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1
Arsenault, Daniel. „El Personaje del pie amputado en la cultura mochica del Peru: Un ensayo sobre la arqueologia del poder“. Latin American Antiquity 4, Nr. 3 (September 1993): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971790.
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ResumenEl estudio de la iconografía escatológica producida por los mochicas de la costa norte del Perú prehispánico (ca. 50 A.C.-750 D.C.) coloca en evidencia la presencia de diversos personajes lisiados, y más precisamente figurantes masculinos con un pie o los dos pies faltantes. ¿Cuál fue el significado ideológico y político de este elemento simbólico y su importancia en la dinámica del poder mochica? En las escenas que ilustran el mundo de los vivos, estos lisiados forman parte de un grupo, que he llamado “los Intendentes,” puesto al servicio del dirigente mochica. En las escenas del mundo de los muertos, un lisiado de apariencia esquelética (“el Esqueleto con prótesis”) parece igualmente servir al dirigente fallecido. Poniendo en relación estas representaciones con descubrimientos arqueológicos pertinentes, un análisis contextual permite liberar una figura simbólica mayor de la imaginativa de los mochicas, metonimia del orden social y político, que he llamado el “Personaje del pie amputado.” Pareciera que esta figura pudo simbolizar, a la vez en la iconografía y a la ocasión de ciertas prácticas rituales y de sacrificio, la perennidad de la estructura de poder, especialmente a partir de la fase III y posteriormente. Este tipo de análisis contextual permite estudiar desde un nuevo ángulo los elementos constitutivos de la estructura de poder mochica y da nuevas perspectivas para la comprehensión de la dinámica del poder en las sociedades complejas.
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Lieske, Bärbel. „LAS DIVINIDADES DE LA CULTURA MOCHICA“. Arqueología y Sociedad, Nr. 20 (31.12.2009): 305–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/arqueolsoc.2009n20.e12691.
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El presente trabajo pretende hacer un compendio de las representaciones del panteón mochica. El propósito era reconocer a las divinidades con sus características diferenciables, agruparlas, darles un nombre y presentarlas en imágenes seleccionadas, acompañadas de una descripción breve. Hasta el momento no se ha ofrecido un catálogo sistemático de esta naturaleza. El trabajo quiere formar la base para el manejo de las representaciones numinosas en el arte mochica. Las imágenes tratan de mostrar la variedad de las divinidades y quiere ayudar en la identificación de ellas. Ojalá que induzca a trabajos posteriores y al debate.
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Espino, David González. „ESTUDIO DE ROCAS ASOCIADAS A ESPACIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS MOCHICAS COMO APORTE AL SILABO CÁTEDRA SIPÁN 2020“. Hacedor - AIAPÆC 4, Nr. 1 (29.06.2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26495/rch.v4i1.1289.
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La investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar aportes de nuevas investigaciones arqueológicas referente al uso del material lítico en la cultura mochica para su inclusión en el silabo de Cátedra Sipán. A través del diseño teoría fundamenta (TF), y resultados del análisis de materiales en laboratorio a través del Equipo LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) se determina altos porcentajes de hierro en las rocas que pueden ser una alternativa de solución contra la anemia. Los resultados deben ser incluidos dentro del curso Catedra Sipán en razón de nuevos conocimientos sobre la cultura mochica como información útil de carácter preliminar para estudiantes de la Universidad Señor de Sipán.
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MoraC de Asmat, María del Socorro. „Luis Arias Vera (San Pedro de Lloc 21-8-1932 / Lima 8-10-2016)“. Illapa Mana Tukukuq, Nr. 13 (19.02.2019): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/illapa.v0i13.1892.
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La pintura peruana está de luto con el fallecimiento, este sábado 8 de octubre en Lima, de nuestro reconocido maestro y amigo: Luis Arias Vera a sus 84 años de edad. Nació en San Pedro de Lloc, en el norte del Perú, que es parte del territorio donde floreció una de las más grandes culturas precolombinas, la cultura Mochica. Realizó estudios en Buenos Aires, Argentina, en la Escuela de Bellas Artes “Ernesto de la Cárcova” y en el TallerRosa Frey.
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Castillo, Feren, Jair Rodriguez, Jessica Pérez, Karla Villanueva, Darwin Samaniego und Elvis Chávez. „El templo viejo de Huaca de la Luna (Perú): una aproximación desde la aplicación de la sintaxis espacial“. Arqueología de la Arquitectura, Nr. 17 (18.11.2020): e098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arq.arqt.2020.007.
