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Kolbe, Lloyd J., Gerald N. Tirozzi, Eva Marx, Mary Bobbitt-Cooke, Sara Riedel, Jack Jones und Michael Schmoyer. „Health programmes for school employees: improving quality of life, health and productivity“. Promotion & Education 12, Nr. 3-4 (September 2005): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10253823050120030115.
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School health programmes in the 21 century could include eight components: 1) health services; 2) health education; 3) healthy physical and psychosocial environments; 4) psychological, counselling, and social services; 5) physical education and other physical activities; 6) healthy food services; and 7) integrated efforts of schools, families, and communities to improve the health of school students and employees. The eighth component of modern school health programmes, health programmes for school employees, is the focus of this article. Health programmes for school employees could be designed to increase the recruitment, retention, and productivity of school employees by partially focusing each of the preceding seven components of the school health programme on improving the health and quality of life of school employees as well as students. Thus, efforts to improve the quality of life, health, and productivity of school employees may be distinct from, but integrated with, efforts to improve the quality of life, health, and education of students. School employee health programmes can improve employee: 1) recruitment; 2) morale; 3) retention; and 4) productivity. They can reduce employee: 5) risk behaviours (e.g., physical inactivity); 6) risk factors (e.g., stress, obesity, high blood pressure); (7) illnesses; 8) work-related injuries; 9) absentee days; 10) worker compensation and disability claims; and 11) health care and health insurance costs. Further, if we hope to improve our schools' performance and raise student achievement levels, developing effective school employee health programmes can increase the likelihood that employees will: 12) serve as healthy role models for students; 13) implement effective school health programmes for students; and 14) present a positive image of the school to the community. If we are to improve the quality of life, health, and productivity of school employees in the 21st Century: school administrators, employees, and policymakers must be informed about the need and the means to do so; school employee health programmes must become part of the culture of education and the expectation of educators; and colleges that prepare school administrators and other school employees must provide the pre-service and in-service training, research, development, and leadership to make it happen. This article outlines ten actions that can be taken by school districts to build or improve school employee health programmes, and a list of websites that provides more detailed information about such programmes.
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Rashid, Ahmed, Deborah Gill und Lamis Ragab. „The Best of Both Worlds: Experiences of Co-developing Innovative Undergraduate Health Care Programmes in Egypt“. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 6 (Januar 2019): 238212051988512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120519885122.
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As medical education has become increasingly globalised, universities across the world have sought to raise standards by partnering with well-established institutions and a number of different partnership models have emerged. This article describes an academic collaboration between University College London (UCL), UK, and Newgiza University (NGU), Egypt, to establish modern and innovative undergraduate medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy programmes delivered in Egypt. Academics from UCL and NGU co-developed programmes using established materials, assessments, and processes from the equivalent programmes at UCL. Dedicated project managers, regular steering group meetings, strong working relationships between project teams, and iterative curriculum and assessment development processes were important features of the success of this work. A multidisciplinary first semester included students across all 3 health care programmes. This promoted collaboration between academics at both institutions. Although UCL resources were the basis of this project, the different sociocultural, ethical, professional, and regulatory frameworks in Egypt have meant that a number of adaptations have been necessary, in both curricula and teaching content. Perhaps the most important factor underpinning the success of this project has been the mutual respect and sensitivity of academics and clinicians from both institutions.
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Gamage, C. K. W., W. S. Sudusinghe und H. A. E. Abdulmohsen. „Simulation-Based Medical Learning: The Future of Sri Lankan Health Care“. South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education 17, Nr. 1 (25.10.2023): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/seajme.v17i1.530.
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Novel medical curricula stress the need for proficiency in clinical skills by medical and nursing undergraduates over the mere possession of knowledge. Simulation-based Medical Learning has gained the attention of modern clinical training by enhancing clinical performance and patient safety more than traditional clinical training at hospitals. The present modern medical context uses various types of simulators. However, Simulation-Based Medical Learning in Sri Lanka remains at a preliminary stage compared to the international context due to multiple challenges.This paper aims to identify the challenges faced in Simulation-Based Medical Learning in Sri Lanka and recommend the mechanisms to overcome those challenges. Lack of resources and infrastructure, lack of funding, poor literacy on handling simulators, lack of trained personnel, and cultural and mindset barriers were the identified potential challenges in Sri Lanka towards Simulation-Based Medical Learning. Nevertheless, these challenges can be mediated by finding international partnerships and funding sources, establishing foreign training with new collaborations, increasing awareness through faculty development programmes, combining Simulated Patients with low-fidelity simulators, and integrating Simulation-Based Medical Learning into the medical curriculum.
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Kumar, Abhishek, und Rajeev Singh Dhakad. „TREND AND PROJECTION OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE IN INDIA FOR FP2020 COMMITMENT“. EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science 5, Nr. 2 (10.06.2019): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.78.
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Introduction: Worldwide, India was the first country to introduce a National Programme for Family Planning in 1952. Following its memorable inception, the Family Planning project has experienced numerous changes as far as approach and real program usage. Now India has committed in the London summit 2012 for family planning programme or interventions. Family planning programme or interventions will be performed as the main component of Universal Health Coverage. It will be achieved through the largest public health programme in the world, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and as well as National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). And also, India is focusing on SDG, by 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes, as imitated in Sustainable Development Goal 3.7.
Objective: First objective is to analyses the current trend of mCPR and project it for FP2020 and second to analyze the increase in the number of users under FP2020 as per the commitment to increase additional 48 million users.
Materials & Method: We performed a secondary analysis on the data given by FP2020’s website. Which provides us information and resources on the global partnership designed for everyone working to advance access to modern contraceptives for all girls and women who want them.
Result and conclusion: The result has estimated that the mCPR will rise to 55 percent in 2020 from 53 of 2012. But if we want to achieve the target of 175.39 (127 million users till 2012 and additional user of 48 million till 2020, which comes out to be 175 million) then we will have to increase the mCPR to 68 percent. Then only we will be able to achieve that. Otherwise the target looks unrealistic to achieve.
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Floriani, Ciro Augusto. „Palliative Care in Brazil: A Challenge to the Health-Care System“. Palliative Care: Research and Treatment 2 (Januar 2008): 117822420800200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117822420800200001.
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The global expansion of the modern hospice movement has been fast and impressive, and in developing countries this phenomenon has also been registered, despite the structural and operational difficulties of their health systems. This article will address the scenario of palliative and hospice care in Brazil, pointing to the challenges and difficulties for the implementation of this comprehensive programme within its health system.
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Kurdi, Madhuri S., und Vinod D. Gasti. „Music and Health“. Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, Nr. 2 (22.04.2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i2.62.
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Music therapy is the use of intervention to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a professional who has completed an approved music therapy programme. Music has several physiological effects including positive effects on mood, a reduction of anxiety, stress and a lowering of blood pressure. There are several types of music therapy. Music therapy procedures are structured as either receptive or active. Music therapy methods include music recreation, improvisation, composition, listening and receptive experience. In modern health care, music has several applications in the perioperative setting, neurology, family medicine, paediatrics, obstetrics, interventional procedures, the critical care unit, pain management, palliative care and cancer. Though it has some limitations, there is ample scientific evidence to support the beneficial use of music therapy as a low-cost therapy with no side effect in various clinical situations in current health care settings. This article describes the various applications of music in modern health care.
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Poudel, Shanti, Poonam K.C und Reena Mandal. „Health Seeking Behaviour of Community People in Lalitpur District of Nepal“. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, Nr. 4 (08.04.2023): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230413.
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Background: Health seeking behavior is any action taken by an individual who perceive themselves to have any health problems or to be ill, for an appropriate remedy. It can be determined by physical, socioeconomic, cultural or political, environmental, socio-demographic, knowledge, gender issues, political environment and health care system. Individual have different opinion regarding willingness to seek health from health care services. The general objective is to assess the health seeking behavior of community people in Lalitpur district of Nepal. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on community people of Mahalaxmi municipality in Lalitpur district of Nepal with the sample size 221. Probability proportionate method was used to select the ward and household, and respondents were selected purposively. Self-developed structure questionnaire was used to collect data using interview technique. Data management, analysis and interpretation were done using both descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 16 software. Results: Among 221 respondents, 84.6% of respondents seek health care services whereas 15.4 % did not seek health last time they were ill. The most frequently reported places to seek health care services were modern health facility (modern medication) (82.4%) followed by Self-medication (11.4%), alternative medication (4.6%) and traditional healer (1.6%) respectively. There was statistically significance association between health seeking behavior of community people with marital status (p=0.002), occupation (p=0.001), level of education (p=0.030), source of income (p<0.001), monthly income (p<0.006), duration of illness (p=0.008) and availability of nearest health care services (P<0.001). Conclusion: Study concluded that most of the respondents used modern medication while last time they were ill, such as hospital, clinic and health post as a first choice to treat health problem. The reasons for not seeking health care services were due to far distance, lack of money, lack of family support, lack of knowledge. Thus, awareness programmes are essential in community people for appropriate used of available health care services. Key words: Community people, Health seeking behavior, Utilization of health care services.
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Marcos, Luis Rojas, und Rosa M. Gil. „The Diagnosis of Public Mental Health Care Bureaucracies*“. British Journal of Psychiatry 154, S4 (Mai 1989): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000295871.
