Dissertationen zum Thema „Modèles hydrogéologiques“
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Pratte, Alexandre. „Relations entre variables morphométriques et données hydrogéologiques, bassins versants des rivières Châteauguay et Beaurivage, Québec“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25162/25162.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLasserre, Frédérique. „Conception et intégration dans un SIG d'un modèle de transport des nitrates dans les aquifères libres : application sur deux bassins hydrogéologiques de la région Poitou-Charentes“. Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGonçalvès, Julio. „Modélisation 3D de l'évolution géologique du bassin de Paris : implications diagénétiques et hydrogéologiques“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066526.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDjeda, Farida. „Etude hydrogéologique et simulation par modèles mathématiques de la nappe de Khemis-Miliana (Bassin du Haut Chelif, Algérie)“. Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAkil, Nicolas. „Etude des incertitudes des modèles neuronaux sur la prévision hydrogéologique. Application à des bassins versants de typologies différentes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., IMT Mines Alès, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EMAL0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFloods and droughts are the two main risks in France and require a special attention. In these conditions, where climate change generates increasingly frequent extreme phenomena, modeling these risks is an essential element for water resource management.Currently, discharges and water heights are mainly predicted from physical or conceptual based models. Although efficient and necessary, the calibration and implementation of these models require long and costly studies.Hydrogeological forecasting models often use data from incomplete or poorly dimensioned measurement networks. Moreover, the behavior of the study basins is in most cases difficult to understand. This difficulty is thus noted to estimate the uncertainties associated with hydrogeological modeling.In this context, this thesis, supported by IMT Mines Alès and financed by the company aQuasys and ANRT, aims at developing models based on the systemic paradigm. These models require only basic knowledge on the physical characterization of the studied basin, and can be calibrated from only input and output information (rainfall and discharge/height).The most widely used models in the environmental world are neural networks, which are used in this project. This thesis seeks to address three main goals:1. Development of a model design method adapted to different variables (surface water flows/height) and to very different types of basins: watersheds or hydrogeological basins (groundwater height)2. Evaluation of the uncertainties associated with these models in relation to the types of targeted basins3. Reducing of these uncertaintiesSeveral basins are used to address these issues: the Blavet basin in Brittany and the basin of the Southern and Central Champagne Chalk groundwater table
Bernard, Stéphane. „Caractérisation hydrodynamique des réservoirs carbonatés fracturés : application au site expérimental hydrogéologique (SEH) de l'Université de Poitiers“. Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2315.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES) in Poitiers is set up over the two main aquifers (fractured limestone) of the Region Poitou-Charentes. The site encloses 35 wells spatially distributed so that nested scales in the range 10 - 600 m for lag-distances between wells are available. Most of the hydrodynamic study proposed in this work rests on the interpretation of interference hydraulic pumping tests. Classical methods of interpretation are devoted to porous media and cannot be applied here because of the convex shape in time of observed draw-down curves. A new model has been built. It is based on a fractal approach to the fractured medium and a logarithmic approximation to the solution of radial flow with cylindrical symmetry. This model handles dimensioned variables which allow its inversion by optimization over each available draw-down curve. The results show that the medium has a fractal behavior very close to that of a 2D percolation network at the percolation threshold, with transmissivity and storage capacity obeying power scaling laws. It is shown that transmissivity values rapidly homogenize even for small lag-distance between the pumped well and the observed-one. On the other hand, the storage capacity keeps decreasing over almost one order of magnitude with the lag-distance. These results from interference tests have been compared to that from a study, at the scale of the well, of porosity and storage capacity deduced from cross-correlation and spectral analysis between hydraulic head and atmospheric pressure. Even though the comparison shows a few discrepancies between results, it point out that flow in fractured rocks and the determination of hydrodynamic parameters are very sensitive to the scale over which measurements are performed
