Dissertationen zum Thema „Molécules chimiques“
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Durand, Sébastien. „Développement de molécules chimiques capables d’inhiber l’épissage et le Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD)“. Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRNA splicing involves the processing of pre-messenger RNA molecules by the excision of introns and the precise joining of exons to form the mature messenger RNA that is exported from the nucleus for translation. Exon usage is often alternative, i. E. The cell decides whether to remove a part of the pre-mRNA as an intron or include this part in the mature mRNA as an alternative exon. Alternative splicing is therefore, a genetically economical process that enables a single gene to increase its coding capacity, allowing the synthesis of several structurally and functionally distinct protein isoforms. To avoid accumulation of aberrantly spliced mRNAs, several quality control processes determine the fate of mRNA in the cell. Among these processes, Nonsense-Mediated mRNA decay (NMD), is able to degrade mRNA containing premature termination codons (PTCs), preventing accumulation of truncated with deleterious effects for the cell. As central mechanisms controlling gene expression any disturbance of either splicing or NMD can lead to genetic diseases. Indeed, the numbers of diseases shown to be caused by a defect in pre-mRNA splicing or NMD is rapidly growing. For example, in ataxia telengectasia or type I neurofibromatosis, 54% of disease-inducing mutations affect mRNA splicing. Moreover, one third of acquired and inherited pathologies are due to nonsense creation that elicits NMD. Consequently, mRNA splicing and NMD represent a potential targets for new therapeutic strategies. During this thesis, we have screened a small chemical library to find splicing and NMD inhibitors. We have identified some molecules that modulate mRNA splicing efficiency by affecting SR proteins activity. We have also isolated the first specific inhibitor of NMD that blocks hUpf1 functions. These compounds allowed us to decipher splicing and NMD mechanisms and to propose a new model to describe the NMD-subjected mRNP transit trough the processing-Bodies. The next challenge will be to demonstrate the functional utility of these molecules in preclinical models of human disease
Taboureau, Olivier. „Bioinformatique et drug design : contribution à l'exploitation de grandes bases de données chimiques“. Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaraviras, Stavros. „Évaluation de la diversité moléculaire des bases de données de molécules à intérêt pharmaceutique, en utilisant la théorie des graphes chimiques“. Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5472.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKlotz, Alain. „Contribution à l'astrochimie des molécules organométalliques dans les milieux interstellaires et circumstellaires : approches théoriques et expérimentales“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSarrauste, de Menthière Cyril. „Etudes physico-chimiques du glucagon-like peptide-1 et de son récepteur. Optique d'une nouvelle thérapeutique pour le diabète de type II“. Montpellier 1, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003484.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVias, Thierry. „Détermination des constantes de vitesse des réactions du carbone atomique avec plusieurs molécules oxydantes à 300 K“. Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10508.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMérawa, Mohammadou. „Etude des propriétés électriques des molécules à partir d'une méthode invariante de jauge : application à la détermination des polarisabilités et des hyperpolarisabilités dynamiques de systèmes simples“. Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoorkia, Satchin. „Spectroscopie et dynamique de réactions chimiques préparées dans les complexes de Van der Waals“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransition metal elements have d valence electrons and are characterized by a great variety of electronic configurations responsible for their specific reactivity. The elements of the second row in particular have 4d and 5s atomic orbitals of similar size and energy which can be both involved in chemical processes. We have been interested in the reactivity of a transition metal element, zirconium, combined with a simple organic functionalized molecule in a van der Waals complex formed in a supersonic molecular beam in the model reaction Zr + CH3F. In this context, one of the chemicals reactions that we are interested in leads to the formation of ZrF. The electronic spectroscopy of ZrF in the spectral domain 400 – 470 nm is extremely rich and surprising for a diatomic molecule. With this study, we have been able to identify the ground state of ZrF (X2) by simulating the observed rotational structures and obtain essential information on the electronic structure. These experimental results are in agreement with ab initio calculations. The excited states of the complex Zr. . . F-CH3 have been studied with a depopulation method. The spectral domain 615 – 700 nm is particularly interesting because it reveals a group of diffuse bands red-shifted and broadened with respect to the transition z3F←a3F in the metal. This transition is forbidden from the ground state a3F2 of zirconium but allowed from the a3F4 state. Complexation of the metal atom with a CH3F molecule allows coupling of these two states to occur which ensures the optical transition from the ground state of the complex
Guennou, de Cadenet Karine. „Etude de l'activation des liaisons carbone-fluor par des complexes du fer (i) - fonctionnalisation de molécules perfluorees par les métaux de transition induite par addition de nucléophiles“. Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLakard, Boris. „Etude de molécules aminées bi- ou trifonctionnelles par électrochimie, spectroscopie et modélisation quantique : Application à l'élaboration de capteurs chimiques et biochimique“. Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter we found a new electrochemical way to synthesize thin films of polyethylenimine and polypropylenimine at electrode surfaces, we have realized a detailed electrochemical study of these reactions and we have characterized polymers obtained by electrochemical oxidation using various spectroscopies and microscopies (SEM, AFM, Raman, IR, XPS). Then we have determinated electropolymerization mechanisms using ab initio calculations. And finally, we have developed applications of these electrosynthesized polymers in the field of chemical sensors (pH sensors) and biochemical sensors (for the urea detection)
