Thematische Bibliographien / Modern catalysis

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Modern catalysis“

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Veröffentlicht am 20. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Modern catalysis"

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Zhao, Xiaodan, und Lihao Liao. „Modern Organoselenium Catalysis: Opportunities and Challenges“. Synlett 32, Nr. 13 (11.05.2021): 1262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1506-5532.

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AbstractOrganoselenium catalysis has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This Cluster highlights recent key advances in this area regarding the functionalization of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes by electrophilic selenium catalysis, selenonium salt catalysis, selenium-based chalcogen-bonding catalysis, and Lewis basic selenium catalysis. These achievements might inspire and help future research.1 Introduction2 Electrophilic Selenium Catalysis3 Selenonium Salt Catalysis4 Selenium-Based Chalcogen-Bond Catalysis5 Lewis Basic Selenide Catalysis6 Conclusion
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Hooper, Reviewed by Mark. „Modern Palladium Catalysis“. Platinum Metals Review 49, Nr. 2 (01.04.2005): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106705x46487.

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Wilkins, Lewis C., und Rebecca L. Melen. „Enantioselective Main Group Catalysis: Modern Catalysts for Organic Transformations“. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 324 (Oktober 2016): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2016.07.011.

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Strekalova, Anna A., Anastasiya A. Shesterkina und Leonid M. Kustov. „Recent progress in hydrogenation of esters on heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts“. Catalysis Science & Technology 11, Nr. 22 (2021): 7229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy01603b.

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The development and research of highly effective heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of esters, providing high activity and selectivity of the formation of the corresponding alcohols, is an urgent task of modern heterogeneous catalysis.
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Sambiagio, Carlo, Stephen P. Marsden, A. John Blacker und Patrick C. McGowan. „Copper catalysed Ullmann type chemistry: from mechanistic aspects to modern development“. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, Nr. 10 (2014): 3525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60289c.

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Copper-catalysed arylations represent valid and complementary alternatives to Pd catalysis. This review discusses the different mechanisms suggested for these reactions, and summarises some of their latest applications in synthesis.
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Trunschke, Annette, Giulia Bellini, Maxime Boniface, Spencer J. Carey, Jinhu Dong, Ezgi Erdem, Lucas Foppa et al. „Towards Experimental Handbooks in Catalysis“. Topics in Catalysis 63, Nr. 19-20 (06.10.2020): 1683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01380-2.

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AbstractThe “Seven Pillars” of oxidation catalysis proposed by Robert K. Grasselli represent an early example of phenomenological descriptors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Major advances in the theoretical description of catalytic reactions have been achieved in recent years and new catalysts are predicted today by using computational methods. To tackle the immense complexity of high-performance systems in reactions where selectivity is a major issue, analysis of scientific data by artificial intelligence and data science provides new opportunities for achieving improved understanding. Modern data analytics require data of highest quality and sufficient diversity. Existing data, however, frequently do not comply with these constraints. Therefore, new concepts of data generation and management are needed. Herein we present a basic approach in defining best practice procedures of measuring consistent data sets in heterogeneous catalysis using “handbooks”. Selective oxidation of short-chain alkanes over mixed metal oxide catalysts was selected as an example.
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Nachtsheim, Boris, und Peter Finkbeiner. „Iodine in Modern Oxidation Catalysis“. Synthesis 45, Nr. 08 (21.03.2013): 979–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1318330.

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Lapina, Olga B. „Modern ssNMR for heterogeneous catalysis“. Catalysis Today 285 (Mai 2017): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2016.11.005.

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Kunz, Doris. „Modern Metallocene Chemistry and Catalysis“. Nachrichten aus der Chemie 52, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2004): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20040521032.

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Muldoon, Mark J. „Modern multiphase catalysis: new developments in the separation of homogeneous catalysts“. Dalton Trans. 39, Nr. 2 (2010): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b916861n.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Modern catalysis"

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Werner, Emilie. „Catalysis at the origin of life and catalysis today, a 3.8-billion-year jump“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2024/Werner_Emilie_2024_ED222.pdf.

