Dissertationen zum Thema „Molécules aimants – Propriétés magnétiques“
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Grumbach, Nathan. „Auto-organisation de molécules-aimants et de nanoparticules magnétiques sur des surfaces de copolymères dibloc“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic information storage, used in hard disks notably, has not stopped evolving toward higher storage density. Current storage systems reach their physical and technological limits, and future improvements will necessarily consist in new materials and technologies. We have studied in this work two kinds of new magnetic nanometric objects, Single Molecule Magnets (SMM) and magnetic nanoparticles, both showing magnetic bistability at the isolated individual object. These materials could help overpass current limitations and make magnetic storage densities increase by up to five orders of magnitude. This work is focused on the multiscale organisation of these objects on a surface, with the aim of forming two dimensional organised networks. The nano-objects we considered can self-organize on a surface, but correlation lengths remain short. To control and propagate nanometric organisation up to macroscopic scales, we functionalize the surface using PS-PMMA block copolymer and use microphase separation in order to structure the surface in ten nanometers wide stripes. Oriented demixtion of the block copolymer is obtained via templated self-assembly, in our case by using a surface patterned with 100 to 200 nm wide channels. Then the magnetic nano-objects selectively self-organize in networks on the polymer stripes. Multiscale spatial organisation of nanometric objects is therefore possible by combining top-down lithographic and bottom-up self techniques. Experimental study of magnetic properties of organised monolayers of SMM is challenging and has been performed with Low Temperature XMCD. We have shown that Mn12-like SMMs remain structurally intact at the surface but that their magnetic properties are unfortunately lost. Still, other SMMs or magnetic gold nanoparticles remain interesting candidates for high density magnetic storage. Finally, we have shown that the organised deposition of these nano-objects can result in magnetic anisotropy, with a large range of potential applications
Iasco, Olga. „Aimants moléculaires à base de clusters polymétalliques : synthèse, structures cristallines et étude des propriétés magnétiques“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKerkache, Asma. „Nouveaux chemins d'accès à des molécules-aimants multifonctionnelles par post-fonctionnalisation“. Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVirtual storage spaces (Cloud) has become common today. However, these are not dematerialized and are hosted in data centers (Data Center), they are bulky and energy consuming. Research in the field of magnetic information storage has made considerable progress with, among others, the discovery of single-molecule magnets (SMMs). These compounds could significantly increase the storage capacities of future hard drives. Magnet molecules are complexes of coordination chemistry or organometallic chemistry, isolated from each other. They have intrinsic magnetic properties unlike conventional magnets where the magnetic information retention properties come from a cooperative effect of all molecules in the material. This therefore results in a noticeable difference in the capacity for storing information. The first magnet-molecule, the famous [Mn12], was discovered in 1980. Its magnetic properties were characterized a few years later, thus opening a new chapter in the field of molecular magnetism. The characteristics of a molecule-magnet are linked to the energy barrier that defines these complexes: ΔE = | D | S² (D for anisotropy and S for the spin of the complex). From 2003, the replacement of transition metals by lanthanide ions revolutionized research in this field. Previous laboratory work has shown that the nuclearity of molecular structures and the number of ligands have a major impact on the magnetic properties of the molecule-magnet. It turns out that the simplest complexes are generally those with the best performance. The main subject of the thesis is to develop mononuclear complexes. The idea is to be able to subsequently modify these compounds by post-functionalization of the organic ligand in order to exacerbate the magnetic performances and / or to add new properties (luminescence for example, multifunctionality) to the initial molecule-magnet. To do this, a library of original β-diketone ligands was produced. These ligands have functions which subsequently make it possible to carry out organic modification reactions on the magnet molecule. Two post-functionalization reactions were thus considered: a Palladium-coupling reaction (Sonogashira or Suzuki-Miyaura) and a click reaction (Huisgen cycloaddition). A second aim of this thesis is based on the results of a recent theoretical study which proposes the use of the sulfur atom in the coordination sphere of the metal center of the SMM. The latter would improve the axiality of the molecule and therefore the magnetic properties of the final molecular structure. The synthesis of sulfur analogues of β-diketone ligands was then undertaken to study the influence of the sulfur atom compared to its oxygenated counterparts in the final magnet molecule. β-monothioketone and keto-sulfoxide ligands have therefore been synthesized. The corresponding lanthanide ion-based complexes have been isolated, their molecular structures as well as their magnetic and luminescence properties have been characterized
Lannes, Anthony. „Chimie de coordination de radicaux nitronyl-nitroxyde pontants pour l’élaboration de matériaux magnétiques moléculaires : synthèse, structures cristallines, propriétés magnétiques et spectroscopie électronique“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10173/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the past decades, electronics have been developed in order to meet the increasing need of information storage, always evolving to the constant upgrade of their components: better, faster, smaller. Twenty-five years ago, the recently created field of molecular magnetism allowed designing entities responding to the aforementioned requirements: Single- Molecule-Magnets (SMMs). On the one hand, those are compounds showing magnetic bistability affording to stock information and on the other hand, they are the smallest entities available to design any information support. In spite of those remarkable qualities, they require very low temperature (< 15 K) to display their properties. Thus, it is of primary importance to understand underlying mechanisms in order to increase this temperature range. One promising route is to connect lanthanide dimer by a radical bridge. This method has led to the discovery of a SMM, whose blocking temperature is the highest known to date (14 K). This thesis work has been dedicated to the conception of SMMs and molecular-based magnets, as well as the characterization of their structures and magnetic properties, and their magneto-structural relationships by electronic spectroscopy. Those systems were mostly based on lanthanide(III) or manganese(II) ion and nitronyl-nitroxide organic free radicals. A special focus was made to the synthesis of dinuclear lanthanide complexes bridged by an organic free radical, and to the study of their mononuclear complex. We have studied the potential of NITBzImH radical as a bridge for [Ln(β-diketonate)3] and [Ln(NO3)3] molecular bricks. We also took interest to the unusual magnetic behavior of a manganese(II) coordination polymer, where each metal center is bridged by a NITIm radical, closely related to NITBzImH radical. Finally, we started to explore the changes induced by switching manganese(II) to lanthanide(III)