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Este artículo muestra una primera aproximación de un edificio público religioso de la cultura mochica (s. I - IX d. C.), a través del uso de los análisis sintácticos como el análisis espacial, de percepción visual y de movimiento (herramientas tomadas de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura). El templo viejo de Huaca de la Luna está conformado por 14 espacios funcionales que engloban parte de un complejo religioso. Este templo fue un espacio arquitectónico muy bien diseñado y cumplió su rol hegemónico en una sociedad teocrática. Los resultados obtenidos respaldan lo supuesto y nos permiten reconocer los niveles de privacidad y jerarquización que tenía cada espacio construido.
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Beltrán-Neira, Roberto J. „Perú Centro de Culturas“. Revista Estomatológica Herediana 18, Nr. 1 (17.09.2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/reh.v18i1.1847.
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Cuando se examina el panorama cultural de América Precolombina, tres son los principales centros de civilización localizados en lo que actualmente son México, Guatemala y Perú.En Sudamérica, el desarrollo cultural estuvo concentrado en lo que hoy es el Perú, lo que lleva a preguntarnos cuáles fueron las condiciones que favorecieron el desarrollo de culturas de tan alto nivel como las de Chavín, Paracas y Huari, por ejemplo.La costa, árida en su mayor parte, con estrechos valles de aguas torrentosas, así como las alturas andinas, un territorio abrupto donde los espacios habitables interandinos se encuentran separados por altas montañas, no son al parecer las mejores condiciones para el fabuloso desarrollo cultural del antiguo Perú.Sin embargo, tanto en la costa como en la sierra y en la ceja de selva se han encontrado restos arqueológicos de comunidades que superaron las dificultades del terreno para hacerse de lugares aptos para la vida y la civilización. Es evidente que los hombres que lograron tales hazañas, incluyendo el desarrollo de las artes y la metalurgia; la domesticación de animales y vegetales; la construcción de sistemas de irrigación y andenería, fueron capaces de generar comunidades con alto grado de organización. La cumbre del desarrollo organizativo se dio en el Imperio de los Incas, que en su momento controló el actual territorio de Perú, Ecuador, Bolivia y parte de Argentina, Colombia y Chile, contando para ello con sus extensas vías de comunicación y un sistema de expansión basado en el principio de reciprocidad.Es interesante constatar cómo, ni la pampa, ni la selva amazónica, ni los climas tropicales del Caribe fueron lugares propicios para la aparición de grandes culturas. El hombre precolombino -que desde hace más de once mil años habitó el actual territorio del Perú- dejó huellas de organizacióninteligente y laboriosidad emprendedora.Las manifestaciones más tempranas que se conocen de la presencia humana en el Perú provienen de Lauricocha, 9,525 a. C.; Cerro Paloma, 6,000 a. C. y Kotosh, 4,200 a. C.El reciente descubrimiento de Caral, al norte de Lima, considerada como la primera ciudad del nuevo continente, tiene una antigüedad comprobada que la ubica en 2,627 a. C. Este descubrimiento ha dado nuevas luces sobre el desarrollo de las culturas que vinieron luego.La sucesión cronológica del desarrollo cultural en el antiguo Perú es como sigue:Chavín, 1,000 a. C.; Paracas, 500 a. C.; Cajamarca, 200 a. C. a 1,300 d. C.; Mochica, 100 a 600 d.C.; Nasca, 100 a 600 d. C.; Tiahuanacu, 200 a 1,000 d. C.; Huari, 700 a 1100 d. C.; Chimú, 1,100 a1,400 d. C.; Chachapoyas, 700 a 1,500 d. C. y la cultura Incaica, entre 1,200 y 1,500 d. C.Son once grandes culturas ubicadas en costa, sierra y selva alta del país. Numerosas formaciones regionales de menor ámbito se agregan a este impresionante panorama cultural.La Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia se siente heredera de los valores culturales de su pasado precolombino. Desde su fundación tiene al Perú como el objetivo de su dedicación, poniéndose al servicio de la educación y la salud de sus pueblos.Roberto J. Beltrán La figura del Mapa de las Culturas Precolombinas ha sido preparada en la oficina de Unidad de Recursos Tecnológicos (URT) de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano, tomando como fondo el mapa físico del Perú editado por el Instituto Geográfico Nacional.Reconocimientos:- Al Dr. Carlos Heredia Azerrad por la corrección de estilo- A la Srta. Diana Jave Castillo por la preparación gráfica del Mapa de las Culturas Precolombinas.Nota: Para mayor información sobre cada cultura puede consultar por su nombre en un buscador de Internet.