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La catalyse, permettant une réactivité sélective et accrue, est exploitée aussi bien en chimie de synthèse qu’en biologie. Cette thèse l’abordera à deux temporalités différentes. Dans un premier temps, les processus chimiques aux origines de la vie seront étudiés au travers de deux types de catalyse non enzymatique : la catalyse par les métaux rares et la cocatalyse métal/coenzyme. Cette dernière serait un produit de l’évolution pour s’affranchir d’environnements rares et permettre à la chimie prébiotique de se propager vers des milieux communs. Dans un deuxième temps, la catalyse métallique moderne sera discutée. Une nouvelle variante azotée du réarrangement de Piancatelli sera décrite avec des nucléophiles sulfoximines, permettant d’accéder directement et avec de bons rendements à des 4-sulfoximinocyclopenténones inédites, structures prometteuses pour des applications en chimie médicinale
Catalysis enables selective and enhanced reactivity and is harnessed in both synthetic chemistry and biology. This thesis will discuss this concept at two different time points. Firstly, the chemical processes at the origins of life will be studied through two types of non-enzymatic catalysis: rare metal catalysis and metal/coenzyme cocatalysis. The latter is thought to be a product of evolution to become independent from rare environments and enable prebiotic chemistry to spread to more common media. Secondly, modern metal catalysis will be examined. A new aza-variant of the Piancatelli rearrangement will be described with sulfoximine nucleophiles, giving direct access to unprecedented 4-sulfoximinocyclopentenone scaffolds in good yields. These structures hold promises for applications in drug discovery
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Falletta, E. „¿RE-DISCOVERING¿ AN OLD MATERIAL, POLYANILINE, FOR MODERN APPLICATIONS“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/229552.

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The chemical industry of the forthcoming years will be shaped by a number of emerging global megatrends strictly related to the growth and aging of the world population (nine billion people in 2050). This will result in demand of innovative materials able to solve new needs in different fields: health, communication, energy, environmental sustainability, etc. In this diversified context, conducting organic polymers (COPs) are expected to play an important role thanks to their polyhedric properties. Among them, polyaniline is one of the more investigated COPs owing to its peculiar properties which make it a potential substitute of conventional materials in different fields (electronics, fenestration, textile industry, sensors and many others). However, to date many aspects related to its synthesis and application are still open. Scope of the present work is to provide alternative eco-friendly methods to the traditional synthetic routes towards PANI-based materials and enlarge their present applications in view of the novel requirements. This study has been organized in three main sections. In the first section a new green protocol will be present to prepare PANI/metal oxides nanocomposites, innovative materials in the field of EMI shielding. For the first time the double role of magnetic nanoparticles, as catalysts of the reaction and magnetic fillers of the final products, will be illustrated. Conducting/magnetic materials are particularly tempting for their ability to reduce the electromagnetic interferences (EMI) originated by the increasing use of electronic devices and telecommunication equipment. Preliminary results in terms of their microwave absorbing properties will be shown. The possibility to improve the health and quality of life for millions of people worldwide is, in fact, the overall goal of tissue engineering. Nanostructured PANI in form of fibers or wires could find application as novel conductive scaffolds in neuronal or cardiac stimulations. In the second section, the possibility to produce highly pure polyaniline nanofibers by electrospinning technique will be showed. These materials, characterized by high values of conductivity and cytocompatibility, could represent an alternative to traditional solutions for cardiac and neuronal stimulation. Regarding the third section of the work, the amazing piezoresistive properties of PANI, especially in form of film, will be for the first time herein presented. Herein, the extraordinary high GF values of PANI-based films (more than 10 times higher than those of commercial piezoresistors) will be reported. The mechanical monitoring in large and small scale (buildings/touch-technology) needs of highly sensitive stress/strains sensors and PANI-based materials are particularly promising in this sector. All these characteristics contribute to make PANI and its composites innovative materials which could offer new solutions for many challenges of the future.
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Sharma, Giriraj. „Modeling of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide with ammonia using four modern catalysts“. Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2785.

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In this work, the steady-state performance of zeolite-based Cu-ZSM-5, vanadium based honeycomb monolith catalysts (V), vanadium-titanium based pillared inter layered clay catalyst (V-Ti PLIC) and vanadium-titanium-tungsten-based honeycomb monolith catalysts (V-Ti-W) was investigated in the selective catalytic reduction process (SCR) for NO removal using NH3 in presence of oxygen. The objective is to obtain the expression that would predict the conversion performance of the catalysts for different values of the SCR process parameters, namely temperature, inlet oxygen concentration and inlet ammonia concentration. The NOx emission, its formation and control methods are discussed briefly and then the fundamentals of the SCR process are described. Heat transfer based and chemical kinetics based SCR process models are discussed and widely used rate order based model are reviewed. Based on the experimental data, regression analysis was performed that gives an expression for predicting the SCR rate for the complete temperature range and the rate order with respect to inlet oxygen and ammonia concentration. The average activation energy for the SCR process was calculated and optimum operating conditions were determined for each of the catalyst. The applicable operating range for the catalyst depends on the NO conversion as well as on the ammonia slip and the N2O and NO2 emission. The regression analysis was repeated for the applicable range and an expression was obtained that can be used to estimate the catalyst performance. For the Cu-ZSM-5, the best performance was observed for 400oC, 660 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 0.1% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V based honeycomb monolith catalyst, the best performance was observed for 300oC, 264 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V-Ti based PLIC catalyst, the best performance was observed for 350oC, 330 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V-Ti-W based honeycomb monolith catalyst, the best performance was observed for 300oC, 330 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. The conversion performance of all of these catalysts is satisfactory for the industrial application. At the operating conditions listed above, the N2O emission is less than 20 ppm and the NO2 emission is less than 10 ppm. The results were validated by comparing the findings with the similar work by other research groups. The mechanism of SCR process is discussed for each of the catalyst. The probable reactions are listed and adsorption and desorption process are studied. The various mechanisms proposed by the researchers are discussed briefly. It is concluded that V-Ti-W and Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst are very promising for SCR of NOx. The expressions can be used to estimate the conversion performance and can be utilized for optimal design and operation. The expressions relate the SCR rate to the input parameters such as temperature and inlet oxygen and ammonia concentration hence by controlling these parameters desired NOx reduction can be achieved with minimal cost and emission.
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Filippov, Igor 1971. „Metal-mediated hydrodenitrogenation catalysis: Designing new models“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282749.

