Dissertationen zum Thema „Modifications N-terminales des protéines“
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Martinez, Aude. „Modifications N-terminales des protéines : approche multi-échelles et signification biologique“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCo- and post-translational modifications strongly affect proteins final functionality. Among those, the most frequents are early modifications affecting the N-terminus of the protein. This work deals with four such : N-terminal methionine excision (NME), N-myristoylation (MYR), N--acetylation (NAA) and S-palmitoylation. On one side, my work consisted in managing some experimental data for different organisms coming from different kingdoms and elaborating predictive patterns for NME and NAA. On the other side, I performed experiments about MYR with two NMTs originating from the animal and plant kingdom on a 288 peptides set expected to sample the proteome diversity. About 30% were identified as potential MYR substrates. My data reveal specificity differences between the two enzymes. In the end, it was not possible to elaborate a more accurate predictive motif than the one already elaborated. In order to complete this work, I investigated the MYR impact on the subcellular localisation of some of those peptides. It could confirm that efficient MYR as evidenced in vitro induce in vivo localisation of the the protein in the membranes. Those in vivo results reinforce the significance of our in vitro analyse and help understanding myristoylation status of our different peptides. Specificity features of each of those modifications were used to elaborate the predictive platform TermiNator (http://www. Isv. Cnrs-gif. Fr/terminator3/). TermiNator is available for all the scientist community. Any proteome can be annotated for those four N-terminal modifications with this unique tool
Ayoub, Daniel. „Vers une étude approfondie des protéomes : caractérisation des extrémités N-terminales des protéines“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDedieu, Alain. „Exploration des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines : nouvelles approches et nouveaux modèles biologiques“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13516/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecently, the study of post-translational modifications has greatly evolved, mainly because of crucial progresses in mass spectrometry methodology which have allowed high-throughput, high resolution analysis. Their variety and their role in the regulation of key molecular mechanisms are increasingly documented. In this work, the different degrees of iodination of tyrosine were probed with a "shotgun" approach carried out from an entire organ, the mice thyroid. Post-translational modifications present in two radioresistant organism models, the bacterium Deinococcus deserti and the archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans, were analyzed. The large scale exploration of N-terminal acetylation in D. deserti indicates a specific pattern of this modification on serine and threonine, as well as an atypical, high propension to acetylation with 50% of modified N-termini. In T. gammatolerans, N-terminal acetylation is rare, but the presence of acetylation on lysine side chains is significant. The presence of phosphorylation on these proteins suggests a potential "cross talk" between the acetylated lysine and phosphorylated serine or threonine residues. This work demonstrates that the complexity of the proteome in prokaryotes through post-translational modifications is higher than expected when extremophiles are scrutinized compared to classical prokaryote models. Interdependencies between post-translational modifications definitively deserve a fresher look
Xie, Dong. „Uncovering the maturation pathway of plant Rubisco“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring photosynthesis, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), the prevalent anthropogenic greenhouse gas, is assimilated into carbohydrates by the enzyme Rubisco, the most abundant protein on earth. The large subunit of Rubisco (RbcL) undergoes a unique maturation pathway leading to unusual N-terminal modifications. This mechanism is conserved in plants, resulting in an N-terminal acetylated proline at position 3. Unravelling the maturation pathway of Rubisco is therefore a key challenge for CO₂ fixation in the context of climate change and global warming. My PhD project aimed at discovering the machinery leading to Pro3 acetylation and unmasking the associated functional relevance. First, two open reading frames (ORFs) in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified as putative candidates that might contribute to the proteolytic part of this process. The functions of two conserved aminopeptidases were challenged in vitro assay and in knockout Arabidopsis thaliana lines. I showed that one protease is specifically in charge of residue 2 release, while the second does not contribute to N-terminal protein maturation in the plastid. In addition, my data demonstrates that Pro3 acetylation is catalysed by only one acetyltransferase isoform occurring in the plastid. Together, the unique N-terminal modification machinery involved in RbcL processing relies on two enzymes that are dedicated to RbcL processing. I could reconstitute the maturation pathway in E. coli. Finally, I have investigated how the N-terminal modifications of RbcL affect Rubisco assembly, activity, and accumulation