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Bawden, Garth. „Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture:Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture“. Museum Anthropology 19, Nr. 2 (September 1995): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.1995.19.2.116.
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Burger, Richard L., und Izumi Shimada. „Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture.“ Hispanic American Historical Review 76, Nr. 3 (August 1996): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517830.
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Topic, John R., und Izumi Shimada. „Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture.“ Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034640.
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Burger, Richard L. „Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture“. Hispanic American Historical Review 76, Nr. 3 (01.08.1996): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-76.3.554.
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Del Solar, Nino, Rémy Chapoulie und Luis Jaime Castillo. „Chronologie mochica : une nouvelle synthèse“. Journal de la société des américanistes 101, Nr. 101-1 et 2 (31.12.2015): 233–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.14338.
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Correa-Trigoso, Denis E. „Presencia de paleopatologías en las representaciones mochica: Un estudio de la colección cerámica del Museo Larco“. Horizonte de la Ciencia 6, Nr. 12 (01.07.2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26490/uncp.horizonteciencia.2017.12.311.
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<p align="justify">El análisis se basa en la colección de cerámica del museo Larco, con filiación al periodo cultural mochica y asociada con el grupo determinado como cerámica con patologías. Empleando el reconocimiento visual de las representaciones en las vasijas es que se logró determinar la presencia de 17 tipos de paleo patologías representadas en la cerámica mochica, agrupadas en enfermedades congénitas, adquirida, de origen múltiple y alteraciones corporales. Al conocer la naturaleza de los padecimientos y la recurrencia de cada una de las representaciones nos indicaría que representaciones tuvo mayor presencia en el imaginativo del poblador mochica, de igual esta comprensión vale para reconocer el nivel de conocimiento de la anatomía que tuvieron los artesanos al momento de plasmar de manera realista los padecimientos. Además se relacionó las áreas geográficas donde las representaciones fueron frecuentes y con la naturaleza de cada paleopatologías, lográndose definir que el poblador mochica estuvo expuesto a padecimientos locales y foráneos.</p>
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Goepfert, Nicolas. „New zooarchaeological and funerary perspectives on Mochica culture (a.d. 100–800), Peru“. Journal of Field Archaeology 37, Nr. 2 (Mai 2012): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0093469012z.00000000010.
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Giersz, Miłosz, und Patrycja Prządka-Giersz. „Variabilidad y personalidad iconográfica de las deidades antropomorfas mochica: una aproximación estadística“. Estudios Latinoamericanos 25 (31.12.2005): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios2005.v25.art9.
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The article was originally published without abstract. Short description by editorial team:
The article debates the statistics of iconographic diversity and figures in anthropomorphic representations of Moche deities. Important hypotheses on Moche art were suggested before by Christopher Donnan, who argued that Moche iconography is based on a very strict cultural code – every element is carefully planned and was meaningful. This was opposed by Krzysztof Makowski. The aim of this research was to test these ideas using statistical analyses of set ceramics (figurative depictions). The results suggest that Moche iconography does not follow a strict code. While a few elements or attributes clearly relate with certain persons or deities, there is a great number of other elements that do not show such relations.
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DELVARE, GÉRARD, und JEAN-BERNARD HUCHET. „Brachymeria mochica, a new Neotropical species of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) discovered on the archaeological site of Huacas de Moche, Peru with a review of related species“. Zootaxa 4290, Nr. 1 (06.07.2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.1.2.
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Two parasitoid wasp species of the Brachymeria minuta species group are studied. The specimens were collected in Peru at the archaeological site of Huacas de Moche, the former capital of the Mochica culture between 400–600 A.D. Brachymeria mochica Delvare sp. nov. (Chalcididae) is described and illustrated while B. podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) is reviewed with an update of the nomenclature and a summary of knowledge regarding its hosts and biology. The morphology and biology of both species are newly defined and characterized. Brachymeria brevicornis (Klug, 1834) stat. rev., previously synonymized with B. minuta (Linnaeus, 1767), is re-established as a valid species and a lectotype is designated. The following names are synonymised with B. podagrica: Chalcis ferox Kieffer, 1905 and its variety C. ferox coxalis Kieffer, 1905, Chalcis spilopus Cameron, 1905, Chalcis capensis Cameron, 1905, Chalcis transvaalensis Cameron, 1911, Chalcis neglecta Masi, 1916, Chalcis sodalis Masi, 1917, Brachymeria Fonscolombei var. gananensis Masi, 1938, Chalcis vulcani Schmitz, 1946, and Brachymeria fonscolombei f. neglecta Masi, 1951 new synonymies. Brachymeria amenocles (Walker, 1846) stat. rev. is re-established as a valid species with Chalcis varipes Walker, 1871 and Brachymeria Beccarii Masi, 1929 as junior synonyms syn. rev. Lectotypes are designated for the above names except for C. sodalis and C. vulcani.
