Dissertationen zum Thema „Modélisation atomique et moléculaire“
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Castanié, Fabien. „Approches numérique et théorique du microscope à force atomique : interaction, dynamique et imagerie“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1831/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and versatile tool capable of imaging with a sub-nanoscale resolution, samples as inorganic materials surface with or without adsorbed molecules, and operating in environments ranging from ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to solid/liquid interface. Among the different existing modes, the frequency-modulation mode of AFM (FM-AFM) provides remarkable results thanks to three control loops that influence self-consistently. In return, the understanding of the machine operation as well as the optimization of its settings appear tedious. Moreover, this difficulty is accentuated by the often complex interpretation related to specific phenomena at the nanoscale. To overcome these difficulties, the present thesis work consisted in the elaboration of a numerical AFM (n-AFM) from a program designed by L. Nony in C language. After a phase of implementation in Fortran 90 to ensure portability and compatibility with other scientific programs, new features have been developed. Among these, a coupling with a code of molecular dynamics (MD) was performed to consider the effects of temperature and relaxation of the imaged system. These n-AFM developments helped implement various regimes and working modes through the study of several systems. First, adsorbed bi- and tri-dimensional molecules helped to test the sensitivity and the stability of the n-AFM simulating a classical cantilever and tuning fork. Second, the surface reconstruction 6H-SiC (3X3) was studied using the MD and then the n-AFM. Experimental images of this reconstruction show an atypical behavior that we tried to understand and explain. Finally, the use of the n-AFM has been extended to other areas than the study of surfaces and molecules. In particular, we modeled and studied the influence of a defect on the walls of a nano-tip oscillating at the air/liquid interface with FM-AFM. Finally, we studied the influence on the behavior of a AFM in amplitude modulation mode (tapping mode) of liquid nano-films on the tip-substrate system surface
Fèvre, Mathieu. „Etudes microstructurales d'oxydes désordonnés et modélisation de leurs propriétés thermiques“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the modelling of disordered oxides by Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations, in relation with short-range order investigations by neutrons and X-rays diffuse scattering measurements. In zirconia based oxides the kinetics of cations is very slow, whereas it is very fast for anions. These materials are ionic systems. Thus, the largest contribution to the energy of the system is given by long-range electrostatic interactions (1/r). Local order measurements have shown that chemical species are not randomly placed in the crystal structure. Due to the presence of structural vacancies, created by a charge compensation mechanism, lattice distortions are also important. Thus, the chemical ordering is strongly correlated to the atomic displacements. The Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics technique has been used to compute the thermal conductivity from atomic configurations. However, this method can only reproduce the movement of particles during several nanoseconds. Therefore, in order to ameliorate the description of micro structural properties and to analyze the influence on the conductivity of the local order, we developed a code based on a Monte Carlo approach, which is adapted to ionic systems and which can describe the strong elastic effects as well as the chemical effects. The short-range order reproduced in the Monte Carlo simulations is very closed to the one measured. We also show that Molecular Dynamics simulations cannot reproduce the correct local order between defects, observed at high doping concentrations. Moreover, the thermal conductivity computations have shown a good agreement with the experimental data. Indeed, the error between simulations and measurements are below 20%. Finally, this study also discusses the influence of the short-range order on the conductivity behaviour using numerical results, diffuse scattering investigations and thermal conductivity measurements
Golebiowski, Jérôme. „Modélisation d'extractants spécifiques de cations métalliques par des méthodes ab initia et hybrides mécanique quantique / mécanique moléculaire“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCottevieille, Magali. „Etudes structurales de complexes multienzymatiques par cryomicroscopie électronique, reconstructions tridimensionnelles, modélisation moléculaire et recalage de données atomiques“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, two major studies of multienzymatic complexes by cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and image analysis are presented, with original approaches. Bacterial glutamate synthase is a multienzymatic complex of 1. 2 MDa. Its structure and stoichiometry were unknown. With an approach integrating cryoEM, image analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), I obtained a cryoEM 3D map at a subnanometric resolution (9. 5 Å); fitting of atomic data from X-ray crystallography and homology modelling led to a pseudo-atomic model of the complex. The core complex (LH1-RC) of Rhodobacter veldkampii is a membrane complex of 320 kDa. Its structure and stoichiometry were also unkown. An original approach of 3D image processing was applied because of its small size, leading to a cryoEM volume at 12 Å resolution, with partial fitting of available atomic data