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Reduction of Ta(DIPP)₂Cl·OEt₂(DIPP= 2,6-OC₆H₃ⁱPr₂) with 2 equiv. of NaHg in the presence of 3,5-lutidine results in cyclometalation of DIPP to give TaCl(DIPP)-(OC₆H₃ⁱPr-η²(C,C)-CMe =CH₂)(3,5-lutidine)₂ (10) in moderate yield. Metallacycle 10 was also isolated from the reaction of (η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ta(DIPP)₂Cl with 3,5-lutidine. Examination of both crude reaction mixtures by ¹H NMR revealed 10 to be the major product without any indication of the formation of η²-lutidine species. These observations suggest that η²(N,C)-coordination of 3,5-lutidine is kinetically incompetitive with respect to the cyclometalation of DIPP by d² tantalum. Such undesired reactivity of DIPP can be potentially inhibited by the use of linked aryloxide ligands to prevent close approach of metalatable C-H bonds of DIPP to the metal center. An efficient route to a family of silane-linked aryloxides was developed. Tris(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)methylsilane (H₃TIPSI, 59), bis(2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-phenyl)diphenylsilane (H₂BIPSI, 61), and bis(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)dimethyl-silane (H₂BIPSI, 60) were obtained via deprotection of the parent silane-linked anisoles. The anisoles were prepared in high yields by treating 2-methoxy-3-isopropyl-phenyllithium·0.5TMEDA (27·0.5TMEDA) with an appropriate amount of chloroalkylsilanes. The deprotection was carried out employing BBr₃ in CH₂Cl₂ followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate boron ethers in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base to avoid protiodesilylation. Additionally, a significantly improved synthesis of 1,2-bis(3-isopropyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (H₂BIPP, 40) employing 27·0.5TMEDA as a starting reagent is reported. 2-Methoxyphenyllithium 27·0.5TMEDA was prepared via catalytic ortho-directed metalation of 2-isopropylanisole, and the mechanistic aspects of such metalations are presented. Trinuclear complex (AlBr₂)₃TIPSI (55) was isolated from the reaction of Me₃TISPI with 3 equiv. of AlBr₃ in benzene at 60°C. Preliminary reactivity studies show that Me₃TIPSI (49) and Me₂BIPSI (51) can be reacted with TaBr₅ under similar conditions to give Br₃Ta(MeTIPSI)(THF)₂ (62) and Br₃Ta(BIPP)OEt₂ (63), respectively, after appropriate reaction work ups.
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Huang, Jin-Mo. „Model Development for the Catalytic Calcination of Calcium Carbonate“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331193/.

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Lime is one of the largest manufactured chemicals in the United States. The conversion of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide is an endothermic reaction and requires approximately two to four times the theoretical quantity of energy predicted from thermodynamic analysis. With the skyrocketing costs of fossil fuels, how to decrease the energy consumption in the calcination process has become a very important problem in the lime industry. In the present study, many chemicals including lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride have been proved to be the catalysts to enhance the calcination rate of calcium carbonate. By mixing these chemicals with pure calcium carbonate, these additives can increase the calcination rate of calcium carbonate at constant temperatures; also, they can complete the calcination of calcium carbonate at relatively low temperatures. As a result, the energy required for the calcination of calcium carbonate can be decreased. The present study has aimed at developing a physical model, which is called the extended shell model, to explain the results of the catalytic calcination. In this model, heat transfer and mass transfer are two main factors used to predict the calcination rate of calcium carbonate. By using the extended shell model, not only the catalytic calcination but also the inhibitive calcination of calcium carbonate have been explained.
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Pagani, Adriana Siviero. „Estudo cinetico do craqueamento catalitico de moleculas modelo de hidrocarbonetos em catalisadores de FCC“. [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267085.