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The proliferation of large-scale organisations is a phenomenon of modern society. As Etzioni (1968) puts it, “We are born in organisations, educated by organisations and most of us spend much of our lives working for organisations”. Most public organisations in modern society are bureaucracies and the field of psychiatry is no exception: a trend toward growing bureaucratisation, of both public and private mental health services organisations, can be observed everywhere. To a large extent, this is because, as standards of care become regulated and quality controls increase, the tasks that mental health professionals and administrators perform become better understood, more predictable, and more programmed. There is still room for creativity and innovation, but only in incremental, well controlled steps.
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Osteresch, Rico, Andreas Fach, Johannes Schmucker, Ingo Eitel, Harald Langer, Rainer Hambrecht und Harm Wienbergen. „Long-Term Risk Factor Control After Myocardial Infarction—A Need for Better Prevention Programmes“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, Nr. 8 (27.07.2019): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081114.
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Introduction: Long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI) is still serious, especially in patients with MI and cardiogenic shock. To improve long-term prognosis and prevent recurrent events, sustainable cardiovascular risk factor control (RFC) after MI is crucial. Methods: The article gives an overview on health care data regarding RFC after MI and presents recent trials on modern preventive strategies that support patients to achieve risk factor targets during long-term course. Results: International registry studies, such as EUROASPIRE, observed alarming deficiencies in RFC after MI. As data of the German Bremen ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-Registry show, most deficiencies are found in socially disadvantaged city districts and in young patients. Several studies on prevention programmes to improve RFC after MI reported inconsistent data; however, in the recently published IPP trial a 12-months intensive prevention programme that included both repetitive personal contacts with non-physician prevention assistants and telemetric risk factor control, was associated with significant improvements of numerous risk factors (smoking, LDL and total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and physical inactivity). Conclusions: There is a strong need of action to improve long-term risk RFC after MI, especially in socially disadvantaged patients. Modern prevention programmes, using personal and telemetric contacts, have large potential to support patients in achieving long-term risk factor targets after coronary events.
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Möller U, Olsson, Malmgren Fänge A, Kristensson J, Smedberg D, Falkvall F und Ekvall Hansson E. „Modern technology against falls – A description of the MoTFall project“. Health Informatics Journal 27, Nr. 2 (April 2021): 146045822110115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582211011514.
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To meet future challenges from an older and physically less active population innovative solutions are needed. Modern Technology against Falls (MoTFall) aims to prevent falls, increase physical activity and improve self-rated health among older people by means of an information and communication technology based system. The project has developed technology-based solutions, focusing on person-centred care. A participatory research design was applied in the development of a mobile application, a wearable inertial movement measurement unit (IMMU), called the Snubblometer (‘snubbla’ is ‘stumble’ in Swedish) and a web-based education programme for health care professionals. The mobile application includes a fall risk index, exercises and information related to falls prevention. By linking the app to the IMMU, person-centred interventions can be developed and implemented in various health care settings and with different target populations. The IMMU has shown good validity and reliability for measuring postural sway and high sensitivity and specificity for measuring a near fall. The education programme is directed at non-graduate health care professionals in nursing homes and home care. The technical solutions have potential for use in research and in clinical practice.
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Kumar Kolay, Swapan, und Siddharth Chowdhary. „Obstacles to Acquire Modern Medical Institutional Facility with Special Reference to Maternal Health Care among Tribals of South Bastar in Chhattisgarh“. Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 8, Nr. 1 (15.06.2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.8122.1.
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Introduction: The Maternal Mortality Ratio of Chhattisgarh is 269 (SRS 2010-11) which are higher than the National average (178). If we analyze the state wise data of MMR we found that Chhattisgarh is fourth in position amongst all states of India. Maternal and child health care is an important aspect of health seeking behaviour which is largely neglected among the tribal groups (Basu et al., 1990). It has been seen that inspite of a lot of government incentive programmes for women health care and development, some obstacles create obstruction to acquire modern medical institutional facilities. It is a burning concern for the development because the problems of tribal women differ from a particular area to another area owing to their geographical location, historical background and the processes of social change (Chauhan, A., 1990). Objectives: The study concerned with the objective of understanding the gap between government modern health facilities and tribal women with special reference to maternal health care. Study Area: For the study purpose tribal dominating villages of south Bastar, Chhattisgarh was selected. Chhattisgarh is known as 10th largest state of India where Bastar is known as its rich and uniqueness of bio-cultural diversity in the whole world. Methodology: Random sampling technique was the key instrument for selecting sample as well as Snowball sampling is also used to identify a few households where maternal and infant related problems occurred through some key informants in the village and ask each of them to identify households where maternal problems have occurred. Questionnaire on different variables of knowledge, attitudes, belief and opinion about government health institution were organised by direct interview. Along with above semi participatory observation was strength for the data collection. Result: The findings stated that the acceptance of modern institutional health facilities is poor amongst tribal people. In addition, a lot of females suffered from ill health due to pregnancy and childbirth in the absence of a well defined concept of health consciousness. Conclusion: The health problems of mothers arise as a result of synergistic effects of malnutrition, poverty, illiteracy, unhygienic living conditions, infections and unregulated fertility. Apart from that superstitious beliefs play an essential obstruction to acquire modern medical facilities. At the same time, poor infrastructure and ineffective public health services is also responsible for low inadequate obstetric care. Keywords: Maternal mortality; Seeking behavior; Modern medical institutional; Tribal women; Superstitious beliefs.
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Boyle, Terry J., und Kieran Mervyn. „The making and sustaining of leaders in health care“. Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, Nr. 2 (28.03.2019): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-07-2018-0210.
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Purpose Many nations are focussing on health care’s Triple Aim (quality, overall community health and reduced cost) with only moderate success. Traditional leadership learning programmes have been based on a taught curriculum, but the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate more modern approaches through procedures and tools. Design/methodology/approach This study evolved from grounded and activity theory foundations (using semi-structured interviews with ten senior healthcare executives and qualitative analysis) which describe obstructions to progress. The study began with the premise that quality and affordable health care are dependent upon collaborative innovation. The growth of new leaders goes from skills to procedures and tools, and from training to development. Findings This paper makes “frugal innovation” recommendations which while not costly in a financial sense, do have practical and social implications relating to the Triple Aim. The research also revealed largely externally driven health care systems under duress suffering from leadership shortages. Research limitations/implications The study centred primarily on one Canadian community health care services’ organisation. Since healthcare provision is place-based (contextual), the findings may not be universally applicable, maybe not even to an adjacent community. Practical implications The paper dismisses outdated views of the synonymity of leadership and management, while encouraging clinicians to assume leadership roles. Originality/value This paper demonstrates how health care leadership can be developed and sustained.
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Cabak, Anna, Agnieszka Rudnicka, Leszek Kulej und Wiesław Tomaszewski. „Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation Programme for Patients with Chronic Back Pain. Pilot Study“. Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 19, Nr. 2 (12.04.2017): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/15093492.1238033.
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Background. In the search for effective and comprehensive therapies of back pain, an increasing emphasis in being placed on the biopsychosocial model and multidimensional support programmes for patients as well the use of modern technologies in this area of medicine. This study aimed to assess a programme of customised ad hoc physiotherapeutic consultations for patients with back pain who had been on the waiting list for rehabilitation treatment for a long time. Material and method. The study group comprised 68 patients of the Rehabilitation Centre Non-Public Health Care Institution who had been waiting for rehabilitation treatment for at least three months. The patients, diagnosed with chronic back pain and aged 40-80 years, were randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group took part in a programme of three consultations, provided on average once a month. The patients from both groups were assessed after the three-month programme, immediately before the commencement of the prescribed rehabilitation treatment. We evaluated the pain threshold at trigger points of selected muscles using the algometric method (kg/cm 2 ), subjective assessment of pain (VAS), functional limitations (Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire) and quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36). The statistical analysis of the results used non-parametric methods: significance of differences between the groups was evaluated with the Mann–Whitney U test and correlations between the variables were assessed separately for each group using Spearman’s rank order correlation. The significance threshold was accepted at α=0.05. Results. The algometric evaluation of all the muscles revealed significantly lower sensitivity to pain, demonstrated by a higher pain threshold (p<0.0001), in the experimental group. Moreover, this group also included a much smaller percentage of patients with a high level of functional limitations according to the Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire. The quality of life evaluation revealed that the control group scored poorer in the mental domain (p=0.02). Conclusions. The ad hoc intervention programme for patients referred for rehabilitation due to chronic back pain showed demonstrable beneficial effects with regard to their psychophysical health. Similar programmes should be more readily offered to patients at health care centres and implemented into clinical practice.
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Hayes-Bautista, David E., und Meredith Minkler. „Medical Modernization: A Macro Level Conceptualization of Medical Care Programs“. La prise en charge communautaire de la santé, Nr. 1 (28.01.2016): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034840ar.
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The authors seek to conceptualize the assumptions underlying the theoretical models of medical modernization. They note that the implantation of a rational and scientific health care system has often meant simply copying western models. The application of medical modernization models is examined in relation to marginal and disadvantaged groups in the United States as well as developing countries. The authors attempt to identify the general characteristics of these programmes and to evaluate the outcomes. The main outcomes of the transplantation of this model are seen as: For the purposes of comparison, the authors briefly examine another model which they term "health development". This models indicates that a general improvement in the health of the population depends as much on economic, political, ideological and technological factors as health care itself. Drawing on examples from China and Cuba, the authors note the importance of a more equitable distribution of goods, power and participation in the process of improving health. They conclude by stressing the necessity to carefully wegh the effects of importing modern medical practices.