Dewandel, Benoît. „Structure et fonctionnement hydrogéologique d'un aquifère discontinu : l'ophiolite d'Oman“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSung, Ig-Hwan. „Etude des ressources en eau de la région de Taegu, Corée : analyse des données hydrogéologiques, géochimiques et modèle hydrodynamique“. Orléans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ORLE2059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurand, Véronique. „Recherche multidisciplinaire pour caractériser deux aquifères fracturés : les eaux minérales de Plancoët en contexte métamorphique, et de Quézac en milieu carbonaté“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083473.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePétré, Marie-Amélie. „Étude hydrogéologique de l’aquifère transfrontalier Milk River (Canada-USA) : modèles géologique, conceptuel et numérique pour la gestion raisonnée de la ressource“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM097/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the 20th century, groundwater from the Milk River Aquifer (MRA) has been an important water resource in southern Alberta (Canada) and northern Montana (USA). The intensive use of this resource under a semi-arid climate has locally led to important drops in waters levels, thus raising concerns on the MRA sustainability since the 1960’s. Previous MRA studies were limited by the national boundaries, thus preventing a full understanding of the aquifer dynamics. The objective of this thesis was to carry out a transboundary study of the MRA to define this regional groundwater resource within its natural boundaries. For this purpose, three cross-border models were developed: a geological model, a conceptual hydrogeological model and a numerical groundwater flow model. These developments were supported by focused field work on both sides of the Canada/USA border and a comprehensive review of previous studies. Furthermore, a first assessment of the historical exploitation levels of the MRA was done for southern Alberta.The 3D geological model (50,000 km2) continuously represents the MRA (Virgelle Member of the Milk River/Eagle Formation) and confining units through the international border. Development of this model required harmonization of various stratigraphic nomenclatures in the study area and the transboundary delineation of the MRA extent.The hydrogeological conceptual model of the MRA indicated two transboundary groundwater fluxes from Montana to Alberta. The Milk River intercepts most of the groundwater flux incoming from the south, thus leading to limited groundwater flow north of the Milk River. Isotopic analyses confirm that the MRA contains mostly fossil groundwater, with the exception of the recharge area located along the outcrop area of the aquifer. Areas within the MRA with a high hydraulic conductivity and low chloride concentrations correspond to preferential groundwater flowpaths. Discharge from the aquifer occurs as vertical leakage through the overlying confining units, especially along bedrock valleys.The numerical steady-state groundwater flow model of the aquifer system (26,000 km2) is a transposition of the geological and conceptual models, and it shows that the previously developed conceptual model is hydraulically plausible. The groundwater flow model provides a better understanding of the aquifer system by representing the dynamics of groundwater flow under pre-development conditions. Particle tracking indicates advective residence times of up to 750,000 years in the northern limit of the aquifer, which is lower than ages obtained from isotopic analyses (2 Ma).The area south of the Milk River benefits from all of the transboundary groundwater flux from Montana whereas north of the Milk River, only a portion of the recharge flux coming from the south is transmitted due to the interception of the Milk River.Groundwater budgets from both the conceptual and numerical models show that groundwater extraction far exceeds recharge north of the Milk River. A transient model would be required to determine how much water is derived from storage in the MRA and to assess the role of the confining units during pumping. Furthermore, as an internationally shared resource, a transboundary management of the MRA would be appropriate, especially in the area comprised between the recharge area in Montana and the Canadian reach of the Milk River.Together, these transboundary models of the MRA constitute a common international basis of scientific knowledge at the aquifer scale and could support further assessments of the best possible exploitation of the shared but limited resource.Future works could include the study of the effects of the gas fields located at the limits of the MRA as well as paleo-hydrogeological conditions relative to the geochemical evolution of groundwater
Pétré, Marie-Amélie. „Étude hydrogéologique de l’aquifère transfrontalier Milk River (Canada-USA) : modèles géologique, conceptuel et numérique pour la gestion raisonnée de la ressource“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the 20th century, groundwater from the Milk River Aquifer (MRA) has been an important water resource in southern Alberta (Canada) and northern Montana (USA). The intensive use of this resource under a semi-arid climate has locally led to important drops in waters levels, thus raising concerns on the MRA sustainability since the 1960’s. Previous MRA studies were limited by the national boundaries, thus preventing a full understanding of the aquifer dynamics. The objective of this thesis was to carry out a transboundary study of the MRA to define this regional groundwater resource within its natural boundaries. For this purpose, three cross-border models were developed: a geological model, a conceptual hydrogeological model and a numerical groundwater flow model. These developments were supported by focused field work on both sides of the Canada/USA border and a comprehensive