Messina, Pierluca. „étude du métabolisme oxydatif de complexes ferrocifènes et première approche électrochimique de la vectorisation de ces molécules à travers des membranes lipidiques“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066400.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe physicochemical key steps of a drug are concentrated in transformations associated both with its metabolism and with the transportation of the corresponding chemical species inside and outside cells. The work presented in this manuscript addresses this double aspect through electrochemical techniques to explore the oxidation mechanism as well as the membrane crossing of “ferrocifens”. These organometallic complexes which are composed of a ferrocenyl unit linked to a tamoxifen skeleton are promising candidates in the treatment of some cancers. The use of both analytical and preparative electrochemical techniques, combined or not with NMR and EPR, allowed the characterization of the main transient species offering thus new insights into the ferrocifens oxidative metabolism. The transportation of these complexes was first explored with the help of lipid bilayers supported onto electrodes. This revealed partition equilibriums between the lipid phase and the solution depending on the ferrocifens polarities. In a second time, the development of a methodology combining the patch of giant vesicles, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy allowed the detection, in real time, of the passive transport of a ferrocifen complex across a suspended lipid bilayer
Boulho, Romain. „Application de procédés éco-responsables pour l’extraction de molécules de la macroalgue Solieria chordalis, caractérisations chimiques et étude d'activités biologiques“. Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS465/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis has been carried out within the Laboratoire de biotechnologie et Chimie Marines. Theproject is an outcome of the collaboration of two regional companies, Armen Instruments and Newonat with an international research institute, CINVESTAV, Mexico. The red algae, Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) is a proliferative seaweed native in the southern coast of Brittany. Every year, on the Rhuys peninsula in Morbihan, S. chordalis grows abundantly which represents a large amount of biomass, being still unused. The aim of this project, focused on the application of different ecofriendly processes (Supercritical carbon dioxide, Enzymatic Assisted Extraction and Microwave Assisted Extraction) used for the extraction of biocompounds from S. chordalis. Under the first part, the Microwave Assisted Extraction allowed to produce low molecular weight polysaccharide extracts with no cytotoxicity. These extracts showed an improved antiviral efficiency compared to those obtained by the conventional method. The second part focused on the interaction between different processes: Supercritical CO2, Enzymatic Assisted Extraction (EAE) and Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The sequences of the processes allowed to propose a biorefinery perspective. The last part dealt with the optimization of fractionating method by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC). This innovative purification system led to isolate natural compounds such as Mycosporine-like Amino Acids with different properties, which can be valorized in the cosmetic field. This work enriches the knowledge of the seaweed S. chordalis and open a way of upgrading the proliferative biomass on the Brittany coasts
Guy, Julia. „Photochimiothérapie cutanée : Synthèse de deux molécules hybrides "psoralène-lactone" et études physico-chimiques et photochimiques de leurs interactions avec l'ADN“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13172.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhotochemotherapy is the therapeutic use of radiation in combination with a photosensitizing chemical. Psoralens are well-known photosensitizing drugs which have been employed in photomedicine, in association with UVA radiation, to cure a number of hyperproliferative skin disorders. This therapeutic treatment is generally called PUVA, from psoralen plus UVA light. Nevertheless, the existence of some undesired phototoxic side effects limits the therapeutic use of psoralens. In recent years, many psoralen derivatives have been synthesized with the aim of weakening the phototoxicity on skin. Thus, we report the synthesis and the studies of DNA interactions of two psoralen-lactone heterodimers, which are unable to induce skin phototoxicity on mice and show significant antiproliferative activity on three human cancer cell lines. With the aim of understanding the behaviour of both hybrids toward DNA, we have realized physicochemical and photochemical experiments on heterodimers-DNA complexes. We have shown that, in the dark both hybrids are able to intercalate between DNA base pairs and seem to induce DNA bending. After UV radiation, both compounds exhibit a remarkable ability to give rise to cross-links with double stranded DNA
Dridi, Hamida. „Méthodologies pour la réalisation d'un substrat SERS à base de silicium poreux pour la détection de molécules chimiques et biologiques“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis focuses on the realization of SERS substrates (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) for the detection of chemical and biological species. This is to implement the methodologies using as the starting surface of a porous silicon layer and a surface Plasmon effect induced by the presence of a noble metal in general. The specificities of the porous layers which are firstly a nanometer roughness and secondly a porosity and therefore an inner surface have a direct impact on the target molecule detection sensitivity. We have developed in this PhD thesis different substrates development methodologies SERS-based on porous silicon layers. We considered two ways, the first is based on the use of gold nanoparticles in colloidal solution. The second route, more original, uses the deposition of gold by sputtering on a porous layer prepared on the rough side of a silicon wafer. Interesting SERS results regarding the detection of chemical (Rhodamine 6G) and biological (Bovin Serum Albumin) molecules, have been described and explained for considering various solutions to optimize them
Lemaire, Laurine. „Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de la membrane plasmique comme facteurs modulant l'interaction de molécules et des structures protéiques exogènes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2713.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe plasma membrane was often described as a structure delimiting and protecting the cell from its external environment. However, his role is much more complex and multifunctional. The membrane is an exchange platform at the cellular external and internal environments. Many cellular functions are closely related to it, such as migration, transport of molecules, some pathways of metabolic signaling, or the contact with micro-organisms. This thesis focuses on the study of some cellular processes occurring at the membrane interface using a system that can mimic the lipid bilayer properties. This membrane models that allow a precise control of the in vitro conditions, represent a good alternative to the often inconclusive studies on whole cells. Liposomes allow focusing on a particular function or constituent. In this thesis, the use of the biomimetic model was declined for the study of several processes. The mechanisms of adhesion of flagellated bacteria to lipid bilayers were studied as a function of the physical properties of the lipid bilayers. This information is of paramount importance in the context of antibiotic resistance, giving more information for the potential development of alternative therapies. The liposome model was also used for forming proteoliposomes to study of a transmembrane protein, MRP4 (multidrug resistance associated protein). The study of this protein is an issue in multi-drug treatments. Indeed, this protein is widely involved in drug interactions. Finally, the liposome model was used to characterize the interaction with lipid bilayers of molecules with high therapeutic potential: polyphenols. All of this work was done in collaboration with the team of the Prof Patrick Trouillas (INSERM U1248 team, Limoges University Hospital) working on the development of biomimetic cell models in silico