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Singh, Swaran P. „Running an effective community mental health team“. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 6, Nr. 6 (November 2000): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.6.6.414.
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Community psychiatric teams are an integral part of modern mental health services. The development of such teams has allowed the care of patients to be transferred from institutions to the community. A Cochrane review of community-based programmes showed that community team-based psychiatric services led to a reduction in suicide rates, improved patient engagement and were more acceptable to patients (Tyrer et al, 1999). Community care also reduces the number of days patients stay in hospital, but not the number of admissions (Marshall et al, 1995). However, community mental health teams (CMHTs) have been criticised for their ambiguous and overambitious aims, and their tendency to neglect people with the most challenging health- and social-care needs (Patmore & Weaver, 1991; Sayce et al, 1991). All mental health workers are not necessarily eager, or skilled, to work effectively in teams. Building and maintaining an effective team requires commitment, clarity of purpose, a shared vision and frequent review of team operations. In a previous issue of APT, Burns & Guest (1999) described the adaptation and running of an assertive community treatment team in an inner-city area. Here I examine the attributes of effective CMHTs (Box 1), enumerate barriers and challenges to team-working (Box 2) and suggest strategies for improving team effectiveness (Box 3).
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Surdo, El'vira, und Vladislav Galonsky. „EFFICIENCY OF PREVENTION OF DISEASES OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ISSUE FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN“. Actual problems in dentistry 17, Nr. 3 (12.11.2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-21-17-3-13-19.
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Subject. Dentine pathology is widely prevalent among children in many countries around the globe, which determines the relevance of consideration, organisation and performance of different forms of health education activities for this part of the population. Programmes for dental disease prevention are represented by different methods and means, the purpose of which is creation of correct skills and abilities aimed at preservation and maintenance of oral cavity health. For blind and hyposeeing children, there is absence of special technology for teaching dental culture and rational hygiene of the oral cavity.
Aim – studying and analysis and literature related to forms and methods of health education activities for children with consideration for their somatic status.
Methods.The study was carried out based on the search for and analysis of original articles devoted to issues of dental disease prevention among children and adolescents in the following databases: ELIBRARY, PubMed, Medline, Cyberleninka. A total of 45 sources have been analysed (25 by Russian and 20 foreign authors).
Conclusions. Preventive dental care programmes for conventionally healthy children at the modern stage of development are sufficiently effective, diverse in their contents, point at the necessity of further introduction of individual preventive care activities. Few organisational forms of health education activities have been developed for children with health limitations. There is no special method for organisation of health education activities for blind and hyposeeing children. These circumstances point at the necessity of development and introduction of correction methods for primary prevention of oral cavity diseases for this category of subjects.
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Schlebusch, Lourens. „Medical Psychology and Psychonephrology: Contributions of Clinical Psychology“. South African Journal of Psychology 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 1986): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638601600202.
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Clinical psychology is developing into an integral part of modern health care delivery systems as evidenced by its role in the establishment of services in clinical psychology in general hospitals, training programmes in medical psychology, and the increased teaching of medically applied psychology in medical schools. This extended role of clinical psychology is discussed against the background of a subspecialization in psychonephrology. The aim is to illustrate the development of psychological treatment for chronically ill patients with end-stage renal disease, in the context of a developing country with a multi-ethnic society.
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Volterrani, Maurizio, und Barbara Sposato. „Remote monitoring and telemedicine“. European Heart Journal Supplements 21, Supplement_M (01.12.2019): M54—M56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suz266.
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Abstract Telemedicine and remote monitoring represent more than the communication of health data via a ‘remote connection’. Modern systems can be stand-alone and can be equipped with the ability to acquire and summarize data in order to inform the patient, carer or health care giver. The information can be held locally or be shared with a health care centre. Contemporary telemedicine and telemonitoring solutions have shifted their focus, trying to work on a system which is ubiquitous, efficient and sustainable. Along with devices that collect and elaborate data, a new generation of plug and play sensors has also come to life, which with standardization can lower management costs and make introduction into practice more feasible. Multiple trials (TIM-HF, TEN-HMS and BEAT.HF) have reported varying outcomes, depending on the monitoring system and the background health care process. A special mention is necessary for home tele-rehabilitation programmes for patients with heart failure. Despite the progress obstacles remain, including adequate training, data ownership and handling and applicability to larger populations. This article will review contemporary advances in this area.
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Salvi, Dario, Manuel Ottaviano, Salla Muuraiskangas, Alvaro Martínez-Romero, Cecilia Vera-Muñoz, Andreas Triantafyllidis, Maria Fernanda Cabrera Umpiérrez et al. „An m-Health system for education and motivation in cardiac rehabilitation: the experience of HeartCycle guided exercise“. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 24, Nr. 4 (28.03.2017): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x17697501.
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Introduction Home-based programmes for cardiac rehabilitation play a key role in the recovery of patients with coronary artery disease. However, their necessary educational and motivational components have been rarely implemented with the help of modern mobile technologies. We developed a mobile health system designed for motivating patients to adhere to their rehabilitation programme by providing exercise monitoring, guidance, motivational feedback, and educational content. Methods Our multi-disciplinary approach is based on mapping “desired behaviours” into specific system’s specifications, borrowing concepts from Fogg’s Persuasive Systems Design principles. A randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare mobile-based rehabilitation (55 patients) versus standard care (63 patients). Results Some technical issues related to connectivity, usability and exercise sessions interrupted by safety algorithms affected the trial. For those who completed the rehabilitation (19 of 55), results show high levels of both user acceptance and perceived usefulness. Adherence in terms of started exercise sessions was high, but not in terms of total time of performed exercise or drop-outs. Educational level about heart-related health improved more in the intervention group than the control. Exercise habits at 6 months follow-up also improved, although without statistical significance. Discussion Results indicate that the adopted design methodology is promising for creating applications that help improve education and foster better exercise habits, but further studies would be needed to confirm these indications.
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Dalglish, Sarah L., Sarah Straubinger, Justine A. Kavle, Lacey Gibson, Evariste Mbombeshayi, Jimmy Anzolo, Kerry Scott und Michel Pacqué. „Who are the real community health workers in Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo?“ BMJ Global Health 4, Nr. 4 (Juli 2019): e001529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001529.
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Recent years have seen increasing momentum towards task shifting of basic health services, including using community health workers (CHW) to diagnose and treat common childhood illnesses. Yet few studies have examined the role of traditional healers in meeting families’ and communities’ health needs and liaising with the formal health system. We examine these issues in Tshopo Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country with high rates of child mortality (104 deaths per 1000 live births). We conducted 127 in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions with a range of community members (mothers, fathers and grandmothers of children under 5 years of age) and health providers (CHWs, traditional healers, doctors and nurses) on topics related to care seeking and case management for childhood illness and malnutrition, and analysed them iteratively using thematic content analysis. We find significant divergence between biomedical descriptions of child illness and concepts held by community members, who distinguished between local illnesses and so-called ‘white man’s diseases.’ Traditional healers were far less costly and more geographically accessible to families than were biomedical health providers, and usually served as families’ first recourse after home care. Services provided by traditional healers were also more comprehensive than services provided by CHWs, as the traditional medicine sphere recognised and encompassed care for ‘modern’ diseases (but not vice versa). Meanwhile, CHWs did not receive adequate training, supervision or supplies to provide child health services. Considering their accessibility, acceptability, affordability and ability to recognise all domains of illness (biomedical and spiritual), traditional healers can be seen as the de facto CHWs in Tshopo Province. National and international health policymakers should account for and involve this cadre of health workers when planning child health services and seeking to implement policies and programmes that genuinely engage with community health systems.
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Kretser, Tatiana Yu, und Irina V. Volkhina. „Possibilities of developing digital competencies in the study of biochemistry“. Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 14, Nr. 6 (07.05.2024): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped626374.
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Modern society requires the adoption and use of digital programmes and technologies in all spheres of activity, including health care and education. Healthcare professionals need to adapt to the digital age in order to provide quality professional care. In order to develop digital competences in the process of studying biological chemistry, there is a need to add new additional knowledge, skills and abilities to the basic mandatory requirements, which causes the need for a special level of teacher training in this field, as well as the availability of modern technologies. This article considers possible ways and methods of incorporating digital technologies into the processes of lecturing, conducting laboratory and practical classes, selecting literature, performing independent work and controlling the knowledge obtained by students. Available digital tools and services for adapting students’ learning in the discipline of “Biological Chemistry” within the framework of digital transformation are proposed. Thus, the use of digital technologies and special equipment in education changes the ways of learning, search, collection, analysis and transfer of educational, professional and scientific information, the nature of students’ independent work, as well as the control of knowledge and skills.
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RANDRIANASOLO, BODO, TERESA SWEZEY, KATHLEEN VAN DAMME, MARIA R. KHAN, NORO RAVELOMANANA, NY LOVANIAINA RABENJA, MBOLATIANA RAHARINIVO, APRIL J. BELL, DENISE JAMIESON und FRIEDA BEHETS. „BARRIERS TO THE USE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMAN-CONTROLLED PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN MADAGASCAR“. Journal of Biosocial Science 40, Nr. 6 (November 2008): 879–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002672.