Nota, Matteo. „Modélisation du laser à iode et oxygène chimique : élargissement collisionnel de transitions hyperfines de l'iode atomique et exploration de la flamme de dissociation de l'iode moléculaire par l'oxygène singulet“. Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChesneau, Erwan. „Développement d'une nouvelle approche pour la modélisation structurale de verres boratés : combiner Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) et Dynamique Moléculaire“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlasses are materials used in many fields. However, their structures still not well known because of the lack of long range order, making it difficult to extract the structural information of these materials. It is accepted that the glassy network is made of many elementary unit chains, being boron triangles and tetrahedron in the case of borate glasses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a vital characterization technique for the glasses study. It allows the measurement of proportion of each unit. The determination of the structural resolution of glasses remains a major scientific challenge for understanding of the relationship between the glass properties and it elemental compositions. This thesis aims to develop new NMR approach combining 1D, 2D and oxygen-17 NMR with DFT-GIPAW calculations on numerical models in order to characterize the intermediate ranger order NMR fingerprint. The first study is on sodium borate glasses. It highlighted that only ab-initio molecular dynamics (MD) can reproduce the boron rings, which have been confirmed by the NMR data, taking into account of the fine NMR parameters distributions effects. The second study is on aluminoborate glasses. Unlike the previous, the computed MD structures are not in agreement with NMR data. Thereby, a diferente stuctural simulation is applied. Refined models have been determined by Reverse Monte Carlo by constraining few experimental NMR data. This method allows to significantly improve the agreement between sumulated models and the experiment
Castanié, Fabien. „APPROCHES NUMÉRIQUE ET THÉORIQUE DU MICROSCOPE À FORCE ATOMIQUE : INTERACTION, DYNAMIQUE ET IMAGERIE“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurrieu, Marie-Pierre. „Etude par modélisation moléculaire de la stabilité et de la dynamique du complexe SNARE impliqué dans la fusion membranaire“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe SNARE complex is involved in intracellular membrane fusion : its assembly from proteins bound to vesicles (v-SNAREs) and to the target membrane (t-SNAREs) may allow to overcome the repulsion between the two membranes. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the four-helix bundle constituting the soluble core domain of the neuronal SNARE complex. These simulations highlight the extreme stability of the bundle. A detailed structural analysis, taking into account the hydrophobic layer organization, reveals a dense network of salt bridges and hydrogen bonds maintaining the complex. Our results, which are in very good agreement with experimental structural data, shed new light on the interpretation of experimental results. The insertion of the v-SNARE transmembrane domain into the vesicular membrane was then studied by coarse-grained simulations. Our results contribute to the debate concerning the burying of the v-SNARE juxtamembrane region. Our simulations indicate three different insertion topologies, among which the two profiles obtained by Shin et al. In their EPR studies
Barthelemy, Mathieu. „Modélisation du transfert radiatif dans les atmosphères de Jupiter et Saturne : application à l'étude des chevauchements des raies Lyman α, β et γ de l'hydrogène atomique avec des raies des systèmes de Lyman et Werner de l'hydrogène moléculaire“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMilia, Valentin. „Couplage de modèles de chimie quantique et d'algorithmes haute performance pour l'exploration globale du paysage énergétique de systèmes atomiques et moléculaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primary aim of this thesis is to develop efficient methods for characterizing molecular conformations at a quantum level. Various methods devoted to the computation of molecular potential energy are reviewed, as well as the most popular potential energy surfaces (PES) global exploration schemes. In this context, a key contribution of this thesis is the coupling of the robotics-inspired Iterative Global exploration and LOcal Optimization (IGLOO) method, implemented in the MoMA software, with the quantum Density-Functional based Tight-Binding (DFTB) potential, implemented in the deMonNano software. The IGLOO algorithm integrates the motion planning Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm with local optimization and structural filtering. A proof of concept has been done through the identification of low-energy conformations of the alanine dipeptide.The IGLOO/DFTB coupling has been applied to the mapping of the PES of three close-sized molecules of the phthalate family (dibutyl phthalate DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate BBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate DEHP), providing detailed insights into their different conformational landscapes. Various geometrical descriptors have been used to analyze their structure-energy relationships. Coulomb interactions, steric hindrance, and dispersive interactions have been found to drive the geometric properties and a strong correlation has been evidenced between the two dihedral angles describing the side-chains orientation of the phthalate molecules. The results demonstrate the method's capability to identify low-energy minima without prior knowledge of the PES.Furthermore, an innovative algorithm for the large-scale generation of molecular structures, including a conformational variety, is presented. It combines molecular graph generation with atom or fragment addition techniques. It is applied to provide an extensive database of 3D structures of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-CH) molecules. The analysis of the database generated in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the geometrical and electronic descriptors of a-C:H structures. These properties are compared with those of compact Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and linear chains, representing limit cases.Finally, a review is given on methods aiming at identifying saddle points and transition paths between low-energy conformations on the PES. A first step toward the identification of transition paths between low-energy conformations using a motion planning algorithm, known as Transition-based Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (T-RRT), is presented. A similarity measure, designated as the Symmetrized Segment-Path Distance (SSPD), is used to compare the generated trajectories. Subsequently, a clustering technique, namely