Dissertationen zum Thema „Modèle à base physique“
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Hosseinzadeh, Atiyeh. „Evaluation d'un modèle à base physique pour l'estimation des flux de sédiments lors des crues soudaines“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study evaluates the performance of a physically-based, distributed hydrological model, called MARINE, for simulating suspended sediment transport during flash floods at the catchment scale. Intense flash floods can induce significant soil erosion and sediment transport, leading to long-lasting soil loss. MARINE takes into account the spatial variability of catchment characteristics and precipitation. The study was carried out on two small catchments in southern France, La Claduègne in Ardèche (42.3 km²) and Auradé in Gers (3.28 km²). MARINE uses a mean-flow advection equation to simulate the spatio-temporal evolution of non-cohesive suspended sediment concentration, taking into account source terms representing raindrop erosion and shear stress erosion.The study examines the impact of various parameters on the simulation of suspended sediment concentration during flash floods in these catchments, including (i) the median diameter of sediment particles, (ii) the location of the interface between bed load and suspended load, (iii) the soil sensitivity coefficient to shear stress erosion, (iv) the soil sensitivity coefficient to raindrop erosion. The results of the sensitivity analyses applied to selected flash flood events highlight the model's sensitivity to two key parameters for both catchments: the soil sensitivity coefficient to shear stress erosion and the median sediment particle diameter. Thanks to the sensitivity analysis of the model parameters, the simulations led to the classification of floods into two categories: those dominated by raindrop erosion and those dominated by shear stress erosion. Analysis of the results also highlights the need to take into account the spatial variability of soil sensitivity to erosion, in particular by identifying the location of potential sources of sediment.To assess the model's performance in estimating erosion, the results for the Claduègne catchment are compared with two widely used empirical models derived from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), namely RUSLE and MUSLE. To compare the three models with MARINE as a reference, a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the land-use factor involved in MUSLE and RUSLE. Although the erosion simulated by the three methods is generally comparable, variations appear for events dominated by raindrop erosion, suggesting the need for further research to improve raindrop erosion modeling within the MARINE model.MARINE model simulations also offer the possibility of generating erosion/deposition hazard maps which, combined with a vulnerability map, can be useful to environmental decision-makers and planners in identifying areas at risk from erosion and deposition
Ben, Salah Fatma. „Modélisation et simulation à base de règles pour la simulation physique“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe physical simulation of deformable objects is at the core of several computer graphics applications. In this context, we are interested in the creation of a framework, that combines a topological model, namely Generalized Maps, with one or several mechanical models, for the physical animation of deformable meshed objects that can undergo topological modifications such as tearing or fractures.To obtain a general framework, we chose to rely on graph manipulation and transformation rules, proposed by the JERBOA software. This environment provided us with fast prototyping facilities for different mechanical models. It allowed us to precisely define how to store mechanical properties in the topological description of a mesh and simulate its deformation in a topologically-based manner for interaction computation and force distribution. All mechanical properties are stored in the topological model without any external structure.This framework is general. It allows for the simulation of 2D or 3D objects, with different types of meshes, including non homogeneous ones. It also allowed for the simulation of several, continuous or discrete, mechanical models with various properties of homogeneity and isotropy. Furthermore, different methods to simulate topological modifications have been implemented in the framework. They include both the selection of a criterion to trigger topological modifications and a transformation type. Our approach also managed to reduce the number of updates of the mechanical model after tearing / fracture
Sillam, Kevin. „Gravure dynamique : visualisation par modèle physique pour l'animation et les réalités virtuelles“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENS039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMass – Interaction physical modeling is a powerful formalism for the simulation of various dynamic behaviors and for the production of expressive, rich and complex motions. However, there is an inherent matter of this type of formalism for animation production, which resides on the fact that masses have no spatiality. Thus, it is difficult to produce animation sequences directly from rendering mass point describing the movement. It is then necessary to develop methods that extend the masses spatiality in order to complete the animation process. ICA Laboratory addressed the problem with a method based on the physical simulation of interaction between these masses and a dynamic milieu, according to the metaphor of engraving. We present in this document an extension of this method notably towards 3D and other effects. Besides, the parallel implementation on Graphic Cards (GPU) allowed obtaining real time simulation. An interactive graphical interface was also developed to facilitate the creation of different models. We used this process in multi-sensory interactive art installations for its rich and dynamic ability to create shape from motion and interact in real time with spectators
