Thematische Bibliographien / Module price

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Module price“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Module price"

Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino und Yugo Inagaki. „Empirical analysis of factors influencing the price of solar modules“. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, Nr. 1 (01.04.2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2018-0005.

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Purpose One of the key drivers behind the recent growth in the global solar energy market is the decline in solar module prices. Many empirical analyses have been carried out to identify the mechanism behind this price reduction. However, studies on the price reduction mechanism of solar modules over the years have focused purely on the technological aspect of manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to consider the influence of economic and monetary factors such as the interest rate and exchange rate on solar module pricing in addition to other factors that considered in earlier studies including technology, wage rate and other energy prices. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an oligopolistic model and econometric method are used to determine the economic factors that have an influence on solar module prices. The paper constructs a solar module pricing model and conducts a fully modified ordinary least squares analysis to estimate the influence of each factor. Analysis is conducted for the top five solar module producing countries in the world from 1997 to 2015. The five countries are the People’s Republic of China, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the USA. Findings Empirical analysis provides several findings concerning the solar module pricing mechanism. These vary for each country. However, generally the interest rate has a positive correlation with solar module prices, while the exchange rate, knowledge stock and oil price have a negative correlation with solar module prices. Practical implications First, the government must expand channels for renewable energy funding. As renewable industries are high-tech, the influence that capital cost has on technology price is significant. Government efforts to provide industries with low-interest finance will accelerate renewable business. There have been many attempts to lower interest rates for renewable energy technology to accelerate growth in the green technology market. Second, the government must expand research and development (R&D) expenditures focused on renewable energy technology. The technological advancements acquired through R&D enhance module performance efficiency, thereby reducing costs. Therefore, government policies aimed at increasing targeted R&D expenditure will be an effective means of expanding the installation of renewable energies. Originality/value Studies on the price reduction mechanism of solar modules over the years have focused purely on the technological aspect of the manufacturing. This is the first research to bring economic, monetary and technological factors of solar module pricing together.

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Hafeez, Ghulam, Noor Islam, Ammar Ali, Salman Ahmad und Muhammad Usman and Khurram Saleem Alimgeer. „A Modular Framework for Optimal Load Scheduling under Price-Based Demand Response Scheme in Smart Grid“. Processes 7, Nr. 8 (01.08.2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080499.

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With the emergence of the smart grid (SG), real-time interaction is favorable for both residents and power companies in optimal load scheduling to alleviate electricity cost and peaks in demand. In this paper, a modular framework is introduced for efficient load scheduling. The proposed framework is comprised of four modules: power company module, forecaster module, home energy management controller (HEMC) module, and resident module. The forecaster module receives a demand response (DR), information (real-time pricing scheme (RTPS) and critical peak pricing scheme (CPPS)), and load from the power company module to forecast pricing signals and load. The HEMC module is based on our proposed hybrid gray wolf-modified enhanced differential evolutionary (HGWmEDE) algorithm using the output of the forecaster module to schedule the household load. Each appliance of the resident module receives the schedule from the HEMC module. In a smart home, all the appliances operate according to the schedule to reduce electricity cost and peaks in demand with the affordable waiting time. The simulation results validated that the proposed framework handled the uncertainties in load and supply and provided optimal load scheduling, which facilitates both residents and power companies.

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Meng, Zixuan, Lin Hao und Yong Tan. „Freemium Pricing in Digital Games with Virtual Currency“. Information Systems Research 32, Nr. 2 (Juni 2021): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0976.

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Providers of free-to-play games often gain revenue by monetizing players’ playtime, for example, through in-game advertising and by selling premium modules of the game. One emerging strategy to sell the premium module, known as the virtual selling strategy, is to set the module price based on an amount of virtual currency that players can either spend on playtime to earn or use real currency to buy. In this paper, we examine how the virtual selling strategy leads to different market outcomes than the traditional real selling strategy where players can purchase the premium module using real currency only. We focus on the differences caused by one specific feature—players can pay for the module indirectly using their playtime in the virtual selling strategy. We show that when the provider’s efficiency of monetizing players’ playtime, that is, the time revenue rate, is above a threshold, the virtual selling strategy will benefit the provider and hurt the overall consumer surplus compared with the real selling strategy, even though players in the virtual selling strategy have one additional way, that is, using their playtime, to pay for the module. We identify an undocumented overcompensation effect that causes the profit augmentation and the surplus reduction. The overcompensation effect also results in a U-shaped relationship between the equilibrium module price and the time revenue rate in the virtual selling strategy when the module only provides a small number of new gaming stages. It contradicts the traditional result from the real selling strategy that the provider shall reduce the module price when she becomes more efficient in monetizing players’ playtime.