the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), is employed to group similar trajectories in order to identify the common pathways, thereby providing valuable insights into the dynamics of conformational changes. The methodology has been successfully applied to the identification of low-energy paths between two minima of the alanine dipeptide PES.Overall, the research presents significant advancements in the exploration of complex molecular PES at a quantum level including (i) the IGLOO/DFTB coupling (ii) a novel algorithm for 3D structure generation of large-scale molecules and (iii) an original scheme allowing for the identification of multiple transition paths. Correlations between the structural, energetic and electronic properties have been evidenced for the polluting phthalate molecules and astrophysically relevant hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-CH) molecules. These contributions pave the way for future research, aiming to extend these methods to larger and more complex systems
Laurent, Benoist. „Étude de l'anesthésie générale à l'échelle atomique par modélisation d'un homologue bactérien du récepteur nicotinique humain“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053431.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgueny, Hicham. „étude théorique des processus électroniques ayant lieu au cours de collisions atomiques et moléculaires: approches non perturbatives“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01052860.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarreau, Alain. „Contribution à l'étude de la diffusion collisionnelle de la lumière : modélisations et simulations par la méthode de Monte-Carlo des milieux denses, comparaisons aux résultats expérimentaux et de dynamique moléculaire“. Angers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ANGE0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVan, de Steen Cyril. „Modélisation des propriétés de transport des ions moléculaires de krypton et xénon pour l'optimisation des générateurs de plasma froids utilisant les gaz rares“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30264/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of cold plasmas based on rare gases (Rg) in biomedical applications as well as in space propulsion is clearly evolving. To optimize these plasma reactors, a fine understanding of the processes taking place in these reactors is necessary. This thesis aims to provide the missing data in the literature (transport coefficients and reaction rates) through mesoscopic data (cross-sections) obtained from microscopic data (interaction potentials) for xenon and krypton in their parent gas. Only cold plasmas composed of a single type of atom are considered. As krypton and xenon are rare gases, and so have, in the neutral state little / no interaction between them. Therefore, only ion - atom collisions will be considered. Due to the low ion energies in the cold plasma, only the first 6 excited states of the Rg2+ pair will be taken into account. These 6 states will be classified in two groups, 2P1/2 and 2P3/2. In this work, two different interaction potentials available in the literature are used and compared for the Kr+/Kr and Xe+/Xe collision systems in the calculation of cross-sections. For collisions involving ionic dimers (Kr2+/Kr and Xe2+/Xe), the interaction potentials are calculated from the DIM model (Diatomics In Molecules) which is a combination of the atomic potentials of neutral - neutral and ionic - neutral interactions. The cross-sections required to obtain the missing mesoscopic data are calculated from three different methods. The first method is the quantum method which allows, by a resolution of the Schrödinger equation, to obtain exactly the cross-sections from the interaction potentials. This exact method, which consumes a lot of computation time, is used as a reference to validate the two other approximate methods. The second method, called semi-classical, is based on the same expression as the quantum cross section but uses an approximate phase shift (JWKB approximation), induced by the interaction potential, between the scattered wave and the incident wave. [...]
Jeloaica, Leonard. „Etude Ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRio, Jérémy. „Modélisation à l'échelle atomique de Cycloparaphénylènes avec les techniques ab initio“. Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4078/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work in this thesis concerns the study at the atomic scale of Cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP) molecules and their complexes and derivatives, using ab initio modeling methods (DFT/LDA). I initially look at the stability of these molecular rings when functionalized by halogens, and the structural changes induced. The important notion of curvature energy is raised to find new synthesis routes. The encapsulation of C60 fullerene inside [10]CPPs is a very important part of this work and more particularly the interaction between the azafullerene dimer (C59N)2 and two [10]CPPs. This allowed us to look at supramolecular interactions and the alignment of two [10]CPPs on this dimer both theoretically and experimentally, through collaboration with research teams in Germany and Greece. The possibility of templated alignment of [10]CPPs leads to a study on the functionalization of these molecules with the aim of connecting them together with various connectors, for example with aromatic species, polymers or metals to form a new family of pseudo-nanotubes composed of multiply inter-linked [10]CPPs. Depending on the connections used, the conduction properties of the 'pseudo-nanotubes' can vary from wide-gap semiconductors to metallic structures. I also show in this manuscript, that [n]CPPs and carbon nanotubes can interact to form structures where the ring is encapsulated inside or around the carbon nanotube. In this context, the study of the rotation of cycloparaphenylene demonstrate a very low frictional force and thus predict ultra-rapid CPP rotation