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Orientadores: Jose Roberto Nunhez, Gustavo Paim Valença
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pagani_AdrianaSiviero_D.pdf: 5130407 bytes, checksum: b53a0b1f8d58411a68c3cb683c12eba0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O 1-octeno, 2,2,4-trimetil-pentano e n-octano foram utilizados como moléculas modelo para o estudo experimental e de modelagem do craqueamento catalítico na superfície de dois catalisadores comerciais (PETROBRAS), compostos por zeólita USY e matriz (SiO2-Al2O3) com impregnação de terras raras (CTR) e sem a impregnação de terras raras (STR), ambos desativados pelo método vapor. Os testes de craqueamento catalítico foram realizados em fase gasosa em reator tubular de leito fixo, construído em quartzo, na faixa de temperatura de 325 a 685 K para o 1-octeno, 725 a 950 K para o 2,2,4-trimetil-pentano e 815 a 975 K para o n-octano à pressão atmosférica. O catalisador STR apresentou valores de taxa de giro (s-1) maiores que os encontrados para o CTR. As energias de ativação aparente apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente: n-octano (STR: 180 kJ mol-1 e CTR: 192 kJ mol-1) > 2,2,4-trimetil-pentano (STR: 121 kJ mol-1 / CTR: 127 kJ mol-1) > 1-octeno (STR: 18 kJ mol-1 / CTR: 23 kJ mol-1). Os mecanismos de reações foram determinados para as três moléculas modelo através dos produtos de reação determinados experimentalmente e considerando as famílias de reações de iniciação, isomerização, transferência de hidrogênio, adsorção/dessorção e cisão-ß/oligomerização. A modelagem do craqueamento catalítico foi desenvolvida segundo a teoria da colisão, a teoria do estado de transição e as propriedades termodinâmicas das espécies envolvidas nos mecanismos. As taxas de giro da modelagem cinética apresentaram uma diferença com as taxas de giro experimentais de aproximadamente 20%.
Abstract: The 1-octene, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and n-octane were used as model molecules in an experimental and modeling study for the catalytic cracking on the surface of commercial catalysts (PETROBRAS) that are composed of USY zeolite and matrix with rare earth impregnation (CTR) and without rare earth impregnation (STR), both deactivated by steam method. The experimental tests were carried out in the gas phase, in a fixed bed tubular reactor made of quartz in the temperature range of 325 to 685 K for the 1-octene, 725 to 950 K for the 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and 815 to 975 K for the n-octane at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst STR showed higher values of turnover rate (s-1) than the catalyst CTR. The apparent activation energies showed the following decreasing order: n-octane (STR: 180 kJ mol-1 and CTR: 192 kJ mol-1) > 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (STR: 121 kJ mol-1 / CTR: 127 kJ mol-1) > 1-octene (STR: 18 kJ mol-1 / CTR: 23 kJ mol-1). The reactions mechanisms were determined for the three model molecules with the reaction products obtained experimentally and considering the families of reactions of initiation, isomerization, hydride transfer, adsorption/desorption and ß-scission/oligomerization. The modeling of the catalytic cracking was developed according to the collision theory, the transition state theory and the thermodynamics properties of the adsorbed species involved in the mechanisms. The model turnover rates showed a difference between the experimental turnover rates near 20 %.
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Harle, Gavin John. „Polyoxometalate models for Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519568.

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Hayward, J. J. „Studies in modern organic chemistry : catalytic, technological and structural“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603905.

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This thesis describes work done within the Ley group on a variety of projects, with a particular focus upon modern methods of synthesis. Chapter 1 initially describes work directed towards examining the use of the proline tetrazole catalyst 1.16 as a catalyst for aminations of carbonyl compounds. A novel ionic liquid-based system was developed to investigate this reaction as an oscillatory flow process. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the three enabling technologies that are of principal interest to the Ley group in general and this thesis in particular – microwave chemistry, polymer-supported reagents and flow chemistry (Fig 8888A). Chapter 3 describes the total synthesis of Siphonazole B. Our approach to this molecule was designed to make use of the enabling technologies described above, but also to evaluate them – particularly flow-based methods. With this in mind a left-hand fragment synthesis is devised and executed in the flow domain, and several approaches to the left-hand fragment investigated, culminating in the completed total synthesis. Siphonazole B is a bis­-oxazole natural product, a class of molecules that has been of interest to our group for some time. Oxazoles and other aromatic heterocycles are ubiquitous within organic chemistry, whether one considers natural products (such as the siphonazoles) or pharmaceuticals (Fig 8888B). Chapter 4 chronicles our studies towards a new synthesis of thiazolothiophenes. During the course of these studies we describe a new class of conjugated betaines (shown above) which appear to exhibit an unusual S …. S interaction in the solid state, which we have investigated crystallographically and computationally.
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Ndi, Cornelius Ndi. „Synthesis of Chemical Models of Hydrolase Enzymes for Intramolecular Catalysis“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1356.