El, Barbry Houssam. „Découverte du rôle crucial du résidu en position 2 des séquences MTS d’adressage mitochondrial“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitochondria are complex organelles involving a thousand proteins, most of which are encoded in the nuclear genome. Their biogenesis has required the evolutionary development of efficient protein addressing and import systems, and failures of these systems are associated with serious pathologies, neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.Many mitochondrial proteins have an N-terminal addressing sequence called MTS (Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence) which forms an amphiphilic alpha helix essential for their mitochondrial import. However, the sequence of the various MTSs is highly variable and their critical characteristics are not yet well understood. The starting point of my thesis was the discovery in yeast of an overrepresentation of 4 hydrophobic amino acids (F, L, I, W) at position 2 of the MTSs sequences. During my thesis, I was able to confirm the critical role of the nature of the residue in position 2 of the MTSs through directed mutagenesis experiments. Indeed, thanks to the development of an innovative system for screening import defects based on the functional rescue of the toxicity of a mitochondrial protein, I was able to observe that only residues overrepresented at position 2 of mitochondrial proteins allowed efficient import. My work has thus demonstrated the existence of strong evolutionary constraints at position 2 of MTSs, the understanding of which could ultimately be useful for optimising the mitochondrial addressing of therapeutic proteins in patients suffering from mitochondrial diseases
Hédou, Julie. „Analyses fonctionnelle et protéomique du rôle de la O-N-acétylglucosaminylation dans la physiologie du muscle squelettique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10102/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation termed O-GlcNAc is a dynamic cytosolic and nuclear glycosylation on serine and threonine residus. This dynamic and reversible glycosylation is involved in many physiological as weIl as pathological processes such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer or cardiac ischemia. Only few studies have been performed about the role of O-GlcNAc in skeletal muscle. However, the skeletal muscle is an interesting model to study the O-GlcNAc since i) its metabolism depends on glucose, ii) many muscular processes such as contraction are dependent on phosphorylation, and iii) there is a plasticity of the muscle metabolism depending on the physiological conditions. O-GlcNAc is dependent also on the level of glucose and can interfere with phosphorylation through a phosphorylation/glycosylation balance. We clearly demonstrated that a number of key contractile proteins i.e myosin heavy and light chains and actin are O-GlcNAc modified. The role of this post-translational modification in the contractile properties was investigated by establishing T/pCa curves on skinned fibers. This study demonstrated that O-GlcNAc moieties involved in protein-protein interactions or not could modulate calcium activation properties and therefore that O-GlcNAc motifs could be involved in the modulation of contractile force. Using a mass spectrometry-based method, we determined the localization of one O-GlcNAc site in the suddomain 4 of actin (séquence 198-207) and four O-GleNAc sites in the light meromyosin region of myosin heavy chains (séquences 1094-1106; 1295-1303; 1701-1712; 1913-1922). These sites might be involved in protein-protein interactions or in the polymerization of MHC or could modulate the contractile properties of skeletal muscle. Finally, we studied the implication of O-GlcNAc in a human model of muscle atrophy (Bed-Rest). We demonstrated the existence of a phosphorylation/O-GleNAc balance for MLC2 that could modulate the activity and properties of this protein which bas a key role in the modulation of force. Moreover, our data suggested that O-GlcNAc level might be involved in the control of protein homeostasis and muscular atrophy in human as in rat. AlI these data demonstrate that O-GlcNAc is an important post-translational modification in the muscle physiology
Lambert, Matthias. „Caractérisation du rôle de la O-N-acétyl-glucosaminylation dans la structuration sarcomérique du muscle squelettique et de son implication dans certaines pathologies musculaires“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe sarcomere structure, essential for skeletal muscle, is strikingly organized by several protein-protein interactions between myofilament proteins. Many of them are modified by an atypical glycosylation, the O-linked N-acetyl-glucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), similar in some aspects to phosphorylation, and known to be a modulator of the contractile activity. However to date, its role in sarcomeric organization remains to be considered. In this Ph.D, some pharmacological treatments applied to C2C12 myotubes have modulated the global O-GlcNAc level of the myofilament-enriched fraction in a dynamic and sensitive manner, associated to changes of the sarcomeric morphometry and of some protein complexes including key structural proteins of the sarcomere. Notably, the interaction between desmin and its molecular chaperone, αB-crystallin, have been modulated depending on the O-GlcNAcylation within an extensive crosstalk and interplay with phosphorylation. Moreover, some O-GlcNAc sites have been located in myofilament proteins, such as desmin in a site known to be mutated in desminopathy, αB-crystallin within a desmin binding domain, and titin where some O-GlcNAc sites have been identified in cluster within an essential interaction domain. Taken together, the results suggested that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in sarcomeric structure and its interactome. This work provide new insights in the understanding of the physiopathology of some muscular diseases where the sarcomere is disorganized