review of previous studies. Furthermore, a first assessment of the historical exploitation levels of the MRA was done for southern Alberta.The 3D geological model (50,000 km2) continuously represents the MRA (Virgelle Member of the Milk River/Eagle Formation) and confining units through the international border. Development of this model required harmonization of various stratigraphic nomenclatures in the study area and the transboundary delineation of the MRA extent.The hydrogeological conceptual model of the MRA indicated two transboundary groundwater fluxes from Montana to Alberta. The Milk River intercepts most of the groundwater flux incoming from the south, thus leading to limited groundwater flow north of the Milk River. Isotopic analyses confirm that the MRA contains mostly fossil groundwater, with the exception of the recharge area located along the outcrop area of the aquifer. Areas within the MRA with a high hydraulic conductivity and low chloride concentrations correspond to preferential groundwater flowpaths. Discharge from the aquifer occurs as vertical leakage through the overlying confining units, especially along bedrock valleys.The numerical steady-state groundwater flow model of the aquifer system (26,000 km2) is a transposition of the geological and conceptual models, and it shows that the previously developed conceptual model is hydraulically plausible. The groundwater flow model provides a better understanding of the aquifer system by representing the dynamics of groundwater flow under pre-development conditions. Particle tracking indicates advective residence times of up to 750,000 years in the northern limit of the aquifer, which is lower than ages obtained from isotopic analyses (2 Ma).The area south of the Milk River benefits from all of the transboundary groundwater flux from Montana whereas north of the Milk River, only a portion of the recharge flux coming from the south is transmitted due to the interception of the Milk River.Groundwater budgets from both the conceptual and numerical models show that groundwater extraction far exceeds recharge north of the Milk River. A transient model would be required to determine how much water is derived from storage in the MRA and to assess the role of the confining units during pumping. Furthermore, as an internationally shared resource, a transboundary management of the MRA would be appropriate, especially in the area comprised between the recharge area in Montana and the Canadian reach of the Milk River.Together, these transboundary models of the MRA constitute a common international basis of scientific knowledge at the aquifer scale and could support further assessments of the best possible exploitation of the shared but limited resource.Future works could include the study of the effects of the gas fields located at the limits of the MRA as well as paleo-hydrogeological conditions relative to the geochemical evolution of groundwater
Leray, Sarah. „Caractérisation des aquifères de socle cristallin et de leur ressource en eau - Apport des données d' " âge " de l'eau“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarrel, Amandine. „Mise en oeuvre et utilisation du métamodèle processus gaussien pour l'analyse de sensibilité de modèles numériques : application à un code de transport hydrogéologique“. Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000242/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the studies of environmental transfer and risk assessment, numerical models are used to simulate, understand and predict the transfer of pollutant. These computer codes can depend on a high number of uncertain input parameters (geophysical variables, chemical parameters, etc. ) and can be often too computer time expensive. To conduct uncertainty propagation studies and to measure the importance of each input on the response variability, the computer code has to be approximated by a metamodel which is build on an acceptable number of simulations of the code and requires a negligible calculation time. We focused our research work on the use of Gaussian process metamodel to make the sensitivity analysis of the code. We proposed a methodology with estimation and input selection procedures in order to build the metamodel in the case of a high number of inputs and with few simulations available. Then, we compared two approaches to compute the sensitivity indices with the metamodel and proposed an algorithm to build prediction intervals for these indices. Afterwards, we were interested in the choice of the code simulations. We studied the influence of different sampling strategies on the predictivity of the Gaussian process metamodel. Finally, we extended our statistical tools to a functional output of a computer code. We combined a decomposition on a wavelet basis with the Gaussian process modelling before computing the functional sensitivity indices. All the tools and statistical methodologies that we developed were applied to the real case of a complex hydrogeological computer code, simulating radionuclide transport in groundwater