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Fu, Xian Cheng, Lei Zhou und Guo Jun Wen. „Ultrasonic Ranging System Based on Single Chip Microprocessor“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (Dezember 2013): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.360.

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Ultrasonic ranging (UR) technology has being used widely in many industries around the world. This paper aims to design and manufacture an ultrasonic distance measuring system with lower price and higher accuracy. Based on the deep study of principle of ultrasonic ranging, we designed the general plan and detailed electrical circuits for the ultrasonic distance measuring system based on single chip microprocessor of AT89S52, including the transmitter module of ultrasonic wave, receiving module of ultrasonic wave, display module etc. Then, we compiled the relative driven programs for all modules. After that, we debugged the combined system of hardware and software system. At last, the experimental results show that the cost is about 300RMB for 3 prototypes, measuring rang is 0.16~1.5m with the accuracy of 0.001mm, which means the ranging system meets the design requirements of lower price and higher accuracy.

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Satish, Kuppani, und A. Rama Mohan Reddy. „Resource Allocation in Grid Computing Environment Using Genetic–Auction Based Algorithm“. International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2018010101.

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The main core functionality of Grid Computing is resource allocation and scheduling. With the idea of genetic algorithms and microeconomics, it is proposed a Resource allocation method called a genetic-auction based algorithm [GAAB]. This algorithm contains two modules, auction module and genetic approach. Auction module find outs resource-trading price between resource provider and resource buyer, and the resource allocation carried out by Genetic algorithm by considering both time and cost constraints simultaneously. In this article, evaluations are made in the simulation environment and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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Tran, Duc Trong. „Assigning of land location and land price to land parcel using ArcGIS engine“. Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, Nr. 1 (28.02.2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(1).04.

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Assigning a state price to each land parcel is a frequent and yet important task in the state management of land parcels. Land price is issued for each street. For each street, land price is divided according to level of location 1, 2, 3 and 4. Parcel is assigned to which location level depending on its walking distance to nearest street, and passed minimum alley’s width, etc. The task of valuing land parcels is cumbersome because the number of land parcels to be priced is huge. To alleviate this burden for government staff, a step by step processing model is developed to automatically determine the location level of a particular parcel. Using ArcGIS Engine library and VB.NET programming language, the steps in the proposed model are built into functions in a specialized module for land valuation. Experiment in assigning location level and land prices of Tam Hiep ward, Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province shows that 91,73% of parcels are assigned the same location level as the location on the issued land location map. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed model in automatically determining location levels and corresponding prices of land parcels.

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Park, Jeong Eun, Won Seok Choi und Donggun Lim. „Cell/Module Integration Technology with Wire-Embedded EVA Sheet“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (02.05.2021): 4170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094170.

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Silicon wafers are crucial for determining the price of solar cell modules. To reduce the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic devices, the thicknesses of wafers are reduced. However, the conventional module manufacturing method using the tabbing process has a disadvantage in that the cell is damaged because of the high temperature and pressure of the soldering process, which is complicated, thus increasing the process cost. Consequently, when the wafer is thinned, the breakage rate increases during the module process, resulting in a lower yield; further, the module performance decreases owing to cracks and thermal stress. To solve this problem, a module manufacturing method is proposed in which cells and wires are bonded through the lamination process. This method minimizes the thermal damage and mechanical stress applied to solar cells during the tabbing process, thereby manufacturing high-power modules. When adopting this method, the front electrode should be customized because it requires busbarless solar cells different from the existing busbar solar cells. Accordingly, the front electrode was designed using various simulation programs such as Griddler 2.5 and MathCAD, and the effect of the diameter and number of wires in contact with the front finger line of the solar cell on the module characteristics was analyzed. Consequently, the efficiency of the module manufactured with 12 wires and a wire diameter of 0.36 mm exhibited the highest efficiency at 20.28%. This is because even if the optical loss increases with the diameter of the wire, the series resistance considerably decreases rather than the loss of the short-circuit current, thereby improving the fill factor. The characteristics of the wire-embedded ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheet module were confirmed to be better than those of the five busbar tabbing modules manufactured by the tabbing process; further, a high-power module that sufficiently compensated for the disadvantages of the tabbing module was manufactured.