Dumartin, Mélissa. „Récepteurs auto-assemblés sur mesure pour les protéines thérapeutiques“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a recent discipline, supramolecular chemistry is one of the most active and fast-growing fields of chemical research. Driven by the challenge that tailored molecular recognition of complex molecules represents, a large interest has grown for the design and synthesis of multi-functionalized macrocyclic receptors. We recently described a new class of accessible and versatile molecular receptors: Dyn[n]arenes. This new class is obtained from 1,4-dithiophenols units functionalized in ortho position and assembled by disulfide linkages. This strategy of thermodynamically controlled macrocyclization allows producing large amounts of final product with a low synthetic cost. On demand receptors for anions, cations and zwitterions were obtained by this versatile approach. Particularly, the octacarboxylate-bearing dyn[4]arene showed the ability to selectively recognize Lysine derivatives via an asymmetric induced adjustment of the receptor upon the complexation. The use of this receptor to recognize N-terminal Lysine tagged peptides and proteins have been investigated. Finally, post-functionalization of Dyn[4]arenes have been explored to improve their solubility and recognition properties toward biologically active target and to investigate their solid phase grafting to be implemented in affinity chromatography
Rayon, Catherine. „La N-glycosylation chez les plantes. Etude d'une glycoprotéine modèle : la phytohémagglutinine“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOria, Gabrielle. „Étude de la O-N-acétylglucosaminylation chez le parasite Toxoplasma gondii et de son rôle dans la localisation nucléo-cytopasmique des énolases“. Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_258.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMehdy, Ali. „Impact du PUGNAc sur le catabolisme des N-glycoprotéines“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10121/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFree oligosaccharides (fOS) are generated as a result of glycoproteins catabolism that occurs in two principal distinct pathways: the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded newly synthesized N-glycoproteins and the mature N-glycoproteins turnover pathway. We analyzed fOS by Mass spectrometry in PUGNAc CHO treated cells in order to investigate whether O-GlcNAc modified proteins were involved in N-glycoprotein degradation process. The O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene) amino-N-phenylcarbanate (PUGNAc) is a potent inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzing the cleavage of β-O-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (O-GlcNAc) from serine and threonine residues of post-translationally modified proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed the appearance of an unusual population of fOS after PUGNAc treatment. The structures representing this population have been identified as containing non-reducing end GlcNAc residues resulting from incomplete lysosomal fOS degradation. Only observed after PUGNAc treatment, the NButGt, another OGA inhibitor, did not lead to the appearance of the population. These structures have clearly been shown to accumulate in membrane fractions as the consequence of lysosomal β-hexosaminidases inhibition by PUGNAc. As Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSD) are characterized by the accumulation of fOS in various tissues, our study evokes that PUGNAc mimics a LSD and shows another off target effects that needs to be taken into account in the use of this drug
Debray, Henri. „Contribution à l'étude des modifications affectant les glycannes des N-glycosyl-protéines membranaires lors de la transformation maligne des cellules et de la diffusion métastatique“. Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnkavay, Maliki. „Étude des modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine de capside ORF2 du virus de l'hépatite E (HEV)“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major public health problem that affects more than20 million people and kills approximately 70,000 worldwide each year. HEV is the leadingcause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. In France, the seroprevalance of HEV is 22.4% inthe general population. This virus is transmitted by fecal-oral route or by consumption ofundercooked contaminated meat. Very recently, we have described an efficient cell culturesystem to amplify HEV. This system represents a unique tool for characterizing the variousstages of the infectious HEV lifecycle that are very poorly understood to date. As part of mythesis, I focused on the ORF2 capsid protein which is the structural unit of viral particles andis therefore a central player in the HEV lifecycle. ORF2 is a 660 amino acids protein thatcontains a signal peptide and three potential N-glycosylation sites (N1, N2 and N3). My workaimed to identify the role of the ORF2 N-glycosylation in the HEV lifecycle. Our resultsrevealed that the ORF2 protein is N-glycosylated on the N1 and N3 sites, whereas the N2 siteis not N-glycosylated. Also, the N-glycosylation has no significant relevance neither for thestability, oligomerization, antibody recognition of the ORF2 protein nor for viral assemblyand viral infectivity. We also revealed that, the ORF2 protein is translocated into the nucleusof infected cells, independently of N-glycosylation. We identified for the first time afunctional nuclear localization signal (NLS) located at the N-terminus of the ORF2 proteinthat interacts probably with the importin alpha1. Surprisingly, this NLS regulates both nuclearimport and endoplasmic reticulum translocation of the ORF2 protein. Finally, wedemonstrated that, the ORF2 protein possesses three nuclear export signals (NES) located atits C-terminus. The ORF2 protein interacts with the exportin1 and is exported from the cellnuclei. This interaction drives the ORF2 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of theinfected cells. Hence, this study led to new insights into the molecular mechanisms of theORF2 protein and could help to the design of novel antiviral strategies against HEV