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SummaryGlobally, unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) persist as significant threats to women’s reproductive health. Barriers to the use of modern contraceptives by women might inhibit uptake of novel woman-controlled methods for preventing STIs/HIV. Use of modern contraceptives and perceptions and attitudes towards contraceptive use were investigated among women in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using qualitative research. The hypothetical acceptability of the diaphragm – a woman-controlled barrier contraceptive device that also holds promise of protecting against STIs/HIV – was assessed. Women consecutively seeking care for vaginal discharge at a public health clinic were recruited for participation in a semi-structured interview (SSI) or focus group discussion (FGD). Audiotaped SSIs and FGDs were transcribed, translated and coded for predetermined and emerging themes. Of 46 participating women, 70% reported occasional use of male condoms, mostly for preventing pregnancy during their fertile days. Although women could name effective contraceptive methods, only 14% reported using hormonal contraception. Three barriers to use of modern contraceptives emerged: gaps in knowledge about the range of available contraceptive methods; misinformation and negative perceptions about some methods; and concern about social opposition to contraceptive use, mainly from male partners. These results demonstrate the need for programmes in both family planning and STI prevention to improve women’s knowledge of modern contraceptives and methods to prevent STI and to dispel misinformation and negative perceptions of methods. In addition, involvement of men will probably be a critical component of increased uptake of woman-controlled pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention methods and improved health.
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Beglyakova, Yuliya M., und Aleksander S. Shchirskii. „RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES“. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, Nr. 2 (2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2020-2-103-110.
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The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.
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Kotliar, I. A., M. V. Sokolova und E. G. Sheina. „The Importance of Taking Risks: A Report on the Conference“. Cultural-Historical Psychology 12, Nr. 1 (2016): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2016120111.
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The paper gives an overview of the 14th interdisciplinary conference The Importance of Taking Risks held by the Welsh branch of the International Play Association. The meeting focused on various aspects of supporting children’s play and on the role of risk in child development. The conference had a clear multidis- ciplinary character and brought together specialists from a variety of fields: psychologists, teachers, social workers, experts in risk assessment, and health care professionals. The paper outlines how risk is understood in modern western theory and practice and distinguishes between risk and danger. A child must be taught to assess situations as safe or dangerous. However, modern developmental environment tends to reduce the possibility of risks for the child, which deprives him/her of the natural means of learning about the world and reduces creativity and independence and holds back the child’s self-regulation, prolonging compelled dependence and making children more infantile. The conference also involved discussions concerning tech- niques for risk assessment and a number of prevention programmes and practices. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities (project No 15-06-10627 “Psychological and pedagogical analysis of children’s play environment of the modern city”).
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Baratti-Mayer, Denise, Moussa Baba Daou, Angèle Gayet-Ageron, Emilien Jeannot und Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod. „Sociodemographic Characteristics of Traditional Healers and Their Knowledge of Noma: A Descriptive Survey in Three Regions of Mali“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 22 (19.11.2019): 4587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224587.
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Background: Noma can be a lethal disease and causes disfigurement in young children in low-resource countries, particularly in Africa. In these settings, 80% of the population mainly consult traditional healers for healthcare problems. Our study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of traditional healers and to assess their knowledge of noma. Methods: We conducted a survey among traditional healers in three Malian regions from May 2015 to January 2016 and collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, professional activity, knowledge, and experience of noma and collaboration with modern medicine. Results: Among 770 traditional healers invited to participate, 732 responded (95%) (mean age, 54.5 years). Most were illiterate (66.3%), which was associated with older age (p < 0.001). Although they treated all types of disease, only 10.5% had some knowledge of noma, with regional differences (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Noma is poorly known among traditional healers, especially in remote areas. Our findings suggest a lack of interest among young people for traditional medicine, implying an imminent decrease of healers, and thus the need for national health systems to strengthen and promote access to modern health care. Training programmes to improve the early diagnosis referral of noma patients should include all types of primary health workers.
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Charzyńska-Gula, Marianna, Grażyna Rożek, Piotr Szulich, Agnieszka Sojda, Bogdan Tomczyk und Marta Zielinska. „Breast cancer prevention behaviour of nurses and midwives - introduction to the discussion“. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 63 (08.03.2024): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.63.015.
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Introduction Nurses and midwives are a large and therefore very important - for the population effect of many public health activities - group of health care professionals. Breast cancer prevention is one of them.
Aim of the study The aim of the study was to initiate a discussion on the decision-making processes related to the reporting of breast cancer screening by nurses and midwives. The discussion was prompted by the diagnosis of analogous behaviours in a selected group of nurses and midwives working in a selected hospital.
Material and methods A total of 118 nurses and midwives working in one of the Podkarpackie hospitals were studied. A diagnostic survey was used with an author's questionnaire prepared for this study with elements of a knowledge test. The study was conducted in January 2023.
Results In the group of nurses and midwives aged 50 years and older, 10% of nurses and 33.3% of midwives had never performed mammography. Breast ultrasound had never been performed by 25% of nurses and 23.8% of midwives. The reasons for this are varied and stem from both the family experience of the respondents and personal health concerns and beliefs. In the light of the review, it was shown that the participation of nurses and midwives in breast cancer prevention programmes requires a special approach in the design of such programmes and the attitude of nurses and midwives towards participation in oncology screenings demonstrates the need for special support for this group in their decisions.
Conclusions There is an urgent need to use different approaches and models in the preparation of modern decision aids for women recipients of oncology prevention programmes that take into account the trade-offs and preferences of women from both groups - medical women and their clients.
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Pawson, Ray, Joanne Greenhalgh und Cathy Brennan. „Demand management for planned care: a realist synthesis“. Health Services and Delivery Research 4, Nr. 2 (Januar 2016): 1–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr04020.
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BackgroundThe task of matching fluctuating demand with available capacity is one of the basic challenges in all large-scale service industries. It is a particularly pressing concern in modern health-care systems, as increasing demand (ageing populations, availability of new treatments, increased patient knowledge, etc.) meets stagnating supply (capacity and funding restrictions on staff and services, etc.). As a consequence, a very large portfolio of demand management strategies has developed based on quite different assumptions about the source of the problem and about the means of its resolution.MethodsThis report presents a substantial review of the effectiveness of main strategies designed to alleviate demand pressures in the area of planned care. The study commences with an overview of the key ideas about the genesis of demand and capacity problems for health services. Many different diagnoses were uncovered: fluctuating demand meeting stationary capacity; turf protection between different providers; social rather than clinical pressures on referral decisions; self-propelling diagnostic cascades; supplier-induced demand; demographic pressures on treatment; and the informed patient and demand inflation. We then conducted a review of the key ideas (programme theories) underlying interventions designed to address demand imbalance. We discovered that there was no close alignment between purported problems and advocated solutions. Demand management interventions take their starting point in seeking reforms at the levels of strategic decision-making, organisational re-engineering, procedural modifications and behavioural change. In mapping the ideas for reform, we also noted a tendency for programme theories to become ‘whole-system’ models; over time policy-makers have advocated the need for concerted action on all of these fronts.FindingsThe remainder and core of the report contains a realist synthesis of the empirical evidence on the effectiveness on a spanning subset of four major demand management interventions: referral management centres (RMCs); using general practitioners with special interests (GPwSIs) at the interface between primary and secondary care; general practitioner (GP) direct access to clinical tests; and referral guidelines. In all cases we encountered a chequered pattern of success and failure. The primary literature is replete with accounts of unanticipated problems and unintended effects. These programmes ‘work’ only in highly circumscribed conditions. To give brief examples, we found that the success of RMCs depends crucially on the balance of control in their governance structures; GPwSIs influence demand only after close negotiations on an agreed and intermediate case mix; significant efficiencies are created by direct GP access to tests mainly when there is low diagnostic yield and high ‘rule-out’ rates; and referral guidelines are more likely to work when implemented by staff with responsibility for their creation.ConclusionsThe report concludes that there is no ‘preferred intervention’ that has the capacity to outperform all others. Instead, the review found many, diverse, hard-won, local and adaptive solutions. Whatever the starting point, success in demand management depends on synchronising a complex array of strategic, organisational, procedural and motivational changes. The final chapter offers practitioners some guidance on how they might ‘think through’ all of the interdependencies, which bring demand and capacity into equilibrium. A close analysis of the implementation of different configurations of demand management interventions in different local contexts using mixed methods would be valuable to understand the processes through which such interventions are tailored to local circumstances. There is also scope for further evidence synthesis. The substitution theory is ubiquitous in health and social care and a realist synthesis to compare the fortunes of different practitioners placed at different professional boundaries (e.g. nurses/doctors, dentists/dental care practitioners, radiologists/radiographers and so on) would be valuable to identify the contexts and mechanisms through which substitution, support or short-circuit occurs.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Thiagarajan, Ravi R., Geoffrey L. Bird, Karen Harrington, John R. Charpie, Richard C. Ohye, James M. Steven, Michael Epstein und Peter C. Laussen. „Improving safety for children with cardiac disease“. Cardiology in the Young 17, S4 (September 2007): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951107001230.