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Zhu, Chun Dong, Wei Tian, Xuan Zhang und Wei Fan Yin. „Parametric Design of Friction Plate Based on VB and Pro/E“. Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (Januar 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.277.

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This paper introduces the secondary development of Pro/E with VB , established the parametric design software of friction plate which including part design module and quotation module. In parts design module user can input parts parameters for automatically model regeneration in Pro/E. Quotation module solved the common problems such as long time-consuming and inaccurate calculation, provided a more convenient, fast and practical tool for quoted price.

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Kopecek, Radovan, und Joris Libal. „Bifacial Photovoltaics 2021: Status, Opportunities and Challenges“. Energies 14, Nr. 8 (08.04.2021): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082076.

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In this paper we summarize the status of bifacial photovoltaics (PV) and explain why the move to bifaciality is unavoidable when it comes to e.g., lowest electricity generation costs or agricultural PV (AgriPV). Bifacial modules—those that are sensitive to light incident from both sides—are finally available at the same price per watt peak as their standard monofacial equivalents. The reason for this is that bifacial solar cells are the result of an evolution of crystalline Si PV cell technology and, at the same time, module producers are increasingly switching to double glass modules anyway due to the improved module lifetimes, which allows them to offer longer product warrantees. We describe the general properties of the state-of-the-art bifacial module, review the different bifacial solar cells and module technologies available on the market, and summarize their average costs. Adding complexity to a module comes with the increase of possible degradation mechanisms, requiring more thorough testing, e.g., for rear side PID (Potential Induced Degradation). We show that with the use of bifacial modules in fixed tilt systems, gains in annual energy yield of up to 30% can be expected compared to the monofacial equivalent. With the combination of bifacial modules in simple single axis tracking systems, energy yield increases of more than 40% can be expected compared to fixed tilt monofacial installations. Rudimentary simulations of bifacial systems can be performed with commercially available programs. However, when more detailed and precise simulations are required, it is necessary to use more advanced programs such as those developed at several institutes. All in all, as bifacial PV—being the most cost-effective PV solution—is now becoming also bankable, it is becoming the overall best technology for electricity generation.

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Zhang, Zuo, Xinhai Lu, Min Zhou, Yan Song, Xiang Luo und Bing Kuang. „Complex Spatial Morphology of Urban Housing Price Based on Digital Elevation Model: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 2 (11.01.2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020348.

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In a city, housing price varies with location. Thus, housing price plays an important role in detecting the spatial pattern of the city. Spatial interpolation methods have been widely used for simulating and predicting urban housing prices. In this paper, the Ordinary Kriging interpolation method is used for producing the digital elevation model (DEM) of urban housing prices. Based on the three-dimensional DEM of urban housing price, this paper develops a novel approach for geo–visual analytics of urban housing prices. To investigate and visualize the spatial morphology of housing price, we design the Water-flooding, Section-cutting and Belt-floating methods, and implement these methods with the 3D-analyst module in GIS environment. Then, we take Wuhan City as a case, apply this approach to analyze the complex spatial morphologic characteristics of the DEM for housing price and visualize the results from the multidimensional perspectives. The results show that the Water-flooding method effectively supports the investigation of the top areas of surface changes; Section-cutting method performs well in examining the profile or cross-section of the urban housing surface; and Belt-floating method is helpful for detecting the spatial variance of the urban housing surface through the routes of specific lines. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach works better than traditional methods in describing the complex spatial morphology of urban housing prices, and has an advantage in visualizing the analysis results.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Module price"

Ndiritu, Gachiri Charles. „An Application of Multiple Regression in Exchange Rate Arrangements“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1863_1263418792.

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This project "
An application of multiple regression in exchange rate arrangement"
focused on the processes followed by different countries when choosing an exchange rate regime for currency stabilization. It analyses the consequences faced by emerging markets as a result of changes in volatility of developed countries&rsquo
currencies (American Dollar, Japanese Yen, EURO, British Pound and the Canadian Dollar).

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Nygren, Anton, und Elin Sundström. „Modelling bifacial photovoltaic systems : Evaluating the albedo impact on bifacial PV systems based on case studies in Denver, USA and Västerås, Sweden“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55111.