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Lastres, Juan B., und Fernando Cabieses. „La trepanación del cráneo en el antiguo Perú“. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 42, Nr. 3 (18.10.2014): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v42i3.8756.
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Los cráneos trepanados del Antiguo Perú, junto a las polícromas telas de Paracas, los bellos ceramios mochicas, las monias cuidadosamente enfardeladas y los artísticos vasos ceremoniales de plata y oro, constituyen el orgullo de los Museos nacionales y extranjeros. Son los mejores representantes de nuestra Patria, mudos y conspícuos embajadores que testimonian altas culturas desaparecidas.
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Prastika, Riana Rosa, Juju Masunah und Tati Narawati. „Pembelajaran Tari Topeng Mochi Melalui Metode Mind Mapping Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Budaya“. Gondang: Jurnal Seni dan Budaya 5, Nr. 1 (06.04.2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v5i1.19414.
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This study aims to improve the ability to understand culture through the Mochi Mask dance. The research method used experimental. The research sample of students of the Sagara dance studio, Sukabumi city. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using nonparametric statistics. Mochi mask is a type of dance that develops in the city of Sukabumi. This dance is inspired by the culinary culture of the city of Sukabumi, namely Mochi. Sanggar Sagara is one that provides material for Mochi Mask dance using the Mind Mapping method. This method is a treatment to improve the ability to understand culture. The results showed an increase in the ability to understand culture. This is indicated by the average pretest results of 66.00. and the post test results of 87.50. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the mind mapping method can improve the ability to understand culture. It is suggested that other studios can use the mind mapping method to improve their ability to understand culture.
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Vargas Hernández, José Guadalupe, Mario Guadalupe Zazueta Félix und Ernesto Guerra García. „Un modelo para medir la calidad en el servicio en una empresa local de pizza en Los Mochis, Sinaloa“. Oikos 14, Nr. 29 (25.06.2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07184670.29.1014.
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RESUMENEl modelo Servqual fue rediseñado en relación con el contexto de la empresa local MetroPizza, en Los Mochis, Sinaloa; el principal cambio fue la orientación, de lo visual, que corresponde más con el uso intensivo de la imagen de las franquicias transnacionales, a lo gustativo que representa la ventaja competitiva en las empresas locales que conocen el sabor en la cultura regional. Se analizaron las diferencias entre lo esperado y lo percibido en la calidad del servicio a través de las dimensiones propuestas por Zeithaml et al. Los resultados muestran en lo tangible, que los clientes esperan más el sabor que la imagen.Palabras clave: modelo Servqual, calidad en el servicio, empresa local de pizza A model to measure the quality in the service in a local company of pizza in Los Mochis, SinaloaABSTRACTThe Servqual model was redesigned in relation to the context of the local company MetroPizza, in Los Mochis, Sinaloa; the main change was the orientation of the visual that corresponds to the intensive use of the image of the transnacional franchises, to the taste, that represents a competitive advantage in local firms that know the flavor in the culture of regional. The differences between the expected, and perceived service quality were analyzed through the dimensions proposed by Zeithaml et al. The results show in the tangible, that customers expect more flavor than the image.Keywords: Servqual model, quality service, local pizza company
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Bolin, Inge. „Reviving Traditional Medicine in the Peruvian Andes“. Practicing Anthropology 18, Nr. 2 (01.04.1996): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.2.78547753232x1743.
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The use of medicinal plants and medical practices in the Andes is as old as Andean culture itself. Ancient Mochica pottery depicting curanderos dressed in splendid garments, holding parts of the potent San Pedro cactus in their hands, and bending over a patient suggest that healers have long held a prominent place in Andean society. The Incas built on the medical achievements of the societies preceding them, adding a diversity of practices such as trepanation and embalming which we know well from archaeological sites. In ancient times knowledge of herbs and healing methods was not monopolized by specialists but was widespread within the population at large. Where the help of a specialist was required, this service could be easily obtained and was either free of charge or much less costly than is today's modern medicine.