Apostol, Petru. „Synthèse et propriétés de cristaux liquides et magnétiques de 1,8,15,22-tétraalkoxy-phtalocyanines de métaux (II) et (III)“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0109/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the fully regioselective synthesis of symmetric all-endo tetra-alkoxy-functionalized phthalocyanines and their metal ion complexes accompanied by induction of columnar mesophases in convenient temperature ranges at moderate substituent sizes, as well as their use in organic diodes and the study of their magnetic properties. The synthetic approach to follow is lithium-induced macrocyclization of 3-(2-alkylalkoxy)-phthalonitriles prior to transition meatl ion insertion. Symmetrization of the aliphatic chains in the 3-alkoxy-phthalonitrile precursor from 2-butylocytyl to 2-pentylheptyl maintains both the regioisomeric mixture during the cyclo-tetramerization and to a somewhat greater tendency to crystallization. The combination of attainable clearing temperatures with room temperature columnar stacking and with a relatively high content of conjugated core within the molecular mass makes the first two series of materials, i.e. MPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, and MPc(OCH2CHPent2)4, potentially useful as uniformly orientable charge transposters in organic electronic devices. We establish that these tetra-α-alkoxy substituted phthalocyanine materials, as exemplified with H2Pc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, NiPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4 and CuPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, lead to original device performances when applied as an active organic layer in simple ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PC/Al diode structures. A pronounced current rectification of the diodes is obtained despite the preponderantly planar alignment of the columns in the films. The highly soluble tetra-α-alkoxy-substituted Pc ligand, when combined with MnIII and DyIII, gives rise to original mononuclear single molecule magnets. Remarkably, the C4h-symmetric isomer of the octa-alkoxy double decker complex is formed selectively due of presence of the bulky substituents on both Pc rings
Gutium, Ababei Rodica. „Synthèses et études de nouveaux matériaux magnétiques et photomagnétiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14238/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe exponential growth of technological demands for information storage capacity is at the origin of the nanosciences and the development of the molecular electronics. Since more than 40 years, the main objective in this field of research is mainly to store as fast as possible more information in a smaller volume. Nowadays, chemists know how to create molecules with remarkable properties, such as Single–Molecule Magnets (SMMs) and Single–Chain Magnets (SCMs), which show magnetic bistability at low temperature (T < 10 K) providing a memory effect. Therefore, the design of novel materials with original physical properties, based on molecular magnetic objects, became the focus of many researches around the world. Following this approach, the design of SMM linked by active bridges that can switch between two magnetic states under external stimuli (temperature, pressure, light...), should favor additional properties and allow an external control (by irradiation) of the magnetic properties of the final SMM-based materials. The goal of this thesis is to organize SMMs by assembling them with two types of linkers: electron-transfer building blocks (Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]) and spin-crossover complexes ([Fe(LN5)(CN)2] and [Fe(LN3O2)(CN)2]). Three new materials obtained from the organization of [MnIII(BS)]+ complexes with the [Fe(CN)5NO]2- building-block, showed no significant photoactivity unlike the Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] precursor. Nevertheless, one of these organized systems exhibits Single-Molecule Magnet behaviour. The employed strategy to link [MnIII(BS)]+ units with photomagnetic [Fe(LN5)(CN)2] and [Fe(LN3O2)(CN)2] spin-crossover complexes, leads to nine new interesting compounds. The most significant novelty from a structural point of view is the various topologies of compounds obtained from molecular complexes to one-dimensional architectures with different arrangements. All compounds exhibit interesting magnetic properties. For example, one of the unidimensional networks shows an antiferromagnetic order followed by a slow relaxation of the magnetization that has been observed for the first time in a canted system. On the other hand, magnetic investigations under light irradiation have revealed remarkable photoinduced properties in the case of five systems based on FeII units in their low spin state. In conclusion, the synthetic strategy used in this thesis has been experimentally validated and opens new perspectives for future photomagnetic SMM and SCM systems
Dhayer, Nathalie. „Nouveaux outils pour la délivrance de médicaments : du peptide vecteur à la molécule aimant“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS716.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to present two tools dedicated to drug delivery. The first part focuses on the study of the internalisation mechanisms of Cell-Penetrating-Peptide (CPP) and the second part deals with the synthesis of molecular architectures for potential applications of magnetic molecules, contrast agents or hyperthermia. Cell-Penetrating-Peptide belong to a class of peptides that have the ability to cross cell membranes. Once inside the cell, CPPs can exert its effect directly. Such peptides are proving to be a preferred tool for drug delivery. Numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms by which such peptides are internalized into cells. In particular, there is disagreement as to whether the transmembrane potential difference is necessary or not. Electrophysiology appears to be the technique of choice to answer this remaining question. Indeed, the measurement of membrane current allows the detection of pore formation in the presence of membrane active peptides. In this thesis, we have developed an electrophysiological technique that allows the measurement of membrane current by applying a potential difference and injecting CPPs near the membrane. The second part focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic and photomagnetic molecules. In the second part, work is carried out in the field of molecular magnetism, involving the synthesis and study of molecules with very high spin and single molecule magnet (SMM) with potentially photomagnetic properties. On the one hand, numerous hetero-trimetallic complexes have been synthesized to obtain anisotropic molecules with high spin whose magnetic properties have been demonstrated. Thus, compounds such as CrNi2Ni4 (S=15/2), CrNi2Mn4 (S=13/2) and, in particular, CrNi2Cd4 (S=7/2) have been successfully obtained and fully characterized, allowing the control of all the essential parameters for the observation of the expected phenomenon (spin value, anisotropy, inter- and intramolecular interactions). On the other hand, new heterobimetallic molecules based on octacyanometallates (molybdenum or tungsten) have been synthesized and their photomagnetic properties have been studied. In particular, a bond cleavage has been observed in the WZn2 complex, and new heterotrimetallic complexes such as WCd2Ni4 and MoCd2Ni4 have also been synthesized, paving the way for photomagnetic magnetic molecules
Lecren, Lollita. „Organisations d'aimants moléculaires au sein de réseaux inorganiques et de coordination : synthèse, structure et propriétés“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZakhia, Georges. „Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés magnétiques de nano-aimants moléculaires“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of this thesis, we studied the magnetic anisotropy of pentacoordinated mononuclear Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes possessing geometries from square pyramid to trigonal bipyramid. We have shown that, for a given geometry, the metal ion nature has an important influence on the magnetic anisotropy.Then, we studied for a given metal ion the effect of geometry on its magnetic anisotropy. In the case of a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (C3v symmetry), we showed that Co(II) has an Ising type anisotropy (easy axis of magnetization) and thus a blocking of magnetization that leads to an opening of a hysteresis cycle at low temperature. This type of complexes can be used for storing data albeit at low temperature.In the second part of the work, we studied the magnetic properties of binuclear complexes. A binuclear Co(II) complex bridged by two Cl- has a weak ferromagnetic coupling and a blocking of its magnetization.Finally, another aspect of this work was to design binuclear complexes, where two anisotropic ions having each one an easy axis of magnetization, are weakly antiferromagnetically coupled. To do this, we have studied compounds with cryptand ligands where the geometry around the Co (II) is trigonal bipyramid. We found that with a Cl- or Br- bridging ligand, the exchange interaction is much more important than the local anisotropy of Co(II) ions leading to a magnetic behavior where the ions lose their local character. This work opens up prospects for synthesizing the same type of complex but with larger bridges to decrease the intensity of the antiferromagnetic coupling