Rousseau, Marine. „Transport préférentiel de particules dans un sol non saturé : de l'expérimentation en colonne lysimétrique à l'élaboration d'un modèle à base physique“. Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZammit, Christian. „Analyse et évaluation des paramètres des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques des sols : prédiction par un modèle analytique à base physique à partir de données texturales“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChevalier, Alexis. „Etude expérimentale, élaboration et modélisation de matériaux composites à base de poudres magnétiques douces“. Brest, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGatel, Laura. „Construction et évaluation d'un modèle de transport de contaminants réactif couplé surface-subsurface à l'échelle du versant“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePesticide use on agricultural surfaces leads to a broad surface and subsurface water contamination in France. Awaiting a deep agricultural practices evolution and a sustained fall of the pesticide use, it is of interest to limit transfers form agricultural fields to rivers. In order to constrain those transfers, a deepen knowledge of processes at stake and their potential interactions is necessary, as well as taking full advantages of fields observations.The aim of this PhD is the reactive transfer processes integration in the Hydrological physically-based model CATHY (CATchment HYdrology) which simulates surface-subsurface coupled water flow and advectiv solute transport in three dimensions and in variably saturated situations. Linear adsorption and first order decay are implemented in subsurface. A mixing modules is added, and evens the concentration between surface runoff and subsurface first layer. This module simulates the solute mobilisation from soil to surface runoff. The water flow surface-subsurface coupling procedure is very accurate in CATHY, and the transport coupling procedure is improve in order to respect the mass conservation.The model is first evaluated on subsurface transfer laboratory experimentation data at a small scale (2 m long, o.5 m wide, 1 m deep). Results are compared to mass flux evolution in time and a Morris sensitivity analysis is conducted. The model is able to acceptably reproduce observation, and properly after a slight calibration. Horizontal and vertical saturated conductivities, porosity and the $n$ parameter of retention curve significantly influence hydrodynamics and solute transport. As a second step, the model is evaluated on data from a field wine hillslope on an intense rain event, therefore in a context with a lot of surface-subsurface interactions. A global sensitivity analysis is conducted and highlights same parameters as the Morris method. Interactions between parameters highly influence the variability of hydrodynamic and solute transfer outputs. Mass conservation is accurate despite the complexity of the context.The resulting model meets the objectives, its evaluation is strong even if its theoretically only valid in the precise context in which the evaluations where conducted. The model is robust and able to reproduce observed data. Some complementary processes are still missing in the model to properly represent transfer ways at the hillslope scale, such as subsurface preferential transfers and surface sedimentary transport
Berthier, Emmanuel. „Contribution a une modelisation hydrologique a base physique en milieu urbain : elaboration du modele et premiere evaluation“. Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTsekpuia, Eyram. „Développement et implémentation numérique d’un modèle d’homogénéisation élastoviscoplastique à base microstructurale pour des aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0356.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCast duplex austeno-ferritic stainless steels are used in primary loop of Pressurised Water Reactors. They offer a good combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, at service conditions (about 320°C) and during long times of exposure (more than 10 000 h), the ferrite phase embrittles. This is due to a well-known phenomenon called ‘475°C embrittlement'. The mechanical resistance of the material is then strongly affected. A precise prediction of this embrittlement requires a good estimate of the stresses and strains in the phases is necessary. Regarding the microstructure of this material, four scales of interest can be pointed out: monocrystalline laths of each phase (1), the laths clusters (2), a ferritic primary grain called “bicrystal” (3) and “poly-bicrystals” representing the macroscopic scale : agregate of primary grains (4). At the third scale, the two phases are bipercolated and tend to have some crystallographic orientations relationships such as Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS), Pitsch and Nishiwama-Wasserman. This scale represents the complexity of the microstructure of this material and the main challenge for the scale transitions. In this present work, at scale 1, the behavior of single crystals for the two phases is modeled using the Méric-Cailletaud's crystal plasticity law. Then, at the second scale, a laminate austenite/ferrite structure modelling the morphology of the lath clusters (2) is developed with {110}-type habit planes in the ferrite and a KS orientation relationship between the two phases, following EBSD data and analyses. At the third scale, the microstructure of the “bicrystal” corresponding (3), is then modelled as an aggregate of 24 spherical domains containing the two-phase lamellar structures corresponding to the 24 KS variants. The self-consistent (SC) scheme is used via the homogenized translated field (TF) method to obtain the homogenized behavior at this scale. Here, the same method of translated fields is applied to predict the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the poly-bicrystal. At the two intermediate scales, EBSD data and analyses are used to physically feed the multi-scale model. The new model gives the stress and strain states in ferrite and austenite, as well as the average fields in the lath cluster and in the primary ferritic grain. The double scale transition strategy that we propose in this thesis work is then better suited to the complex microstructure of AF steels compared to previous models applied to the material. In this work, the elastoviscoplastic SC scheme based on the TF method has been implemented with the help of the MFront code generator in order to perform finite elements calculations through code_aster, the solver of EDF R&D
Jeannot, Benjamin. „Modélisation hydrologique intégrée de bassins versants fortement transitoires : développement d'outils numériques et applications“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis works aims at contributing to the development and application of a pre-existing integrated hydrological model (Pan et al., 2015; Weill et al., 2017) : Normally Integrated Model (NIM). The specificity of this model is to perform an integration of the 3D groundwater flow equation over the direction perpendicular to the substratum of the aquifer, so that the problem becomes 2D. It results in a substantial gain both in calculation time and required memory. During this thesis, NIM has been fully rewritten and optimized. Besides, a 2D overland flow module has been implemented, which enabled to apply the model in real cases on two distinct watersheds. Furthermore, the validity of NIM simulations and their efficiency as regards computation times have been assessed on numerous synthetic test cases