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AbstractThe complexity of the modern systems providing health care presents a unique challenge in delivering care of the required quality in a safe environment. Issues of safety have been thrust into the limelight because of adverse events highly publicized in the general media.In the United States of America, improving the safety and quality in health care has been set forth as a priority for improvements in the 21st century in the report from the Institute of Medicine. Many measures have now been initiated for improving the safety of patients at hospital, regional, and national level, and through initiatives sponsored by governments and private organizations. In this review, we summarize known concepts and current issues on the safety of patients, and their applicability to children with congenital cardiac disease. Prior to examining the issues of medical error and safety, it is important to define the terminology.An error is defined as the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended, also known as an execution error, or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim, this representing a planning error. An active error is an error that occurs at the level of the frontline operator, and the effects of which are felt immediately. A latent error is an error in the design, organization, training and maintenance, that leads to operator errors, and the effects of which are typically dormant in the system for lengthy periods of time. Latent errors may cause harm given the right circumstances and environment.An adverse event is defined as an injury resulting from medical intervention. A preventable adverse event is an adverse event that occurs due to medical error. Negligent adverse events are a subset of preventable adverse events where the care provided did not meet the standard of care expected of that practitioner.The study of improving the delivery of safe care for our patients is a rapidly growing field. Important components for development of programmes to improve the safety of patients include the leadership for the programme, the implementation of process design based on human limitations, the promotion of teamwork and function, the anticipation of unexpected events, and the creation of a learning environment.Much is yet to be learned about the risk and incidence of adverse events during hospitalization of children with congenital cardiac disease. Errors due to human factors, such as poor communication, poor coordination, and suboptimal team work, have shown to be important causes of adverse outcomes in children undergoing cardiac surgery, and should be a focus for improvement. Future research on evaluating causes and prevention of medical errors and adverse events in this population at high risk, and consuming high resources, is essential.Issues of inadequate safeguards for patients have been prominent in the media, and have been highlighted in reports from the Institute of Medicine. Our review discusses research on the causes of medical error, and proposes concepts to design successful programmes to improve safety for the patients on a local level.
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Pivovarova, Oksana A., Elena I. Aksenova und Natalia N. Kamynina. „Assessment of global research directions in medicine (literature review)“. HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, Nr. 5 (09.11.2021): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-5-477-484.
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The identification of research fronts and the setting of priorities is a significant challenge in science and policy. The Global Research Front cluster of scientific articles is united by co-citing in other papers at a particular time. SciVal (online platform for monitoring and analyzing international research using visualization tools and modern citation metrics, economic and social efficiency) has three subject areas: Clinical Medicine, health management, and public health. By the total number of articles and the share of the direction in the research area of InCites Citation Topics, determine the global research fronts: neuroscanning, immunology, diet, orthopaedics and psychiatry. Today, the world is witnessing large-scale scientific programmes aimed at understanding human beings and their health. Because of the growing burden of significant brain diseases worldwide, scientists need to find effective means to apply modern biotechnology fully and address current clinical medicine issues. The threats of infectious diseases and the development of new vaccines have reinforced the pronounced response of the Global Immunology Observatory and related products in the field of system immunology. The scientific communities have embarked on a comprehensive consultation that should lead to a global strategy on diet and diet, physical activity, and reducing musculoskeletal and musculoskeletal diseases. Orthopaedic surgeons are developing new procedures and technologies to optimize patient care based on a science-based approach. The scale of mental health problems is at the heart of the global health and development plan of the World Bank, WHO and other national and international organizations, highlighting the scale of these challenges and successes that can be achieved if we work together to solve them.
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McKie, Andrew, Fiona Baguley, Caitrian Guthrie, Carol Jackson, Pamela Kirkpatrick, Adele Laing, Stephen O’Brien, Ruth Taylor und Peter Wimpenny. „Exploring clinical wisdom in nursing education“. Nursing Ethics 19, Nr. 2 (März 2012): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011416841.
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The recent interest in wisdom in professional health care practice is explored in this article. Key features of wisdom are identified via consideration of certain classical, ancient and modern sources. Common themes are discussed in terms of their contribution to ‘clinical wisdom’ itself and this is reviewed against the nature of contemporary nursing education. The distinctive features of wisdom (recognition of contextual factors, the place of the person and timeliness) may enable their significance for practice to be promoted in more coherent ways in nursing education. Wisdom as practical knowledge (phronesis) is offered as a complementary perspective within the educational preparation and practice of students of nursing. Certain limitations within contemporary UK nursing education are identified that may inhibit development of clinical wisdom. These are: the modularization of programmes in higher education institutions, the division of pastoral and academic support and the relationship between theory and practice.
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Kalinina, A. M., A. V. Kontsevaya und A. D. Deev. „LONG-TERM ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MULTIFACTORIAL CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION PROGRAMME IN THE CONTEXT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE“. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 12, Nr. 1 (20.02.2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2013-1-60-66.
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Economic effects of the multifactorial cardiovascular prevention programme are analysed in the context of prevention-associated preserved work potential. The programme of multifactorial prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the few Russian controlled studies, which was performed in the primary health care settings, in the population-based middle-aged cohort, and included both the active preventive intervention (5 years) and the end-point follow-up (10 years). This study is a post-hoc analysis employing modern parameters of integrated assessment, such as life-years saved (LYS) and estimated cost-effectiveness of the programme. In the active prevention population, the 5-year intervention saved 52,5 life-years per 1000 participants, with the cumulative 10-year LYS number of 147,4. The programme costs per 1 LYS (85512,4 roubles for 5 years and 41679,3 roubles for 10 years) were significantly lower than the gross domestic product per one worker per year (290000 roubles). The payback of the CVD prevention investment (per 1 rouble invested) reached 2,3 roubles for 5 years and 5,8 roubles for 10 years. Multifactorial medical prevention of CVD is economically effective and justifiable when integrated into the routine practice of primary health care.
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Stasenko, О., und S. Mishyn. „Forms of organization of physical education and recreational activities as a means of strengthening pupils’ health“. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), Nr. 3(162) (30.03.2023): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.3k(162).80.
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The paper views the problem of organizing physical education classes in institutions of general secondary education. At the moment, it is conditioned by the importance to direct children to take care of their own health in the process of education, to form in them an attitude to systematic physical exercises, and accordingly to increase the level of daily physical activity. Analysis of scientific research shows that today’s lifestyle does not provide a full-fledged biological norm of motor activity, physical development and health promotion. This problem is not solved even by the introduction of the third class of physical education. It has been established that motor activity is an integral part of the natural development, formation of a child’s lifestyle and behaviour. The level of motor activity during school years depends on the organization of the physical education process, as well as on the organization of special and independent physical education classes outside the school, i.e. during extracurricular and after-school activities.
It has been established that an important role in the formation of motor activity among teenagers is played by the introduction of certain forms of physical education and recreational work, namely: tourist walks on the weekend, hiking, outdoor games and sports games of a recreational type, sports entertainment of a recreational type, various modern fitness programmes. Appropriate forms of classes provide an opportunity to actively communicate with peers, obtain a sufficient level of motor activity, physically develop, and also actively rest. Theoretical and practical studies prove that the physical and recreational activities of children today are based on the use of modern means of physical culture, ideals and values of a healthy lifestyle, advanced achievements of scientists in the field of physical education and sports.
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Garner, Ruth, und Sue Rugg. „Electronic Care Records: An Update on the Garner Project“. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, Nr. 3 (März 2005): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506800306.
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Change is omnipresent in modern society. Much of it relates to new technology and, in particular, to information, communication and management technology. To thrive, individuals and organisations must react appropriately to the challenges offered by such change. This opinion piece outlines the most recent phase of a continuing project exploring the use of information and communication technologies in the allied health professions. It focuses on the use of electronic patient records, or electronic care records as they have more recently become known. Such records form an important strand in the National Health Service's vast, ongoing National Programme for Information Technology (Granger 2003, NPfIT 2004). The piece concludes by outlining the steps that occupational therapists and occupational therapy services can take to ensure that they are well placed to participate in current and future electronic care records initiatives.
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Tucak, Ivana. „LEGAL AND ETHICAL JUSTIFICATION OF COMPENSATION REGARDING COMPULSORY VACCINATION INJURIES“. Facta Universitatis, Series: Law and Politics 15, Nr. 2 (31.07.2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fulp1702145t.
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Although vaccination as a modern public health measure has been accompanied with controversies since its very beginning, today medicine has no doubts with respect to its benefits for individuals and whole communities. It is to be noted that vaccination has significantly decreased the incidence and mortality rate of a number of infectious diseases. When propagating vaccination, scientists point not only to its effectiveness but also to its efficiency. It is believed that preventive national mass vaccination programmes have saved billions of euros considering treatment and other medical costs which would be incurred due to the outbreak of a disease. Vaccination and other medications may imply certain unwanted reactions. Although severe side effects of vaccination are rare, in such cases compensation of injuries bears great relevance for the success of immunization policies and maintenance of the public trust. This paper attempts to clarify why traditional tort litigation is not convenient in this view. The injured parties often face long-lasting judicial proceedings with an uncertain outcome. What is even worse is that such cases often concern children who are likely to need lifelong care. On the other hand, vaccine manufacturers are also vulnerable. Vaccine production is expensive and subject to strict supervision. High costs cases are particularly discouraging for manufacturers, which jeopardizes public health goals. Our aim is to demonstrate that the Republic of Croatia should introduce the so-called “no-fault” compensation programme which would bind the state to compensate for the damage done to its citizens in the name of the principles such as solidarity and justice.