Mollet, Chloé. „Identification et caractérisations physico-chimiques et pharmacologiques de nouvelles molécules bioactives isolées à partir de venins d’animaux : exemple des peptides antimicrobiens“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0352.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research for new bioactive molecules which can be used in therapeutic is a major public health issue, particularly in the treatment of certain diseases such as bacterial infections.The natural resistance of bacteria consecutive to overuse of antibiotics have resulted in the selection of pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria. Over the last few decades, resistance to conventional antibiotics has limited treatment options, resulting in a significant increase in mortality and morbidity in hospitals. Moreover, since 1970, only two new classes of antibiotics have been placed on the market. Venoms are known to be a rich source of unique and innovative pharmacologically active substances, such as antimicrobial peptides (PAMs), which represent an original alternative to small molecules for the development of new active and non-resistance inducing antibiotics.In our study, among the 200 venoms of animals studied for their antibacterial properties, at least six PAMs were isolated from an insect venom. The original peptide 1 inhibits the growth of Gram positive and negative bacteria but shows a high hemotoxicity (TI = 1,6-3,2). The solid phase synthesis of structural analogs allowed to identify R1W8 and I1N11, less toxic (TI = 18 et >800 respectively). The preliminary results of the action mechanism study suggest that these peptides have a pore-forming action on bacteria cytoplasmic membrane. These peptides can be used as models for the development of new antimicrobial agents
Beltrami, Denis. „Extraction de l'uranium contenu dans l'acide phosphorique industriel : conception de nouvelles molécules extractantes et études physico-chimiques des systèmes d'extraction associés“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGonzález, Martínez Maykel Leonardo. „Approches statisticodynamiques de la réactivité chimique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR13998/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe quasi-classical trajectory method and statistical assumptions from the transition state theory are employed in the investigation of the unimolecular dissociation of weakly (van der Waals aggregates, i.e. HeBr2, NeBr2, ArBr2) and conventionally bound molecular systems (NCO, CH2CO). The capabilities of the Gaussian weighting procedure are illustrated through the reproduction of ro-vibrational and translational energy distributions. A transformation from angle-action variables to Cartesian coordinates is derived for the general case of polyatomic fragments. An alternative methodology is developed to study indirect polyatomic processes which provides complete ro-vibrational resolution while effectively avoids any binning or weighting procedure. The new algorithm is based on the transformation previously derived and an approximate formula developed to incorporate the rotational structures on the vibrationally-resolved quasi-classical distributions
El método de trayectorias cuasi-clasicas e hipotesis estadisticas de la teoria del estado de transicion, son empleados en la investigacion de la disociacion unimolecular de sistemas débil (agregados de van der Waals, i.e. HeBr2, NeBr2, ArBr2) y convencionalmente enlazados (NCO, CH2CO). Se demuestran las potencialidades del procedimiento de ponderacion gaussiana para la reproduccion de distribuciones ro-vibracionales y de energia de traslacion, en comparacion con las obtenidas por los métodos convencionales. Son desarrolladas la transformacion desde variables angulares y de accion a coordenadas cartesianas para el caso general de fragmentos poliatomicos, asi como un conjunto de expresiones cuasi-clasicas para incorporar estruturas rotacionales en las distribuciones resueltas vibracionalmente. Sobre la base de estos desarrollos, se demuestra y aplica una nueva metodologia para estudiar procesos poliatomicos indirectos con la que resulta posible obtener distribuciones téoricas con resolucion ro-vibracional total, evitando el uso de métodos de binning o ponderaciones
Gombert, Bertrand. „Etude de l'oxydation par l'ozone en présence de catalyseurs solides de molécules organiques en milieu aqueux“. Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2292.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoman, Jacques. „Adsorption et insertion d'atomes et de molécules dans un réseau graphitique : calculs théroriques des interactions et des propriétés structurales et physico-chimiques“. Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10532.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChampmartin, Delphine. „Etude structurale et dynamique en solution de molécules contenant le groupe CO ou COOH et de complexes métalliques par relaxation magnétique nucléaire“. Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0182_CHAMPMARTIN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoutin, Hugo. „Effet de l'acide de Lewis sur l'activation C-H par des paires de Lewis frustrées“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33711.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main interest of the Fontaine research group is in the development of metal-free catalysis with frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). Dimer formation is known to cause loss of reactivity due to the energetic cost of dimer dissociation. By adding alkyl groups to the Lewis acid moiety of the 1-BH2-2-NR2-C6H4 type FLP can enhance the bulk of the abiphilic molecule, and thus disfavor the formation of the dimer. Those ambiphilic molecules (1-BH2-2-NR2-C6H4) are unstable and require the addition of a Lewis base in order to be isolated. The reactivity of these adducts towards catalytic borylation of N-methylpyrrole has been evaluated. The stability of the dimer seems to prevent degradation of such molecules. The sensitivity of aminoboranes towards protic reagents is known. The investigation of the reactivity of [1-BH2-2-NMe2-C6H4]2 with thiols lead to the discovery of a novel metal-free catalyst for the borylation of thiols. Boron-sulfur bonds are useful yet underutilised reagents. Their ability to undergo Michael addition with enones and thioestérification with esters is discussed. It is a good example of the synthesis of a value-added product made possible by the use of a metal-free catalyst.