Brogly, Maurice. „Effet des interactions acide-base sur les propriétés de volume et d'interface d'adhésifs thermofusibles modèles“. Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbadie, Lana. „Une approche "autonomic" pour la configuration d'une expérience PHE (Physique des Hautes Energies) appliquée à LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty)“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066329.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWinkler, Christophe. „Expérimentation d'algorithmes de calcul de radiosité à base d'ondelettes“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL071N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarambois, Pierre-André. „Etude régionale des crues éclair de l'arc méditerranéen français. Elaboration de méthodologies de transfert à des bassins versants non jaugés“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0102/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClimate and orography in the Mediterranean region tend to promote intense rainfalls, particularly in autumn. Storms often hit steep catchments. Flood quickness only let a very short time lapse for forecasts. Peak flow intensity depends on the great variability of rainfalls and catchment characteristics. As a matter of facts, observation networks are not adapted to these small space-time scales and event severity often affects data fiability when they exist thus the notion of ungauged catchment emerges. Regionalization in hydrology seeks to determine hydrological variables at locations where these data lack. This work contributes to pose the bases of a methodology adapted to transpose parameterizations of a flash flood dedicated distributed hydrologic model from gauged catchments to ungauged ones, and for a large study area. The MARINE distributed hydrologic model is used [Roux et al., 2011], its originality lies in the automatically differentiated adjoint model able to perform calibrations and spatial-temporal sensitivity analysis, in order to improve understanding in flash flood generating mechanisms and real time data assimilation for hydrometeorological forecasts. MARINE sensitivity analysis addresses the question of physical process understanding. A large panel of hydrologic behaviours is explored. General catchment behaviours are highlighted for the study area [Garambois et al., 2012a]. Selected flood events and a multiple events calibration technique help to extract catchment parameter sets. Those parameterizations are tested on validation events. A variance decomposition method leads to parameter temporal sensitivity analysis. It enables better understanding in catching dynamics of physical processes involved in flash floods formation [Garambois et al., 2012c]. Parameterizations are then transfered from gauged catchments with hydrologic similarity to ungauged ones with a view to develop real time flood forecasting
Bardenet, Rémi. „Contributions à l'apprentissage et l'inférence adaptatifs : Applications à l'ajustement d'hyperparamètres et à la physique des astroparticules“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoliner, Marion. „Effects of lattice distortions on low-dimensional strongly correlated systems“. Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/MOLINER_Marion_2009.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the effects of phonons, in the adiabatic limit, on low-dimensional strongly-correlated systems. In a first part, we focus on spin systems in the classical limit (large S). We study the frustrated J1 − J2 chain coupled with lattice distortions and under an applied magnetic field. By means of analytical and numerical (Monte-Carlo) methods, we show that, for a wide range of the spin-lattice coupling, a magnetization plateau at 1/3 of the saturated magnetization is stabilized. We then study the two-dimensional frustrated Shastry-Sutherland lattice. Amagnetization pseudo-plateau is found at 1/3 of the saturatedmagnetization for nonzero temperature. Classical spin-waves and Monte-Carlo simulations show that this pseudoplateau is due to the entropic selection of a particular collinear configuration through the Order by Disorder effect. By means of Monte-Carlo simulations, we obtain a phase diagram in the planemagnetic field versus temperature. The second part is dedicated to the quarter-filled Hubbard chain. Both Holstein (on-site) and Peierls distortions are considered. We derive a bosonic Hamiltonian in the low-energy limit by means of the bosonization technique. We includemore harmonics in the bosonic expansion of the fermionic fields and showthat the lattice coupling couples the spin and charge degrees of freedom. We qualitatively recover tetramerized and dimerized phases that were obtained in previous numerical works
Hong, Yi. „Modélisation distribuée à base physique du transfert hydrologique des polluants routiers de l’échelle locale à l’échelle du quartier“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the increasing use of separate stormwater systems causes a frequent transport of urban pollutants into receiving water bodies (lakes, rivers). However, current studies still lack of the knowledge of urban build-up and wash-off processes. In order to address urban management issues, better understanding of physical mechanism is required not only for the urban surfaces, but also for the sewer systems. In this context, the modelling of hydrological transfer of urban pollutants can be a valuable tool.This thesis aims to develop and assess the physically-based and distributed models to simulate the transport of traffic-related pollutants (suspended solids, hydrocarbons, heavy metals) in urban stormwater runoffs. This work is part of the ANR "Trafipollu" project, and benefit from the experimental results for model calibration and validation. The modelling is performed at two scales of the urban environment: at the local scale and at the city district scale.At the local scale of urban environment, the code FullSWOF (second-order finite volume scheme) coupled with Hairsine and Rose model (1992a; 1992b) and detailed monitoring surveys is used to evaluate urban wash-off process. Simulations over different rainfall events represent promising results in reproducing the various dynamics of water flows and particle transfer on the urban surfaces. Spatial analysis of wash-off process reveals that the rainfall-driven impacts are two orders of magnitude higher than flow-drive effects. These findings contribute to a significant improvement in the field of urban wash-off modelling. The application of soil erosion model to the urban context is also an important innovation.At the city district scale, the second step consists of coupling the TREX model (Velleux, England, et al., 2008) and the CANOE model, named "TRENOE" platform. By altering different options of model configurations, the adequate numerical precision and the detailed information of landuse data are identified as the crucial elements for achieving acceptable simulations. Contrarily, the high-resolution topographic data and the common variations of the water flow parameters are not equally significant at the scale of a small urban catchment. Moreover, this coupling showed fundamental problems of the model structure such as the numerical scheme of the overland flow (only 4 directions), and the empirical USLE equations need to be completed by raindrop detachment process.To address these shortcomings, the LISEM - SWMM platform is developed by coupling the open-source LISEM model (De Roo, Wesseling, et al., 1996), which is initially developed for soil erosion simulations, and the SWMM model (Rossman, 2010). For the first time, the hydrological model is also supported by the simulations of atmospheric dry deposits of fine particles (PM10), hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The performance of water flow and TSS simulations are satisfying with the calibrated parameters. Considering the hydrocarbons and heavy metals contents of different particle size classes, simulated event mean concentration of each pollutant is comparable to local in-situ measurements. Although the platform at current stage still needs improvements in order to adapt to the operational applications, the present modelling approach contributes to an innovative technology in the field of modelling of hydrological transfer of the traffic-related pollutants in urban environment