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Most nuclease enzymes can hydrolyze phosphoester bonds (in DNA and RNA) by using metal ions cofactors that coordinate and activate water molecules in the enzymes' active sites. However, there are some hydrolase enzymes (including nucleases) that can function without the aid of metal ions. 2,6-Di(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol, a model compound for hydrolase enzyme, was synthesized by the reaction between ethylenediamine and dimethyl-3-carboxysalicylate, initially resulting in the formation of diimidazoline. The diimidazoline was subsequently aromatized to the diimidazole by dehydrogenation over palladium. The overall reaction yield was low; therefore, other dehydrogenation transformation reactions were tried but all failed to improve the yield. Converting this diimidazolphenol into diimidazolphenyl monophoshpate derivative was attempted but failed to give desired products. Synthesis of 2,2'-anthracene-1,8-diylbis-1H-imidazole, another model compound for hydrolase enzymes, was attempted using dimethyl-1,8-anthracenedicarboxylate, but synthesis was unsuccessful due to solubility problem.
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Isenogle, Melanie R. „Anna Atkins: Catalyst of Modern Photography Through The First Photobook“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522796885194359.

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Bücher zum Thema "Modern catalysis"

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R, Moser William, Hrsg. Advanced catalysts and nanostructured materials: Modern synthetic methods. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.

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van Santen, Rutger A., Hrsg. Modern Heterogeneous Catalysis. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527810253.

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Chorkendorff, I. Concepts of modern catalysis and kinetics. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2004.

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Chorkendorff, I. Concepts of modern catalysis and kinetics. Weinheim [Germany]: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Chorkendorff, I. Concepts of modern catalysis and kinetics. 2. Aufl. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2007.

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Mizuno, Noritaka. Modern heterogeneous oxidation catalysis: Design, reactions and characterization. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Fessner, W. D. Modern biocatalysis: Stereoselective and environmentally friendly reactions. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Doyle, Michael P. Modern catalytic methods for organic synthesis with diazo compounds: From cyclopropanes to ylides. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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Leszczyński, Jerzy. Multi-scale Quantum Models for Biocatalysis: Modern Techniques and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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1942-, Occelli Mario L., American Chemical Society. Division of Petroleum Chemistry. und American Chemical Society Meeting, Hrsg. Fluid catalytic cracking: Role in modern refining. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Modern catalysis"

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Osawa, Tsutomu. „Heterogeneous Catalysis“. In Modern Organonickel Chemistry, 273–305. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527604847.ch10.

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Tributsch, H. „Photoelectrolysis and Photoelectrochemical Catalysis“. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 303–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2133-0_4.

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Kasey, Christian, und Gavin J. Williams. „Chapter 8. Customizing Transcription-factor Biosensors for Modern Biotechnology“. In Catalysis Series, 203–33. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010450-00203.

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Sinou, Denis. „Metal Catalysis in Water“. In Modern Solvents in Organic Synthesis, 41–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48664-x_2.

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Park, Joo-Il, Isao Mochida, Abdulazeem M. J. Marafi und Adel Al-Mutairi. „Modern Approaches to Hydrotreating Catalysis“. In Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology, 675–712. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_21.

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Dagorne, Samuel, und Christophe Fliedel. „Organoaluminum Species in Homogeneous Polymerization Catalysis“. In Modern Organoaluminum Reagents, 125–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3418_2012_35.

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Noyori, R., und M. Kitamura. „Enantioselective Catalysis with Metal Complexes. An Overview“. In Modern Synthetic Methods, 115–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83758-6_2.

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Rusling, James F. „Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Catalysis in Microemulsions“. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 49–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1733-1_2.

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Thomas, John M., und Thomas Maschmeyer. „The Changing Face of Modern Catalysis“. In New Trends in Materials Chemistry, 363–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5570-0_13.

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Pfaltz, Andreas. „Enantioselective Catalysis with Chiral Cobalt and Copper Complexes“. In Modern Synthetic Methods, 199–248. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83758-6_3.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Modern catalysis"

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Li, Mingtian, Hong Wang, Lanying Yu und RuiSong Yang. „Solid-state synthesis and catalysis property of copper phthalocyanine“. In International Conference on Modern Engineering Soultions for the Industry. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mesi141252.