Salanne, Mathieu. „Modélisation atomique de sels fondus fluorés à haute température“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066408.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouhafs, Nezha. „Excitation des hydrures d’azote par l’hydrogène atomique et moléculaire“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH15/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObservation and study of interstellar molecular clouds require the knowledge of molecular data to derive the physical conditions (temperature, gas density, molecular abundance) of these media. Nitrogen hydrides are highly abundant species in the interstellar medium and they are found to be important reaction intermediates in the nitrogen chemistry. The interpretation of nitrogen hydrides observations from the HERSCHEL spatial observatory and the ALMA interferometer, requires accurate collisional rate coefficients of these molecules. The present thesis focuses on the determination of new rate coefficients for NH, NH2 and NH3 molecules in collision with Ne, H2 et H, respectively. Inelastic cross sections for the rotational excitation of all the studied systems have been computed with a close coupling method using the molecular dynamic codes MOLSCAT and HIBRIDON. The cross sections are then used to calculate the collisional rate coefficients for temperatures ranging from 5 to 200 K. The new rate coefficients were included in radiative transfer calculations in order to model the observed transitions of NH2 towards high-mass star-forming region W31C. We show that using the previously published rate coefficients instead of these new ones have a significant impact on the modeling, leading to important differences on the density, abundance and on the OPR of NH2. The new data will allow to put interesting constraints on the physical condition of the molecular cloud
Pellerin, Stéphane. „Plasmas basse-température en physique atomique et moléculaire. Applications technologiques“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHrouzek, Michal. „Modélisation, estimation et contrôle de microscope à forca atomique“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presented work concentrates on a complete and deep understanding of the Atomic Force Microscopy from the control point of view. This analysis allows us to propose improvements for the Atomic Force Microscopes standard functions. Control approach plays an important role in all this development but profound understanding of the instruments physics has to be reached as well. The second chapter briefly but completely overviews the most important techniques to operate the Scanning Probe Microscope and more precisely the AFM. This chapter should unveil advantages and difficulties of the existing techniques. The most basic function parts of AFM are presented. Followed by a summary of Contact (static) operation mode and Non-contact (dynamic) operation mode. The third chapter concentrates on the modeling of surface interactions and the dynamic of the cantilever with the tip. A simplified model of the surface interaction forces is presented and used as a base to performed simulations later on. Followed by a simplified cantilever model and a more complex multi-mode model based on the beam theory with implemented model for the thermal excitation. The fourth chapter presents an application of observer techniques to Atomic Force Microscopy. A short introduction to all present measurements and detection disturbances is given at the beginning. Theoretical introduction of the observer and its application in control follows. Then two observer applications to Atomic Force Microscope in Amplitude Modulation technique and a new static force measurement are presented. The fifth chapter presents a new operation mode of Atomic Force Microscope based on static measurement of the interaction force. A cold damping technique is used to be able to operate the cantilever in completely static regime and its description is given at the beginning of the chapter. Followed, by theoretical definition and description of a new operation mode called “Cooling mode". The main advantages and disadvantages compared to the standard AFM operation modes are listed to see the functionality improvements and limitations. Experimental setup used to prove this concept is designed and identified in the following text. This information allows us to design a stabilizing controller using pole placement techniques. The realtime measurement results are presented at the end of this chapter
Ruckebusch, Cyril. „Résolution et modélisation chimiométrique en spectroscopie moléculaire“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288809.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellestatistique pour justifier l'utilisation qui en est faite en spectroscopie. L'accent sera mis ensuite sur les travaux de recherche et les activités de valorisation autour des deux axes suivants :
- l'analyse des systèmes chimiques et physico-chimiques évolutifs, tels que les processus réactionnels photoinduits. L'idée est la description des données spectro-cinétiques par un modèle de structure algébrique bilinéaire, le problème consistant à estimer les contributions cinétiques et spectrales des constituants purs du système chimique. Nous montrons l'intérêt des méthodes multivariées de résolution de courbes pour l'analyse globale des données des systèmes multi-expériences et pour l'intégration d'informations physico-chimiques lors de la résolution. Le résultat
est une description adaptée et robuste des données permettant la caractérisation moléculaire des espèces transitoires inconnues. Nous envisageons également les développements vers les méthodes hybrides ou semiparamétriques, en lien avec les approches statistiques développées en traitement du signal.
- l'analyse qualitative ou quantitative d'échantillons complexes, multi-composants et soumis à de nombreux facteurs d'influence, tels que les échantillons naturels ou manufacturés. L'idée est la modélisation d'une grandeur obtenue par une méthode de référence à partir d‘observations spectroscopiques des échantillons. L'objectif du modèle construit est la prédiction de cette grandeur lors d'observations ultérieures, pour bénéficier des caractéristiques métrologiques des techniques de spectroscopie. Nous montrons le potentiel des méthodes issues de l'apprentissage statistique. Les développements sont liés à l'écriture de termes de pénalisation de l'erreur empirique, notamment pour le contrôle de la complexité des modèles. Nous insistons sur les méthodes non-paramétriques telles que les machines à vecteurs de support à fonctions noyaux, pour nos applications en spectroscopie, lorsque la dimension des données est problématique.