Bessière, Hélène. „Assimilation de données variationnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues à cinétique rapide“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. https://hal.science/tel-04426689.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntense flash floods, produced by severe thunderstorms, represent the most destructive hazard in the Mediterranean region. Human lives and properties are increasingly exposed to flood risks. Therefore, there is a clear need to improve real-time monitoring and flood forecasting. The HydroEco research group at IMFT (Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse) developed the MARINE model (Modélisation de l'Anticipation du Ruissellement et des Inondations pour des évéNements Extrêmes), a distributed physically-based model, in order to forecast this kind of flood. A data assimilation process called the adjoint state method is implemented into the MARINE model. The principle of the adjoint method is to consider input parameters as control variables and optimize them by minimizing a cost function measuring the discrepancy between observations and model simulations. The procedure is tested on the Mediterranean Gardon d'Anduze catchment. A previous sensitivity analysis allows identifying the most sensitive parameters in order to avoid the “non-uniqueness problem” and overparameterization. Then a first application of the adjoint method aims at calibrating the model. The method enables to evaluate the model performance and contributes to either the validation of physical hypothesis or perspectives for the model structure improvements. A consistent set of parameters, in accordance with results achieved with a Monte-Carlo procedure, is then identified and simulated hydrographs are limited into a reduced range of uncertainties. The second application of the method is dedicated to flash flood forecasting. The first strategy employed is to use outlet flow information during the rising flood phase to estimate the peak. The second strategy employed is to use information of intermediate upstream gauging stations to predict the outlet flow. Both strategies allow anticipating, a few hours in advance, the peak which is crucial from an operational point of view
Bessière, Hélène. „Assimilation de données variationnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues à cinétique rapide“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7761/1/bessiere1.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHong, Yi. „Modélisation distribuée à base physique du transfert hydrologique des polluants routiers de l’échelle locale à l’échelle du quartier“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1106/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the increasing use of separate stormwater systems causes a frequent transport of urban pollutants into receiving water bodies (lakes, rivers). However, current studies still lack of the knowledge of urban build-up and wash-off processes. In order to address urban management issues, better understanding of physical mechanism is required not only for the urban surfaces, but also for the sewer systems. In this context, the modelling of hydrological transfer of urban pollutants can be a valuable tool.This thesis aims to develop and assess the physically-based and distributed models to simulate the transport of traffic-related pollutants (suspended solids, hydrocarbons, heavy metals) in urban stormwater runoffs. This work is part of the ANR "Trafipollu" project, and benefit from the experimental results for model calibration and validation. The modelling is performed at two scales of the urban environment: at the local scale and at the city district scale.At the local scale of urban environment, the code FullSWOF (second-order finite volume scheme) coupled with Hairsine and Rose model (1992a; 1992b) and detailed monitoring surveys is used to evaluate urban wash-off process. Simulations over different rainfall events represent promising results in reproducing the various dynamics of water flows and particle transfer on the urban surfaces. Spatial analysis of wash-off process reveals that the rainfall-driven impacts are two orders of magnitude higher than flow-drive effects. These findings contribute to a significant improvement in the field of urban wash-off modelling. The application of soil erosion model to the urban context is also an important innovation.At the city district scale, the second step consists of coupling the TREX model (Velleux, England, et al., 2008) and the CANOE model, named "TRENOE" platform. By altering different options of model configurations, the adequate numerical precision and the detailed information of landuse data are identified as the crucial elements for achieving acceptable simulations. Contrarily, the high-resolution topographic data and the common variations of the water flow parameters are not equally significant at the scale of a small urban catchment. Moreover, this coupling showed fundamental problems of the model structure such as the numerical scheme of the overland flow (only 4 directions), and the empirical USLE equations need to be completed by raindrop detachment process.To address these shortcomings, the LISEM - SWMM platform is developed by coupling the open-source LISEM model (De Roo, Wesseling, et al., 1996), which is initially developed for soil erosion simulations, and the SWMM model (Rossman, 2010). For the first time, the hydrological model is also supported by the simulations of atmospheric dry deposits of fine particles (PM10), hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The performance of water flow and TSS simulations are satisfying with the calibrated parameters. Considering the hydrocarbons and heavy metals contents of different particle size classes, simulated event mean concentration of each pollutant is comparable to local in-situ measurements. Although the platform at current stage still needs improvements in order to adapt to the operational applications, the present modelling approach contributes to an innovative technology in the field of modelling of hydrological transfer of the traffic-related pollutants in urban environment
