular-biological and functional properties of LMP1 in TatK and BC groups, which constitute 48.8 % of the number of gene samples studied, and an analysis of the peculiarities of the ethnic Tatar genotype, will probably help to clarify whether certain EBV strains influence morbidity and mortality in Tatar population with malignant neoplasms, which include EBVassociated cases.
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Bando, Hideaki, Wataru Okamoto, Takafumi Fukui, Takeharu Yamanaka, Kiwamu Akagi und Takayuki Yoshino. „Clinical utility of quasimonomorphic variation range (QMVR) on the determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) status in Japanese patients (pts) with colorectal cancer (CRC): GI-SCREEN-CRC-MSI sub-study 01.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2017): TPS808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.tps808.
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TPS808 Background: The current analysis for the determination of Microsatellite Instability (MSI) status in tumor requires matched normal DNA as a reference. The Promega MSI panel included five monomorphic markers (NR-21, BAT-26, BAT-25, NR-24, and MONO-27) which were known to have few variant alleles in Caucasian as well as Japanese. Therefore, these markers might be able to determine the MSI status without matched normal DNA, although it is conceivable that Quasi-Monomorphic Variation Range (QMVR) in each ethnic group could be different. In our pilot study, the QMVR in 149 Japanese healthy individuals were 98.4-104.4 base pair (bp) in NR-21, 111.4-117.4 bp in BAT-26, 121.0-127.0 bp in BAT-25, 129.5-135.5 bp in NR-24, and 149.9-155.9 bp in MONO-27, respectively. Methods: This clinical evaluation study is to establish the QMVR in Japanese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (pts) and to evaluate the clinical utility of the QMVR on the determination of MSI status without matched normal DNA. The primary endpoint is the concordance of MSI status between the standard method using DNA from tumor plus matched normal samples and testing method using DNA from only tumor samples. The new MSI kits including the Promega MSI panel were manufactured under the Quality Management System (QMS) for in vitro diagnostics (IVDs). As the decision algorithm, tumors exhibiting 2 or more markers outside the QMVR were classified as MSI-High, cases with 1 marker outside the QMVR were classified as MSI-Low, and those without any marker outside the QMVRs were classified as microsatellite stable (MSS). Planned enrollment will be 400 pts. Clinical trial information: UMIN000024144.
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Damanik, Erond Litno. „WHATSAPP DAN PEMILIH PEMULA DI KOTA MEDAN: Partisipasi Politik Era Demokrasi Digital pada Pemilihan Gubernur Provinsi Sumatera Utara 2018“. Journal of Society & Media 2, Nr. 2 (29.10.2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v2n2.p81-103.
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This article discusses the political participation of new voters of WhatsApp users in the city of Medan in the governor election of Sumatra Province in 2018. The purpose of the study was to find out about the understanding of democracy and the level of political participation of new voters who use WhatsApp social media as a political discussion. Beginner voters are defined as community members who have the right to vote, aged 17-21 years or have/have been married and registered as a Permanent Voter List. In order to approach the research problem, this study uses the theory of public sphere and contagion. Public sphere is a digital space where critical, rational and objective discussion is transmitted to others. The problem in this study focused on how political participation of new voters who use WhatsApp in city of Medan in North Sumatra gubernatorial election 2018?. Can WhatsApp social media be considered a public sphere in the digital age? The results of the study show that the political participation of new voters of WhatsApp users has increased significantly but the understanding of democracy is co-opted in the politics of identity. Digital democracy is castrated by politics of identity because of the social situation, family environment, relatives and peers, the influence of the pulpit and the religious scriptures and ethnic communities. Then, WhatsApp social media is not a public sphere but 'mono sphere' or 'solo sphere' which is privatized as a limited discussion room with family, relatives, peers, friends of religion and ethnic friends.
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Magomedhanov, Magomedhan M., und Alexander N. Sadovoy. „ETHNOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEPOPULATION OF MOUNTAIN TERRITORIES: DAGESTAN AND NORTH OSSETIA“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch172507-522.