Comte, Eloïse. „Pollution agricole des ressources en eau : approches couplées hydrogéologique et économique“. Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to water ressources pollution control. We especially focus on the impact of agricultural fertilizer on water quality, by combining economical and hydrogeological modeling. We define, on one hand, the spatio-temporal objective, taking into account the trade off between fertilizer use and the cleaning costs. On an other hand, we describe the pollutant transport in the underground (3D in space) by a nonlinear system coupling a parabolic partial differential equation (reaction-advection-dispersion) with an elliptic one in a bounded domain. We prove the global existence of the solution of the optimal control problem. The uniqueness is proved by asymptotic analysis for the effective problem taking into account the low concentration fertilizer. We define the optimal necessary conditions and the adjoint problem associated to the model. Some analytical results are provided and illustrated. We extend these results within the framework of game theory, where several players are involved, and we prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium. Finally, this work is illustrated by numerical results (2D in space), produced by coupling a Mixed Finite Element scheme with a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm
Lamé, Aurélie. „Modélisation hydrogéologique des aquifères de Paris et impacts des aménagements du sous-sol sur les écoulements souterrains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParis, as many large cities built on aquifers, shows a disturbed hydrogeological environment.Land waterproofing reduces the natural recharge of the water table, then mainly driven by sewer network leakage. Underground intensive urbanisation covering more than 30 % of the Parisian surfaces (without Vincennes and Boulogne woods) influences groundwater flow. In addition, had to be taken in consideration the 20-30 millions cubic meters of water yearly pumped from the aquifer system.Parisian aquifers are surveyed by IGC (Inspection General des Carrières) from the city of Paris, thanks to a 305 piezometers network, in particular close to the Seine river, in order to monitor and anticipate a flood event. In order to appraise such events a hydrogeological model of the Parisian underground had to be setup, including anthropic specification.To achieve this model a 3D GIS of the Parisian underground has been done, integrating several topics:- Parisian geology, including Campanian chalk and tertiary formation. 20 000 geological drillings have been used.- Underground infrastructures: 20 000 residential car parks and cellars more than 140 public car parks conceded by the city of Paris, 197 km of underground subway and 46 km of RER.- Water pumping. Only declared samples (12 millions cubic meters)- Piezometric data from 669 piezometers over Paris and neighbouring townsBefore this thesis, no synthetic representation of Paris geology and underground has been done.In a second time a mathematical model including Paris and suburbs has been built. This multilayer model consists of 11 layers interbedding, 6 aquifers level and 5 semi-permeable discretized through 607 171 square mesh (50 m side). Until now, this mathematical model allowed exploratory simulation in steady state showing flow structure of the present day hydrogeological situation
Cholet, Cybèle. „Fonctionnement hydrogéologique et processus de transport dans les aquifères karstiques du Massif du Jura“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe understanding of karst aquifer functioning is a major issue, given the complex structures of these reservoirs. The high heterogeneity of the flows induces a high vulnerability of these media and implies distinct behaviours during floods because of various infiltration processes. In the Jura Mountains, karst aquifers constitute the main source of water drinking supply and raise the question of their role in the degradation of water quality observed for several decades. This work uses complementary approaches to better understand the dynamics of floods in aquifers under various hydrological conditions. Several karst systems of the Jura Mountains, varying in size and characterized by distinct recharge processes, are investigated by detailed physico-chemical and hydrochemical monitoring.First, the different systems are compared at the hydrological cycle scale and at the seasonal scale to identify the dominant recharge processes (localized and/or diffuse infiltrations) as well as the characteristic hydrochemical signatures (allochtonous, autochthonous and/or anthropogenic). A comparative study of two systems with distinct recharge processes highlights the high seasonal variability of the hydrochemical response. The different systems are then analysed on a finer time scale to shed light on flood dynamics. An intense autumn flood was thus compared to smaller floods preceded by periods of significant low flow and marked by significant anthropogenic hydrochemical signatures. The EMMA (End-Member Mixing Analysis) method is applied to these results in order to establish the main hydrochemical end-members responsible for the characteristic contributions of the different systems.Then, considering the important transport of suspended matter during floods in these aquifers, part of this work aims to better understand the role and impact of these materials on dissolved and colloidal transport. Metal trace elements (ETM) are used to characterize the origin and transfer dynamics. These are relevant tools to identify the processes of storage and remobilization of the particles in the system. These dynamics are observed both on the Fourbanne system with an important localized infiltration, and on the small Dahon system, characterized by diffuse infiltration.Finally, in order to shed light on the spatio-temporal variability of the interactions that occur along the karst network during floods, a new modelling approach is defined. It is based upon the use of the