Salze, Paul. „Activité sportive et mobilité quotidienne chez les adolescents : un modèle à bas d'agents pour explorer le rôle du cadre de vie dans les dynamiques socio-spatiales des pratiques“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992811.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNicolas, André. „Etude de l'Evolution Physico-Chimique du Substrat lors de l'Oxydation à Haute Température des Alliages Modèle Ni-Cr à Faible Teneur en Chrome et de l'Alliage Modèle Ni-16Cr-9Fe“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848591.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYahia, Jamal Charles. „Validation d'un modèle physique de prévision de la température de surface du revêtement de la chaussée : intégration de données in situ et de prévisions à moyenne échéance pour l'élaboration d'informations en météorologie routière hivernale“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/68/88/06/PDF/2006CLF21645.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYahia, Jamal Charles. „Validation d'un modèle physique de prévision de la température de surface du revêtement de la chaussée : intégration de données in situ et de prévisions à moyenne échéance pour l'élaboration d'informations en météorologie routière hivernale“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBernal, Caroline. „Promotion des comportements actifs chez des enfants d’école primaire issus d’un quartier défavorisé : mise en place et évaluation d’une intervention multi-leviers basée sur le modèle socio-écologique et effets de l’activité physique sur les capacités attentionnelles“. Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the most promising strategies to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary time (ST) of the children is the implementation of school-based interventions. This work had 4 main objectives: 1) To analyse PA and ST of 8-to-11 year-old children during different periods of the day in France and in Spain; 2) To construct and evaluate the effectiveness of a duplicated school-based intervention designed to active behaviours of 6-to-10-years-old children of a disadvantaged neighbourhood; 3) To analyse the experiences of the teachers during this intervention; 4) To explore the relationships between PA, motor skills and attentional capacities for children. Positives effects have occurred before the intervention in each school and have been maintained at post-intervention (p<0.05). Attentional capacities were predicted by motors skills, including coordination of the upper limb. Thus, this work provides new directions in the advancement of PA promotion
Jaber, Chafic. „Modélisation de haut niveau de systèmes intégrés et estimation de performances : application à une implémentation multi-processeurs de la couche physique d’une station de base LTE“. Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00673731.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe impressive advances in both fields of semiconductors and software engineering enabled modern System-on-Chip “SoC“ to hostcomplex and interdependent applications. These advances are coupled with higher systems complexity and heterogeneity. Thus, forcing designers to re-evaluate their design methodologies and to raise the level of abstraction to the system level targeting the co-design of the entire SoC rather than just individual components. The objective of this Thesis work is to provide the system designer with means (on the methodology and tools levels) to estimate system’s performances and evaluate rapidly and very early the design decisions in the SoC design flow. Our work provides contributions in two main aspects: (1)On the Conceptual Level, we defined (using the UML meta-modeling concepts) modeling concepts to estimate shared resources impact on system’s overall performances, by introducing the “virtual node” concept for scheduling and shared resources access control. Furthermore, we introduced the ”Communication Pattern” concept for modeling the interaction between architecture elements to ensure the orthogonalization of computation and communication concerns. (2)On the Simulation Level: A SystemC simulator was written to simulate the UML models. Simulation is done at a high level of abstraction and runs faster than real time execution. The usability and capabilities of our approach are shown with an industrial use case. We modeled a Freescale multi-core DSP platform for LTE base stations (LTE stands for Long Term Evolution is the 4G standard for cellular networks). The comparison of modeling results with implementation proved the accuracy of our approach
PROVENDIER-AUBOURG, VALERIE. „Bases physiques d'un modele de comportement viscoplastique pour un superalliage base nickel“. Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMugny, Gabriel. „Simulation et modèles prédictifs pour les nanodispositifs avancés à canaux à base de matériaux alternatifs“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD work aims at contributing to the development of numerical tools for advanced device simulation including alternative materials (InGaAs and SiGe). It is a collaboration work, between the industry (STMicroelectronics--Crolles) and research institutes (CEA--Grenoble and IEMN--Lille). The modeling of advanced low-power MOSFET devices is investigated with predictive, but efficient tools, that can be compatibles with an industrial TCAD framework. The study includes different aspects, such as: i) the electronic properties of bulk materials and nanostructures, with tools ranging from atomistic tight-binding and empirical pseudo-potential to effective mass model; ii) the electrostatic properties of III-V Ultra-Thin Body and bulk MOSCAPs; iii) the transport properties (low-field effective mobility and saturation velocity) of thin films and nanowires; iv) the simulation of template 14nm FDSOI devices in linear and saturation regime. This work makes use of a broad variety of approaches, models and techniques. Physical-based tools are developed, allowing to improve the predictive power of TCAD models for advanced devices with short-channel length and alternative channel materials
Beaufort, Aurélien. „Modélisation physique de la température des cours d'eau à l'échelle régionale : application au bassin versant de la Loire“. Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work corresponds to the development of two physically based modeling approaches based on the equilibrium temperature concept to simulate the stream temperature at the Loire basin scale (105 km²). The performances of these two approaches are analyzed with hourly temperatures provided by the national thermal network associated with rivers (RNT), set up by the ONEMA in 2008. A first part focuses on the study of the 0D approach which solves the heat budget at the local scale. This approach has been tested with a simplified discretization by Strahler order and then with a discretization at the hydrographical reach scale. They simulated accurately hourly and daily temperatures for large rivers where the upstream influence becomes limited. The second part focuses on the approach by propagation based on a network topology in order to integrate the upstream-downstream propagation of the thermal signal with high spatial and temporal resolution at a regional scale which improves performances of rivers located near headwaters and to well reproduces the dynamics of longitudinal thermal profiles for large rivers