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This study aims to develop a simulation and optimisation tool for bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules based on the open-source code OptiCE and evaluate dynamic and static albedo impact on a bifacial PV system. Further, a review of the market price development of bifacial PVs' and an optimisation to maximise energy output was conducted. Two case studies with bifacial PV modules, a single-axis tracker in Denver, USA, and a vertical and a tilted system installed at a farm outside Västerås, Sweden, were analysed in this study. The results showed that an hourly dynamic albedo value could provide more accurate simulation results of the rear side irradiance for the bifacial single-axis tracker than a static albedo value. The developed model showed an R2 accuracy of 93% and 91% for the front and rear sides, respectively, when simulated with an hourly albedo value for the bifacial single-axis tracker system. The optimisation was based on weather data from 2020. The results showed that the tilted reference system could increase its energy output by 8.5% by adjusting its tilt from 30° to 54° and its azimuth angle from 0 to -39°. In contrast, the vertical system would increase its energy output by 2.1% by rotating the azimuth angle from -90° to -66°. Conclusions that could be drawn are that bifacial PV price has closed in on the high-performance monofacial PV price the last five years and may continue to decrease in the coming years. Further, it was concluded that detailed dynamic albedo values lead to more accurate simulations of the ground-reflected irradiance. The availability of measured albedo data at the location is essential when the ground-reflected irradiance stands for a significant share of the irradiance. It was determined that during 2020 the optimal configurations of a vertical and tilted bifacial PV system in Västerås would save 11 300 SEK by consuming self-produced electricity and earn 11 600 SEK from selling the surplus of electricity for the farm outside Västerås.

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Sherwell, Cabello Pablo. „Three essays concerning economic analysis associated with the supply chain“. [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1715.

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Moyer, Adam C. „Self-Evolving Data Collection Through Analytics and Business Intelligence to Predict the Price of Cryptocurrency“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1604656483616404.

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Hubalek, Friedrich, und Walter Schachermayer. „When does convergence of asset price processes imply convergence of option prices?“ SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1768/1/document.pdf.

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We consider weak convergence of a sequence of asset price models (Sn) to a limiting asset price model S. A typical case for this situation is the convergence of a sequence of binomial models to the Black-Scholes model, as studied by Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein. We put emphasis on two different aspects of this convergence: firstly we consider convergence with respect to the given "physical" probability measures (Pn) and secondly with respect to the "risk-neutral" measures (Qn) for the asset price processes (Sn). (In the case of non-uniqueness of the risk-neutral measures also the question of the "good choice" of (Qn) arises.) In particular we investigate under which conditions the weak convergence of (Pn) to P implies the weak convergence of (Qn) to Q and thus the convergence of prices of derivative securities. The main theorem of the present paper exhibits an intimate relation of this question with contiguity properties of the sequences of measures (Pn) with respect to (Qn) which in turn is closely connected to asymptotic arbitrage properties of the sequence (Sn) of security price processes. We illustrate these results with general homogeneous binomial and some special trinomial models. (author's abstract)
Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"

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Valeš, Jaromír. „Analýza personální práce“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74752.

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The goal of this thesis is to become familiar with the personal module within the framework of enterprise information system DIALOG 3000S and subsequent suggestion of measure and procedure when implementing its functions in operation. First of all, it concerns the functions linked with the organizational structure and professions within integrated. Theoretical part is focused on general introduction of enterprise processes widely, then the issues of personal information system are analyzed, especially its integration to the enterprise information system as a whole. The practical part features introduction of the company Romotop, ltd. and information system DIALOG 3000S, firstly its integrated personal module. Then the actual situation of the module is analyzed and thus the reflections which function should be putted in operation and the way of the procedure.

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關惠貞 und Wai-ching Josephine Kwan. „Trend models for price movements in financial markets“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211513.

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Ellvin, Anders, und Tobias Pulls. „Implementing a Privacy-Friendly Secure Logging Module into the PRIME Core“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5439.

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When individuals access services online they are often required to disclose excessive amounts of personally identifiable information, with little to no transparency on how the information is used. One of the goals of the EU research project PrimeLife is to help people regain control of their private sphere in today's networked world. As part of PrimeLife a software prototype, named the PRIME Core, is being developed that contains a number of different privacy enhancing technologies. This thesis describes the implementation and integration of a privacy-friendly secure logging module into the PRIME Core. The logging module's purpose is to provide transparency logging to the PRIME Core, giving individuals access to a detailed log of how their disclosed personally identifiable information is used, in a secure and privacy friendly manner.