Brimau, Fanny. „Rôle des odorants-binding protein dans le mécanisme de transduction olfactive : implication de modifications post-traductionnelles dynamiques dans la spécificité de liaison avec les ligands“. Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOBPs are small soluble proteins that bind with odorant molecules and pheromones. The role of OBP is not completely understood. A hypothesis suggests that OBP solubilize and transport the ligands to olfactory receptors and the binding between odorant molecule and OBP is unspecific. An other hypothesis suggest that the complex formed is the specific binding between a given odorant molecule and a specific OBP. This work of thesis show that OBP are involved in the first step of odorant discrimination. Initially, we have showed the involvement of the Phe35 and Tyr 82 in the uptake of ligands by OBP. Second, we have given rise to the presence of various isoform of OBP and VEG that differ by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and GlcNAcylation) both on natives proteins extract of respiratory mucosa and on recombinants proteins produce by P. pastoris and CHO. These isoforms are able to discriminate of odorant molecules and pheromones. OBPs are not passives carriers because they ensure a fine coding of odorant molecules and pheromones before interaction of this complex with specific receptor
Oulehri, Walid. „Dysfonction myocardique lors du choc anaphylactique : implication de la mitochondrie et de la O-N-acetylglucosaminylation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnaphylactic shock is the most severe clinical expression of anaphylaxis. The severity and rapidity of clinical signs are characteristic of this state of shock. It is defined by profound arterial hypotension and cardiac dysfunction. The pathophysiology of the cardiac dysfunction is still poorly understood. Mitochondria may play a role, as we have observed cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction with an impairment in mitochondrial respiration and an increase in lipid peroxidation. O-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is an ubiquitous post-translational modification involved in the cellular stress response. In our model of anaphylactic shock, increasing the level of O-GlcNAcylation ameliorates the effects of epinephrine on the cardiac function by increasing contractility and cardiac output while decreasing arterial lactataemia, probably by restoring cardiac mitochondrial respiration. With these results, mitochondrial dysfunction can be considered as a cause of myocardial dysfunction in anaphylactic shock. The use of epinephrine adjuvant treatments could prevent the onset of refractory anaphylactic shock and limit the cardiac adverse effects of epinephrine
Boulanger, Alice. „Analyse d'un nouveau système CUT impliqué dans l'acquisition et l'utilisation du N-acétylglucosamine par Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/738/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is an amino sugar that carries out important roles in a broad range of cells from bacteria to plants and animals. Most marine bacteria and insect pathogens have developed sophisticated mechanisms for the catabolism of the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, chitin, which is a GlcNAc homopolymer. However, whether non-chitinolytic bacteria find GlcNAc in their environment and what is the natural source of this molecule remain obscure. The data presented here suggest that the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot disease of Brassicaceae, encounters and exploits GlcNAc of plant origin during infection. Characterization of the Xcc GlcNAc utilization pathway and its complex regulatory network led to the identification of specific traits as compared to other bacteria and most notably the source of GlcNAc, i. E. Glycans from plant glycosylated proteins. An outer membrane transporter and glycoside hydrolases belonging to the Xcc GlcNAc utilization pathway were shown to play a direct role in the generation of GlcNAc in planta
Jariel-Encontre, Isabelle. „Rôle des régions N-terminales des histones sur l'organisation structurale de la chromatine“. Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenchabane, Meriem. „Modifications post-traductionnelles d’une serpine humaine recombinante exprimée chez les plantes“. Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants represent interesting production platforms for recombinant proteins. Protein post-translational modifications however, may not be adequate, with a possible negative impact on their commercial value. To assess this problem, we expressed human α1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), a glycosylated serine protease inhibitor, in cultured BY2 tobacco cells. The inhibitor was targeted to different subcellular compartments to assess the impact of cellular destination on its stability and glycosylation. Our results showed that AACT entering the secretory pathway was readily processed to lower molecular weight forms resulting from glycan maturation and proteolytic processing. Intriguingly, cytosolic expression generated more stable proteins, although not glycosylated, that accumulated mostly in the nucleus. We further demonstrated that mutation of AACT DNA binding site partially altered the nucleus distribution, thus suggesting a role of this DNA binding in nuclear retention