Kerkache, Asma. „Nouveaux chemins d'accès à des molécules-aimants multifonctionnelles par post-fonctionnalisation“. Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVirtual storage spaces (Cloud) has become common today. However, these are not dematerialized and are hosted in data centers (Data Center), they are bulky and energy consuming. Research in the field of magnetic information storage has made considerable progress with, among others, the discovery of single-molecule magnets (SMMs). These compounds could significantly increase the storage capacities of future hard drives. Magnet molecules are complexes of coordination chemistry or organometallic chemistry, isolated from each other. They have intrinsic magnetic properties unlike conventional magnets where the magnetic information retention properties come from a cooperative effect of all molecules in the material. This therefore results in a noticeable difference in the capacity for storing information. The first magnet-molecule, the famous [Mn12], was discovered in 1980. Its magnetic properties were characterized a few years later, thus opening a new chapter in the field of molecular magnetism. The characteristics of a molecule-magnet are linked to the energy barrier that defines these complexes: ΔE = | D | S² (D for anisotropy and S for the spin of the complex). From 2003, the replacement of transition metals by lanthanide ions revolutionized research in this field. Previous laboratory work has shown that the nuclearity of molecular structures and the number of ligands have a major impact on the magnetic properties of the molecule-magnet. It turns out that the simplest complexes are generally those with the best performance. The main subject of the thesis is to develop mononuclear complexes. The idea is to be able to subsequently modify these compounds by post-functionalization of the organic ligand in order to exacerbate the magnetic performances and / or to add new properties (luminescence for example, multifunctionality) to the initial molecule-magnet. To do this, a library of original β-diketone ligands was produced. These ligands have functions which subsequently make it possible to carry out organic modification reactions on the magnet molecule. Two post-functionalization reactions were thus considered: a Palladium-coupling reaction (Sonogashira or Suzuki-Miyaura) and a click reaction (Huisgen cycloaddition). A second aim of this thesis is based on the results of a recent theoretical study which proposes the use of the sulfur atom in the coordination sphere of the metal center of the SMM. The latter would improve the axiality of the molecule and therefore the magnetic properties of the final molecular structure. The synthesis of sulfur analogues of β-diketone ligands was then undertaken to study the influence of the sulfur atom compared to its oxygenated counterparts in the final magnet molecule. β-monothioketone and keto-sulfoxide ligands have therefore been synthesized. The corresponding lanthanide ion-based complexes have been isolated, their molecular structures as well as their magnetic and luminescence properties have been characterized
Renault, Louise. „Nouvelles molécules à motif furane ou sucre pour la synthèse et l’évaluation de tensioactifs et d’intermédiaires chimiques biosourcés à partir de polysaccharides d’algues“. Thesis, Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCR0060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePapamicaël, Cyril. „Métallation régiosélective d'α- et de γ-carbolines. Application à la synthèse de molécules polycycliques“. Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYassin, Ali M. „Functional conjugated systems for energy conversion and storage“. Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work entitled « Functional Conjugated Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage » involves the design and synthesis of new classes of functional π-conjugated systems for photovoltaic conversion and the development of new microporous materials. After a general introduction to the structure and electronic properties of the major classes of conjugated systems and more particularly conjugated molecules used as donor material in organic solar cells (OSC), the second chapter describes the synthesis and study of a series of molecular donors obtained by grafting dicyanovinylene on three types of conjugated rigid blocks : carbazole, cyclopentadithiophene and dithienopyrrole (DTP). The evaluation of these systems in donor-acceptor bilayer heterojunction OSCs shows that the DTP leads to best results. A study of the evolution of the electronic properties, of a series of oligo-DTPs, with the chain length further confirms the interest of the donor block for low band gap conjugated systems. The next chapter deals with the synthesis of a series of conjugated molecules of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type, built around a core of isoindigo, and describes a first evaluation of their potential as donor materials in OSCs. The fourth chapter deals with the synthesis of a series of 3D molecules derived from the grafting of donor groupas on a quaterthiophene core with a quasi-tetrehedral geometry caused by steric effect, and examine the relationship between the structure of the molecules, the mobility of positive charges in these materials and their performance in OSCs. Finally the fift and last chapter describes the first steps towards the design and use of 3D conjugated molecules in order to develop new classes of electro-active materials by polymerization of microporous 3D molecular systems provided with reactive end groups
Maherani, Behnoush. „Encapsulation et vectorisation de molécules biofonctionnelles par des nanoliposomes : étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et des mécanismes de transfert à travers la membrane liposomale“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0098/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom a molecular point of view, transport of small molecules across lipid bilayers is a fundamental and functional process. The release of efficacious dose of bioactive-entrapped in liposome depends on different parameters such as liposome permeability, bioactive structural properties and strength of liposome / bioactive interaction. The aim of this study was investigation the possible mechanisms of hydrophilic molecules transfer through liposomal bilayer. Calcein was chosen as model of hydrophilic drugs. In the first step, we optimized liposome formulation by considering its physicochemical properties (size, encapsulation efficiency, fluidity and etc.) by different methods such as DSC, TEM, SAXS, DLS, NMR and Spectroufluremtere. The reported results show that mean size, zeta potential, Tc, entrapment efficiency and fluidity were influenced by liposome lipid composition. Then, we tried to investigate hydrophilic bioactive agents? interaction with liposome by Raman Spectroscopy, Langmuir Balance and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The obtained results indicated that calcein is being able to interact with the choline polar-head group of the lipids but probability it could intercalate into the acyl chains and disturb the chain order. Finally, the permeability of calcein across some liposome membranes was first evaluated on the basis of the first-order kinetics by spectrofluorometer. Second, the composition/fluidity effect of liposome as well as the incubation temperature/pH effect was investigated. Furthermore, a model simulating the conditions of digestion was developed to estimate the partition coefficient and to determine the mechanism transfer through liposomal bilayer by using AFM and STED methods. The results confirmed that calcein permeates slowly through liposomal membrane by diffusion without liposome disruption
Ladavière, Catherine. „Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques du poly(anhydride maléique-co-méhyl vinyl éther) et de leur rôle sur la synthèse des conjugués copolymères-molécules biologiques“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10180.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuadah-Boussouf, Nafia. „Analyse in vivo de la dynamique du tissu adipeux blanc après exposition à des polluants chimiques ou à des molécules pharmacologiques chez le poisson zèbre“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14755/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn unbalanced diet and / or the presence of exogenous compounds contaminants mayalter endocrine signaling and lipid homeostasis and induce obesity. The work done in thisthesis have, at first, developed a simple and rapid method, called "zebrafish obesogenic (ZO)test" to identify in vivo by using the zebrafish larva, the factors that may increase or decreasethe size of the white adipocyte and therefore modulate the level of adiposity (Tingaud-Sequeira, Ouadah, Babin, J. Lipid Res. 52, 1765-1772, 2011). This test helps to identifycompounds and mixtures of obesogenic and anti-obesogenic molecules and providesinformation relevant to the risk assessment of their presence but also to elucidate themechanisms involved. Work in a second time allowed to answer as to how the action oftributyltin chloride, a powerful obesogenic contaminant found widely in the environment.This molecule acts in vivo on white adipocytes in a concentration of the order of nano molarvia nuclear receptors LXR and RXR, and not via the PPARgamma isoforms / delta (Ouadahand Babin, manuscript in preparation)