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Giuliato, Sandra. „L’empreinte symbolique des grenouilles et crapauds dans la culture Mochica du Pérou : de l’analyse iconographique à la portée sociale“. ELOHI, Nr. 7 (01.01.2015): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/elohi.503.
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de Risi, Luca. „Il carteggio Mochi-Loria. Primo bilancio del contributo di Aldobrandino Mochi all'etnografia italiana“. La Ricerca Folklorica, Nr. 32 (Oktober 1995): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1480000.
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Sardos, Nicola, Nino Del-Solar-Velarde, Rémy Chapoulie und Luis Jaime Castillo Butters. „Caractérisation physico-chimique de pigments de peintures murales mochica : San José de Moro (viiie-xe siècles apr. J.-C.)“. Journal de la société des américanistes 103, Nr. 103-1 (15.06.2017): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.15017.
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Lanselle, Rainier. „Psychanalyse et culture en Chine“. Monde chinois 37, Nr. 1 (2014): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.037.0150.
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Rodríguez-Burgos, Lilian Patricia, Jennifer Rodríguez-Castro, Sandra Milena Bojacá-Rodríguez, Dwrya Elena Izquierdo-Martínez, Allain Alexander Amórtegui-Lozano und Miguel Angel Prieto-Castellanos. „Knitting mochilas: A sociocultural, developmental practice in Arhuaco indigenous communities“. Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, Nr. 2 (31.05.2016): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1039.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the psycho-cultural processes involved in knitting “mochilas” (traditional bags), a common craft in the Arhuaco indigenous community located in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. The article is structured in three parts, as follows: first, issues related to child development are discussed; then, the analysis method used to study the processes involved in the practice of knitting is presented and, finally, we reflect on the importance of recovering the sense and meaning of this everyday practice as a way to study child development.
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Stiner, Mary C. „Palaeolithic mollusc exploitation at Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Italy): food and ornaments from the Aurignacian through Epigravettian“. Antiquity 73, Nr. 282 (Dezember 1999): 735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00065492.
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This study considers exploitation of marine molluscs at Riparo Mochi (Italy) in cultural and ecological context. Five shell assemblages from this site represent the early Upper Palaeolithic (c. 36,000 BP) through Late Epigravettian (c. 9000 BP) periods. Taphonomic analysis reveals four kinds of shell debris: ornaments, food refuse, marine sponge inclusions, and land snails. While human foraging agendas at Riparo Mochi shifted over the five Palaeolithic phases, the kinds of marine shells favoured as ornaments remained nearly constant.
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de Azeredo, Soraia Rodrigues, Roberto Cesareo, Angel Guillermo Bustamante Dominguez und Ricardo Tadeu Lopes. „X-ray computed microtomography for the structural analysis of jewelry from the Museum “Royal Tombs of Sipán”“. Powder Diffraction 35, S1 (24.08.2020): S38—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715620000524.
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Precious ornaments from the Museum Royal Tombs of Sipán were analyzed by X-ray computed microtomography (microCT). The ornaments analyzed were golden earrings produced by the Moche culture that flourished along the north coast of present-day Peru between approximately 100 and 600 AD. Sipán, also known as Huava Rajada, is a mochica archaeological complex in the north of Peru. In particular, the spectacular jewelry, mainly composed of gold, silver, and copper alloys, gilded copper, and tumbaga, from the Museum “Royal Tombs of Sipán,” in Lambayeque, north of Peru, are some of the most sophisticated metalworking ever produced of pre-Columbian America. A portable microCT system consisting of a high-resolution flat panel detector and a mini X-ray tube were used for the structural analysis of these ornaments. The microCT images show parts of the internal structure, highlighting the manufacturing technique and gold sheets joining techniques of the Moche artisans. Furthermore, the advantage of using the portable microCT system for nondestructive testing is clear when the sample cannot be taken to the laboratory.
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Roque, Céline, Emmanuel Vartanian, Pierre Guibert, Max Schvoerer, Daniel Lévine, Walter Alva und Hogne Jungner. „Recherche chronologique sur la culture mochica du Pérou : datation de la tombe du Prêtre de Sipán par thermoluminescence (TL) et par radiocarbone“. Journal de la société des américanistes 88, Nr. 88 (01.01.2002): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.2776.
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Chirán Caipe, Rosa Alba, und Marleny Burbano Hernández. „La dualidad andina del pueblo Pasto, principio filosófico ancestral inmerso en el tejido en guanga y la espiritualidad“. Plumilla Educativa 11, Nr. 1 (22.01.2013): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30554/plumillaedu.11.351.2013.