The thesis resulted in a privacy-friendly secure logging module being implemented into the PRIME Core. The client for the logging module still lacks features to be suitable for use by the Data Track. Further research is needed to make the implementation mitigate the risks posed by memory and disk forensics.

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Coetzee, G. J. „A comparison of the Philips price earnings multiple model and the actual future price earnings multiple of selected companies listed on the Johannesburg stock exchange“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51561.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The price earnings multiple is a ratio of valuation and is published widely in the media as a comparative instrument of investment decisions. It is used to compare company valuation levels and their future growth/franchise opportunities. There have been numerous research studies done on the price earnings multiple, but no study has been able to design or derive a model to successfully predict the future price earnings multiple where the current stock price and following year-end earnings per share is used. The most widely accepted method of share valuation is to discount the future cash flows by an appropriate discount rate. Popular and widely used stock valuation models are the Dividend Discount Model and the Gordon Model. Both these models assume that future dividends are cash flows to the shareholder. Thomas K. Philips, the chief investment officer at Paradigm Asset Management in New York, constructed a valuation model at the end of 1999, which he published in The Journal of Portfolio Management. The model (Philips price earnings multiple model) was derived from the Dividend Discount Model and calculates an implied future price earnings multiple. The Philips price earnings multiple model includes the following independent variables: the cost of equity, the return on equity and the dividend payout ratio. Each variable in the Philips price earnings multiple model is a calculated present year-end point value, which was used to calculate the implied future price earnings multiple (present year stock price divided by following year-end earnings per share). This study used a historical five year (1995-2000) year-end data to calculate the implied and actual future price earnings multiple. Out of 225, Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies studied, only 36 were able to meet the criteria of the Philips price earnings multiple model. Correlation and population mean tests were conducted on the implied and constructed data sets. It proved that the Philips price earnings multiple model was unsuccesful in predicting the future price earnings multiple, at a statistical 0,20 level of significance. The Philips price earnings multiple model is substantially more complex than the Discount Dividend Model and includes greater restrictions and more assumptions. The Philips price earnings multiple model is a theoretical instrument which can be used to analyse hypothetical (with all model assumptions and restrictions having been met) companies. The Philips price earnings multiple model thus has little to no applicability in the practical valuation of stock price on Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prysverdienste verhouding is 'n waarde bepalingsverhouding en word geredelik gepubliseer in die media. Hierdie verhouding is 'n maatstaf om maatskappye se waarde vlakke te vergelyk en om toekomstige groei geleenthede te evalueer. Daar was al verskeie navorsingstudies gewy aan die prysverdiensteverhouding, maar nog geen model is ontwikkel wat die toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding (die teenswoordige aandeelprys en toekomstige jaareind verdienste per aandeel) suksesvol kon modelleer nie. Die mees aanvaarbare metode vir waardebepaling van aandele is om toekomstige kontantvloeie te verdiskonteer teen 'n toepaslike verdiskonteringskoers. Van die vernaamste en mees gebruikte waardeberamings modelle is die Dividend Groei Model en die Gordon Model. Beide modelle gebruik die toekomstige dividendstroom as die toekomstige kontantvloeie wat uitbetaal word aan die aandeelhouers. Thomas K. Philips, die hoof beleggingsbeampte by Paradigm Asset Management in New York, het 'n waardeberamingsmodel ontwerp in 1999. Die model (Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodei) was afgelei vanaf die Dividend Groei Model en word gebruik om 'n geïmpliseerde toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding te bereken. Die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel sluit die volgende onafhanklike veranderlikes in: die koste van kapitaal, die opbrengs op aandeelhouding en die uitbetalingsverhouding. Elke veranderlike in hierdie model is 'n berekende teenswoordige jaareinde puntwaarde, wat gebruik was om die toekomstige geïmpliseerde prysverdiensteverhouding (teenswoordige jaar aandeelprys gedeel deur die toekomstige verdienste per aandeel) te bereken. In hierdie studie word vyf jaar historiese jaareind besonderhede gebruik om die geïmpliseerde en werklike toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding te bereken. Van die 225 Johannesburg Effektebeurs genoteerde maatskappye, is slegs 36 gebruik wat aan die vereistes voldoen om die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel te toets. Korrelasie en populasie gemiddelde statistiese toetse is op die berekende en geïmpliseerde data stelle uitgevoer en gevind dat die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel, teen 'n statistiese 0,20 vlak van beduidenheid, onsuksesvol was om die toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding vooruit te skat. Die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel is meer kompleks as die Dividend Groei Model met meer aannames en beperkings. Die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel is 'n teoretiese instrument wat gebruik kan word om hipotetiese (alle model aannames en voorwaardes is nagekom) maatskappye te ontleed. Dus het die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel min tot geen praktiese toepassingsvermoë in die werkilke waardasie van aandele nie.