diffusive wave and advectiondiffusion equations with the same mathematical resolution (Hayami's analytical solution (1951)) assuming a uniform distribution of the exchanges along the reach. An inverse modelling approach allows to identify and estimate the exchanges in terms of water flows and solute between two measurement stations. This methodology is applied to the Fourbanne system on two sections characterizing (1) the unsaturated zone and (2) unsaturated and saturated zone. The analysis of several floods highlights the different exchange dynamics on the two sections. It thus makes it possible to establish a functioning scheme of the system, bringing to light the important interactions in the saturated zone and also the storage role of the unsaturated zone in the karst system.This work offers a set of rich and complementary tools to better characterize the dynamics of floods and shows the importance of coupling the analysis of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical processes to better decipher the functioning of these aquifers
Audouin, Olivier. „Intégration - inversion de données géologique et mesures hydrodynamiques in-situ pour le conditionnement d'un modèle 3D d'aquifère calcaire : site expérimental hydrogéologique (SEH) de Poitiers, France“. Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work synthesizes knowledge about the aquifer investigated by the Hydrogeological Experimental Site of Poitiers. Flowpath structure has been identified from lithostratigraphic core analysis and borehole logging data. The flow is governed by karstic structures and fractures. Karstic levels are constrained within 3 sub-horizontal geological levels. The interconnectivity between these levels seems controlled by the sub-vertical fractures. The hydrodynamic characterization of flowpaths is based on the interpretation of slug test. A new model has been developed, which takes into account inertial effects and fractional flow dimension. Sensibility analysis shows that the two key parameters are the flow dimension and the hydraulic conductivity. The results show that diffusivity values of hydraulic connection vary over several orders of magnitude and allow hydraulic response at far observation wells. Knowledge about geology and flowpath structure is incorporated into a model of HES based on a composite approach DFN / heterogeneous continuous medium. Results allow to reproduce satisfactorily the unusual hydraulic behavior of HES, particularly the spatial and time similarity of drawdown curves
Lamé, Aurélie. „Modélisation hydrogéologique des aquifères de Paris et impacts des aménagements du sous-sol sur les écoulements souterrains“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00973861.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReninger, Pierre-Alexandre. „Méthodologie d'analyse de levés électromagnétiques aéroportés en domaine temporel pour la caractérisation géologique et hydrogéologique“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Coz Mathieu. „Modélisation hydrogéologique de dépôts hétérogènes : l'alluvium de la Komadougou Yobé (bassin du lac Tchad, sud-est nigérien)“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20140/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe downstream part of the Komadugu Yobe River is an important recharge area for the Lake Chad Quaternary aquifer. Since the 1980s, cash crop development (e.g. sweet pepper) has led to the doubling (1995-2005) of irrigated surfaces in the vicinity of the river. A modeling approach of vertical water fluxes through the vadose zone (0-8 m) was designed to quantify the related increase in groundwater recharge. The first step, which is the main topic of this PhD thesis, consisted in describing both spatial arrangement and hydrodynamic properties of the sedimentary bodies that make up the alluvium.Boreholes in surficial deposits highlighted sandy to clayey alternations within the whole unsaturated zone; this was interpreted as the result of frequent migrations of the River channel. Spatial correlation between bore logs showed strong similarities with heterogeneities depicted on ground by means of remote sensing data (binarized Landsat 7 image). This data were therefore used to train multiple-point statistics representative of heterogeneities, and a 3D geological model was generated through the snesim algorithm.For each representative sedimentary unit, soil moisture under controlled hydraulic surface conditions was monitored by vertical neutron probe soundings. Using 1D numerical simulations, different data sets of hydrodynamic properties that reproduced moisture measurements were determined by a Monte-Carlo approach. Probability density functions including measurement uncertainties were deduced for the Mualem - van Genuchten parameters which describe both retention and hydraulic conductivity curves.A 1D-distributed procedure was applied for modeling vertical flows in the unsaturated zone within several geological model realizations with different probable sets of hydrodynamics parameters. The simulated diffuse recharge was shown to be particularly sensitive to two main parameters: air-entry pressure linked to superficial deposits, where soil-plant-atmosphere interactions do occur, and vertical hydraulic conductivity contrasts within the alluvium