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Las culturas andinas aún conservan muchas de las tradiciones ancestrales las cuales se ven reflejadas en la arquitectura, mitos arte y principalmente en los tejidos, en los que subyace indiscutiblemente el arraigo en la forma de ser, pensar, sentir y actuar, es decir aprendizajes trasmitidos de generación en generación.Las artesanías son la expresión genuina de los ancestros y una alternativa de crecimiento y desarrollo económico, igualmente facilitan el desarroll de habilidades y destrezas.En el resguardo Indígena de Cumbal los tejidos artesanales en guanga con la utilización de lana de oveja, donde se fabrican: ruanas, cobijas, bufandas, mochilas, fajas, manillas, etc. Artefactos pertenecientes al patrimonio cultural de una región olvidada por el gobierno centralizado y mediante los cuales se busca perpetuar la historia, costumbres y tradiciones a través del tiempo.De esta forma, el pueblo Pasto ha laborado con el trascurso del tiempo la idiosincrasia, la cosmovisión y la apropiación de la simbología antigua, para lo cual el presente estudio, se dirige dentro de los métodos de investigación cualitativa, exactamente a través de los lineamientos de los estudios etnográficos, mediante los cuales se pueda escalrecer e interpretar las pautas de conductas mantenidas a través de las generaciones.
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Méniel, Patrice. „Goepfert Nicolas, Frayer la route d’un monde inversé. Sacrifice et offrandes animales dans la culture Mochica (100-800 apr. J.-C.), côte nord du Pérou“. Journal de la société des américanistes 98, Nr. 98-2 (31.12.2012): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.12429.
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Rodriguez, Milagros Elena. „La fotografía como creadora de la imagen de un destino turístico cultural sustentable en el Parque Nacional Mochima, Estado Sucre“. Revista Memória em Rede 10, Nr. 19 (02.02.2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/rmr.v10i19.14051.
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Bouvard, Julien. „L’internationalisation de la culture populaire japonaise et les paradoxes duCool Japan“. Monde chinois 42, Nr. 2 (2015): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.042.0084.
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Guantao, Jin, Liu Qingfeng und David Bartel. „Socialisme et tradition : Formation et développement de la culture politique chinoise moderne“. Monde chinois 43, Nr. 3 (2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.043.0025.
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Huang, Weishan. „The blissful enterprise: buddhist cultural turns in the workplace in contemporary Shanghai“. Monde chinois 45, Nr. 1 (2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.045.0046.
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Bawden, Garth. „Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture. Izumi Shimada. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1994. xv + 340 pp. 151 figures, 14 tables, notes, bibliography. $60.00 (cloth).“ Latin American Antiquity 7, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3537017.
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Wassouni, François. „Panorama du processus d'expansion de la culture chinoise au Cameroun entre 1976 et 2013“. Monde chinois 33, Nr. 1 (2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.033.0040.
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Neri, Corrado. „This Moment, Back then: retro imaginary, nostalgia and memories in contemporary Taiwan visual culture“. Monde chinois N°57, Nr. 1 (2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.057.0104.
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Guantao, Jin, Liu Qingfeng und David Bartel. „De l’influence de la structure profonde de la culture confucéenne sur la sinisation du marxisme“. Monde chinois 43, Nr. 3 (2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.043.0014.
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Heurtebise, Jean-Yves. „Civilisation écologique chinoise et croyances développementalistes : une analyse critique et comparée des projections idéologiques sur les liens entre environnement, économie et culture“. Monde chinois 56, Nr. 4 (2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mochi.056.0136.
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Cohen, Joseph, und Andrew S. Imada. „Ergonomic Evaluation in a Beverage and Food Service Application“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, Nr. 8 (September 2005): 832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900809.
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A global beverage and food company contracted the authors to evaluate the current store design to enhance speed of service and minimize the potential for employee injury. This assessment involved observations, interviews, physical measurements and link analyses at three high-volume locations in Southern California and three international stores in Singapore and Malaysia. The study examines two frequently performed tasks (preparation of café latte and mocha ice blended beverages). While the design was deemed to be adequate for the tasks performed, the analysis identified six areas for improvement. Further, the analysis included macroergonomic considerations for management control and organizational culture.
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harper, lisa. „Eating Ivy“. Gastronomica 6, Nr. 2 (2006): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.2.19.