Esper, Alexandre. „Etude et réductiοn des dérives en température aux basses fréquences des magnétοmètres à haute sensibilité à base de Μagnetο-Ιmpédance Géante (ΜΙG) : réduction des fluctuations l'offset en température“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) effect is manifested by a strong variation in the impedance of a ferromagnetic conductor when an alternating current flows through it and it is submitted simultaneously to a variable magnetic field. Over the last few years, numerous research activities have been devoted to improving the field sensitivity of these devices. The values reached today make it possible to produce a very high sensitive magnetometer. However, only a few studies have investigated the temperature effects on the GMI material and its long-term stability. My thesis presents a detailed study of the temperature sensitivity of GMI magnetometers, and we proposed some methods to remedy the fluctuations induced by the temperature variation. Based on a theoretical model, an analytic study of the offset fluctuations generated by the temperature variations was carried out. This model takes into account the physic mechanisms involved when a temperature variation occurs, supposed to be the magnetic permeability and the electrical resistivity. From this modeling, a compensation technique for the different modes of operation has been proposed. Subsequently, a magnetometer prototype based on off-diagonal GMI wire was implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The latter injects a double current modulation in the GMI sensitive element. The experimental results were compared to the classical configuration (simple modulation) and to the expected values. They show, on the one hand, the efficiency of this technique and, on the other hand, the coherence of the obtained results. A significant reduction in the GMI offset drift depending on temperature has been achieved, especially at very very low frequencies (< 10- 3 Hz) with a drift of - 1.8 nT/K for a temperature variation of 24 K, and a drift of 130 pT/h over 12 hours of acquisition
Bardenet, Rémi. „Towards adaptive learning and inference : applications to hyperparameter tuning and astroparticle physics“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInference and optimization algorithms usually have hyperparameters that require to be tuned in order to achieve efficiency. We consider here different approaches to efficiently automatize the hyperparameter tuning step by learning online the structure of the addressed problem. The first half of this thesis is devoted to hyperparameter tuning in machine learning. After presenting and improving the generic sequential model-based optimization (SMBO) framework, we show that SMBO successfully applies to the task of tuning the numerous hyperparameters of deep belief networks. We then propose an algorithm that performs tuning across datasets, mimicking the memory that humans have of past experiments with the same algorithm on different datasets. The second half of this thesis deals with adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, sampling-based algorithms that explore complex probability distributions while self-tuning their internal parameters on the fly. We start by describing the Pierre Auger observatory, a large-scale particle physics experiment dedicated to the observation of atmospheric showers triggered by cosmic rays. The models involved in the analysis of Auger data motivated our study of adaptive MCMC. We derive the first part of the Auger generative model and introduce a procedure to perform inference on shower parameters that requires only this bottom part. Our model inherently suffers from label switching, a common difficulty in MCMC inference, which makes marginal inference useless because of redundant modes of the target distribution. After reviewing existing solutions to label switching, we propose AMOR, the first adaptive MCMC algorithm with online relabeling. We give both an empirical and theoretical study of AMOR, unveiling interesting links between relabeling algorithms and vector quantization
Arnoux, Michaël. „Etude du comportement en fluage à haute température du superalliage monocristallin à base de nickel MCNG : Effet d'une surchauffe“. Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445811.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrun, Yannis. „Corrélations dans les systèmes quantiques inhomogènes à une dimension“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne-dimensional quantum systems have long been seen as simple toy-models but are nowadays often realized in ultracold atoms experiments. In those experiments the confining potential creates a spatial inhomogeneity. This breaks the translation invariance which plays a key role in exact analytical solutions as the Bethe Ansatz. In this thesis, we propose an effective theory generalizing the Luttinger liquid approach for inhomogeneous systems. In this setup, the effective action lives in curved space. However, making the hypothesis of separation of scales allow to compute the action's parameters by using Bethe Ansatz. The problem can then be solved in flat space by using tools from conformal theory. This leads us to solving the inhomogeneous gaussian free field that gives access to all correlation functions of the model under investigation. Here we focus on the Lieb-Liniger model. Our results are tested against DMRG simulations
Nafa, Lila. „Etude de diodes lasers à base de GaAsSb/GAInAs/GaAs sur substrat de GaAs pour une émission à 1,3 "mu"m“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBabataheri, Avin. „Cils artificiels : modèle physique pour la propulsion ciliée“. Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566532.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrun, Yannis. „Corrélations dans les systèmes quantiques inhomogènes à une dimension“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0094/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne-dimensional quantum systems have long been seen as simple toy-models but are nowadays often realized in ultracold atoms experiments. In those experiments the confining potential creates a spatial inhomogeneity. This breaks the translation invariance which plays a key role in exact analytical solutions as the Bethe Ansatz. In this thesis, we propose an effective theory generalizing the Luttinger liquid approach for inhomogeneous systems. In this setup, the effective action lives in curved space. However, making the hypothesis of separation of scales allow to compute the action's parameters by using Bethe Ansatz. The problem can then be solved in flat space by using tools from conformal theory. This leads us to solving the inhomogeneous gaussian free field that gives access to all correlation functions of the model under investigation. Here we focus on the Lieb-Liniger model. Our results are tested against DMRG simulations