Paugam, Mikaël. „Synthèse de récepteurs de molécules aromatiques π-déficitaires. Etude des systèmes hôte-invité par interactions aromatiques : application au renforcement de la chimioséléctivité de la réaction par métallation“. Rouen, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAM0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLu, Huiling. „Contribution à l'étude des relations structure-propriétés de molécules amphiphiles à tête sucre“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2316/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of sustainable development, the use of biodegradable and low toxic renewable resources is particularly important. ln particular, the literature shows that the bio-based amphiphilic molecules with a sugar head, or the glycolipids, are excellent substitutes of the petrochemical surfactants used massively in current formulations. To limit the experimental screening and to orient the choice of the syntheses of such molecules, a predictive approach based on the analysis of the molecular structure would make it possible to anticipate the properties of the amphiphilic molecules and to identify those with specific properties. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology through systematic syntheses, characterizations and analyses of glycolipids with gradual structural modifications, with the aim of identifying relevant links between heir amphiphilic properties and their structural characteristics. The obtained experimental data should make it possible to establish a comparable and reliable database, necessary for the development of predictive models. The results showed the significant influence of some structural parameters on the physico-chemical properties with clear trends, which are otherwise difficult to observe by using the non-comparable data collected from the literature. This work also demonstrated the importance of considering the behavior of amphiphilic molecules in water, through knowledge of their phase diagram, which allows for the unambiguous definition of certain properties like the CMC
Gumez, Laurie. „Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques du tendon altéré par l'absence du facteur de transcription TIEG1 (TGFβ inducible Early Gene 1)“. Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1917.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study is to characterize the physico-chemical properties of tendon altered by TIEG1 gene (TGF-β Inducible Early Gene 1). The effect of this gene was analyzed at the cellular and molecular levels for the dorsal tail tendon and Achilles tendon extracted from WT and TIEG1 KO female mice C57BL/6. The molecular organization of collagen inside tendon fibers was analyzed with synchrotron and the collagen amount was determined from hydroxyproline assays. In parallel, expression analysis of genes involved in the development of tendon extracellular matrix was performed by qRT-PCR on 1, 3 and 8 months old fibroblasts. Then, molecular and chemical compositions were determined with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) techniques on tendon surface. In addition, the internal molecular composition was quantified by FTIRM (Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy) technique, requiring the development of experimental protocols. The results revealed that the absence of TIEG1 gene induced a disorganization of the collagen structure, a significant decrease in the amount of collagen as well as differences in gene expression. Moreover, the comparison of the internal and external molecular composition is different according to the type of tendon (tail tendon vs Achilles tendon) and genotype (WT vs TIEG1 KO). These data allow us to characterize the role of TIEG1 on tendon structure in order to design new therapeutics
Motta, dos Santos Luiz Fernando. „Production et étude des propriétés fonctionnelles de lipopeptides d'origine microbienne : sélection de nouvelles molécules pour des applications en cosmétique et dermatologie“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLipopeptides are a remarkable class of biosurfactants with a wide range of potential applications in cosmetics. They are amphiphilic molecules known for being easily biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Antimicrobial activity, interfacial features and several biological activities are just some of the reasons encouraging their use by the cosmetic industry. The structural diversity of lipopeptides is as large as wide is the range of their possible uses as cosmetic ingredient, and outlines the importance of deeply exploring this field of research. In this context, this work proposed a prospective study of the production of certain lipopeptides whose properties are less extensively described, like fusaricidins and amphisins. Afterwards, using surfactin as model molecule, the use of bioprocess tools such as design of experiments and microbioreactors was investigated to enhance lipopeptides production by Bacillus and Pseudomonas species in membrane bioreactors. Thereafter, a comparative study of the functional and biological properties of lipopeptides was carried out using a wide range of techniques. They confirmed the remarkable physicochemical properties of lipopeptides were associated to a high biocompatibility with skin structures. Moreover, in vitro biological models suggested their promising application to influence skin microbiome equilibrium, to reduce proinflammatory mediators release and to induce lipolytic activity. The obtained results proved the interest of deploying the use of lipopeptides in cosmetic products, not only as alternative to chemical surfactant counterparts, but effectively as unique multifunctional cosmetic ingredients
Barus, Carole. „Etude électrochimique de molécules antioxydantes et de leur association en milieux homogène et biphasique : application aux produits dermocosmétiques“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/408/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo fight against oxidative stress, supplementations of antioxidants on skin surface are realized through dermocosmetic creams. The choice of various cream constituents and also the development of cosmetic formulations are often based on empirical processes. The aim of this work is to develop tools and electrochemical methods in order to provide scientific arguments and optimize cosmetic formulations. Antioxidants associations were carried out in homogeneous aqueous and organic media, then in biphasic solutions. These experiments highlighted catalytic phenomena allowing classify various redox couple studied on experimental scale. Study of regeneration phenomena at liquid/liquid interface has enabled a better understanding and prediction of redox mechanisms occurring in more complex emulsions, like dermocosmetic creams
Lansiaux, Pauline. „Mécanismes d'action moléculaires de l'hydroxycarbamide dans les cellules endothéliales dans le contexte de la drépanocytose“. Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydroxycarbamide (HC) is the only effective drug by reducing vaso-occlusive crisis in sicle cell disease patients. It is now admitted that HC acts on additional target cells than red cells and our team focuses on its mechanism of action in vascular endothelial cells (VEC). We showed that HC increases the expression of mimerons inflammatory molecules and decreases the expression of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and the vasoconstrictor ET-1. The aim of this thesis is: firstly to identify new adhesion molecules targeted by HC and secondly to find out molecular intermediates controlling HC action. We found that besides VCAM-1, the expression of TSP-1, vWF and PECAM-1 was decreased by HC in VEC. Guided by our transcriptomic data, we tested the involvement of GATA transcription factors as molecular intermediates of HC action in VEC. Results show that HC reduces the expression of GATA-2 and GATA-6, and that this decrease is partly responsible of VCAM-1, PECAM-1 and vWF response to HC. Finally, we found that NO-sGC-cGMP pathway was an intermediate of IL-8, PECAM-1 and vWF modulation by HC. Understanding HC mechanism of action is necessary to identify more specific and safer therapeutic targets. We demonstrate here the involvement of GATA transcription factors and NO-sGC-cGMP pathway in HG-response of several molecules involved in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
Grenier, Romain. „Etude multi-échelle des phénomènes physico-chimiques aux interfaces gaz – surfaces métalliques“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1113/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of micro- and nano-flows, this work concentrates on the study of interactions at the interface of noble gas and metal surfaces by a multi-physics and multiscale model. Particularly, the interaction of an argon atom with a gold surface is the focus of the study. The work has been made in two steps: the first one occurred at the atomic scale in which Quantum Mechanics is employed and the second one at the nanoscale with the use of Molecular Dynamics.The first part of the work was devoted to the determination of interaction potentials between an argon atom and gold atoms from the surface by DFT calculation methods comporting long range effects. Two approaches, leading similar results, have been used: the first one is linked to a periodic description of the gold surface where electrons are defined by plane waves, the second one gives independently repulsive and attractive parts of the interaction of an argon atom with a small gold cluster. Those interaction potentials are then decomposed in pair potentials suitable for Molecular Dynamics simulations. These last ones consisted in multiple times projecting argon atoms on smooth or rough gold surfaces (which are more representative of the roughness of actual technologies). The statistical analysis of the reflected velocities yielded the tangential momentum accommodation (TMAC) coefficient of argon on gold surfaces. This coefficient is the transcription of slip phenomena which occur at the interface, and it can then be used in nano-flow simulations. The multi-physics approach of the thesis gives accurate TMAC values which are comparable to experiments. The accounted method could then be applied to other noble gas metal surface couples
Baffou, Guillaume. „Luminescence induite par microscopie à effet tunnel et étude des propriétés électroniques, chimiques et optiques de la surface de carbure de silicium 6H-SiC(0001)3x3“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190955.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa thématique dans laquelle s'inscrit cette thèse est la luminescence induite par STM sur substrat semiconducteur à large bande interdite. Les travaux ont porté sur la reconstruction de surface SiC(0001)3x3 du carbure de silicium (SiC) et s'articulent autour de trois parties.