Yvinec, Romain. „Modélisation probabiliste en biologie moléculaire et cellulaire“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749633.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGourmala, Chafika. „Synthèse et modélisation moléculaire d'oligosaccharides d'intérêt biologique“. Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLewis x is a carbohydrate which presents in the polar head of some qlvcolipides. Former studies show that there is molecular recognition between two trisaccharides Lewis x In the presence of calcium. Our ambition is to determine with precision the groups hydroxyls implied in this recognition under the mediation of the calcium. The first part of this work relates to the synthesis of oliqosaccharides and more specificallv the svnthesis of the trisaccharide Lewis a and trisaccharides Lewis x deoxvgenized in various positions of the galactose unit and the description of the mechanisms of reactions. The second part relates to theoretical calculatlons usinq molecular dynamics in water. These calculations are done with an aim of determining the phvsicochemical properties and also of understanding the intermolecular interactions between the two trisaccharides Lewis x and specifically the sites responsible for this interaction in the presence of the ion calcium
Cocheteau, Natacha. „Caractérisation et modélisation d'une adhérence moléculaire renforcée“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4700/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDirect bonding consists in joining two surfaces without the use of any adhesive or additional material. This process is used in several applications, particularly in terrestrial and spatial optics. Although a prototype passed with success spatial environment - where constraints involved are very different from those encountered on Earth - this technology requires a more detailed characterization and an improvement of the mechanical strength of bonded interfaces in order to validate the European Space Agency standards. To address this issue, mechanical tests (double shear tests, cleavage tests and wedge tests) and chemical analysis (wetting tests and XPS spectroscopy) were performed in order to study the influence of some process parameters (roughness, relative air humidity during room temperature bonding, the annealing temperature and time) on the mechanical strength and the bonding energy. These tests compared the two materials used: fused silica glass and Zerodur glass. As a result of these tests, optimal parameters doubling the mechanical strength were also obtained. In the same time, a phenomenological law relating the bonding energy to the previous parameters is developed as well as a macroscopic model to describe the adhesion intensity. Both models when coupled describe the normal behavior of the bonded interface depending on the process parameters. Then, the both laws are implemented in a finite elements model in order to simulate the crack propagation during the wedge test
Snajdrova, Lenka. „Modélisation moléculaire des lectines et des glycosyltransferases“. Grenoble 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlycosyltransferases and lectins are two protein families participating in the biosynthesis and specific recognition of glyacans. One part ofthis work ha been dedicated to the update of database of crystallographic structures of glycosyltransferases. Homology modeling of sorne biologically interesting glycosyltransferases whose crystallographic structures have not been solved yet has been performed. Molecular dynamics simulations ofthe glycosyltransferase LgtC, which participates on the biosynthesis oflipooligosaccharides (LOS) in the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, allowed us to propose a reaction mechanism. PA-IlL lectin, from Pseudomoans aeruginosa, displays an unusually high affinity for fucose. Quantum chemical calculations on the model including th binding site ofthe lectin in complex with fucose have shown that the strong binding between the protein and the ligand could be partly due to a significant delocalization of electrostatic charges
Hilico, Laurent. „Mesures de fréquences et calculs de haute précision en physique atomique et moléculaire“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001922.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Azzaoui Mahjoub. „Modélisation à l'échelle atomique d'interfaces planes dans l'alliage Cu3Au“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212399.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfshar, Mohammad. „Interactions calmoduline-cibles : modélisation moléculaire et approche expérimentale“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZinelabidine, Adel. „Les sidérophores : synthèses, physico-chimie et modélisation moléculaire“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoradowski, Marie-Noëlle. „Copolymérisation ène/diène : apports théoriques et modélisation moléculaire“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgueny, Hicham. „Etude théorique des processus électroniques ayant lieu au cours de collisions atomiques et moléculaires : approches non perturbatives“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021304.