Duc, Nguyen Manh. „Approche électronique de l'ordre local dans les alliages à base de métaux de transition“. Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'Huillier, Clement. „Etude de l'impact de supplémentations en acides aminés dans un modèle murin d'anorexie associé à une activité physique. Glutamine, but not branched-chain amino acids, restores intestinal barrier function during activity-based anorexia Influence of glutamine and branched-chain amino acids supplementation during refeeding in activity-based anorectic mice“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the main eating disorders described in DSM-V occurring in female population and characterized by a severe caloric restriction. AN is quite frequently associated with mood disorders, physical hyperactivity and functional digestive disorders. In addition, AN has the highest mortality rate among all mental disorders and high risk of relapse. The aim of this thesis was to assess the effects of amino acids oral supplementations as glutamine (Gln) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) mice model. ABA mice share some common features with AN patients as severe weight loss, physical hyperactivity and delayed gastric emptying. When supplied for seven days with Gln, paracellular permeability, total protein synthesis and mucin-2 mRNA level were restored in the ABA mice colon. However, no beneficial effect was found with BCAA which seemed decrease the colonic protein synthesis. Body weight and body composition were not affected by Gln or BCAA and we hypothesized that caloric supply was not enough to induce body weight gain. Thus, we aimed to test our hypothesis with a combination of a progressive refeeding and Gln or BCAA supplementation. Refeeding partially restored body weight and lean mass in ABA mice with a rebound of fat mass but Gln had no additional effect. Nevertheless, BCAA tended to increase fat mass, and then body weight, in comparison to refeeding alone. Plasma leptin was restored in refed mice, without an effect of amino acids supplementation, while only Gln normalized plasma triglycerides. BCAA supplementation tended to increase glycaemia and cholesterolemia. Here, we confirmed the beneficial effects of Gln in the colon observed in our first study. Gln amplified the effects of refeeding on colonic total protein synthesis, p70S6kinase phosphorylation and tight junction proteins as claudin-1 and occludin. Conversely, BCAA appeared to alleviate, or cancel, the benefits of refeeding on these parameters. Given these data, Gln is thought to be of interest in the optimization of refeeding products for anorectic patients and inhibitory effects of BCAA should be further studied
Mercenne, Alexis. „Réactions nucléaires dans le modèle en couches de Gamow et solutions de l’Hamiltonien d’appariemment basées sur le modèle rationnel de Gaudin“. Caen, 2016. http://hal.in2p3.fr/tel-01469139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoving towards drip lines, or higher in excitation energy, the continuum coupling becomes gradually more important, changing the nature of weakly bound states. In this regime, atomic nuclei are open quantum systems which can be conveniently described using the Gamow shell model (GSM) which offers a fully symmetric treatment of bound, resonance and scattering states. The understanding of specific nuclear properties is often improved by considering exactly solvable models, motivated by a symmetry of the many-body system. In the first part , we have generalized the rational Gaudin pairing model to include the continuous part of the single-particle spectrum, and then derived a reliable algebraic solution which generalizes the exact Richardson solution for bound states. These generalized Richardson solutions have been applied for the description of binding energies and spectra in the long chain of carbon isotopes. In the second part, we have formulated the reaction theory rooted in GSM. For that the GSM is expressed in the basis of reaction channels and generalized for multi-nucleon projectiles. This reaction theory respects the antisymmetrization of target and projectile wave functions, as well as the wave function of the combined system. The application of this theory have been presented for the reaction 14O(p,p’)14O, where the combined system 15F is a proton emitter, and for 40Ca(d,d)40Ca
Lenoir, Julien. „Modèle déformable 1D pour la simulation physique temps réel“. Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-187-188.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCertaines applications, comme la suture d'organe, mettent en jeu plusieurs modèles dynamiques liés ensemble. Pour ce type de simulation, nous proposons une architecture logicielle permettant de simuler des articulations d'objets quelconques (rigides ou déformables) quel que soit le formalisme physique employé pour chacun d'eux. Cette proposition logicielle trouve diverses applications notamment en simulation chirurgicale mais permet aussi de simuler dynamiquement toute articulation d'objets hétérogènes. Certaines manipulations requièrent une souplesse du modèle à des endroits précis, sachant que ces zones peuvent se déplacer lors d'une simulation, par exemple pendant le serrage d'un noeud. Pour cela, nous proposons une multirésolution géométrique et mécanique sur notre modèle qui vise à adapter localement sa résolution afin qu'il puisse s'adapter aux interactions tout en offrant des bonnes performances générales en calcul. On concentre alors le plus gros du temps de calcul sur les zones d'intérêt et on limite ce temps dans les autres zones du modèle. Un critère d'adaptation de la résolution en fonction de la courbure est proposé. Cette technique est particulièrement adaptée à la simulation de noeuds en permettant à la spline d'augmenter le nombre de degrés de liberté et ainsi en lui fournissant une grande souplesse de définition géométrique dans la zone de serrage
Bessoud, Agnès. „Analyse des interactions dans des alliages à base de métaux de transition“. Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCôté, Benoît. „Modèle de vents galactiques destiné aux simulations cosmologiques à grande échelle“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27873/27873.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmmari, Zied. „Théorie de la diffusion pour un modèle en théorie des champs quantiques : modèle de Nelson“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAl, Masri Nada. „Modèle d'Administration des Systèmes Distribués à Base de Composants“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKrichen, Moez. „Test de systèmes temps-réel à base de modèle“. Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe are interested in model-based testing for real-time systems. Specifically, we study two classes of problems, namely: (I) state identification problems and (II) black-box conformance testing. For state identification problems, we are given the model of a machine with an initial unknown state and we look for an experiment to apply on the machine to identify the initial unknown state or the final state to which the machine has moved after the experiment. For black-box conformance testing, we are given a model of the machine and we want to check whether the machine conforms to its model or not. Our framework is mainly based on the model of partially-observable, nondeterministic timed automata. We argue that partial observability and non-determinism are essential features for ease of modeling, expressiveness and implementability. The framework allows the user to define, through appropriate modeling, assumptions on the environment of the system under test (SUT) as well as on the interface between the tester and the SUT. Before solving state identification problems for timed automata, we study these problems for the case of finite state transducers (FST). FST is an extension of the Mealy machine model. We show that these problems are undecidable for FST in general. We consider a subclass of FST, so-called, wait-synchronize transducers (WSFST) for which these problems are decidable. The first step to solve state identification problems for timed automata, consists in computing the time-abstracting bisimulation (TAB) quotient graph of the considered timed automaton. The second step is to transform this graph into a Mealy machine on which state-identification problems can be solved using existing techniques. For conformance testing, we consider two types of tests: analog-clock tests and digital-clock tests. Our algorithm to generate analog-clock tests is based on an on-the-fly determinization of the specification automaton during the execution of the test, which in turn relies on reachability computations. The latter can sometimes be costly, thus problematic, since the tester must quickly react to the actions of the system under test. Therefore, we provide techniques which allow analog-clock testers to be represented as deterministic timed automata, thus minimizing the reaction time to a simple state jump. We provide algorithms for static or on-the-fly generation of digital-clock tests. These tests measure time only with finite-precision, digital clocks, an essential condition for implementability. We propose a technique for location, edge and state coverage of the specification, by reducing the problem to covering a symbolic reachability graph. This avoids having to generate too many tests. We also propose digital-clock test generation techniques based on action refinement in order to reduce the size of generated tests. We report on a prototype tool TTG and four case studies: a lighting device, the Bounded Retransmission Protocol, the K9 Mars Rover (NASA) and the Dala Robot (LAAS)
Hosteins, Pierre. „Masse des neutrinos et physique au-delà du modèle standard“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGavazza, Giuseppe. „La synthèse par modèle physique comme outil de formalisation musicale“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhysical model synthesis offers an approach to composition alternative to the more usual signal processing. Considering the musical phenomenon as a "unicum" emerging from the interaction between the musicians and their instruments the physical model synthesis realizes and gives phenomenological and sensitive corporeality to the creative actions. By conceiving not as separate entities sound material and musical structure directs the potentialities of the computer and creates an original and fruitful dialectic between the formal (structural) and perceptual (cognitive).The sphere of action for my PhD concerns the development, formalisation and categorisation of structural models – created by physical modelling – useful for musical composition in the perspective to highlight the musical formalisation function associated with the CORDIS-ANIMA physical model simulation paradigm.The starting point for this work is 20 years of personal use as a composer, of the GENESIS physical model musical creation software developed by the ACROE-ICA laboratory.This experience has led me, through works both scientific (modelling) and artistic (music composition), to consider this environment not as a synthesis tool, but as a complex instrument, which allows to create a complete musical composition covering all three usual categories of acoustics and music: micro-formal (the tone, harmony, orchestration), mezzo-formal (the rhythm, melody, and the basic sequences/harmonic structures) and macro-formal (the higher level harmonic structure, the formal outline of the entire composition).My goal is not to propose the framework of a new music or a new aesthetic, but develop "well-tempered" instruments for a new practice of music creativity that explores and accomplishes better the potentialities of computer and digital technology. This also leads in the direction of broadening the dialectic instrumentality - writing music to a "supra instrumentality" [Cadoz6] and to post-scriptic outlook on musical creation [Cadoz7]
Anicic, Sylvia. „Du modèle de Kirchhoff-Love exact à un modèle de coque mince et à un modèle de coque pliée“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArhrib, Abdeslam. „Modèle standard supersymétrique minimal. Quelques aspects phénoménologiques“. Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlad, Xavier. „Synthèse et étude de la formation de pyramides et cônes de graphite par gravure en plasma radiofréquence argon/hydrogène“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0127/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbon occurs as many different allotropic forms. One in particular, graphite, exhibits a remarkable variety of geometrical configurations largely used in industrial applications. This work permitted the synthesis of a novel crystalline form: the hexagonal-pyramidal graphite hillocks. These submicronic structures are created from graphite substrates by low pressure Ar/H2 radiofrequency (rf) plasma etching. In order to understand the formation of these new crystals, plasma characterization has been carried out by Langmuir probes and laser absorption spectroscopy to check the surface temperature and estimate the ion fluxes and energies. Etching kinetics has been directly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical etching processes in pure hydrogen resulted in the creation of helical graphite cones whose crystal parameters and surface amorphisation have been revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The etching rate and surface topography as function of the gas mixture show a transition where no structures are created. The physical etching in pure argon creates hexagonal-pyramidal graphite hillocks. A formation model of these crystals has been proposed owing to a good knowledge of the different plasma conditions and thorough electron microscopy studies on two kinds of substrates. High resolution MET analyses showed graphene loops closing the edges planes along the crystal facets and related to the structure’s formation. We also showed the texturing of the surface of highly ordered graphite (HOPG) by creating a high and homogeneous density of crystals whose size may be controlled