Houzé, Clémence. „Etude des flux à l'interface nappe-rivière. Apport de l'outil hydrogéophysique couplé à des mesures hydrodynamiques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS217/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Hyporheic Zone (HZ) is located at the interface between surface water and groundwater. For several decades it is considered as a hotspot for the development of a rich aquatic environment in rivers. Its system is often considered as a reliable indicator for water quality and a primary ecological niche for many species. From a hydrological point of view, it is also the place of interaction between two distinct water bodies with different geochemical signatures. This place of mixing forms a very fragile equilibrium where many biogeochemical reactions can occur. The objective of this thesis is to reach a better understanding of mixing and water fluxes in a dynamic context within the hyporheic zone. An innovative method was used by coupling a "classic" hydrogeological approach with hydrodynamic and geochemical measurements with Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Several field campaigns were done on the Essonne river as experimental site. A large number of measurements were done at various periods of the year and field equipment for water sampling and measurements were installed during these three years. Technical and innovative experiments were conducted such as a dam lowering and rising and an artificial salt tracer test in collaboration with the federation in charge of organization and management of the Essonne network. Finally, a 3D-model of the studied area was built with the HydroGeosphere software. The main hydrodynamic parameters have been tested in order to understand their impact and their variation in a static or dynamic environment on the hyporheic system and its development. In addition, field experiments were reproduced to compare the experimental and theoretical approach
Hassane, Mamadou Maina Fadji Zaouna. „Modélisation de la dynamique du transfert hydrique vers les aquifières : application à la détermination de la recharge par inversion dans un système hydrogéologique complexe“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGroundwater is the main available water resource for many countries; they are mainly replenished by water from precipitation, called groundwater recharge. Due to its great importance, management of groundwater resources is more essential than ever, and is achieved through mathematical models which offer us a better understanding of physical phenomena as well as their prediction. Hydrogeological systems are generally complex thus characterized by a highly variable dynamic over time and space. These complexities have attracted the attention of many hydrogeologists and many sophisticated models that can handle these issues and describe these systems accurately were developed. Unfortunately, modeling groundwater recharge is still a challenge in groundwater resource management. Generally, groundwater models are used to simulate aquifers flow without a good estimation of recharge and its spatial-temporal distribution. As groundwater recharge rates show spatial-temporal variability due to climatic conditions, land use, and hydrogeological heterogeneity, these methods have limitations in dealing with these characteristics. To overcome these limitations, a coupled model which simulates flow in the unsaturated zone and recharge as well as groundwater flow was developed. The flow in the unsaturated zone is solved either with resolution of Richards equation or with empirical models while the diffusivity equation governs flow in the saturated zone. Robust numerical methods were used to solve these equations: we apply non-conforming finite element to solve the diffusivity equation and we used an accurate and efficient method for solving the Richards equation. [...]
Toffolini, Philippe. „Stabilisation des pentes naturelles par les techniques de drainage : Étude géologique et hydrogéologique du site de Chateau-sous-Clevant (Meurthe-et-Moselle) ; Essai de synthèse méthodologique“. Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Janyani Sanae. „Incidence des bétoires et de la karstogenèse des plateaux crayeux de la Haute-Normandie sur le fonctionnement hydrologique de l'aquifère de la craie : modélisation hydrogéologique des influences climatiques à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFischer, Pierre. „Nouvelles approches de tomographies hydrauliques en aquifère hétérogène : théories et applications en milieu karstique et fracturé“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR059/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis manuscript presents a novel approach to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the structures localization and properties in a fractured and karstic aquifer at a decametric scale. This approach relies on a hydraulic tomography led from responses to a pumping investigation and interpreted with inversion methods adapted to the complexity of karstic systems. The approach is applied on a karstic experimental study site in France, a first time with constant pumping signals, and a second time with harmonic pumping signals. In both applications, the investigation resulted in groundwater level responses measured during alternated pumping tests at different locations. The quantitative interpretation of these sets of responses consists in reproducing these responses through a model with an adequate realistic property field generated by inversion. The inversion methods proposed in this manuscript permit to reconstruct a realistic hydraulic property field by representing the karstic structures either through a network generated by cellular automata, or through a discretized network. The interpretation results obtained on the experimental study site permit to image the karstic structures on a map and to‘read’ their localization. Furthermore, the results obtained with the responses to harmonic pumping tests tend to show the role of the signal frequency on the information carried by the responses. In fact, higher frequencies better characterize the most conductive structures, while lower frequencies mobilize flows also in less conductive karstic structures