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This essay is both celebration and portrait of the late Barton Rouse and his influential career as chef at the Terrace Club of Princeton University during the writer's undergraduate career. In the late 1980s and early 1990's Barton Rouse transformed a dilapidated building into a culinary mecca. He planned inventive daily menus (chrysanthemum soup; broiled tuna with morel sauce; White Trash Night) and hosted extravagant special events: an anti-Valentine's day dinner, for instance, which featured Blackened Rib Steaks and Catfish Fillets, Black fettuccine with sour cream and lox sauce and red and black caviar, bleeding hearts of beet salad, brandied cherry ambrosia, and mocha espresso cheesecake. The man and his food broke boundaries between high culture and low, good taste and bad, east and west, rural and urban, adult and child. In the process of cooking for his members, Rouse taught hundreds of young people how to eat, but also that cooking was a labor of love and a genuine aesthetic pursuit. His humor, whimsy, and inventive extravagance left a legacy which links inextricably food and politics to our fundamental way of being in the world.
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Korycka, Anna. „Analysis of Chosen Phonetic and Morphological Features Present in Polish Folk Songs in the Vilnius Region“. Respectus Philologicus 22, Nr. 27 (25.10.2012): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2012.27.15348.
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This article is devoted to an analysis of certain phonetic and morphological features that occur in the material of Polish folk music in the Vilnius region. Excerpts were chosen with respect to the dominant linguistic elements (both phonetic and morphological) of the region in question. Examples were taken from Songs of Vilnius Region (Pieśni Wileńszczyzny) by Jan Mincewicz, materials gained from the Archive of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore in Vilnius, and the author’s own recordings. Based on dialectological publications (Kurzowa, Grek-Pabisowa, Sawaniewska-Mochowa, Rieger and others), an investigation into the occurrence of specific features of Northern Borderlands Polish in the Polish folk songs of the Vilnius region was undertaken. The Polish community is a dynamic group, the vast majority nurturing their own culture, language and customs.The first section of the article analyzes the phonetic features connected with the system of vowels and consonants. The second section contains an analysis of morphological phenomena (inflectional and word formative) present in the Polish folk songs known and sung in the Vilnius region. It was found that certain nouns change their grammatical gender; such singularities occur in the presence of the verb and the suffix -uk. The structure of the dialect in the researched area has been preserved quite well, which can be confirmed by the frequency with which the features typical of this region occur.In conclusion, on the basis of phonetics and morphology, it can be stated that the language of the Polish folk songs known and sung in Vilnius has retained many features of the dialect specific to the Northern Polish Borderlands.
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Freitag, Ulrike. „Nancy Um: The Merchant Houses of Mocha. Trade and Architecture in an Indian Ocean Port. (Publications on the Near East.) xiii, 270 pp. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2009. $30. ISBN 978 0 295 98911 2.“ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 74, Nr. 1 (Februar 2011): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x10000790.
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Pereira, Dyanna Rangel, João Augusto Rodrigues Aguiar, Denis Henrique Silva Nadaleti, Larissa De Oliveira Fassio, João Paulo Felicori Carvalho, Samuel Pereira De Carvalho und Gladyston Rodrigues Carvalho. „MORPHOAGRONOMIC AND SENSORY PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE CULTIVARS IN INITIAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IN CERRADO MINEIRO“. Coffee Science 14, Nr. 2 (28.06.2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i2.1570.
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Despite the great diversity of available Arabica coffee cultivars it is observed that, even when presenting different phenotypes of interest, new cultivars are adopted at a slow pace by coffee growers. One possible reason may be the lack of information on the performance of these genotypes in different regions and culture conditions. The aim this work was to verify the performance of twelve coffee cultivars in relation to morphoagronomic characteristics at initial stage of development, as well as the beans quality, in a condition of typical cultivation of the Cerrado. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Monte Carmelo - MG, in randomized block design, with four replicates. Morphoagronomic characteristics were evaluated 15 months after the implantation of the crop. The productivity and, subsequently, the quality of the beans, were evaluated at 18 months. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Genes software. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The F test was used to determine the significance of treatments. The means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (1974) at 5% probability and the experimental precision was verified by the estimation of the experimental variation coefficient (CV) and the selective accuracy. The sensory attributes were evaluated in a radar diagram, called “Sensogram”. Genetic variability was observed among cultivars for the vegetative characters. The cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and MGS Aranãs stood out as more productive, with a high percentage of sieve 16 and above and low percentage of grain type mocha. All the cultivars stood out as special, with emphasis on the cultivar Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 in the wet processing and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 in the natural processing.