Zirah, Séverine. „Rôle de la région N-terminale 1-16 du peptide amyloïde Aß dans la déposition amyloïde associée à la maladie d'Alzheimer : plasticité conformationnelle, modifications liées au vieillissement protéique et interaction avec les ions Zn²+“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA06A001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRobert, Stéphane. „Acylation de protéines en micelles inverses“. Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP836S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarechal, Nils. „Étude structurale des protéine arginine méthyltransférases : reconnaissance des substrats et conception rationnelle de modulateurs“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProtein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) are involved in many cellular processes, including gene expression regulation, splicing control, maintenance of genome integrity and signal transduction.Since deregulation of those biological processes appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases, PRMTs have emerged as potential new targets for the development of novel therapeutic modulators. Despite the large amount of biological and structural data on PRMTs, two challenges remain to be solved by structural biology ; (I) understanding how PRMTs recognize and bind their full-length substrates ; (II) revealing how PRMTs achieve specific arginine methylation on different target sites. The works presented here focused on 3 targets: PRMT2, PRMT3 and PRMT4/ CARM1. We used biochemical, biophysical and structural methods (bio-crystallography and cryo- electron microscopy) to decipher structural clues that drive PRMT-substrate recognition. We developed new chemical probes that can be used in early drug discovery for the conception of PRMT inhibitors
Petit-Samyn, Bénédicte. „Étude et modification du potentiel de N-glycosylation du mai͏̈s transgénique exprimant la lactoferrine humaine recombinante“. Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-93.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette analyse nous a permis de montrer que le mai͏̈s, comme le tabac, représente un système d'expression capable de respecter le profil de N-glycosylation d'une glycoprotéine hétérologue et ceci de manière "site spécifique". Nous avons ensuite initié l'"humanisation" du potentiel de N-glycosylation du mai͏̈s en tentant d'exprimer in planta une galactosyltransférase (hβ4GT I) et une sialyltransférase (hST6Gal I) humaines, impliquées dans la biosynthèse des antennes des N-glycannes. Après transformation stable du mai͏̈s via A. Tumefaciens avec un vecteur d'expression inserrant les ADNc de ces deux enzymes, nous avons déterminé les activités enzymatiques à partir d'extraits protéiques totaux. AIors que l'activité galactosyltransférase mesurée in vitro s'est avérée très faible, la ST6Gal I produite dans la plante est très active in vitro et présente des paramètres cinétiques comparables à ceux de ST6Gal I produite dans les cellules d'insectes. Ces premiers résultats sont encourageants et démontrent la possibilité d'exprimer des glycosyltransférases humaines actives dans le mai͏̈s et ainsi d'améliorer son potentiel de glycosylation
Denmat-Ouisse, Lise-Anne. „Rôle de la N-glycosylation et du repliement lors du transport des protéines solubles dans la cellule végétale“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChampagne, Julie. „Étude de la localisation, la phosphorylation et éléments structuraux des extensions N- et C- terminales de la protéine de la capside du virus de la mosaïque du chou-fleur“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24569/24569.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeyer, Thomas. „Caractérisation électrochimique et spectroscopique de protéines membranaires immobilisées sur des nanomatériaux“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe field of bioenergetics concerns the study of exchange and transformation of energy in living organisms. This manuscript proposes an electrochemical and spectroscopic study of the fourth complex of the respiratory chain, the terminal oxidases. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of some properties of these enzymes (potential of the cofactors, pH dependency…) on the catalytic mechanism. The first part describes an immobilization procedure which retains the protein activity and structure. This procedure has been applied for the study the inhibition of the proton pathways of cytochrome aa3 oxidase from P. denitrificans and shows the importance of proton transfer on the oxygen reduction. In a second study, two isoforms of cytochrome cbb3 oxidase were compared. No differences were observed between them until now. Our electrochemically induced FTIR spectroscopy study suggests the implication of different acidic residues during the redox reaction implying differences in the mechanism of these enzymes. The last part deals with the comparison of terminal oxidases of different types and shows the influence of the relative order of the midpoint potentials of the hemes on the oxygen reduction
Fourty, Guillaume. „Recherche de contraintes structurales pour la modélisation ab initio du repliement protéique“. Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the protein folding process and predicting protein structures from sequence data only remain two challenging questions for structural biologists. In this work, we first observe highly frequent proximities between N- and C-termini of protein domain, probably reflecting early stages of folding. Then we address the problem of polymer folding on regular lattices. We enumerate Hamiltonian Orbits and Cyclic Hamiltonian Orbits on n x n square lattices to evaluate the conformational space reduction associated to the termini contact constraint. Exhaustive Exploration of those maximally compact structures provides a baseline for minimum search algorithm in the HP- folding problem. Finally, we study multiple alignments at low sequence identity and introduce topohydrophobicity, a measure of topohydrophobicity conservation. We use it through decision tree to predict structural features such as Central/Edge position of beta strands in beta sheets and solvent accessibility (RAPT - Relative Accessibility Prediction Tool). These data can be used in ab initio prediction procedures of protein structures