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Ruszanov, Anett. „Change management through upskilling and reskilling.“ International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28.12.2023): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23591.
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BeWell is an Erasmus+ Funded project that kicked-off in July 2022 and will last for 4 years. BeWell is aiming to prepare the health workforce, and more broadly the health ecosystem, to cope with future challenges and the continuously changing societal expectations by developing a strategy on upskilling and reskilling the health workforce in the context of the green and digital transition.
BeWell stands for Blueprint alliance for a future hEalth Workforce stratEgy on digital and green skiLLs and serves the objectives of the European Skills Agenda 2020 that aims to support companies and individuals to develop better skills.
The way health and care is delivered is significantly changing due to a number of major trends. Just to mention a few: demographic change, the increasing number of non-communicable diseases, the consequences of our modern urban lifestyle, the use of digital technologies becoming prominent in all phases of care provision as well as becoming essential for horizontal and vertical integration of care, the ambition to reduce the environmental impact of the health sector activities, etc. To respond to these challenges and to manage these changes, health professionals need different sets of skills if they want to keep the quality of care provision consistently high. Appropriate education, lifelong learning, continuing professional development are the key in this equation.
BeWell offers to design, develop and implement a digital and green strategy in partnership with a large number of stakeholders representing VET providers, research, professional organisation, social partners, policy-makers, industry and many others. Having mapped the current and future skill needs, emerging occupations, education and training programmes towards the green and digital transitions will be developed and piloted first of all to provide solutions to health professionals, and second of all to help patients to have access to better care. The strategy will ensure that sporadic training initiatives will be coordinated under a long-term common vision addressing not only current skill needs but will also prepare the workforce for the unknown. The strategy will be implemented at local, national and European level through a large-scale partnership under the Pact for Skills.
All in all, this oral poster session aims to illustrate how health professionals working in primary, secondary, tertiary or informal care settings could benefit from the outputs of the project. Skills matching labour market demands in the context of digital and green transitions will enable health professionals to provide better integrated care services in all settings.
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Farnicka, Marzanna. „The good practice of inclusion in action - the proposal of program based on the Human Rights“. Magyar Gerontológia 13 (29.12.2021): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47225/mg/13/kulonszam/10580.
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Rapidly changing time is a problem: are we able to deal with all challenges in a humanistic and peaceful way? Is it possible? Do falling barriers to trade have led to a rapid change in social life and in the movement of products and labor? With these exciting transformations also came great challenges and threats, at a time when we seem to like each other less and less, with partisan affective polarization on the rise in a country after country.The paper presents definitions of phenomenon of marginalization and exclusion from European perspective. The main idea of its lecture and planned project is the presentation the intervention program among seniors based on heritage of work the French Research Committee on Violence, Crime and Delinquency, who published 40 years ago a document Society against Violence. The document contained analyses on the occurrence of social problems and their determinants, as well as guidelines to reduce risks and reduce the sense of threat and insecurity in modern society. Based on the conclusion included into Report “Society against Violence” the special training was prepared. The theoretical assumption of the project is Levinian model of changes in society and his methodology of action research. The aims of program are to change attitudes in the field of knowledge and attitudes towards the used violence and to improve the skills to react in situations of confrontation with institutional or press aggression or the so-called manifestations of "hate speech" in education institutions. Because of Coronavirus lockdown only idea and first step of implementation (the realisation was stopped) is possible to presentation.
Maybe the program is in a primary stage but we believe that modern societies should relay and based on the idea of Human Rights and spread them elsewhere and that violence in modern societies should be reduced by human rights and democracy education.The document became the basis for the reflection on public debate on violence in international communities and psychological practice against violence in interpersonal and social meaning. The article presents the possible directions of research and psychological interventions in this area especially among seniors. This perspective is worth to be underlined because it is a part of wider trend in preparation social support programmes focused on inclusion adults from a difficult sociocultural environment. Such programmes could improve competencies to protect social capital of societies. The content and scope of these programmes should be drawn from knowledge of the relationships between the various risk factors, protective factors and developmental processes in groups and societies and combine knowledge, practical useful skills and good psychological experience by continue containing with life.
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Jadhav, Sachin B. „Risk factors appraisal for Hypertension among rural community of Western Maharashtra: A field-based study“. MedPulse International Journal of Community Medicine 18, Nr. 2 (2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26611/10111823.
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Background: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. WHO has drawn attention to the fact that, Hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases are our modern epidemic. This contributes to high morbidity, cardiovascular disabilities and increasing mortality in the population. Such trends put an excessive burden on the quantum and quality of health care and necessitate more focus on more costly secondary and tertiary health care. Methods: A field based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among rural population above 40 years. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to record requisite information. A JNC VII criterion was used for blood pressure measurements. Data was analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension among study participants observed was 5.92% (213 cases). Study participants having ‘Sedentary’ type of physical activity showed maximum number of cases (117 cases) than ‘Moderate’ or ‘Heavy’ physical activity group. Prevalence of hypertension was seen higher among upper class social-economic status population. Study participants consuming alcohol with varied frequency showed 158 cases out of total 213 cases while non-alcoholic participants (1995), had 55 cases of hypertension. Conclusions: The risk of hypertension increases with Advancing age positive family history and in male gender. Use of tobacco, alcohol consumption and resorting to non-vegetarian diet are the other contributory factors and the risk is more in the widowed persons as well as in those who are obese. Screening programmes with continuing health education for timely diagnosis and further treatment are to be stressed at policy formation.
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Khair, Kate, und Steve Chaplin. „The impact on parents of having a child with haemophilia“. Journal of Haemophilia Practice 3, Nr. 2 (01.07.2016): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17225/jhp00075.
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Abstract Wider access to modern treatment of haemophilia has led to a growing interest in the family’s role in management. An increasing amount of research has sought to understand the psychosocial impact of living with a child with haemophilia. Understanding how such demands affect parents and families who live with the daily threat of bleeding can help health professionals to provide effective support. A literature review was undertaken with the aim of summarising the key findings from studies published since 2000. The literature review describes many common themes from observational studies that were generally consistent with those emerging from interviews of parents of children with haemophilia. Few intervention studies were identified. Overall, this evidence shows that raising a child with haemophilia can be challenging for parents and the family. Quality of life is impaired in the parents of a child with haemophilia and that many aspects of life are affected. However, providing care can also be rewarding and programmes of support, education and appropriate treatment evidently improve the well-being of parents and families.
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Antonova, N. L., S. B. Abramova und V. R. Lopatina. „Healthy body as a normative model in the perceptions of student youth“. Education and science journal 25, Nr. 5 (15.05.2023): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2023-5-155-175.
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Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyse the ideas of normative body image in the minds of students in the context of current social changes, including those related to the consequences of the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as updating ideas about the properties and characteristics of the body, its ability to function effectively in modern conditions.Aim. The article aimed to analyse students’ ideas about the normative body and to determine its model that is relevant in modern reality.Methodology and research methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is a complex of sociological concepts of the body and corporality. An online survey method was used to collect empirical data. The sample consisted of 380 students living in large cities of the Sverdlovsk Region: Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil and Kamensk-Uralsky. The results obtained were processed using the SPSS statistical data processing software. In order to deepen the data obtained, projective methods were applied – the method of an unfinished sentence and the drawing method.Results and scientific novelty. The survey materials showed that students’ ideas about the normative body correspond to traditional body stereotypes: attractiveness and beauty are attributed to the female body, and working capacity and endurance are attributed to the male body. However, when using projective methods, the rhetoric of corporality shifted into the normative model of a healthy body. The analysis of body care practices indicates the presence of a core, including physical activity and balanced nutrition, which students use to achieve a healthy body as a body that is aesthetically attractive and functionally hardy. Highly appreciating satisfaction with their body, the younger generation strives for a normative model of a healthy body, which gives a sense of comfort to its wearer and allows the realisation of a wide range of needs and interests. In the post-pandemic context, students more often, compared to the pre-pandemic situation, began to include personal hygiene, mental health care, and physical activity in their daily practices.Practical significance. Empirical data contribute to the understanding of students’ ideas about the normative body, the motives for its construction and care for it, and can also serve as the basis for the development of recommendations and programmes for the formation of students’ culture of a healthy body in terms of physical and mental characteristics.
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Lasker, Shamima Parvin. „Training Programme on Applied Research Methodology and SPSS“. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 11, Nr. 3 (08.11.2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v11i3.51223.
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Bangladesh Bioethics Society in cooperation with National Institute of Neuro Science (NINS), Agargoan, Dhaka is going to organized 60 hours (Two weeks) Training Course on Applied Research Methodology and SPSS on February, 2021 for the Post graduate Medical Students of NINS. The course is designed to familiarize the participants with modern tools, techniques and methodologies of research to develop professional knowledge and skills in the field of Health care system. After completion of the course, participants will be expected to undertake research projects independently and to be able to evaluate the research progress at each stage of the process.
This programme is funded by SSRC, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
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Lasker, Shamima Parvin. „Training Programme on Applied Research Methodology and SPSS“. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 11, Nr. 3 (08.11.2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v11i3.51223.