Datta, Subhadeep. „Propriétés de transport électronique de nanotubes de carbone remplis de particules magnétiques“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbon Nanotubes at low temperature behave as Quantum Dots for which charging processes become quantized, giving rise to Coulomb Blockade depending upon the coupling to the leads. Any small change in the electrostatic environment (tuned by the gate electrode) can induce shift of the stability diagram (so called Coulomb Diamonds) of the device, leading to conductivity variation of the Quantum Dot. A carbon nanotube can therefore be a very accurate electrometer. For example, if a magnetic system is electronically coupled to a nanotube, its electron conduction may be influenced by the spin state of the magnetic system (magneto- Coulomb effect). In this thesis, we report on the electrical transport measurements of such hybrid systems where a carbon nanotube is filled with magnetic nanoparticles such as Iron(Fe). We find that low-temperature (~40mK) current-voltage measurements of such devices can show a hysteretic behaviour in conductance with sharp jumps at certain magnetic fields. We explain the results in terms of the magneto-Coulomb effect where the spin flip of the iron island at non-zero magnetic field causes an effective charge variation in the Nanotube due to the Zeeman energy. Our studies are a step forward towards the study of the magnetic anisotropy of individual nanoparticles. We believe our findings have important implications for sensitive magnetic detectors to study the magnetization reversal of individual magnetic nanoparticle or molecule, even weakly coupled to a carbon nanotube
Mitcov, Dmitri. „Rational functionalization of molecular magnetic materials : towards liquid crystalline phases, improved solubility and modulation of physical properties“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this thesis was focused on the design and investigation of novel hybrid materials via ligand functionalization of the single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and electron transfer complexes. Chapter I contains general information about these two classes of the magnetic systems. In order to illustrate the motivation behind our work, a brief review on previously reported soft hybrid magnetic systems, is presented. Chapter II is dedicated to the functionalization of [Mn12]-based SMMs towards hybrid liquid crystalline systems via two different approaches: (a) the functionalization of peripheral ligands with strongly lipophilic groups (long alkyl chains), or (b) the grafting of mesogenic promoters through flexible aliphatic spacers. Chapters III – V are focused on cyanido-bridged molecular {Fe2Co2} squares that exhibit thermally or photo-induced electron transfer. Thus, in Chapter III, the possibility to modulate the electron transfer properties in {Fe2Co2} molecular squares via the use of different counter-anion is discussed. The functionalization with long aliphatic chains and its influence over the properties of {Fe2Co2} molecular squares in solid state and solutions are discussed in Chapter IV. Finally, the effect of the ligand functionalization with strongly electron density donating groups (methoxy) over the electron transfer properties of {Fe2Co2} molecular squares is investigated in Chapter V
Jeon, Ie-Rang. „Organisation par chimie de coordination de molécules-aimants : vers une nouvelle génération de matériaux magnétiques et photomagnétiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14614/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe beginning of the 1990’s marked the discovery of Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs), which created the hope tostore information on a single molecule due to their magnetic bistability. However, it is becoming of strategicimportance to dedicate a part of our research to their organization in order to achieve devices for the potentialapplication. During this thesis work, our strategy was to exploit coordination chemistry to organize these moleculesin a controlled way by using different types of linkers.Chapter I covers theoretical backgrounds for this research project. In this chapter, Single-Molecule Magnets(SMMs), Single-Chain Magnets (SCMs), Spin Crossover (SC) and Electron Transfer (ET) systems are described anddiscussed. Chapter II contains relevant literature on SMM-based coordination networks and photoactive cyanidobasedbimetallic systems. Chapter III presents the organization of [Mn4] SMMs in 1D and 2D networks withdiamagnetic linkers (chlorido ions) or paramagnetic linkers containing NiII, MnII, and CuII ions. The extensivephysical studies (X-ray crystallography, magnetic and heat capacity measurements, and theoretical analysis) on thesenetworks demonstrated new magnetic behavior and enhanced energy barrier compared to the isolated [Mn4] SMMs.In Chapter IV, we prepared new switchable linkers based on the cyanido-bridged Fe/Co unit, to realizephotomagnetic networks of SMMs. A rational building-block approach has been used to design these dinuclearFe/Co complexes. Extensive spectroscopic, electrochemical and magnetic characterizations have been performed tounambiguously reveal in one of the synthesized complexes the presence of a spin crossover induced by temperaturein the solid-state, and an intramolecular electron transfer assisted by controlled protonation in solution, bothaccompanied by optical and magnetic changes. For the first time, this new complex shows two distinct switchingprocesses depending on its physical state and external stimuli
Moragues-Cánovas, María. „Complexes chiraux de coordination et molécules à haut spin : caractérisation et propriétés magnétiques“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work described here belongs to the area of Molecular Magnetism and it is divided in two parts. The first part of this work is related to the preparation of magnetic polynuclear complexes containing chiral centres. Chapter 1 is devoted to the design and characterization of enantiopure mononuclear complexes of Fe(III) and Mn(III) that will be used in order to prepare high nuclearity complexes. We focus on the study of the magnetic anisotropy of these mononuclear complexes using the High Field High Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance technique (HF-HFEPR). In Chapter 2 we discuss the chiro-optical and the magnetic properties of two enantiomeric dinuclear oxalate complexes. The second part of this work describes the preparation of new single-molecule magnets obtained by a serendipitous assembly approach using the l,l,l-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (H3thme) ligand. After a brief introduction on Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs), in Chapter 3 the synthesis and characterization of a new Fe4 complex that behaves as a single-molecule magnet is presented. Chapter 4 is devoted to the chemistry and the magnetic properties of Co(II) and Ni(II) polynuclear complexes
Morel, Antoine. „Amélioration des propriétés magnétiques des aimants permanents du type hexaferrite de strontium par la substitution lanthane - cobalt“. Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHexaferrites, due to their low cost combined with their magnetic properties, are excellent materials to produce permanent magnets. Their main quality is their high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. As shown by different patents published in 1998, their magnetic properties can been improved by using the lanthanum-cobalt substitution. Firstly, using four spectroscopic methods (Mössbauer spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron diffraction), we localized the position of the Co2+ ion in the unit cell of the hexagonal M-type M phase in samples with the Sr1-xLaxFe12-xCoxO19 composition, synthesized with a classical ceramic process. The results show that Co2+ is localized in both 4f2 and 2a octahedral sites. The intrinsic magnetic properties are influenced by this substitution and the main effect is a strong increase of the magnetocristalline anisotropy field, as measured by the SPD (singular point detection) method, when the degree of substitution increases. This effect can be explained using the "single-ion model", and is attributed to the localization of the Co2+ ion, in relation with the presence of the La3+ ion, on the so-called "central" octahedral sites of the M unit cell. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the magnetocristalline anisotropy field is strongly modified. The most interesting intrinsic composition is Sr0. 6La0. 4Fe11. 6Co0. 4O19. The investigation of the magnet properties shows a significant improvement. The remanent induction, thermal stability and, mainly, coercive field increase. However, the squareness of the demagnetization curve decreases. The optimal composition giving the best final magnetic properties is Sr0. 8La0. 2Fe11. 8Co0. 2O19. This is different from the optimal intrinsic composition. This difference can be explained by negative microstructural effects when the degree of substitution is higher than 0. 2. Particularly, the behaviour of the coercive field has been accurately described by taking in account both microstrutural evolution and intrinsic magnetic properties. Finally, to take full benefit from the effects of this substitution, this magnets have been optimized to improve the squareness of their demagnetization curve