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Alsulmi, Badria. „Generalized Jacobi sums modulo prime powers“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32668.

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Bücher zum Thema "Module price"

Aït-Sahalia, Yacine. Nonparametric estimation of state-price densities implicit in financial asset prices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Borenstein, Severin. Do gasoline prices respond asymmetrically to crude oil price changes? Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Barsky, Robert. Do flexible durable goods prices undermine sticky price models? Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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Hampton, Tim. How much do import price shocks matter for consumer prices? Wellington, New Zealand: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, 2001.

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Chacra, Marwan. Oil-price shocks and retail energy prices in Canada. Ottawa: Bank of Canada, 2002.

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Chacra, Marwan. Oil-price shocks and retail energy prices in Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Bank of Canada, 2002.

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Knittel, Christopher R. Tacit collusion in the presence of cyclical demand and endogenous capacity levels. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Price stabilization on world agricultural markets: An application to the world market for sugar. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Industrial price formation. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986.

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Shiller, Robert J. Designing indexed units of account. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Module price"

Aïd, René. „Price Models“. In Electricity Derivatives, 27–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08395-7_3.

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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. „A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade.“ In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 174–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0174.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.

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Albrecher, Hansjoerg, Andreas Binder, Volkmar Lautscham und Philipp Mayer. „Stock-Price Models“. In Compact Textbooks in Mathematics, 77–89. Basel: Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0519-3_8.

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Taleizadeh, Ata Allah. „Known Price Increase“. In Inventory Control Models with Motivational Policies, 243–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72715-8_6.

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Poizat, Bruno. „Prime Models“. In Universitext, 204–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8622-1_10.

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James, Tom. „Energy Option Pricing - Which Models Are Used?“ In Energy Price Risk, 125–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403946041_6.

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Paczkowski, Walter R. „Price segmentation: Basic models“. In Pricing Analytics, 185–212. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178349-11.

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Paczkowski, Walter R. „Price segmentation: Advanced models“. In Pricing Analytics, 213–28. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178349-12.

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Bernhard, Pierre, Jacob C. Engwerda, Berend Roorda, J. M. Schumacher, Vassili Kolokoltsov, Patrick Saint-Pierre und Jean-Pierre Aubin. „Fair Price Intervals“. In The Interval Market Model in Mathematical Finance, 45–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8388-7_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Module price"

Marchisio, Emiliano. „PRICE INCREASES DURING THE PANDEMIA AND EU COMPETITION LAW“. In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18819.

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The debate about the “just price” has ancient origin and returns forcefully to the scene when, in the event of crises of various kinds, there is a rapid and significant increase in prices of given goods or services. In this article it is examined the problem of whether price increases of such a nature could, or should, be considered illicit under EU competition law. The central part of the article reviews different theories on what a “just price” should be and focuses on the idea that a price is “just” when it functions as index of relative scarcity in free markets. It is claimed that such a function deserves protection by EU law. Therefore, price adjustments in response to shocks cannot and should not be considered illegal: it is unacceptable to sanction private firms by attributing them the wrong of not having substituted, at their own expense, for the exercise of a public function (that of making sure that price increases do not put at risk solidarity and other constitutional principles).

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Yinghua Sung, Zhehui Wu und Zhenkuan Pan. „A price fluctuation module in market oriented grid based on contract management“. In 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct.2011.6157928.

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Myszka, David H., Mark A. Patterson und James E. Globig. „A Low Cost Signal Conditioning Module for Mechanical Measurements“. In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14953.

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Mechanical and electronic engineering technology faculty members at the University of Dayton have collaborated on the design of a signal conditioning circuit board for a mechanical measurements laboratory. This board includes amplification and filters necessary to interface a low voltage output from analog sensors with a computer data acquisition system. Printed circuit boards were produced, with easy to understand connections. Multiple units were assembled at a cost of under $20 per board. The price of other commercially available signal conditioning modules is 10 to 20 times that amount. This paper will present the details of the design and performance assessment of the signal conditioning module.