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Unlike the transboundary regions of Mountain ecosystems in Europe (Alps) with high population density and the integration of the rural economy into the regional and World markets, most of the Mountainous regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by the stability of traditional forms of nature management and life support, which determine, on the one hand, natural (or "old") distinctiveness of the economy of rural enclaves and, on the other hand, the preservation of social institutions based on family and relative ties, the solidarity of fellow villagers, on the cohesion of the rural community and the viability of traditional culture and ethnic identification.
Regarding the general trends and consequences of the migration of inhabitants of Mountainous regions of Dagestan and North Ossetia to the lowland, it can be concluded that the prospects of ethnocultural dynamics in these republics are determined not only by the factors of urbanization, the growth of the absolute number and proportion of the population of predominantly Russian-speaking lowland urban and rural settlements and by the functional stagnation of local languages, but also by the demographic depression, depopulation of Mountainous territories, the gradual disappearance of Mountain villages, which can be considered almost the only mono-ethnic enclaves and social environments that ensure the reproduction of ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural identity in generations. In this regard, the importance of regional and federal social policy courses aimed at sustainable socio-economic and environmental development of Mountainous territories, preserving their demographic potential and ethnocultural particularities is emphasized.
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Puljek-Shank, Randall, und Willemijn Verkoren. „Civil society in a divided society: Linking legitimacy and ethnicness of civil society organizations in Bosnia-Herzegovina“. Cooperation and Conflict 52, Nr. 2 (24.10.2016): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836716673088.
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Civil society (CS) strengthening is central to peacebuilding policies for divided, post-war societies. However, it has been criticized for creating internationalized organizations without local backing, unable to represent citizens’ interests. Based on in-depth empirical research in Bosnia-Herzegovina, this article focuses on the legitimacy of CS organizations (CSOs). It explores why legitimacy for donors rarely accompanies legitimacy for local actors. We hypothesized that whilst donors avoid supporting mono-ethnic organizations, seen as problematic for peacebuilding, ‘ethnicness’ may provide local legitimacy. However, our analysis of CSOs’ ethnicness nuances research characterizing organizations as either inclusive or divisive. Moreover, local legitimacy is not based on ethnicness per se, but CSOs’ ability to skilfully interact with ethnically divided constituencies and political structures. In addition, we offer novel explanations why few organizations enjoy both donor and local legitimacy, including local mistrust of donors’ normative frameworks and perceived lack of results. However, we also show that a combination of local and donor legitimacy is possible, and explore this rare but interesting category of organizations.
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Momoki, Shiro. „INTRODUCTION TO “THE FORMATION OF A JAPANOCENTRIC WORLD ORDER”“. International Journal of Asian Studies 2, Nr. 2 (30.06.2005): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591405000082.
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Traditionally, East Asians have tended to hold a strong national, or state-centric, view. In the modern university system established in the Meiji period in Japan, Japanese history was defined as National History, and strictly differentiated from Asian history, as National (i.e. Japanese) literature was differentiated from Chinese literature. Imperial Japan used the theory of expansionism to justify its hegemony in Asia, but that theory collapsed with the close of World War II. Political complications, furthermore, made it difficult for Japanese historians to have contacts with their fellow Asian scholars. Under these circumstances the tradition of National History was reinforced among the academic circle of Japanese historians. Predominant in this version of Japanese history was the image of early modern Japan as a self-contained, “mono-ethnic” state, in “sea-locked isolation”, and the Tokugawa bakufu's sakoku (national seclusion) policy was the symbol of that isolation. Internationally renowned studies on Japan's foreign relations by scholars such as Kobata Atsushi and Iwao Seiichi did not attract much attention in Japan.