Dufoyer, Adeline. „Signification physique et hydrologique de l'information spectrale contenue dans le signal hydrodynamique à l'exutoire des systèmes karstiques. Links between karst hydrogeological properties and statistical characteristics of spring discharge time series : a theoretical study“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlobally, major socio-economic challenges lie on karst systems, both for drinking water supply to populations and for deposits exploitation. Karst systems are defined, by De Marsily (1984), as environments in which "heterogeneity reaches its paroxysm": the physical patterns characterizing karst domains are particularly varied and the hydrodynamic responses are undeniably complex and non-linear. Today, it is still not possible to precisely define the heterogeneities organization of these aquifers although many studies have been carried out on their overall functioning. These studies are based on the only information generally available on these systems: precipitation on the studied watershed, flow rates recorded at the outlet, well-located monitoring of water levels, concentrations or turbidity, and local estimated hydrodynamic properties such as the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer or the storage coefficient. In recent years, several works have shown the interest of applying correlative and spectral analyzes on time series recorded on karst systems in order to interpret them hydro(geo)logical functioning. This thesis work explored the potential of this hydrological signal analysis methods as an aid to the interpretation and inference of physical and hydrogeological characteristics (karst networks geometry, exchanges between conduit networks and the surrounding porous matrix, recharge mode including diffuse and point-source one). This study was based on a coupling approach of direct modeling flows through synthetic karst systems, and the statistical and spectral processing of these simulated signals. The modeled domains were built according to different complexity degrees: from very simple arbitrary cases to complex cases corresponding to realistic systems. The flows in these synthetic networks were simulated with the physics-based hydrogeological model developed by the BRGM, MARTHE (Thiéry, 2015), and more particularly thanks to the “Drains-Conduits” package allowing to couple matrix, karst conduits and exchanges between these two entities. The employed signal processing methods compared the statistical and spectral properties of a climatic signal (precipitations) with those of the simulated discharges. They also give an understanding of how these properties vary according to changes in the domains hydraulic and physical characteristics. Even if the auto- and cross-correlation functions may exhibit almost similar behaviors (i.e. similar “memory effects” or decorrelation times, for different karst networks or matrix/conduit exchange properties), subtle but statistically significant differences allow the distinction between the karstification degree of the modeled domains. The scalar behaviors, and more particularly the different ranges of time scale invariance, can be used to distinguish the models in the spectral domain. These spectral properties reflect the possible filtering of the input signal by the considered hydrosystem, and therefore express different flow kinetics. Using discrete wavelet decomposition methods ultimately allows to reconstruct the hydrodynamic variability associated with these flow kinetics, completing thus a statistical decomposition of the hydrograph at the outlet
Auterives, Chrystelle. „Influence des flux d'eau souterraine entre une zone humide superficielle et un aquifère profond sur le fonctionnement hydrochimique des tourbières : Exemple des marais du Cotentin, Basse-Normandie“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137706.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle- Le fonctionnement hydrologique de la tourbière est contrôlé par celui de l'aquifère des sables et l'existence même de la tourbière est directement liée à sa présence ;
- Les conditions hydrologiques influencent directement la variabilité spatio-temporelle des conditions redox du milieu et donc les réactions biogéochimiques mises en jeu dans la tourbière ;
- La modélisation de la zone humide a mis en évidence la sensibilité et la vulnérabilité de ces écosystèmes à la pression anthropique (pompage) et/ou l'évolution globale du climat.
Hudon-Gagnon, Étienne. „Construction d'un modèle hydrostratigraphique graduellement simplifié des dépôts quaternaires et simulation hydrogéologique du bassin de la rivière Mistouk, au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec“. Thèse, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3413/1/HudonGagnon_uqac_0862N_10155.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGodbout, Pierre-Marc. „Géologie du quaternaire et hydrostratigraphie des dépôts meubles du bassin versant de la rivière Bécancour et des zones avoisinantes, Québec“. Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5603/1/M12984.pdf.
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