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Lee, Jae Hak, Jun-Yeob Song, Chang-Woo Lee, Tae Ho Ha und Yeong Sang Jeong. „Compact Assembly Machine for Cellular Phone Lens Module Using Self-Adjustment“. In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84170.

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Efficient alignment method using self-adjustment and lens aberration reduction method using several lenses with different orientation for cellular phone lens assembly are introduced to compensate for alignment error among lens parts and minimize lens aberration caused by lens defect in this work, respectively. Self-adjustment module has 2 degrees of freedom of translation motion and 3 degrees of freedom of rotation by porous air bearing and spring to compensate for alignment error automatically. The allowable alignment error and proper inserting force to assembly lens parts successfully was investigated and evaluated compared to conventional lens assembly machine and also optimum orientation of each lens to minimize lens aberration is examined through experiment. Self-adjustment module guarantees accurate arrangement of lens parts during assembly process in spite of alignment error so that remarkable price reduction and miniaturization of assembly machine could be achieved.

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Siddique, Zahed, und Karunakar Reddy Boddu. „An Agent Based Framework to Automatically Generate 3D CAD Models of Customer Specified Products“. In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48227.

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To survive in today’s volatile market, companies are striving to deliver greater quality, more customization, faster response, more innovative designs and lower prices. The new shift in the current market has introduced the concept of mass customization. One of the aspects of mass customization is to provide customers with products that are manufactured to their needs and requirements. To provide such a support requires better integration of customer with different stages of design and manufacturing. Expansion of the Internet provides an opportunity for such an integration, which will need to link design and manufacturing of the company with the customer. In current approaches, customer usually specifies the options and gets the price or simple pictures of the object. In this paper a system is presented, where customer options and size parameters are gathered using the Internet and is used to automatically generate 3D CAD model of the product and then display the 3D model to the customer for feedback. Development of a framework to generate 3D models from user input will require maintaining explicit correspondence among various types of product information from a module perspective. The Internet based system presented in this paper uses templates to automatically generate 3D CAD models of components, assemble them into products and then export VRML files that are displayed to the customer.

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Hacıoğlu Deniz, Müjgan, und Kutluk Kağan Sümer. „The Effects of Oil Price Volatility on Foreign Trade Revenue and National Income: A Comparative Analysis on Selected Eurasian Economies“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01362.

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The aim of this study is to identify the effects of the volatility of oil prices and exchange rates on foreign trade revenue of a few selected Eurasian Economies. These countries are oil and natural gas exporting countries and getting most of their trade revenue from exporting these commodities. The effects of sharply falling oil prices since June 2014 and depreciating exchange rates on these countries’ external trade were analyzed by using alternative econometric models. The sample of this analysis covered the period from June 2014 when oil prices has started falling sharply – till June 2015 in which still world oil price is lower than the price of 140-150 dollars for per gallon in the previous years. Decreasing prices basically destabilize the revenues of these states since approximately two third (2/3) of their export revenue and substantial part of their budget revenue that comes from oil and natural gas. In Russian economy falling prices of oil depreciates both public revenue and economic activity. This means predominantly depending on one commodity for export and foreign trade makes these countries’ economies in dependence of that commodity’s price and makes these economies so vulnerable to global crisis and price volatilities. In order to avoid from this situation, these countries should divert their production and increase in variety for exporting goods.

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Cao, Jiacong, und Cheng Liu. „Study of Optimal Retrofit Design for the BCHP System Equipped With Gas-Fired Absorption Chillers“. In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54252.

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In this study, the retrofit project describes the conversion of the air-conditioning system at No.4 College Building in Donghua University in Shanghai China, to a building cooling heating and power (BCHP) system. This includes the optimal retrofit design models of the BCHP system, of which the exergetic efficiency and annual costs (AC) of the system are the separate objective functions. The retrofit scheme is planned to insert gas engines as prime movers into the original system, which have adopted gas-fired absorption chillers. The solutions of the optimization problems show that such retrofit can result in a remarkable rise in exergetic efficiency but is not currently viable with current fuel prices. The contradictory solutions reveal a gap between the current energy prices system of the country and the present energy situation. It is really an urgent task to reform the energy prices system in China. Further investigation gives the critical lines of which each divides the coordinate plane of natural gas-electric prices into 2 parts, viz., of benefit and deficit. It is found if the electric price rises to a certain extent, say a rise of USD0.0238, the retrofit will reach both a positive benefit and a remarkable increase in exergetic efficiency. Discussion and conclusions have been given and may be helpful for other similar retrofit projects that aim to both energy saving and benefits.