Crisan, Alina Daniela. „Synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured magnetic FePt-based alloys“. Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1002.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work is a contribution to the study and development of a new class of permanent magnets based on the exchange spring effect. These materials are made of hard magnetic grains dispersed in a soft magnetic matrix. The coupling of hard magnetic grains through the soft matrix allows a significant improvement of the coercivity and remanence, and by consequence, an improved maximum energy product may be obtained in these alloys. The aim of this work is to synthesize this type of magnetic material starting with nanocrystalline FePt-based alloys. The rapid solidification by melt spinning method has been used to cast metastable precursor alloys with composition FePtNbB. After annealing, a microstructure made of hard magnetic nanograins of face-centred-tetragonal symmetry (L10 phase) with high uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (7 MJ/m3), dispersed in a residual soft magnetic phase with composition FePt(NbB) has been obtained. The differential scanning calorimetry studies as well as in situ X-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation in temperature and applied pressure have allowed the optimization of parameters of crystallization of the metastable precursor. The structural parameters of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry while the magnetic parameters were determined using VSM and SQUID magnetometry. The performances obtained at 300K, coercivity 850kA/m, remanence 0. 7 T and (BH)max 69 kJ/m3 show that these alloys are good candidates as permanent magnets
Cauchy, Thomas. „Systèmes magnétiques complexes avec des métaux de transition“. Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA methodology based on the density functional theory has been used to study firstly, the unusual magnetic properties of organometallics raidcals of the [CpNi(dithiolene)] family with for exemple a strong antiferromagnetic coupling through a weak interaction, and secondly the exchange interaction in iron and manganese polynuclear systems with oxo bridging ligands. Therefore, the exchange coupling constants have been calculated for the complexes fe4 with a butterfly geometry, Fe5, Fe6, Mn4 butterfly type, Mn10, Mn19 and Mn25. We wera able to establish magnetostructurals correlations and correlations between the exchange coupling constants and the cations electronic configuration in the iron and manganese butterfly complexes. The results obtained for the others complexes with a higher nuclearity show similar trends as observed in theses correlations, notably the ferromagnetic interactions in the Mn10 and Mn19 complexes
Le, Goff Xavier. „Elaboration et étude des propriétés physico - chimiques de nouveaux composés magnétiques“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811528.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePianet, Vivien-Maxime. „Propriétés statiques et dynamiques des chaînes aimants“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0245/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe size reduction of magnetic units able to store information is an important issue for the design of high-density data storage devices. The discovery of molecules that show slow relaxation of their magnetization, similar to classical magnets, is a great breakthrough in terms of molecular scale information storage. The work presented in this thesis is devoted to the study of the magnetic properties of Single Chain Magnets. Single Chain Magnets can be viewed as a one-dimensional assembly of anisotropic magnetic units linked by magnetic interactions. Beyond their potential applications, Single Chain Magnets are interesting prototypes for the fundamental study of spin chains. The first chapter of this manuscript summarizes some known static and dynamic properties of Single Chain Magnets. Chapter II is devoted to the static properties of domain walls, which link the magnetic domains in spin chains, considering various magnetic topologies. Chapter III is dedicated to the dynamic properties of Ising spin chains. In the Single Chain Magnet literature, the Glauber model is used to describe the dynamic properties of such spin chains. However, there exists an infinite number of dynamic Ising models. In this chapter, three dynamic models are studied in detail. We show that the presence of a magnetic field allows us to discern different magnetization relaxation behaviors associated with each dynamic model. These results allow us to establish two experimental protocols in order to determine the most suitable dynamic model to describe the properties of Single Chain Magnets
Bulicanu, Vladimir. „Synthesis and study of magnetic molecular materials based on Co(II) and Cr(II) trinuclear clusters containing M-M bonds“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis is described the synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of coordination compounds containing Co-Co or Cr-Cr bonds. In the first part of this work a general background is given on the historical evolution of this type of coordination chemistry. In the second chapter the possibility of incorporating a {Co3} cluster with dipyridylamide ligands and intermetallic bonds into one-dimentional coordination polymers is discussed. The interactions between spin centers and the effect of the bridging ligand were studied, and changes in the spin crossover properties were monitored and compared to the precursor. In the third chapter the Single-Molecule Magnet properties of a series of {Cr3} clusters are presented. The influence of the axial ligand and the symmetry of the molecule was considered and correlated to the magnetic properties. In the fourth chapter the phenomenon of coordination induced spin transition in a {Co3} cluster with dipyridylformamidinate ligands is discussed. Changes in magnetism and optical properties as a result of the breaking and restoring of a Co-Co bond were monitored as a function of temperature and light irradiation
Nozières, Jean-Pierre. „Aimants Nd-Fe-B préparés par corroyage à chaud d'alliages massifs : propriétés magnétiques et mécanismes de coercitivité“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFourmental, Cynthia. „Etude structurale d'interfaces organiques/métalliques avec propriétés magnétiques“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC112/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study at micrometric scale and nanoscale the structure of materials of interest for organic spintronics, focusing in particular on two crucial aspects to obtain good devices quality: molecular/metal interfaces and organic layers. In order to compare our results with theoretical predictions, we have used metallic single crystals and molecular deposition under ultra-high vacuum, allowing the obtention of high quality samples. We focused our study on two systems, one based on C60 and Cobalt and the other based on spin crossover molecules and Gold.To elucidate the structure of our samples, we used scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray scattering, two techniques that are complementary, one probing the local organization and the other the global otganization of the system. The results obtained were compared to ab initio calculations carried out on the same systems. Regarding the deposition of C60 molecules on a Co (0001) substrate, we have been able to demonstrate that the annealing of the sample leads to a structural transition of the interface, with the creation of Cobalt vacancies under each molecules, forming a periodic network. Before annealing, the molecular layer also exhibits high crystallinity. The Cobalt deposition on this molecular crystal causes a contraction of the lattice, due to Cobalt diffusion into interstitial sites. Finally, concerning the [FeII (HB (3,5- (CH3) 2Pz) 3) 2] spin-crossover complex deposited on Au (111), we have demonstrated an unexpected epitaxial relationship between the molecular lattice and the substrate