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Bangladesh Bioethics Society in cooperation with National Institute of Neuro Science (NINS), Agargoan, Dhaka is going to organized 60 hours (Two weeks) Training Course on Applied Research Methodology and SPSS on February, 2021 for the Post graduate Medical Students of NINS. The course is designed to familiarize the participants with modern tools, techniques and methodologies of research to develop professional knowledge and skills in the field of Health care system. After completion of the course, participants will be expected to undertake research projects independently and to be able to evaluate the research progress at each stage of the process.
This programme is funded by SSRC, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
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Kumar, Arun, und Farhad Mollick. „Traditional Food and Products to Achieve SDGs in India“. Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 7, Nr. 1 (15.06.2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.7121.2.
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The diversity of India has conserved through indigenous innovations, practices and skills and associated with community traditions and practices. The traditional food system plays a significant role in improving and strengthens Medicare system through improvement in the quality of life including health and nutritional status, food system with improving nutrient values, consumable products for other such as fermented food products like Sinki. A major proportion of the community is suffering from health problems such as Malnutrition, Malaria, Tuberculosis etc and also facing economic crisis due to minimum involvements of traditional knowledge, food and beverages, traditional food system and ignorance of their cultural acceptability in the modern health care, livelihood programme and development programme/policies. The Indigenous diet and tradition food system found helpful to fight with modern illnesses and potentially fulfill dietary recommendations for various micronutrients. The traditional fermented food/ beverage with cultural acceptability can also play an important role in the better livelihood of communities through enhanced food security and income generation via a valuable small scale enterprise option and marketable products. No poverty and Good health and Wellbeing are the most important goals of Sustainable Development-2030 will be achieved via wellbeing and development programme/policies with including culturally important traditional knowledge and traditional food of native and tribal comminutes. The present research paper aims to find out the socio-cultural and medicinal value of traditional food and products and also explore the possibilities of their marketing to achieve the SDGs.
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Morozov, Sergei Y., Marina A. Morozova und Lidiya E. Morozova. „Modern approach to automation of internal control of quality and safety of medical care“. City Healthcare 3, Nr. 1 (10.04.2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v3i1;24-29.
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Introduction. Heads of medical organizations operating under the Moscow Healthcare Department are the ones who take care of internal control of quality and safety of medical care [1-7]. However, once the healthcare system in Moscow switched to the Unified Medical Information Analysis System (UMIAS), abandoning all the other automated information systems the city had previously used (such as Medialog, Megaklinika, Asklepios etc.), Moscow’s medical workers found it impossible to automatically unload certain statistical (analytical) reports. They have to use paper medical records and logs to register the results of the medical care quality control [1, 2, 6]. Many engineers and programmers working in Moscow’s medical system organizations attempted uploading the medical record data and create automated logs within the UMIAS system; however, they failed [4, 8, 9, 10]. That is why they started creating intranet web portals, integrating them with various internal Moscow healthcare systems (such as UMIAS etc.) as well as well as external Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund systems (like the PUMP system for personalized medical care records). This allowed logging in the results of internal quality control and automatically creating statistical and analytical reports, as well as monitoring the document exchange between various offices of Moscow healthcare organizations [11-14]. To ensure the efficiency of these intranet web portals, medical workers responsible for quality control develop checklists that feature pre-approved criteria for evaluating the results of treatment for certain diseases (conditions) in accordance with medical care provision standards and clinical recommendations. Moreover, the comprehensive introduction of intranet web portals helped ensure that clinical recommendations are followed in Moscow healthcare organizations. In fact, it allowed conducting an automated medical and economic examination, similar to the ones carried out by health insurance organizations within the framework of the compulsory medical insurance system as part of state oversight. Goal. To identify the main issues in organizing internal control of quality and safety of medical care associated with the introduction of intranet web portals in Moscow healthcare system’s organizations. Materials and methods. We identified the main issues in organizing internal control of quality and safety of medical care associated with the introduction of intranet web portals in Moscow healthcare system’s organizations. Moreover, we also examined the requirements for checklist development, as well as the difficulties that arise when compiling analytical reports on following the expert criteria and standards of medical care provision and clinical recommendations. Findings. The list of the main issues associated with the introduction of an automated system for organizing internal control of quality and safety of medical care via multi-user intranet web portals includes: training heads of structural units responsible for organizing and carrying out the internal control of quality and safety of medical care; developing checklists using the pre-approved criteria, rules and requirements for providing medical care in accordance with standards and clinical recommendations; and developing an activity plan for organizing various checks (audits) and compiling analytical (statistical) reports to assess the activities of the Moscow healthcare organizations’ structural units (or employees). The checklists must feature codes of MES (medical and economic standards), ICD-10 (10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) and medical services, as well expert criteria mentioned in acting legal documents. This is complicated by the fact that the codes of medical services in the UMIAS system differ from the codes featured in the approved medical service nomenclature, whereas expert criteria undergo frequent updates. Conclusion. To ensure the successful implementation of management responses, one needs to regularly host internal meetings with heads of structural units as well as employees responsible for organizing and carrying out internal control of quality and safety of medical care, and timely develop checklists in accordance with pre-approved standards, assessment criteria, rules and requirements of enforcement authorities while taking into account the latest clinical recommendations. To ensure proper control over following medical care provision standards in accordance with clinical recommendations and, therefore, avoid deductions and fines issued by oversight bodies, one needs to adopt a comprehensive approach to internal control of quality and safety of medical care at every level (stage), including heads of department, deputy chief doctors, deputy heads for clinical expert work etc.
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Smith, B., und H. Kinsey. „It doesn’t add up! Calculations in the modern pharmacy technician curriculum“. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (30.11.2022): ii50—ii51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.060.
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Abstract Introduction Current teaching of calculations to pre-registration pharmacy technicians covers a variety of areas, including dose calculations, conversions, molarity, percentages, displacement values and dilutions. Within the University of East Anglia course these are taught over 2 years with 5 exams spread throughout the course. The extent of how much each calculation is used in practice is unknown. Currently the only educational requirement for pharmacy technicians relating to calculations is to ‘‘Accurately perform pharmaceutical calculations to ensure the safety of people’’ 1. This is open to interpretation and there is no definitive list of what types of calculations pharmacy technicians are expected to carry out and therefore should be taught. Aim Identify the types of calculations that pharmacy technicians undertake in practice and compare this to the types of calculation currently taught on the pre-registration training course for pharmacy technicians. Methods An online survey was distributed via a gatekeeper (after ethical approval, ref ETH2122-1122) to pre-registration pharmacy technicians enrolled on the UEA training programme in their second year, and their educational supervisors who are registered pharmacy technicians. Consenting responders were asked how often they use a variety of calculations in daily practice ranging from ‘never used’ to ‘use every day’. Calculation examples included quantities and volumes to supply, unit conversions, infusion rates, ingredient amounts (using formulae, percentages and displacement values) and molarity. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics via the online JISC survey platform. Results 51 responses were received: 45% pharmacy technicians and 55% pre-registration pharmacy technicians. Responders were from a variety of pharmacy settings: 52.2 % hospital, 17.4% community and the remaining split between mental health, general practice, health in justice, care homes, education and Primary Care Networks. All calculations had been used in practice but to varying degrees of regularity. More common types were: calculating the quantity to supply (100% having used), calculating a dose by volume of liquid (98.1%) and converting dosage units (98.1%). 16 out of 28 calculation types were ‘never used’ by over 50% of responders. The most rarely used being: calculating the molarity of a solution (9.8%), calculating the amount of ingredient to make a set molarity (6.9%), and using displacement values to calculate the base needed for suppositories (6.9%). Discussion/Conclusion The results show that there is disparity between what calculations are taught and what calculations are used by pharmacy technicians in practice. Potential improvements to the curriculum could be to remove some calculations that are less frequently used, focussing more upon commonly used calculations. Removal of any calculations from the curriculum however could result in learners being unable to effectively undertake these if they were to come across the calculation in practice. More research is needed into the importance of learning these calculations, the consequence of removing them from initial curriculums and if there is a need to teach these as further learning for qualified pharmacy technicians. References 1. General Pharmaceutical Council. Standards for the initial education and training of pharmacy technicians. 2017. Available from: https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/initial-PT
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Sedlecki, Katarina. „Behavior and attitudes of adolescents relevant to their reproductive health“. Stanovnistvo 39, Nr. 1-4 (2001): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0104091s.
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Increase in adolescent sexual activity is a phenomenon noticed in modern societies, as well as in Serbia. The sexual activity reveals new health related problems, in relation to the unpremeditated pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Reproductive health is vulnerable especially in case of persons having first sexual experiences being adolescent, what could be explained by the physical immaturity and psychosocial infirmity to be responsible in sexual behaviour. The study of 300 sexually active adolescent women aged 19, attending The Youth Advisory Center of The Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia was conducted between 1995 - 1997. The aim of this study was to evaluate how much the reproductive health in this population was endangered, by analyzing their sexual behavior, their attitudes in the spheres of sexuality and reproduction, as well as some variables of social microenvironments that might be relevant to adolescent sexual behavior. Questionnaire included investigation of youth opinion about some acceptable social measures in this field. According to the results of this study the adolescents reproductive health is seriously endangered. Interwieved adolescent females most frequently used traditional birth control methods, like coitus interruptus (54,3%), and often didn't think about the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted disesase (with new sexual partner the regular condom use was reported only in case of 55,6% girls). Adolescent girls had also poor health behaviors so that 31,0% of interviewed adolescent females visited gynecologist for the first time not earlier than one to three years after their first sexual experience. That resulted in large number of unplanned pregnancies (16,0% of interwieved girls had one or more induced abortions) and, possibly, a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. The model of sexual behavior, that was accepted by adolescent females was partly due to the lack of adolescents knowledge about sexuallity, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. Improper were the main sources of relevant knowledge (peers, parents, mass media), therefore, youth had many misconceptions in this sphere (about the harmfulness of modern contraception, reliability of coitus interruptus method, lack of risk for sexually transmitted diseases transmission). The social adolescent sexual and reproductive health programme doesn't exist in Serbia. Parents of adolescent females were passive, and school and health care workers are not engaged in these matters enough. The possibility for social intervention programme exists, because young people were willing to improve their knowledge about sexuality and reproduction (83,3%) mostly by sex education in schools (51,0%) and through mass media (33,3%). The most appreciated sources of relevant knowledge would be physicians (67,0%), from whom they expect to have time and patience for them and their problems (91,3%).