La première partie est consacrée à l'étude de la luminescence de la jonction tunnel métal/vide/SiC(0001)3x3. Cette étude, en parallèle à des mesures de spectroscopie tunnel, a mis en évidence les mécanismes et propriétés de transport électronique le long des états de surface du SiC.
Une deuxième partie est dédiée à l'adsorption de molécules organiques sur la surface SiC(0001)3x3. La fonctionnalisation organique du SiC est une étape indispensable pour l'étude de molécules individuelles mais aussi pour la conception de matériaux hybrides organique/inorganique. La résolution submoléculaire du STM associée à des calculs ab initio en collaboration ont dégagé un modèle de chimisorption détaillé de la phthalocyanine hydrogénée.
La dernière partie décrit des simulations numériques, basées sur le formalisme des tenseurs de Green, de la lumière émise par la jonction tunnel. Ces travaux ont permis de modéliser d'une part l'influence de la forme de la pointe du STM sur le spectre de la lumière émise, d'autre part l'inhibition de la fluorescence de molécules individuelles excitées par STM.
Wu, Qier. „Développement de modèles bioinformatiques intégratifs et prédictifs pour comprendre la voie des effets indésirables (AOP) initiée par des petites molécules“. Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2021. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4575&f=37745.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHumans are daily exposed to amount of chemicals from different sources including environmental and drug molecules. The exposures of these chemicals are suspected as the etiology of certain pathologies. Evaluating and characterizing the toxicity of chemicals is crucial. However, the difficulties in chemicals risk assessment can be the result of low throughput of traditional methods and also the limited knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these chemicals in systems biology. To face these difficulties, recent innovative and efficient approaches have been developed. High-throughput screening (HTS) technology has largely improved the efficiency of hazard identification in the in-vitro platform. Integrating HTS data and in vivo data into the concept of `Adverse Outcome Pathways' (AOPs) combined with systems toxicological models could aid studying how chemicals interact with the human body at various levels (i.e, genes, proteins, cells, tissues, organs, etc) leading at the end to adverse effects. In this Ph.D. thesis, I elaborated on how systems toxicology models could contribute to determine chemical risk assessment. The systems toxicology models (i.e, network-based models) for chemicals were first constructed based on publicly available data. To better understand mechanisms of action of chemicals and move towards the development of AOPs, bioinformatics tools such as over representation analysis (ORA) were applied in the identification of potential pathways affected by chemicals. Furthermore, to show the predictive ability of the systems toxicology models, scoring systems were developed for predicting relationships between chemicals, biological targets and human pathologies. Finally, the predictions were externally validated through literature. The uncertainties of systems toxicology models were also measured in this thesis. Overall, the studies conducted in this thesis highlight that computational systems toxicology models are reliable and effective tools in illustrating the unknown toxicity mechanism of chemicals. Therefore, we suggested that systems toxicology models can be used as an alternative animal approach in chemical risk assessment
Vin, Nicolas. „Étude cinétique de la pyrolyse en phase gazeuse de molécules organiques contenant des hétéroatomes représentatives de composés toxiques présents dans les sols pollués“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe pyrolysis of seven surrogates of toxic compounds (diethyl ether, bromoethane, methyl chloroacetate, nitromethane, isopropyl nitrate, diethylamine and chlorobenzene) was studied during the thesis in two different types of reactors at the laboratory scale: a silica jet-stirred reactor (JSR) and an alumina tubular reactor (TR) to carry out studies at temperatures above 1200 K. Axial temperature profiles were measured and were used to take into account the temperature gradient in the TR. In addition to gas chromatography, a new analytical technique for our laboratory was used: The Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR), for which an analysis method has been developed. As part of the study, detailed kinetics models were developed except for the diethylamine. Overall, these kinetics models well predict the reactivity temperature dependence and the formation of the major products determined experimentally. Since there is a lack of kinetic data in the literature for the pyrolysis and oxidation of brominated, chlorinated and nitrogen compounds, many kinetic parameters were estimated in most of the kinetic models developed
Rochette, Sandrine. „Synthèse chimique de molécules. .“ Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelattre, François. „Nouveaux senseurs fluorescents à base de β-cyclodextrine incorporant l'unité pyridinoindolizinique : synthèse, détermination structurale et étude de l'inclusion“. Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work concerns the synthesis and characterisation a series of new fluorescent molecular sensors containing β-cyclodextrin and incorporating a pyridinoindolizinic unit. These molecular devices are characterised by their ability to induce a variation of fluorescence intensity when they are incorporated a molecule in the cavity of macrocycle. In a first part, two synthesis methods where developed whose general principle is based on 1,3-cycloaddition reactions from a quaternary salts of 4,4'-bipyridinium and acetylenics dipolarophiles. Structures of the synthesized compounds were validated by the traditional methods elemental analysis and spectroscopic experiments NMR, MS, IR. In the second section, a study was made of the phenomena related to the inclusion of adamante derivatives and Volatils Organics Compounds (VOC), in the cavity of cyclodextrin, by the spectroscopic techniques of 2D NMR, CD and fluorescence. This study highlights the influence of chromophoric positioning, of these compounds, compared to their hydrophobic cavity. The complexation experiments have lead to the determination of sensitivity factors with respect to their guests, in aqueous solution, and to validate the "sensitive" aspect of these compounds. Finally, the use of molecular modeling, by molecular mechanistic and semi-empiricals methods, contributed to highlight the dynamic aspects related to the phenomena of complexation