Cosquer, Goulven. „Magnétisme et luminescence de complexes d'ions 3d , 4f et 3d4f à ligands électroactifs tétrathiofulvalène : vers des matériaux à propriétés multiples“. Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMulti-functional molecular materials have a high interest for their physical properties, and their small size. This work has allowed the synthesis of 5 ligands based on the TTF fragment, and the obtaining of five families of 3d, 4f, and 3d4f ion complexes. The crystallographic structures of these five families were obtained. The luminescence of two families of 4f complexes was measured highlighting the enhancement of the luminescence intensity and the increase of the excited state lifetime when the ligand is alkylated. A quantitative analysis of the magnetic properties of 4f and3d4f complexes was developed and permit to determine the splitting of the MJ energy levels of the ground state of the lanthanide ion, and the intensity of magnetic exchange interaction between the copper and lanthanide. This calculated splitting has been correlated with the splitting obtained through the luminescence spectrum in the case of the ion ytterbium. Both dysprosium complexes display single molecule magnet behaviour. The role played by the presence of hydrogen bonding could be revealed by susceptibility measurements in solution, and by the alkylation of the ligand. The increase of the energy barrier value was correlated with the increase of the coordination polyhedron symmetry around the lanthanide ion
Naitabdi, Ahmed. „Auto-assemblage et propriétés magnétiques des nano-aimants moléculaires Mn12 et des clusters organo-bimétalliques sur la surface Au(111)“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/NAITABDI_Ahmed_2004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAronica, Christophe. „Ingénierie des matériaux magnétiques à base moléculaire : synthèses, structures et propriétés magnétiques de complexes de coordination d'éléments de transition d et f“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSibille, Romain. „Solides hybrides organique - inorganique à base de molécules dicarboxylates et d'éléments de transition 3d ou 4f : relations structure - propriétés magnétiques, effets de dimensionnalité“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0163/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and the structural and magnetic properties of crystalline solids resulting from the three-dimensional assembly of an organic dicarboxylate molecule and of an inorganic subnetwork based on transition metal cations. For the considered compounds the organic moiety has a structural role enabling the condensation of the magnetic atoms within a low dimensional (OD, 1D or 2D) inorganic subnetwork. This work aims to increase the understanding of the relations between structure and magnetic properties in these frameworks. New compounds have been synthesized and characterized (single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques), and a particular attention has been devoted to the study of bimetallic solid solutions of previously known compounds. In this latter case various methods are used in order to localize two metallic cations having close electronic densities among different crystallographic sites. Most of the hybrid solids studied in this thesis are based on 3d transition metal cations and their magnetism is investigated by various techniques, giving both a macroscopic characterization of their behavior (magnetization and heat capacity measurements) and a microscopic understanding of these properties (neutron diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy). A series of compounds based on 4f transition metal elements is also described, in particular because of the magnetic properties of the Gd(III)-based compound. Its low-temperature magnetocaloric effect has been evaluated and has proved being excellent
Cauchy, Thomas. „Système magnétiques complexes avec des métaux de transition“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiorescu, Irinel. „Effets quantiques magnétiques dans deux cas limites : molécules à haut spin et à bas spin“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenedí, Borobia Oscar. „Contribution à l'élaboration de molécules paramagnétiques précurseurs d'édifices supramoléculaires à couches ouvertes : polyradicaux à squelette phosphoré et complexes organo-métalliques“. Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12655.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIsnard, Olivier. „Rôle des éléments interstitiels sur les alliages pour aimants permanents à base d'éléments de terre rare et de fer : synthèse, étude structurale, analyse spectroscopique en relation avec les propriétés magnétiques“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoillot, Marie-Laure. „Interactions entre ions cuivre (II) à travers les ponts azido et cyanato : propriétés magnétiques et R.P.E“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe investigated the isotropic exchange interaction between copper (II) ions through the Azido Bridge in binuclear complexes. The azido bridge is compared to the hydroxo and the cyanato bridges in complexes of the kind I Cu X Y Cu l where X is a phenolato and Y is N₃⁻ are coordinated in 1,1 by the nitrogen atom, they exert a ferromagnetic contribution, in contrast with OH⁻. We propose an interpretation of this result, based on the shape and the energy of the H. O. M. O. In N₃⁻ and NCO⁻. We carried out a single crystal EPR investigation of a di-u (1,1) azido copper (II) complex exhibiting a triplet ground state (ferromagnetic interaction), from which it emerges that the anisotropic exchange is much more important than the dipolar interaction
Vert, Rénald. „Propriétés magnétiques et structurales des composés magnétiques anisotropes de la famille RFe12-xMxZy (R= élément de terre rare, M = élément stabilisateur, Z = élément interstitiel)“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10220.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFersi, Riadh. „Intermétalliques magnétiques praséodyme-cobaltnanostructurés : étude multiéchelle et optimisation“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work falls within the general framework of the structural and magnetic nanomaterials based magnetic rare earth (R) and transition metal (T) whose domain of application concerns the permanent magnets or magnetic recording high density. In search of new magnetic phases in performance characteristics, we were interested in the alloy Pr2Co7. This compound has interesting hard magnetic properties: high Curie temperature and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy important. From the perspective of magnetic exchange interactions Co-Co are the strongest, followed by R-Co interaction, while the RR interactions are very weak. The dominance of Co-Co interactions induces relatively high Curie temperatures in compounds Pr2Co7.The magnetocrystalline anisotropy results from the combination of two networks uniaxial anisotropy praseodymium and cobalt. To strengthen these interactions, it is necessary to partially substitute cobalt in compounds Pr2Co7 by an appropriate element such as iron which has a radius slightly larger than that of cobalt or by insertion of a light element the hydrogen and carbon that can increase the interatomic distances and enhance the magnetic moment. Moreover, along with intrinsic magnetic properties improves, it is necessary to optimize the extrinsic magnetic properties of the alloy by the search for a suitable nanocrystalline state corresponding to the potential applications. The extrinsic properties of compounds Pr2Co7 have been little studied.Several methods were used for the development of nanomaterials. In our study, we have W arranty the technique of high energy milling followed by recrystallization controlled synthesis method which until then had not yet been used to synthesize this type of compound. At this scale, the grain size becomes of the order of magnitude of the exchange length. This method which is a non-equilibrium synthesis process, allows the production of nanostructured powders metastable from a mixture of elemental powders. This technique is particularly effective in the case of alloys based on rare earth (Pr, Sm ...) that are extremely volatile. Indeed, it avoids the liquid state since the reaction takes place below the melting temperature and led to reproducible and large quantities of homogeneous alloys. We used different characterization methods, namely: the X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with EDX analysis, the magneto / susceptometer Manics DSM-8