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Zota, Ami R., Ruth J. Geller, Brianna N. VanNoy, Cherie Q. Marfori, Sana Tabbara, Lisa Y. Hu, Andrea A. Baccarelli und Gaby N. Moawad. „Phthalate Exposures and MicroRNA Expression in Uterine Fibroids: The FORGE Study“. Epigenetics Insights 13 (Januar 2020): 251686572090405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516865720904057.
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Phthalates are associated with multiple, adverse reproductive outcomes including increased risk of uterine leiomyoma (fibroids). Phthalates can interact with epigenetic modifications including microRNAs (miRNAs), which help regulate processes crucial to fibroid pathogenesis. However, no prior study has examined the influence of phthalates on miRNA expression in fibroid tumors. We conducted a preliminary, cross-sectional study to examine the associations between phthalate exposures and miRNA expression levels in fibroid tumors and to explore potential effect modification by race/ethnicity. We quantified expression levels of 754 miRNAs in fibroid tumor samples and analyzed spot urine samples for phthalate metabolites collected from 45 pre-menopausal women undergoing surgery for fibroid treatment at an academic hospital. Associations between miRNA levels in fibroids and phthalate biomarkers were evaluated using linear regression adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Statistical tests were adjusted for multiple comparisons. We also performed in silico Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify the biological pathways that are regulated by phthalate-associated miRNAs. Mono-hydroxybutyl phthalate and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate were positively associated with miR-10a-5p (β = 0.76, 95% CI = [0.40, 1.11]) and miR-577 (β = 1.06, 95% CI = [0.53, 1.59]), respectively. A total of 8 phthalate-miRNA associations varied by race/ethnicity (qinteraction < 0.10). Pathway analysis revealed that mRNA gene targets of phthalate-associated miRNAs were significantly associated with multiple fibroid-related processes including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation of connective tissues. Collectively, these data suggest that exposures to some phthalates are associated with miRNA in fibroids, and that associations may vary by race/ethnicity. Validation of these findings may provide insight into mechanisms underlying associations between phthalates and fibroids and contribute to novel hypotheses regarding racial/ethnic disparities in fibroids.
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Eydam, Tanja. „‘So, he is practically a Korean?’: Power relations and re-articulation of the Korean Self in the TV show Non-Summit“. East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 6, Nr. 2 (01.08.2020): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00029_1.
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Korean national identity is defined by nationalist sentiment and a mono-ethnic self-image. Having turned into a migrant-receiving country, Korea is slowly transforming into a multicultural society. The contemporary popularity of television shows with migrant representation reflects this change. The question arises how migrants get depicted in these popular broadcasting shows and what this portrayal of non-Koreans reveals about re-articulations of the Korean Self. As a response to these questions, a critical discourse analysis of Episodes 1 and 103 of the show Non-Summit (Bijeongsang hoedam 2014‐17) is conducted. Corresponding to Koller’s (2011) combined discourse-historical and socio-cognitive approach, macro-, meso- and micro-level are analysed separately. Overall, Non-Summit reproduces Korean discourse on multiculturalism as ‘happy talk’, as the avoidance of in-depth consideration of inequality, the reproduction of ‘western’ norms and the normativity of Koreanness. This results from predominantly selecting Caucasians and constructing them as ‘para-Koreans’ who can then be readily consumed. These practices enable the Korean Self to position itself as analogous to western, modern norms. This positioning mirrors the influence of ‘nouveau-riche nationalism’ and the Korean ‘will to greatness’. The show further consolidates existing societal norms in Korea (Kang 2017: 14) on four different levels of power relations between Korean producers/writers and migrant population in Korea, non-Korean cast and migrant population in Korea, Korean producers/writers/hosts and non-Korean cast, and Korean viewers and non-Korean cast, and hierarchizes modern and traditional values. Thereby, Non-Summit reproduces the South Korean struggle to reconstruct a homogenous national identity in the face of a rising ethnic diversity within the country.
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Asaturov, Sergey, und Andrei Martynov. „THE RESURGENCE OF NATIONALISM: THE BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA“. EUREKA: Social and Humanities, Nr. 5 (11.10.2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001440.