Boullier, Henri. „Autoriser pour interdire : la fabrique des savoirs sur les molécules et leurs risques dans le règlement européen REACH“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow can toxic chemicals be regulated with limited and incomplete data on their properties ? Since the Toxic Substances Control Act was adopted in the United States in 1976, information asymmetries and the multiplication of specific applications for chemicals had apparently made their control almost impossible. With the authorisation procedure, the european regulation on the registration, evaluation and authorisation of chemicals (REACH), adopted in 2006, introduces a novel way of controlling the most toxic chemicals. The dissertation shows how such a procedure sets new standards in regulatory control in spite of information asymmetries between regulators and firms. The authorisation procedure renders public authorities able to ban « substances » based on their hazards while some « uses » of these chemicals can be maintained on the market on the basis of invidual applications submitted by firms. In order have such applications accepted, firms provide public authorities with new toxicological and exposure data for very specific uses, and socio-economic analyses that had never been produced before. Although REACH is based on existing regulatory tools, the autorisation procedure profoundly modifies the relationship between regulators and firms, modifies the objects of regulation and transforms the ways in which regulatory knowledge for decision making is produced
Dherbassy, Quentin. „Contrôle de la chiralité axiale par activation de liaisons C-H : accès à des molécules naturelles et ligands inédits“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF069/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAxial chirality is an important property of biologically active compounds, advanced materials and more importantly of ligands used in asymmetric catalysis. Indeed, numerous atropisomeric biaryls have demonstrated an excellent asymmetric induction capacity. Thus, the control of atropisomery and the development of original synthetic methodologies allowing the synthesis and the obtention of optically pure axially chiral compounds is an important goal for the scientific community. In this work, a new strategy for the synthesis of atropenriched axially chiral biaryls was explored. The use of enantiopur sulfoxides playing the role of both, a directing group and a chirality auxiliary, in a palladium catalyzed C-H functionalization, allowed the efficient construction of numerous highly atropenriched biaryl compounds. The developed methodologies were furthermore applied to the formal synthesis of an axially chiral and bioactive compound, (-)-steganone, as well as the synthesis of doubly atropisomeric unprecedented ligands. These ligands displayed an excellent potential for asymmetric induction in homogenous asymmetric hydrogenation
Oubaziz, Dahbia. „Double ionisation de la molécule d'eau par impact d'électrons“. Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ036S/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, double ionization mechanisms of oriented water molecules by electron impact have been studied. Five and forth fold differential cross sections in angle have been calculated and analyzed in a coplanar geometry. The theoretical investigation is performed within the first born approximation by describing the initial molecular state by means of single-center wave functions. The contributions of each final state to the double-ionization process, i.e., with target electrons ejected from similar and/or different molecular subshells, are studied and compared in terms of shape and magnitude. Strong dependence of the fivefold differential cross sections on the molecular target orientation is clearly observed in (e, 3-1e) as well as (e, 3e) channels. Furthermore, for the particular target orientations investigated, different mechanisms involved in the double ionization of water molecule, namely, the direct shake-off process as well as the two-step1 process
Apostol, Petru. „Synthèse et propriétés de cristaux liquides et magnétiques de 1,8,15,22-tétraalkoxy-phtalocyanines de métaux (II) et (III)“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0109/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the fully regioselective synthesis of symmetric all-endo tetra-alkoxy-functionalized phthalocyanines and their metal ion complexes accompanied by induction of columnar mesophases in convenient temperature ranges at moderate substituent sizes, as well as their use in organic diodes and the study of their magnetic properties. The synthetic approach to follow is lithium-induced macrocyclization of 3-(2-alkylalkoxy)-phthalonitriles prior to transition meatl ion insertion. Symmetrization of the aliphatic chains in the 3-alkoxy-phthalonitrile precursor from 2-butylocytyl to 2-pentylheptyl maintains both the regioisomeric mixture during the cyclo-tetramerization and to a somewhat greater tendency to crystallization. The combination of attainable clearing temperatures with room temperature columnar stacking and with a relatively high content of conjugated core within the molecular mass makes the first two series of materials, i.e. MPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, and MPc(OCH2CHPent2)4, potentially useful as uniformly orientable charge transposters in organic electronic devices. We establish that these tetra-α-alkoxy substituted phthalocyanine materials, as exemplified with H2Pc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, NiPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4 and CuPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, lead to original device performances when applied as an active organic layer in simple ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PC/Al diode structures. A pronounced current rectification of the diodes is obtained despite the preponderantly planar alignment of the columns in the films. The highly soluble tetra-α-alkoxy-substituted Pc ligand, when combined with MnIII and DyIII, gives rise to original mononuclear single molecule magnets. Remarkably, the C4h-symmetric isomer of the octa-alkoxy double decker complex is formed selectively due of presence of the bulky substituents on both Pc rings
Chabas, Jean-François. „Etudes pré-cliniques du potentiel thérapeutique de deux molécules neuroprotectrices et neurorégénératrices (Tacrolimus et Vitamine D) dans la réparation des nerfs périphériques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNerve repair remains a challenge for surgeons who have to face unpredictable and very often disappointing outcomes. These suboptimal results have prompted researches on molecules that support cell survival and stimulate axonal outgrowth.For this research project, we chose to compare two AFSSAPS-approved compounds which display a have well documented immunomodulatory role and are suspected to act, within the nervous system, as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative molecules. On the one hand, we elected FK506 (Tacrolimus) that promotes nerve regeneration in addition to its immunosuppressant properties. However this molecule may induce critical side effects. On the other hand, we opted for vitamin D whose neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions are increasingly recognized.The aims of the research project were to:1. assess the potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D on peripheral nerve regeneration and compare its efficiency to FK506;2. compare the efficiency of two doses (100 and 500 IU/kg/d) of the two main forms of vitamin D: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol);3. get an insight on the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of vitamin D3.In a first study (Chabas et al, 2009), we observed that FK506 significantly increased the diameter of regenerated axons in the distal portion of the graft and potentiates metabosensitive nerve fiber regeneration.In a second study (Chabas et al, 2008), we observed that vitamin D2 potentiates axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.In a third study, we observed that vitamin D3 is more efficient than vitamin D2 and, when delivered at high dose (500 IU/kg/day), cholecalciferol induces a dramatic locomotor and electrophysiological recovery and increases the number of preserved or newly formed axons in the proximal end and neurite myelination in both the distal and proximal ends. Using cDNA microarrays, we also performed an in vitro study on vitamin D-treated Schwann cells or dorsal root ganglia and observed that vitamin D3 triggers the expression of several genes involved in axogenesis and myelination.Altogether, these data indicate that vitamin D3 is a potent neurotrophic and myelinating agent that can be tested in phase I clinical trials for nerve repair