Hugonnet, Brice. „Frittage et évolution de la microstructure au cours des traitements thermiques d'aimants NdFeB : influence sur les propriétés magnétiques“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI079/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdFeB hard magnets are the most powerful magnets commercially available. Their outstanding properties originate from Nd2Fe14B intrinsic properties and from the microstructure imposed by the manufacturing process. These magnets are generally obtained by liquid phase sintering of an oriented monocrystalline powder which enables a microstructure made of grain magnetically decoupled by a thin neodymium-rich layer which is optimally distributed in the magnet after a low temperature annealing. For them to be used in electrical engines and generators, dysprosium is usually added so that the coercivity is high enough at the working temperature. But dysprosium is rare and expensive and lowers the remnant induction. It is therefore important to get free of its usage by a better understanding of the links between the manufacturing process and the microstructure, so that the final magnetic properties can be optimized.First, this thesis deals with NdFeB sintering on an alloyed commercial grade. The high shrinkage anisotropy during densification is not clearly explained and its interpretation could bring information on the magnetic properties. Dilatometric studies have been performed along orientation direction as well as along the transverse direction. Sintering has been interrupted at different times and the microstructure was observed. Image analysis has enabled to understand, thanks to an analytical model, that a part of the anisotropy could be explained by an anisotropic contact orientation distribution, originating from the magnetic orientation step. Discrete element modelling has confirmed this approach.The second part of the thesis deals with the role of the most commonly used alloying elements on the magnetic properties: aluminum, cobalt and copper. Around twenty different model grades were examined with composition close to the ones of commercial magnets. After having been sintered, the samples were annealed at temperatures deduced from DSC measurements. Results show that the three elements have cross effects on coercivity. Beyond coercivity, demagnetizing curve shape is sensitive to the composition and annealing temperature and gives important information on the role of the alloying elements on the microstructure
Lefevre, Alain. „Etude des équilibres de phases dans le système quinaire Sm-Co-Zr-Cu-Fe, influence structurale du zirconium : application à l'élaboration d'aimants permanents de type 2-17“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO19002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBénard, Sophie. „Synthèse et étude de matériaux organique-inorganiques bidimensionnels associant ferromagnétisme, propriétés optiques non linéaires et photochromisme“. Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and the study of materials combining magnetic properties with optical properties (nonlinear optic [NLO] or photochromism). In the first chapter, we summarize the basic principles governing the optical activity of molecules, and give a non-exhaustive survey of the investigations in the field of NLO and photochromism. The lamellar magnetic systems utilized are then described. A last section is dedicated to the interactions that might occur between physical properties existing in this material. The second chapter reports the attempts carried out to achieve combination in the same material of NLO and magnetic properties. Various kinds of hyperpolarizable chromophores, derived from tetraphenylphosphonium cation or silbazolium type, have been synthesized and used for the construction of 2D molecular-based magnets C[MᴵᴵCr(C₂O₄)₃, (Mᴵᴵ = Mn, Fe, CO, Ni, Cu). The large number of compounds obtained has been characterized by IR, UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction. Their magnetic and NLO properties have been measured, and two structures have been solved. The results are discussed in an attempt of establishing "structure-NLO property" relationships. Finally, various attempts at characterizing a possible interaction between magnetic and NLO properties are discussed. The third chapter reports the synthesis and the study of all compounds exhibiting photochromic properties, and their association with magnetic properties. The first section deals with the photochromic species: spiropyran and spirooxazine cations. They exhibit photochromism both in solution and in the crystalline sate. This specificity has never been observed in this family of compounds. Section II presents the synthesis and the study of molecular-based magnets containing these spiropyran cations. Evidence of a reciprocal influence between both properties is presented. In section III, intercalation of the same photochromic cations into MPS₃layered phases is reported
Tia, Philippe. „Etude paramétrique des performances d'une structure de machine synchrone à aimants alternés, concentration de flux et bobinages globalisés“. Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl-Khatib, Fatima. „Synthèse, caractérisation et études magnétiques de complexes de Co(II) et de Ni(II) avec des ligands de type cryptands“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor molecular magnetic materials to be used in applications, they must retain their magnetization at reasonable temperatures, which can be achieved with high-energy barriers for magnetization reversal and slow relaxation of the magnetization. In the field of Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs), over the last decade, the main focus has shifted from large spin complexes to highly anisotropic systems which have displayed high energy barriers.1 Here, we used a cryptand ligand that forces a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement to obtain a large (in absolute value) negative zero field splitting parameter D.2 In order to use these molecules as models for entangled quantum bits (qbits), the cryptand ligand was chosen to have two coordination sites allowing the design of chemically stable binuclear complexes with tunable antiferromagnetic coupling. We prepared pentacoordinate complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with different bridging ligands (Cl-, Br-, NO3-, N3-, Im-, etc.). Magnetic measurements indicated an Ising type anisotropy and weak antiferromagnetic coupling as expected from the nature of the bridging ligands (N3- and Im-) and the trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the metal ions
Bertin, Annabelle. „Synthèse et caractérisation de chélateurs dendritiques : Vers de nouveaux agents de contraste IRM et radiopharmaceutiques ciblant le cerveau et de nouvelles molécules à propriétés magnétiques“. Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe evolution of scientific techniques improves day by day the quality of human health and life. New imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine, which allow visualization within a body via a non-invasive way, are examples of this scientific progress. Given the fact that for a great number of MRI examinations the sensitivity is too low, the use of synthetic contrast agents or radiopharmaceuticals is not only paramount but even mandatory. A main axis of current development concerns functional imaging which, in particular, is a fundamental tool for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in neuro-degenerative diseases. Thus, the goal of our research is to develop a new strategy for the elaboration of brain-specific radiopharmaceuticals by means of chemical engineering and, in particular, dendrimers chemistry. Such an approach is promising as the diversity of functionalization brought by the arborescent structure of the dendrimer simultaneously solves the problems of biocompatibility, low toxicity, large in vivo stability and vectorization to which new specific radiopharmaceuticals must answer to fit the market. In a first part, my work is focused on the development of two new dendro-chelates able to complex ions such as Gadolinium (III) (MRI), Manganese (II) (MEMRI), and 99mTechnetium (III) (SPECT). The first one is based on a DTPA (diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid) derivative and the second dendro-chelate based on a synthetical water soluble siderophore (a tripodal derivative bearing one bidentate ligand on each arm). In a second part, magnetic nanoparticules were functionnalised with dendrimers to obtain new T2 contrast agents