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Chu, Ranran, Hui Wang, Xinxin Wang, Li Han und Weijuan Gong. „Research on Teaching Reform of Industrial Catalysis Course Based on Ability Training“. In 2020 5th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology (MMET 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201023.079.

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Нурмахаматов, Герман Владимирович, und Владислав Сергеевич Хрипко. „IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE REFINING PROCESS BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE ISOMERIZATION PROCESS“. In Наука, общество, производство и промышленность: актуальные проблемы и перспективы: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Омск, Апрель 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230407.2023.66.59.002.

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Повышение энергоэффективности процесса нефтепереработки является одним из важных процессов, используемых современными нефтеперерабатывающими заводами для катализа твердых кислот из-за ограниченного содержания бензола, ароматических соединений и олефинов в бензине. Целью данной статьи является изучение влияния различных катализаторов на изомеризацию светлых нефтепродуктов. Improving the energy efficiency of the refining process is one of the important processes used by modern refineries for the catalysis of solid acids due to the limited content of benzene, aromatic compounds and olefins in gasoline. The purpose of this article is to study the effect of various catalysts on the isomerization of light petroleum products.
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Jayasuriya, Jeevan, Arturo Manrique, Reza Fakhrai, Jan Fredriksson und Torsten Fransson. „Experimental Investigations of Catalytic Combustion for High-Pressure Gas Turbine Applications“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90986.

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Catalytic combustion has proven to be a suitable alternative to conventional flame combustion in gas turbines for achieving Ultra-Low Emission levels (ULE). In the process of catalytic combustion, it is possible to achieve a stable combustion of lean fuel/air mixtures which results in reduced combustion temperature in the combustor. The ultimate result is that almost no thermal-NOx is formed and the emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are reduced to single-digit limits. Successful development of catalytic combustion technology would lead to reducing pollutant emissions in gas turbines to ultra-low levels at lower operating costs. Since the catalytic combustion prevents the pollutant formations in the combustion there is no need for costly emission cleaning systems. High-quality experimental data of combustion catalyst operations at gas turbine working conditions and validated numerical models are essential tools for the design and development of catalytic gas turbine combustors. The prime objective of the work presented in this paper was to obtain catalytic operational data under said conditions. Experimental investigations were carried out to determine the operational data on different types of combustion catalysts against different fuel types at gas turbine operational conditions. A pilot-scale 100 k W high-pressure combustion test facility was used for the experimental investigations of catalytic combustion under real gas turbine conditions. Combustor pressure can be maintained at any desired level between 1 to 35 bars. The maximum combustion air supply is 100 g/s, which can be electrically preheated up to 600°C and humidified up to 30% of weight as required by test conditions. Catalysts used in the test facility are highly active noble metal catalysts for ignition purposes and thermally stable metal oxide catalysts for continuing reactions. Tests are conducted as the testing of single catalyst segments or combinations of several segments. The measurements taken are flow rates (air/fuel ratio) temperatures (inlet, surface and the outlet of each catalyst segment), pressure (combustor) and emissions of NOx, CO and UHC. This paper presents the design of the high-pressure catalytic combustion test facility and an experimental comparison of methane combustion over Pd on alumina and Pd/Pt (bi-metal) on alumina catalysts at varying pressure levels up to 20 bars. The catalysts concerned were cylindrical shaped (35 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height) honeycomb type fully coated catalysts. The results showed that the Pt/Pd on alumina catalysts is better in low temperature ignition and combustion stability over the Pd on alumina catalysts. Emission measurements showed that the fuel conversion over the tested Pt/Pd on alumina catalyst was around 10% while fuel conversion over a similar Pd on alumina catalyst (geometry and capacity) was only 4%. Fuel conversion rates showed the tendency to be further reduced (over the same catalysts) against increasing pressure.
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Berahim, Nor Hafizah, und Akbar Abu Seman. „CO2 Utilization: Converting Waste into Valuable Products“. In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210729-ms.

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Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in >84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of >11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.
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Zhang, Bo, Pengfei He und Chao Zhu. „Modeling on Hydrodynamic Coupled FCC Reaction in Gas-Solid Riser Reactor“. In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21368.