Giacinti, Géraldine. „Etude du transport de molécules bioactives dans l'épiderme de fruits à pépins(Rosacea Juss) : mise au point et développement d'un procédé d'extraction de produits phytosanitaires“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor more than fifty years, the modern agriculture uses lots of products for crop protection in order to ensure optimum yields and to limit pathogens harmful for human or animal health. Until recently, the levels of pesticides in foodstuffs (fruits, vegetables, cereals, forage crops, processed food…) were controlled but usually not problematic regarding the effects over time. Nowadays, more and more drastic requirements are appearing and becoming widespread. The products from farming and food industries must satisfy stricter and stricter standards in terms of residues for maintaining competitiveness. Particularly, for apples, whose treatments per season are among the highest in France, requirements tend to the zero detectable residue. The strategy of this work deals with, on one hand, the understanding of the transfert stages involved at the outer surface of the fruit. A physicochemical characterizations of epiderms of different apples led to the identification of the structures involved in the relationship between bioactive molecule and biopolymeric matrix. Fludioxonil was chosen for modelization for its frequency of use and for its atomic composition (fluorine). The epiderms of Fuji apples were selected as the matrix-model. On the other hand, a chemically treatment process of apples was studied and developed to release the residues of 12 pesticides among the most currently used in apple orchards of Midi-Pyrenees. Three varieties of apples among the most popular in France were selected for their different periods of harvest corresponding to variable pests risks. The results led to a possible scheme of desorption of bioactive molecules in the biopolymeric matrix, based on the theory of solubility developed by Hildebrandt and Hansen. In addition, the development of an analytical mehtod of quantitation of pesticides in the epidermal matrix of apples by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ion trap (GC/MS2) highlighted that : 1- the increase of the concentrations of the analytes of interest over the limits of detection of the applied analytical method promoted the quantitation of very low traces, even ultratraces ; 2- the analytes of interest concurrently underwent negative matrix effects. A strong interaction between some matrix analytes with pesticides was demonstrated and a mehtod of cleanup based on the hyphenation of high performance thin layer chromatography with GC/MS2 (HPTLC/GC/MS2) was suggested to minimize the negative matrix effects in that kind of concentrated matrix extracts
Le, Guennec Yohann. „Développement d’équations d’état cubiques adaptées à la représentation de mélanges contenant des molécules polaires (eau, alcools, amines …) et des hydrocarbures“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0245/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis work is to develop a cubic equation of state thermodynamic model able to accurately predict the thermodynamic properties of pure compounds (from phase equilibrium data to energetic properties – enthalpy, heat capacity – and volume properties) and mixtures (phase equilibria in sub- and supercritical regions, critical points, energetic properties, densities…), including the most complex ones. Starting with pure compounds: relying on the knowledge collected all through the years from Van der Waals seminal work about cubic equations of state, we identified two levers to increase cubic-model accuracy. First is the selection of the optimal α function (this function is a key quantity involved in the model attractive term) the proper parameterization of which entails an accurate representation of pure-compound saturation properties such as saturation pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, saturated-liquid heat capacity. In order to safely extrapolate an α functions to the high temperature domain, we defined the mathematical constraints that it should satisfy. The second lever is the volume translation parameter, a key parameter for an accurate description of liquid densities. These studies led to the development of the tc-PR and tc-RK models, using an α function that correctly extrapolates to the high temperature domain so as a volume translation parameter, ensuring the most accurate estimations of pure-compound sub- and supercritical property from a cubic equation of state. In order to extend the tc-PR and tc-RK models to mixtures, it was necessary to develop adequate mixing rules for both equation of state parameters: the covolume and the attractive parameter. Recently proposed mixing rules combining an equation of state and an activity coefficient model have been retained. Optimal values of the mixing rules universal parameters have been identified in the framework of this thesis. A linear mixing rule for the volume translation parameter has been selected; it has been proven that this mixing rule does not change the phase equilibrium and energetic properties when switching from a translated to an untranslated model. In order to define the optimal activity coefficient model to include in the new mixing rule, a 200 binary-system database has been developed. These binary systems have been selected to be representative of the different kinds of interactions that can exist in non-electrolytic mixtures. The database includes in particular systems containing associating compounds, which are certainly among the most difficult ones to model with an equation of state. In fine, this thesis sets all the bases for the development of a cubic equation of state for mixtures. The selection of the optimal activity-coefficient model, the estimation of binary interaction parameters for the 200 binary systems from the database and their prediction are possible continuations of this work
Agrebi, Abdelhamid. „Huiles essenteilles et molécules odorantes : synthèse chimique et valorisation“. Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaturano, Marie-Dolorès. „Synthèse et modifications chimiques d'une nouvelle molécule herbicide d'origine bactérienne“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30205.
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