Benabderrahmane, Chamseddine. „Développement d’un onduleur cryogénique à aimants permanents Pr2Fe14B au Synchrotron SOLEIL“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUndulators are magnetic systems which produce periodic magnetic field. Synchrotron radiation sources called third generation produce high intensity radiation when relativistic particles are accelerated in this magnetic field. The radiation is emitted at shorter wave length for high magnetic field and small period undulators. A first solution consists to integrate the magnetic system in a big vacuum chamber. The subject of the thesis is to improve the magnetic performance of an in vacuum undulator of 30 % by cooling down the magnetic system at cryogenic temperature. Using Pr2Fe14B permanent magnet allows cooling down directly to the liquid nitrogen temperature which simplified the cooling system.IN chapter I the magnetic characteristics of undulators are described, different types of undulators are presented and the state of the art of cryogenic undulator is given. In chapter II permanent magnet samples Pr2Fe14B Nd2Fe14B from different companies are characterised. Two four period prototypes, one with Pr2Fe14B and one with Nd2Fe14B have been assembled and measured to compare with the magnetic system simulation. The magnetic design of a full scale 2 m Pr2Fe14B undulator has been performed. The period of the undulator is optimised and the magnetic forces calculated. In chapter III the mechanical design of the carriage and different mechanical parts is presented. Thermal studies which include the dissipated power from different mechanical parts and from the electrons beam for all filling modes and different positions in SOLEIL storage ring. The cooling system is optimised and the design of the cooled girders is presented. In chapter IV the different magnetic measurements methods are described and the magnetic measurement bench used at SOLEIL presented. The design of magnetic bench installed in the vacuum chamber and dedicated to the magnetic measurement at cryogenic temperature is presented. In chapter V the different steps for the construction of an in-vacuum undulator (magnetic assembly, shimming, magic finger, mechanical assembly of the vacuum chamber, installation and commissioning with the electrons beam) are presented. In chapter VI the different steps of the constructing of a cryogenic undulator, the assembly and the ajustement of cryogenic temperature magnetic bench are described. The magnetic measurements of the undulator at cryogenic and room temperature are compared. The commissioning of the undulator with the electrons beam is presented and the perspectives to improve this cryogenic undulator are proposed
Berlureau, Thierry. „Propriétés structurales et magnétiques de quelques pseudobinaires et ternaires ferromagnétiques à température de Curie élevée préparés dans les systèmes : terres rares (Nd, Sm)-fer-hydrogène ; gadolinium-fer-aluminium ; uranium-fer ou cobalt-silicium ou germanium“. Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR1A577.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerlureau, Thierry. „Propriétés structurales et magnétiques de quelques pseudobinaires et ternaires ferromagnétiques à température de Curie élevée préparés dans les systèmes : terres rares (Nd, Sm)-fer-hydrogène ; gadolinium-fer-aluminium ; uranium-fer ou cobalt-silicium ou germanium“. Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10635.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpecklin, David. „Propriétés magnétiques et structurales de complexes moléculaires supportés par des ligands de type acyle-hydrazone“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work consists in the study of the coordination chemistry of acyl-hydrazone ligands, following the discovery of a manganese (III) dinuclear complex showing a strong ferromagnetic coupling. The development of the acyl-hydrazone coordination to first-row transitional metals resulted in several dinuclear complexes allowing the study of the relationship between their structural and magnetic properties. In a second part the study of several coordination polymers of alkali and alkali-earth metals bearing acyl-hydrazone ligands functionalized with a sulfonate group is presented. Finally the synthesis of two anthracene-based ligands is presented along a study of their coordination properties
Hajiani, Pouya. „New magnetic stimulation routes with magnetic nanoparticles from process intensification in chemical engineering“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29833/29833.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted significant interest in diverse areas of engineering and research. Particle size and magnetic properties of suspended MNPs in a suspension allow their manipulation at a distance using appropriate external magnetic fields. In particular by enabling additional functionality in forms anchored to metal catalysts, enzymes or therapeutic drug agents. Owing to this feature, MNPs have been involved in many applications where mixing in micro-scale is also a critical issue, e.g., catalytic reaction, separation and drug delivery. This thesis explores MNPs as nano-scale devices to manipulate mixing in micro-scale when the whole system is subject to magnetic fields. All the experiments were performed in tubular two-pole, three-phase stator winding magnet, generating uniform rotating magnetic field (RMF), oscillating magnetic field (OMF) and stationary magnetic field (SMF). Initially, we present a mixing technique in which a RMF converts MNPs into nano-stirrers generating small vortices in liquid phase. Using this technique, self-diffusion coefficient of motionless water in a static diffusion cell was intensified up to 200 folds. Systematic studies of operating parameters revealed that the extent of enhancement depends on MNP volume fraction, and strength and frequency in magnetic field. In order to understand the effect of hydrodynamic torque on the MNPs behavior under magnetic fields, convective flow was also included. As such, axial dispersion of pressure-driven laminar Poiseuille flows in a capillary tube (Taylor dispersion test) was examined through a series of impulse (residence time distribution) RTD tests with and without RMF. This resulted in lateral mixing along the channel that was promoted relative to that in absence of MNPs or magnetic field. Moreover, we interpreted the observed hydrodynamic effects of such lateral mixing on laminar velocity profile as resulting from an approach to plug flow-like flat velocity profile. Using the same technique, the effect of OMF and SMF on Taylor dispersion and laminar velocity profile was examined in capillary flows. OMF did not induce nano-convective mixing in the capillary and had negligible impact on axial dispersion. On the contrary, SMF deteriorated lateral mixing of solute tracer and led to velocity profiles deviating from parabolic shape towards more protruded ones. A detailed discussion of magnetic field orientation versus fluid vorticity vector was presented. Finally a multiphase flow case concerned gas-liquid mass transfer from oxygen Taylor bubbles to the liquid in capillaries which was studied using dilute concentration of MNPs as the liquid phase under RMF, OMF and SMF. Experimental results implied that spinning MNPs under RMF improved mixing in the lubricating film that surrounds Taylor bubbles which reflected in a measurable enhancement of kLa. On the contrary, SMF pinned MNPs leading to systematically degraded gas-liquid mass transfer rates whereas axial oscillating magnetic field had no detectable effects on the mass transfer coefficient. Moreover, interaction between magnetic torque and hydrodynamic torque to dominate MNP spin direction was conceived from these results.