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaurent, Benoist. „Etude de l'anesthésie générale à l'échelle atomique par modélisation d'un homologue bactérien du récepteur nicotinique humain“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe discovery of anesthetic rnolecules represents a notable advance in medecine, mostly enabled by empirically observing their effect. In vitro experiments uncovered neuroreceptors as possible target for anesthetic molecules. Those are membrane-bound ion channels located on the target cells at nervous endings. In the last few years, bacterial neuroreceptor homologs were identified. The GLIC receptor, a homopentamer homologue to the human nicotinic receptor, was co-crystallized with bound general anesthetics, including bromoform, desflurane and propofol. In this thesis, I use molecular dynamics simulations and software programming to characterize interactions of general anesthetics with the wild type form of GLIC as well as with several mutants. In 2011, propofol and desflurane were co-crystallized in an intrasubunit binding site located in GLIC's transmembrane domain. More recently, bromoform was shown to bind this site as well as an intersubunit site. In this work I describe simulations of a new crystal structure displaying an additional binding site located in the channel's pore. Simulations in which GLIC is flooded by bromoform demonstrate the spontaneous accessibility of crystallographic binding sites in a non-crystalline environment. Exhaustive free energy calculations corroborate this data highlighting differences of binding energy between sites and between GLIC variants. Extensive sampling of binding pockets allowed me to detect a second intersubunit binding site, the accessibility of which is possibly modulated by a specific residue. Alltogether, data accumulated in this project provide a growing picture of anesthetic action at the atomic scale
Magis, Cedrik. „Conception de Ligands Protéiques par Bioinformatique et Modélisation Moléculaire“. Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553476.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePratuangdejkul, Jaturong. „Modélisation moléculaire de la sérotonine et de son transporteur“. Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P634.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this thesis was initially to establish the three dimensions quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) of 121 chemical compounds in order to determine the necessary physicochemical properties of these molecules transported through SERT. From this study we extracted a pharmacophore for the 3D definition of compound transported by SERT. We have based this study on an exhaustive conformational analysis of serotonin by quantum chemistry. We could show that the electrostatic forces which influence the conformation of serotonin are mainly due to cation-p interactions with a predominant participation of a charge transfer. We also showed that these non-bonded forces influence the two pKa of serotonin that correspond to the ionization of the ammonium and 5-hydroxyl groups. We could predict both pKa's in agreement with the experimental values by using ab initio calculations
Magis, Cédrik. „Conception de ligands protéiques par bioinformatique et modélisation moléculaire“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing structural and functional knowledge of proteins gives us a clearer idea of how they interact. This work presents the development of a new method enabling the design of protein ligands based on the transfer of a set of aminoacids of a known ligand, contributing to the binding of a choosen target on an host protein, containing less than 100 residues (mini-proteins). These host proteins are identified from the “Protein Data Bank” in a systematic manner. This approach has been applied to the development of new ligands of the Kv1. 2 channel. Three ligands have been designed with inhibition constants in the micromolar range
Moulabb, Mohamed. „Modélisation moléculaire quantique de structures élastiniques et du hyaluronane“. Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnthoni, Julie. „Synthèse enzymatique, modélisation moléculaire et caractérisation d'oligomères de flavonoïdes“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL097N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is the elaboration of rutin and esculin oligomerization process by the laccase from Trametes versicolor. A parallel synthesis process and on-line analysis of reaction media by SEC-UV and MALDI-TOF have been elaborated. The MALDI-TOF analysis has revealed the formation of simple bridges between rutin and esculin units, up to degree of oligomerization of 6 and 9 respectively. An ether bond has been observed by FTIR spectrometry for the rutin oligomers. Finally, the NMR analysis has revealed the formation of C-C and C-O bridges both on phenolic and the sugar parts of the flavonoids. At low pH and temperature, the elongation of the chain is favored, whereas increasing the dielectric constant of the solvent or the temperature favors the production of rutin oligomers. The limitation of oligomers mass is explained by the inhibition of the enzyme, probably due to the highest chelation properties of oligomers. In the case of oligorutin, a decrease of antiradical activity and an increase of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity have been observed when the oligomers molecular mass increases. In the case of esculin oligomers, these two activities increase with the increase of the oligomers mass. For these two types of oligomers, the water solubility is considerably increased. For the oligorutins, this augmentation has been correlated to a dense network of H-bonds, which has been demonstrated by molecular modeling. Globally, the molecular modeling approach in vacuum and in solvent has allowed to establish structure-activity relationship
Liu, Dan. „Transitions de phases de l'approximant 1/1 des quasicristaux de type Tsai : structure atomique, diffusion diffuse et simulation à l'échelle atomique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENY001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have studied the structural phase transitions occurring in a series of periodic 1/1 approximant to the CdYb type quasicrystals. 