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The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor consists of a bottom section of liquid feed injection and vaporization and an upward straight riser of vapor-catalysts transport and reaction. The product yield, obtained at the top of riser, is an accumulative result of liquid feed injection, vaporization by liquid contacting with hot catalysts, and subsequent catalytic cracking of feed vapor while being transported concurrently with catalysts through the riser. The FCC process involves not only these sequential sub-processes but also complicated coupling among multiphase fluid hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer between phases, and catalytic kinetic reactions of vapor components in each sub-process. It is essential to build up a model covering all sub-processes/mechanisms mentioned above through riser reactor and giving prompt results, especially for real-time online optimization of industrial operation. This paper aims to develop a parametric model, integrated from bottom feed nozzle to top exit of riser, that can quickly predict both hydrodynamic and kinetic characteristics throughout the riser as well as various parametric effects on production yield and selectivity. Highlights of modeling contributions in this integrated model include a mechanistic and spatial-structural model of multiple-nozzle feeding with strong interactions not only among sprays themselves but also with cross-flowing steam and catalysts, a heat transfer model between gaseous and catalyst phases, and a more-rigorously derived model of reactant conservation in the multiphase flow transport. The convective nature dominating the nozzle feeding, riser transport and kinetic reactions allows us to simplify the governing equations in this integrated model to a set of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations whose solutions can be obtained quickly via Runge-Kutta algorithm. Compared to the published plant data, the predicted VGO conversion and gasoline yield from the proposed model shows a much better agreement to those from previous parametric models, which suggests the newly-added sub-models of previously overlooked mechanisms can be quite important. Some parametric effects, such as the effect of catalyst-to-oil ratio and catalyst inlet temperature, on production yield and selectivity are further predicted. The results show that a higher CTO or catalyst temperature normally leads to higher cracking conversion, higher gasoline production and lower coke content. However, a very high inlet temperature of catalysts does cause over-cracking and lower the gasoline selectivity.
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Zhu, Huayang, und Greg S. Jackson. „Transient Modeling for Assessing Catalytic Combustor Performance in Small Gas Turbine Applications“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0520.

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The development of lean-premixed catalytic reactors for ultra-low emissions combustors in gas turbines presents many design and operability challenges that are not addressed with conventional steady-state reactor models with one-step chemistry mechanisms. These challenges include transient light-off from low temperatures, catalyst deactivation, and hysteresis in catalytic activity. To address these issues, a transient 1-D reactor model with a validated multi-step surface chemistry mechanism has been developed to explore such behavior in catalytic combustors. The surface chemistry sub-model has been incorporated for investigating lean catalytic combustion of CH4 on Pd-based catalysts. The current study investigated the effects of operating conditions — such as pressure, inlet temperature, and velocity — on catalytic reactor ignition and deactivation. The transient modeling provides curves for reactor light-off for a range of inlet pressures and velocities and reveals conditions wherein Pd-catalyst undergoes reduction/deactivation. Model results are compared with some experimental measurements and implications for catalytic combustor design and operation for gas turbine applications are discussed.
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Wilson, John Parley, und Dan DelVescovo. „Algorithm to Calibrate Catalytic Converter Simulation Light-Off Curve“. In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2630.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Spark ignition engines utilize catalytic converters to reform harmful exhaust gas emissions such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen into less harmful products. Aftertreatment devices require the use of expensive catalytic metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium. Meanwhile, tightening automotive emissions regulations globally necessitate the development of high-performance exhaust gas catalysts. So, automotive manufactures must balance maximizing catalyst performance while minimizing production costs. There are thousands of different recipes for catalytic converters, with each having a different effect on the various catalytic chemical reactions which impact the resultant tailpipe gas composition. In the development of catalytic converters, simulation models are often used to reduce the need for physical parts and testing, thus saving significant time and money. However, calibration of these models can be challenging and requires significant time and effort. Catalytic converter models require the specification of input conditions (i.e. temperature, flowrate, and species concentrations). Then they calculate the predicted exhaust gas composition by simulating the chemical reactions occurring within the catalyst. These simulations can then be calibrated and validated against experimental measurements. The chemical reaction rates in the model utilize an Arrhenius expression which includes two tunable variables, the pre-exponential factor (A), which is a measure of collision frequency, and the activation energy (E), which is a threshold to overcome for molecules to react. Calibration of these values often requires many iterations, checking the results and adjusting to eventually identify the best values. In this work, an optimization algorithm was developed to automatically tune these parameters to best simulate catalyst light-off data. This algorithm is presented. It has the potential to significantly reduce time in calibrating catalyst models.</div></div>
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Depcik, Christopher, Sudarshan Loya und Anand Srinivasan. „Adaptive Carbon Monoxide Kinetics for Exhaust Aftertreatment Modeling“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11173.