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Bano, Tahira, und K. V. S. Rao. „The effect of solar PV module price and capital cost on the levelized electricity cost of the solar PV power plant in the context of India“. In 2016 Biennial International Conference on Power and Energy Systems: Towards Sustainable Energy (PESTSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pestse.2016.7516468.

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Card, R. W. „Economic Design of Hybrid Wet-Dry Cooling Systems“. In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98111.

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A hybrid wet-dry cooling system can be designed for a large combined-cycle power plant. A well-designed hybrid cooling system will provide reasonable net generation year-round, while using substantially less water than a conventional wet cooling tower. The optimum design for the hybrid system depends upon climate at the site, the price of power, and the price of water. These factors vary on a seasonal basis. Two hypothetical power plants are modeled, using state-of-the-art steam turbines and hybrid cooling systems. The plants are designed for water-constrained sites incorporating typical weather data, power prices, and water prices. The principles for economic designs of hybrid cooling systems are demonstrated.

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Ecer, Fatih. „Comparision of Hedonic Regression Method and Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Housing Prices in Turkey“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01150.

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Owner-occupied housing is both a place to live and also the most important asset in many households’ portfolio. Accurately predicting of house prices is therefore of great interest to the general public. This paper aims to compare the housing price prediction accuracies of Hedonic Model (HM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In order to achieve this aim, two techniques’ prediction results were compared by using four performance criteria: RMSE, MAE, MAD, and Theil’s U statistic. This study uses the HM and ANNs to empirically determine the house prices in Turkey. HM is the standard technique for modeling the behavior of house prices over the past three decades and is based on micro economic theory. The non-linear relationship between house price and its determinants can be modeled by an ANN, so it is employed in this paper as an alternative method. Empirical results revealed that ANNs performed better than HM in house price predictions, indicating that ANNs could be useful for prediction of house prices. More clearly, the performance criteria from the ANNs are smaller than those from the HM by roughly 60-90%. For instance, the ANN model has about 77 percent lower RMSE, 91 percent lower MAE, 64 percent lower MAD, and 77 percent lower Theil’s U statistic than those of the HM.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Module price"

Cortazar, Gonzalo, Cristobal Millard, Hector Ortega und Eduardo Schwartz. Commodity Price Forecasts, Futures Prices and Pricing Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Dezember 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22991.

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Barsky, Robert, Christopher House und Miles Kimball. Do Flexible Durable Goods Prices Undermine Sticky Price Models? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Juli 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9832.

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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen und Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.

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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.

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Rotemberg, Julio. Prices, Output and Hours: An Empirical Analysis Based on a Sticky Price Model. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Dezember 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4948.

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa und Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.

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Espinasa, Ramón. Brand New Model, Same Old Price. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000233.

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Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Kimberly Rojas-Silva und Juan Manuel Julio-Román. The Interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds Markets: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1171.

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We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of quotes, quote volume, and bid/ask spreads. The data under analysis consists of 5-minute intraday bid/ask US dollar prices and bond quotes, for an assortment of bond species. For these species we also have the number of bid/ask quotes as well as their volume. We found, also, that the exchange rate conveys information to the TES market, but the opposite does not completely hold: A one percent COP depreciation leads to a persistent reduction of TES prices between 0.05% and 0.22%. However, a 1% TES price increase has a very small effect and not entirely significant on the exchange rate, i.e. a COP appreciation between 0.001% and 0.009%. Furthermore, TRM return volatility increases do not affect bond return volatility but its liquidity, i.e. the bid/ask quote number and volume. These results are coherent with the fact that the FX market more efficiently reflects the effect of shocks than the TES market, which may be due to its low liquidity and concentration on a specific habitat. These results have implications for the design of financial stability policies as well as for private portfolio design, rebalancing and hedging.

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Silla, Richard M., und James M. Boyce. Contract Line Item Price Analyzer Model Prototype. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Oktober 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada261108.

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Glaeser, Edward, und Charles Nathanson. An Extrapolative Model of House Price Dynamics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, März 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21037.

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Andrés, Javier, J. David López-Salido und Edward Nelson. Sticky-Price Models and the Natural Rate Hypothesis. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2005.018.

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