Dessinges, Marie Noëlle. „Propriétés élastiques d'une molécule d'ADN simple brin et interactions ADN-Hélicase à l'échelle de la molécule unique“. Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001765.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSiretanu, Diana. „Fonctionnalisation de matériaux moléculaires magnétiques : vers des systèmes soluble et cristaux liquides“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14367/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we tried to develop hybrid magnetic material chemistry in order to get soft systems that can be easy-processable. This work deals with functionalization of the organic part of interesting molecule-based magnetic materials by groups known to induce liquid crystal phase or to increase the solubility. We achieved the rational functionalization of molecule-based magnetic materials, like (i) Single-Molecule Magnets (SMM), (ii) Spin Crossover (SC), and (iii) Electron Transfer (ET) systems, towards more soluble systems and liquid crystal phases.Chapter I contains general information about three important classes of magnetic complexes: SMMs, SC and ET systems. In order to illustrate the motivation of our work, a bibliographic study about hybrid magnetic materials is then presented. Rational ligand functionalization of SMMs and SC systems towards liquid crystalline phases are discussed in Chapter II and III, respectively. New functionalized Mn12 complexes, FeII/triazole-based and [FeII(LN2O2)(LN)2] systems were obtained. The conservation of magnetic properties after ligand functionalization was confirmed, but unfortunately, these new compounds do not show mesomorphic behaviour below the decomposition temperature. The Chapter IV is focused on ligand functionalization of ET complexes. Alkyl functionalization of the ligand provides a good solubility to these complexes, and the thermally-induced switchable behaviour observed in solid state has been successfully transferred to dilute solutions
Mousavi, Sangdehi Maliheh Sadat. „Évaluation du potentiel des briques [M(NCS)6]3(2)- (M=MoIII,ReIV) en magnétisme moléculaire“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1718/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concerns the field of molecular magnetic materials. Our goal was to investigate the potential of the {M(NCQ)6}3-, (M = MoIII, ReIV; Q = S, Se) anionic complexes for the preparation of thiocyanato-bridged {3d-4(5)d} heterometallic compounds with efficient exchange couplings. Spin density distributions obtained from DFT calculations on {Mo(NCS)6}3-, {Mo(NCSe)6}3-, {Re(NCS)6}2- show that the magnetic information is efficiently transferred from the metal to the ligands. Experimental insights into the magnetic communication mediated by NCS between MoIII and either Co, Ni have been deduced from the magnetic behavior of a series of isomorphic compounds of formula {[M(NCQ}6{M'LN4}2(NCS)] (M = CrIII, MoIII; M' = NiII, CoII ; Q = S, Se). The magnetic studies and their analysis show that Mo-NCS-Ni interaction is strong (JMoNi/Co = -50 cm-1) and twice Cr-Ni interaction. Because S atom can bind preferentially soft metal ions, we have used this property to obtain the mixed valence coordination polymer [{Mo(NCS}6{NiIILN4}]8{CoIIILN4Br2} and the related heterotrimetallic derivative [{Mo(NCS}6{NiIILN4}]8{CoIIILN4Br2}. We also describe a bidimensional system {Mo2Co3} which behaves as a ferri-magnet with TC = 40 K. Two examples of hetero-metallic architectures Mo-Cu are presented and finally, in the last part of this manuscript, the formation of polymetallic aggregates between Ni or Cu-Schiff bases complexes and potassium salts are described
Darbinean, Elena. „Fonctionnalisation rationnelle de matériaux moléculaires : vers des liquides et des cristaux-liquides magnétiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0556.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeveloping efficient methods to process molecular magnetic materials remains a considerable challenge and constitutes one of the critical steps toward possible applications. In this scope, the development magnetic hybrids featuring liquid crystal properties or improved solubility appears as a promising approach. This thesis work aimed to design, synthetize and characterize new hybridmaterials based on the single-molecule magnets (SMMs), spin crossover (SCO) and electrontransfer (ET) complexes. Chapter I contains general information and theoretical concepts on these three classes of magnetic complexes (SMMs, SCO and ET complexes), followed by a bibliographicsurvey on hybrid magnetic materials. Chapter II, rational is focused on the functionalization ofMn12-based SMM towards liquid crystalline phases. In Chapter III, a series of pyridylbenzohydrazone-based Fe(II) SCO complexes is investigated in both crystalline and soft matter phase. Chapter IV is dedicated to the study of cyanido-bridged {Fe2M2} molecular squares(M = Co(II), Ni(II)), which are known to exhibit SMM and thermally- or photo induced ET,respectively with Co(II) and Ni(II). In these three experimental chapters, the influence of ligand functionalization on self-organization, thermal and magnetic properties of the resulting materials is discussed in detail
Achkar, Charbel. „Etudes de nanostructures magnétiques auto-organisées et épitaxiées par synthèse organométallique en solution sur des surfaces cristallines“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elaboration of this thesis aims to characterize the magnetic and structural properties of magnetic nanostructures obtained by a new mixed physical / chemical synthesis method, called hybrid growth. The first part of the work consists in the development of thin metal films on substrates by cathode sputtering. Furthermore, the chemical synthesis conducted by organometallic chemistry on those thin films, results in an array of ultra-dense Co monocristallins hcp nanowires, or nanostructured Fe films. Additionally, The SEM/TEM observations and the X-ray diffraction measurements conducted on the substrates and induced by the crystlalline structure of the thin film, show the high impact on the magnetic nanostructures morphology and growth direction.Moreover, the magnetic measurements executed on the Co nanowires array show a strong magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the substrate. This observation is obtained due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy acting along the nanowire axis (Co hcp structure with the c axis parallel to the nanowire axis) in the same direction of the nanowires shape anisotropy. The magnetization within these structures is thermally stable. It follows a coherent magnetization reversal mode that has not been observed in the polycrystalline structures up to now. Finally, the self-organization of the nanowires as well as their high density and stable magnetization nominate this system for their application in high density magnetic storage devices
Bastardis, Roland. „Dérivations et extractions de hamiltoniens modèles pour l'étude de composés à propriétés électroniques remarquables“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/82/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is to identify the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the macroscopic of molecular and crystalline magnetic compounds. A first part is devoted to the explicitly correlated ab initio methods allowing the study of such compounds. We propose an original method to introduce the dynamical polarization effects though a series of constrained SCF calculations. Then we show how the embedded cluster method combined with the effective Hamiltonian theory makes possible the rational and controlled extraction of model Hamiltonians likely to reproduce the macroscopic properties. We are interested in the isotropic deviations from Heisenberg behavior and propose a new Hamiltonian including a three-body operator susceptible to change the collective properties. The following chapter compares the capabilities of the double exchange, Heisenberg and Hubbard Hamiltonians to reproduce the chemical physics of doped-manganites. It is shown that the physics of a Hubbard Hamiltonian is contained in the simpler double exchange and Heisenberg Hamiltonians, in the case of a Mn dimer bridged by an oxygen, and that the energy expressions obtained from these last two Hamiltonians are analytically identical. Finally, we show that only a double exchange Hamiltonian, taking account both non-Hund state effects and a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic contribution, accurately describes the microscopic physics of these compounds
Berlureau, Thierry. „Propriétés structurales et magnétiques de quelques composes pseudo-binaires et ternaires ferromagnétiques a température de Curie élevée préparés dans les systèmes: -> terres rares (Nd, Sm) - Fer - Hydrogene-> Gadolinium - Fer - Aluminium-> Uranium - Fer ou Cobalt - Silicium ou Germanium“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164556.
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