1/1 approximants share the same local environment as the parent quasicrystal, yet with a periodic long range order. The Cd6Tb 1/1 approximant is of particular interest owing to its long range magnetic order observed below 20K. A structural phase transition is observed at Tc= 192K. The atomic structures of the high temperature cubic phase and the low temperature monoclinic phase has been determined. The temperature dependence of the central tetrahedron ordering and its connection to the phase transition has been studied in details between 192 and 180K. The distortion of the Tb12 icosahedron resulting from the ordering of the tetrahedron at low temperature is supposed to play a crucial role in the formation of the long range magnetic order. Diffuse scattering, characteristic of a short range order has also been observed above Tc. For the Cd6Yb approximant we have confirmed that the phase transition does not correspond to an ordering along [11 ̅0]. The space group of the low temperature phase is proposed as P2/m. Furthermore, the effects of chemical order on the ordering mechanism of the tetrahedra are investigated on Cd6Pr and (Cd-Mg)6Pr with 10% at. Mg. The ordering scheme of both Cd6Pr and (Cd-Mg)6Pr is of the [110] type instead of the previously claimed [111] type. Molecular dynamic simulations are carried out on the Zn6Sc 1/1, Zn85.12Sc14.88 5/3, and Zn85.16Sc14.84 8/5 approximants using an effective oscillating pair potential. The Zn-Sc system is isostructural to the Cd-Yb one and the 5/3 and 8/5 approximant have a unit cell large enough to mimic a real quasicrystal. In the three systems we have simulated the diffraction pattern as the temperature goes from 500K to 100K. In the Zn6Sc 1/1 approximant, the temperature dependence of the simulated diffuse scattering evidenced a short range order forming in the low temperature phase. It most likely correspond to the pretransitional short range order as observed experimentally. The comparison of the simulated diffuse scattering between the 1/1 and 5/3 approximants demonstrates an excess of diffuse scattering in the latter phase which is likely the contribution from phasons modes. We have evidenced an atomic diffusion taking place between tetrahedra and dodecahedra in all three approximants. The long range atomic diffusion in the 1/1 approximant is only observed along space diagonal directions of the cubic cell, with an activation energy of 0.1 eV. Further investigation on the 5/3 and 8/5 approximants have shown that the orientational dynamics of the central tetrahedra as well as the atomic diffusion are dependent on the complexity of the structures. The configuration of the clusters and their local environment are considered to play a crucial role in the stabilization mechanism of the quasicrystals and their periodic approximants
Monet, Geoffrey. „Nanotubes géo-inspirés : structure atomique, transformation en température et dynamiques corrélées nanotube-eau moléculaire“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS388/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the investigation of nanotubes geo-inspired from natural imogolite nanotubes present in some soils and on the dynamical properties of water confined in these objects. These objects with nominal stoichiometry Ge(Si)Al₂O₇H₄ and Ge(Si)Al₂O₆CH₆, are aluminosilicate and aluminogermanate nanotubes whose inner wall is covered with either hydrophilic hydroxyl groups or hydrophobic methyl groups. In the first chapter of this manuscript, we present a state of knowledge on these nanotubes and introduce the topic of confined water. The second chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the structure of nanotubes thanks to X-ray powder scattering experiments. We introduce a new methodology, based on the use of helical symmetries and on the minimization of semi-empirical energy, which reduces the determination of a complex tubular structure to the evaluation of some geometric parameters. With this procedure, we solve the structure of both methylated and hydroxylated aluminosilicate and aluminogermanate nanotubes. In particular, a different rolling mode is highlighted for methylated and hydroxylated nanotubes. In the third chapter, we present the experimental study of the thermal transformations of hydroxylated aluminogermanate nanotubes, up to 1000°C. This work is the result of a multi-technical approach combining in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the K thresholds of aluminium and germanium, NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray scattering. The fourth chapter focuses on the study of water dynamics in hydroxylated and methylated aluminogermanate nanotubes by inelastic neutron scattering. For hydroxylated nanotubes, experiments are analyzed in the light of molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the water layer bound to the inner wall of the nanotubes presents an original structure and that the dynamics of water molecules and of the nanotube are strongly correlated
Guyon, Cédric. „Catalycité de matériaux céramiques et semi-conducteurs sous flux d'oxygène atomique. Etudes expérimentales et modélisation“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066150.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaas, Quentin. „Analyse structurale des récepteurs d'antigènes dans IMGT et modélisation moléculaire“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSas, Nicolas. „Dosimétrie et modélisation compartimentale de la myélotoxicité en radiothérapie moléculaire“. Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=947ac01b-6329-4179-a119-a4ba8a91e098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : Molecular radiotherapy is based on the administration and vectorization of radionuclides to focus radiation on the tumor while preserving maximum healthy tissue. During this treatment, the bone marrow is often inclined to express toxicity limiting the maximum amount of activity that can be injected. Modulate the injected activity by calculating absorbed doses allow the treatment to be more efficient while maintaining acceptable toxicity. However, few studies have shown a link between estimated absorbed doses and biological effects. The objective of this thesis is to develop a compartmental model of murine thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis predicting the depletion of hematopoietic cells as a function of absorbed dose to the bone marrow. The cumulative activity and S values, used to calculate the average absorbed doses after injection of 18FNa were determined by positron emission tomography and Monte Carlo simulation, respectively. Myelotoxicity was evaluated by following the evolution of the number of cells in the blood (platelet, red blood cell) and bone marrow (progenitors, precursors) over time. Finally, dosimetry and haematological data were used to implement a compartmental model of murine bone marrow. In conclusion, it is possible to predict myelotoxicity induced by injection of radionuclides from the accurate determination of the dose rate to the bone marrow, but the question about the use of the average absorbed dose to correlate the effects observed remains open