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Future emission standards are driving the need for advanced control of both Spark (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines. However, even with the implementation of cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Low Temperature Combustion (LTC), it is unlikely that in-cylinder combustion strategies alone will reduce emissions to levels below the proposed standards. As a result, researchers are developing complex catalytic aftertreatment systems to meet these tailpipe regulations for both conventional and alternative combustion regimes. Simulating these exhaust systems requires fast and accurate models suitable for significant changes in inlet conditions. Most aftertreatment devices contain Platinum Group Metals because of their widely documented beneficial catalysis properties; examples include Diesel Oxidation Catalysts, Three-Way Catalysts and Lean NOx Traps. There are kinetic mechanisms available for each of these devices, but often they do not extrapolate well to other formulations. For example, Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels entering a catalyst are significantly different between an SI and CI engine. In addition, modifying engine control to utilize LTC operation can result in an increase in CO levels due to lower combustion efficiency. This adversely affects the conversion capabilities of a catalytic device through increased levels of CO inhibition. Finally, catalyst loading and metal dispersion differences between devices often prohibit a direct extension of kinetic constants. As a result, mechanisms often need recalibration for correct modeling capabilities. In order to begin creating a more predictive kinetic mechanism, this paper simulates CO oxidation as a function of different inlet concentration levels and metal loadings. While aftertreatment devices contain many reactions, modeling of one fundamental reaction is a first step to determine the feasibility of adaptive kinetics. In addition, research into the history of the CO oxidation mechanism over platinum illustrates a more accurate rate expression to utilize in deference to current modeling activities. The authors calibrate this expression to experimental data taking into account significant changes in inlet conditions, metal loading and dispersion values. Model fidelity is determined through the simulation of additional data not part of the initial calibration efforts. In addition, the paper discusses strengths and weaknesses of the model along with how other researchers can help foster adaptive kinetic development.
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Bottomley, D. J., G. Lüpke und H. M. van Driel. „Second-harmonic probing of the Si(100) - SiO2 interface on flat and vicinal Si(100): interfacial structure and step binding sites“. In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tha8.

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Of the various surfaces of crystalline silicon, Si (100) is industrially the most important and the formation of a stable oxide on this surface has allowed it to be used as the dominant material in modern semiconductor technology. Recently there has been a great deal of interest in steps on vicinal Si (100) since they are seen to play a central role in various chemical and physical processes including epitaxial growth, catalysis and oxide formation [1,2]. The study of stepped surfaces of Si (100) to date has been carried out primarily by conventional surface science techniques such as those based on electron diffraction or scanning tunneling microscopy, which normally require ultra high vacuum (UHV). However, over the last few years it has clearly been demonstrated that surface second harmonic generation (SHG) can be sensitive to the surface-vacuum interface as well as buried interfaces and can be used ”in situ” in various types of environments [3]. Our group and others have also shown that SHG can also be senstive to the presence of steps on oxidized or bare solid surface [4].
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Modern catalysis"

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Boszormenyi, Istvan. Model heterogeneous acid catalysts and metal-support interactions: A combined surface science and catalysis study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115869.

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Boszormenyi, I. Model heterogeneous acid catalysts and metal-support interactions: A combined surface science and catalysis study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6827194.

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Chapman und Toema. PR-266-09211-R01 Physics-Based Characterization of Lambda Sensor from Natural Gas Fueled Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010022.

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The increasingly strict air emission regulations may require implementing Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR) systems as a promising emission control technology for stationary rich burn spark ignition engines. Many recent experimental investigations that used NSCR systems for stationary natural gas fueled engines showed that NSCR systems were unable to consistently control the exhaust emissions level below the compliance limits. Modeling of NSCR components to better understand, and then exploit, the underlying physical processes that occur in the lambda sensor and the catalyst media is now considered an essential step toward improving NSCR system performance. This report focuses on modeling the lambda sensor that provides feedback to the air-to-fuel ratio controller. Correct interpretation of the sensor output signal is necessary to achieve consistently low emissions level. The goal of this modeling study is to improve the understanding of the physical processes that occur within the sensor, investigate the cross-sensitivity of various exhaust gas species on the sensor performance, and finally this model serves as a tool to improve NSCR control strategies. This model simulates the output from a planar switch type lambda sensor. The model consists of three modules. The first module models the multi-component mass transport through the sensor protective layer. The second module includes all the surface catalytic reactions that take place on the sensor platinum electrodes. The third module is responsible for simulating the reactions that occur on the electrolyte material and determine the sensor output voltage.
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Henrich, V. Model catalyst studies of active sites and metal support interactions on vanadia and vanadia-supported catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5484103.

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Schneider, William. Towards Realistic Models of Heterogeneous Catalysis: Simulations of Oxidation Catalysis from First Principles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1835236.

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Anderson, Scott. Model catalysis by size-selected cluster deposition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226465.

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Gorte, R. G. Support effects studied on model supported catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5576394.

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Gorte, R. J. Support effects studied on model supported catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6854889.

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Marks, Tobin J., Madelyn M. Stalzer und Massimiliano Delferro. Supported Organometallic Complexes: Surface Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, and Homogeneous Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1325016.

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Madey, T. E. Structure and reactivity of model thin film catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7168433.

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