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Wankhade, Mr Atharva S. „Research Paper on: Doctor Appointment Booking System“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, Nr. 5 (31.05.2023): 2427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52133.
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Abstract: A mobile application called "Health Care Application" is designed to make it easier for people to get medical help by giving them quick, accurate responses. Users of the health care application include doctors, patients, and vendors of medications, pharmaceuticals, and medical supplies. The 'Health Care Application' concept will provide users access to all the amenities whenever and wherever they choose, given the significant increase in the use of smartphones. In today's current, technologically advanced world, it is crucial to find a quick, digital solution to any issue, therefore any emergency needs must be met in an approachable manner. This programme has a symptom analyzer that analyses the symptoms entered by the patient and suggests medications or medical professionals based on those symptoms.Given howdifficult it is to remember everything in the modern world, the medication reminder helps users remember their medication dosages without forgetting any. Multiple types of accounts help to maintain data security by limiting user access to only that data for which they are authorised, so data integrity is highly valued. Additionally, this application has a chat room where users can consult doctors, avoid waiting in line at the clinic, pay with their wallets, and, if they choose, take advantage of health insurance services. The patient's health status can be live-monitored by the doctor, who can also review past medical records.
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Booth, Frank W., Scott E. Gordon, Christian J. Carlson und Marc T. Hamilton. „Waging war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise biology“. Journal of Applied Physiology 88, Nr. 2 (01.02.2000): 774–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.774.
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In this review, we develop a blueprint for exercise biology research in the new millennium. The first part of our plan provides statistics to support the contention that there has been an epidemic emergence of modern chronic diseases in the latter part of the 20th century. The health care costs of these conditions were almost two-thirds of a trillion dollars and affected 90 million Americans in 1990. We estimate that these costs are now approaching $1 trillion and stand to further dramatically increase as the baby boom generation ages. We discuss the reaction of the biomedical establishment to this epidemic, which has primarily been to apply modern technologies to stabilize overt clinical problems (e.g., secondary and tertiary prevention). Because this approach has been largely unsuccessful in reversing the epidemic, we argue that more emphasis must be placed on novel approaches such as primary prevention, which requires attacking the environmental roots of these conditions. In this respect, a strong association exists between the increase in physical inactivity and the emergence of modern chronic diseases in 20th century industrialized societies. Approximately 250,000 deaths per year in the United States are premature due to physical inactivity. Epidemiological data have established that physical inactivity increases the incidence of at least 17 unhealthy conditions, almost all of which are chronic diseases or considered risk factors for chronic diseases. Therefore, as part of this review, we present the concept that the human genome evolved within an environment of high physical activity. Accordingly, we propose that exercise biologists do not study “the effect of physical activity” but in reality study the effect of reintroducing exercise into an unhealthy sedentary population that is genetically programmed to expect physical activity. On the basis of healthy gene function, exercise research should thus be viewed from a nontraditional perspective in that the “control” group should actually be taken from a physically active population and not from a sedentary population with its predisposition to modern chronic diseases. We provide exciting examples of exercise biology research that is elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which physical inactivity may predispose individuals to chronic disease conditions, such as mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance and decreased skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. Some findings have been surprising and remarkable in that novel signaling mechanisms have been discovered that vary with the type and level of physical activity/inactivity at multiple levels of gene expression. Because this area of research is underfunded despite its high impact, the final part of our blueprint for the next millennium calls for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to establish a major initiative devoted to the study of the biology of the primary prevention of modern chronic diseases. We justify this in several ways, including the following estimate: if the percentage of all US morbidity and mortality statistics attributed to the combination of physical inactivity and inappropriate diet were applied as a percentage of the NIH's total operating budget, the resulting funds would equal the budgets of two full institutes at the NIH! Furthermore, the fiscal support of studies elucidating the scientific foundation(s) targeted by primary prevention strategies in other public health efforts has resulted in an increased efficacy of the overall prevention effort. We estimate that physical inactivity impacts 80–90% of the 24 integrated review group (IRG) topics proposed by the NIH's Panel on Scientific Boundaries for Review, which is currently directing a major restructuring of the NIH's scientific funding system. Unfortunately, the primary prevention of chronic disease and the investigation of physical activity/inactivity and/or exercise are not mentioned in the almost 200 total subtopics comprising the IRGs in the Panel's proposal. We believe this to be a glaring omission by the Panel and contend that the current reorganization of NIH's scientific review and funding system is a golden opportunity to invest in fields that study the biological mechanisms of primary prevention of chronic diseases (such as exercise biology). This would be an investment to avoid US health care system bankruptcy as well as to reduce the extreme human suffering caused by chronic diseases. In short, it would be an investment in the future of health care in the new millennium.
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Travar, Marica, und Smilja Bozalo. „Relationship between preschool institution and social environment from the perspective of preschool staffs“. Research in Pedagogy 11, Nr. 2 (2021): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/istrped2102395t.
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One of the most important social activities and responsibilities is to provide children from an early age with opportunities for high-quality education. One of the most important issues in the functioning of the preschool institution is the issue of openness to the social environment and establishing partnerships with it. The preschool institution and the programmes that are used in it have an effect on the development of children only when, together with the programme, parents and the entire social environment are engaged. The aim of the research conducted on a suitable sample of 41 respondents employed in preschool institutions was to examine their attitudes about the connection of preschool institutions with the social environment consisting of various institutions and organisations. For the purposes of the research, a descriptive method were used. Our initial expectation about the existence of statistically significant differences in the respondents' attitudes of the implementation of cooperation with institutions / organisations from the social environment, as well as the implementation of activities in the field of cooperation with the family, considering some characteristics of the respondents proved correct. The obtained results show that the respondents in kindergartens observe high degree of cooperation with cultural institutions, but also there is the lack of necessary cooperation with institutions in the field of health care. Also, the respondents considered that traditional forms of cooperation with the family are the most common in preschool institutions while modern forms of cooperation are present to a lesser extent. In the future, it is necessary to more intensively connect preschool institutions with the social environment, because in this way children are given the opportunity to expand and enrich their experiences in a direct encounter with the world around them.
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Gao, Xiaohong. „The Anatomy of Teleneurosurgery in China“. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/353405.
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With its huge population and vast territory, China faces a great challenge in providing modern advanced health care services to all parts of the country. The advances of information communication technologies (ICTs) and the advent of internet have revolutionised the means in the delivery of healthcare via telemedicine to remote and underserved populations, which to a certain extent has been very well exploited in China, especially where 70% peasants residing in the rural areas. This paper reviews the latest development in telemedicine infrastructure in China with the focus on the development of teleneurosurgery, drawing from the results gained from a 3-year networking project between Europe and China on telemedicine (TIME, 2005–2007) funded by European Commission under Asia ICT programme, with an aim to shape up envisages of future medical care in China. Comparison with its counterparts in Europe is also addressed.
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Kristeva, Julia, Marie Rose Moro, John Ødemark und Eivind Engebretsen. „Cultural crossings of care: An appeal to the medical humanities“. Medical Humanities 44, Nr. 1 (21.09.2017): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2017-011263.
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Modern medicine is confronted with cultural crossings in various forms. In facing these challenges, it is not enough to simply increase our insight into the cultural dimensions of health and well-being. We must, more radically, question the conventional distinction between the ‘objectivity of science’ and the ‘subjectivity of culture’. This obligation creates an urgent call for the medical humanities but also for a fundamental rethinking of their grounding assumptions.Julia Kristeva (JK) has problematised the biomedical concept of health through her reading of the anthropogony of Cura (Care), who according to the Roman myth created man out of a piece of clay. JK uses this fable as an allegory for the cultural distinction between health construed as a ‘definitive state’, which belongs to biological life (bios), and healing as a durative ‘process with twists and turns in time’ that characterises human living (zoe). A consequence of this demarcation is that biomedicine is in constant need of ‘repairing’ and bridging the gap between bios and zoe, nature and culture. Even in radical versions, the medical humanities are mostly reduced to such an instrument of repairment, seeing them as what we refer to as a soft, ‘subjective’ and cultural supplement to a stable body of ‘objective’, biomedical and scientific knowledge. In this article, we present a prolegomenon to a more radical programme for the medical humanities, which calls the conventional distinctions between the humanities and the natural sciences into question, acknowledges the pathological and healing powers of culture, and sees the body as a complex biocultural fact. A key element in such a project is the rethinking of the concept of ‘evidence’ in healthcare.