Heissigerova, Helena. „Glycosyltransferases : étude comparative, modélisation moléculaire et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChatron, Nolan. „VKORC1 et résistance aux antivitamines K : étude par modélisation moléculaire“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVKORC1 is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-resident enzyme, responsible for vitamin K epoxide reduction to vitamin K quinone that activates coagulation factors synthesis. VKORC1 is thus a prominent target of vitamin K agonists (VKAs) in anticoagulant therapies. However, some VKORC1 mutations lead to physiological dysregulation and/or VKAs resistance. No VKORC1 structural data is available, and postulated topological models are based on biochemical and biophysical experimental observations frequently contradicting. Topology of VKORC1 and involvement of cysteines residues (highly conserved in VKORs) in the protein enzymatic mechanism remain unclear. We built an in silico 3D model of the wild-type human VKORC1 (hVKORC1WT) at the atomistic scale. Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein model, carrying all the cysteines residues in their oxidized form (SH), were used for identification of cysteines residues which may plausibly form disulfide bridges. We thus described hVKORC1WT metastable conformations depicting the functionally relevant states of protein. Study of the vitamin K (in epoxide and in reduced forms) recognition by the predicted conformations of hVKORC1WT revealed their reciprocal selectivity. The hVKORC1WT conformations targeted by each vitamin K form were established and their role in the reduction mechanism of this molecule was explained. Using our results, we postulated the comprehensive enzymatic mechanism of hVKORC1WT and we proposed the 3D structure as the VKAs target. Interactions between the predicted target - hVKORC1WT active state - and three different VKAs were characterized. The obtained affinities (free binding energy) were in good correlation with in vivo measured inhibition constants (Ki), thus validating our theoretical predictions. Our protocol developed for hVKORC1WT is suitable for a study of its mutants. Description of the enzymatic mechanisms of mutated hVKORC1 will lead to understanding of the modified reductase activity or/and to explaining of its resistance to VKAs. Such data are crucial for the development of novel strategies in the design of a new generation of inhibitors overcoming VKAs resistance. Our concept and the established in silico protocol can be extended to analysis of mammalian VKORs and other oxidoreductases family proteins
Ballihaut, Guillaume. „Détection et identification de sélénoprotéines par électrophorèse sur gel associée aux spectrométries de masse atomique et moléculaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCristiglio, Viviana. „Caractérisation structurale d'aluminates fondus : expérience et modélisation“. Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFörster, Georg Daniel. „Modélisation atomique de nanoparticules métalliques sur substrats carbonés et graphène épitaxié sur métaux“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10150/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleApplications of metal nanoparticles require monodisperse and stable assemblies on a substrate such as graphene or graphite. Epitaxial graphene on metal (GOM) has attracted research interest because it contributes to the self-organisation of adsorbates. The difference in the lattice constants of graphene and metal leads to a moiré that contains certain regions that are favorable for adsorption. This work is mainly concerned with the Ru-C and Pt-C systems where we were interested in the bare substrate of GOM, adsorbates deposited thereon and metal clusters on graphite. Bond order potentials allow to carry out molecular dynamics studies for systems of realistic size and at finite temperature. In the case of the Pt-C, a parametrization is available in the literature. However, for Ru-C systems a custom parametrization effort based on data from electronic structure calculations was necessary. This atomistic model neglects long ranged dispersion forces that are important for adsorption phenomena on extended substrates. Based on the Grimme models, we developed an implicit description that takes the layered structure and the semi-infinite extension of the substrate into account. Also, screening effects that are important for metal materials are taken into account. Based on this force field, we show results concerning the properties of adsorbates on carbon substrates while evaluating the dispersion model. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations, the stability of adsorbates and graphene has been studied in the context of vibrational and diffusion dynamics. In agreement with experiments, the mobility of the adsorbates on graphite is high in comparison with adsorbates on GOM
Miniatura, Christian. „Production et analyse d'un faisceau d'hydrogène atomique métastable. : Etude de la collision hydrogene (deuterium) atomique métastable sur hydrogène (deuterium) moléculaire aux énergies thermiques“. Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeloup, Jean-Christophe. „Modélisation du mécanisme moléculaire des rythmes circadiens chez la drosophile“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaschka, Thomas. „Modélisation moléculaire de matrikines et de protéines matricelles : approches théoriques et évaluations biologiques“. Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880738.
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