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The choice between modern nation-building and integration into supranational European and Euro-Atlantic structures remains a strategic challenge for the Balkan countries. Success in solving this problem of predominantly mono-ethnic Croatia and Slovenia has not yet become a model to follow. Serbian and Albanian national issues cannot be resolved. Serbia's defeat in the Balkan wars of 1991–1999 over the creation of a "Greater Serbia" led to the country's territorial fragmentation. Two Albanian national states emerged in the Balkans. Attempts to create a union of Kosovo and Albania could turn the region into a whirlpool of ultra-nationalist contradictions. The European Union has started accession negotiations with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. The success of these negotiations depends on the readiness of the EU and the ability of these Balkan states to adopt European norms and rules. The accession of all Balkan nation-states to the European Union must finally close the "Balkan window" of the vulnerability of the united Europe. Nation-building in the Balkans on the basis of ethnic nationalism sharply contradicts the purpose and current values of the European integration process. For more than three decades, the EU has been pursuing a policy of human rights, the rule of law, democracy and economic development in the Balkans. The region remains vulnerable to the influences of non-European geopolitical powers: the United States, Russia, Turkey, and China. The further scenario of the great Balkan geopolitical game mainly depends on the pro-European national consolidation of the Balkan peoples and the effectiveness of the European Union's strategy in the Balkans.
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Hees, Chi, Hansen, Bourgeois, Vlierberghe, Sersté, Francque et al. „Caucasian Ethnicity, but Not Treatment Cessation is Associated with HBsAg Loss Following Nucleos(t)ide Analogue-Induced HBeAg Seroconversion“. Viruses 11, Nr. 8 (26.07.2019): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11080687.
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It is well appreciated that ethnicity influences the natural history and immune responses during a chronic hepatitis B infection. In this study, we explore the effect of ethnicity and treatment cessation on Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in patients with Nucleos(t)ide Analogue (NA)-induced Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. We performed a multi-ethnic, multicentric observational cohort study. The analyzed cohort consisted of 178 mono-infected, predominantly male (75.3%) chronic hepatitis B patients of mixed ethnicity (44.4% Asians, 48.9% Caucasians) with nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion. Treatment was withdrawn in 105 patients and continued in 73, leading to HBsAg loss in 14 patients off- and 16 patients on-treatment, respectively. Overall, HBsAg loss rates were not affected by treatment cessation (hazard ratio 1.45, p = 0.372), regardless of consolidation treatment duration. Caucasian ethnicity was associated with an increased chance of HBsAg loss (hazard ratio 6.70, p = 0.001), but hepatitis B virus genotype was not (p = 0.812). In conclusion, ethnicity is the most important determinant for HBsAg loss after NA-induced HBeAg seroconversion, with up to six-fold higher HBsAg loss rates in Caucasians compared to Asians, irrespective of treatment cessation and consolidation treatment duration.
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Xia, Hongmei, Tong Chen und Guanghui Hou. „Study on Collaboration Intentions and Behaviors of Public Participation in the Inheritance of ICH Based on an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (26.05.2020): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114349.
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Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is reported to be disappearing rapidly. Collaboration among different persons is critical to the preservation of ICH inheritance. Previous studies have focused mainly on the inheritance of ICH from the individual perspective, while ignoring the perspective of multi-subject collaboration. For this study, we developed and applied an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the effectiveness of the intentions and behaviors of public participation in the inheritance of ICH during the collaboration process in the inheritance of Regong art in Qinghai Province, China. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the strength of relationships among constructs, and a questionnaire (completed by 351 residents) was used to collect data. The results show that this extended theory of planned behavior can be applied in the evaluation of the collaboration process in the inheritance of ICH. We also introduce a novel construct to the TPB, ‘shared religious beliefs’, defined as uniformity of religion within a social group (in this case, an ethnic minority group), that is, a mono-religious community. Our results show that this construct has a significantly positive effect on collaboration intention among the general public.