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Rice, Madeline Murguia, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Johanna W. Lampe, Gerald van Belle, Mark Kestin, Megumi Sumitani, Amy Borenstein Graves und Eric B. Larson. „Dietary soy isoflavone intake in older Japanese American women“. Public Health Nutrition 4, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2001): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001150.
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AbstractObjective:In a sample of older Japanese American women, we aimed to: (1) describe the most commonly consumed soy foods, (2) estimate dietary soy isoflavone intake, (3) describe characteristics associated with dietary soy isoflavone intake, and (4) compare our estimates with previously published estimates in other Japanese samples.Design:A 14-item soy food-frequency questionnaire was administered to older Japanese American women and responses were converted to quantitative estimates of soy isoflavones (genistein plus daidzein). Multiple regression was used to examine characteristics associated with dietary soy isoflavone intake, including self-reported lifestyle and cultural factors and dietary intake of various foods ascertained from a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. To compare our estimates with other samples, a review of the literature was conducted.Setting/subjects:Data are from 274 women aged 65+ years, recruited from a longitudinal cohort study of Japanese Americans in King County, Washington State.Results:The soy foods most commonly consumed were tofu (soybean curd), miso (fermented soybean paste) and aburaage (fried thin soybean curd). The mean intake of dietary soy isoflavones was 10.2 (standard deviation (SD), 12.4) mg day−1, approximately a quarter to a half that of previously published estimates in Japanese samples. Dietary soy isoflavone intake was positively associated with speaking Japanese, the consumption of traditional Japanese dishes (kamaboko, manju and mochi), low-fat/non-fat milk and yellow/red vegetables, vitamin E supplement use, and walking several blocks each day. Dietary soy isoflavone intake was negatively associated with the consumption of butter.Conclusions:The estimated dietary soy isoflavone intake in Japanese American women living in King County, Washington State was about a quarter to a half that of women living in Japan. Dietary soy isoflavone intake was associated with speaking Japanese and healthy lifestyle and dietary habits.
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Guimarães, Tatiane Pereira, und Rosana Quaresma Maneschy. „Sistemas agroflorestais pecuários com ênfase nas espécies frutíferas arbóreas e arbustivas“. Revista Agroecossistemas 1, Nr. 1 (06.05.2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/ragros.v1i1.1166.
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RESUMO: Tradicionalmente os agroecossistemas de pastagem são monoculturas sem a utilização do componente arbóreo associado. A adoção de espécies frutíferas em SAFP contribui para viabilizar a permanência do agricultor em uma mesma área, colaborar com a segurança alimentar, gerar ingressos adicionais de renda, maximizar a produtividade por unidade, propiciar o aumento da biodiversidade, otimizar a absorção de nutrientes e água, recuperar áreas degradadas e/ou abandonadas para que seja possível alcançar sustentabilidade nessas unidades de produção familiar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo difundir os SAFP com ênfase nas espécies arbóreas e/ou arbustivas frutíferas, no contexto da agricultura familiar da região de Marabá no estado do Pará e será desenvolvido no Projeto de Assentamento (P. A.) Belo Horizonte I, no município de São Domingos do Araguaia, na microrregião de Marabá. A pesquisa será realizada no âmbito do projeto “Sistemas silvipastoris e agrossilvipastoris como alternativa para a sustentabilidade da pecuária na agricultura familiar da região de Marabá – PA” desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal do Pará – Campus de Marabá com apoio financeiro da FAPESPA. A abordagem do projeto se enquadra nas metodologias de pesquisa-ação e de pesquisa participativa. A metodologia prevê a construção da parceria e tomada de decisão das ações prioritárias do projeto em três fases. A primeira fase consiste na realização de reunião para apresentação do projeto e de diagnóstico com os agricultores interessados em desenvolver ações-testesenvolvendo o componente arbóreo. O diagnóstico será realizado realizados através de visitas aos lotes e entrevistas estruturadas, com auxílio de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas e os dados serão analisados através de estatística descritiva. A segunda fase será de sensibilização, para que a comunidade priorize a inserção do componente arbóreo na paisagem rural. Para isso serão realizadas atividades utilizando os recursos pedagógicos propostos na Mochila do Educador Agroflorestal elaboradas pelo Projeto Arboreto da Universidade Federal do Acre. A terceira fase será de intervenção, com a realização de cursos (coleta de sementes, quebra de dormência de sementes, minhocultura e vermicompostagem, produção de mudas), elaboração dos planos de implementação de cada ação-teste, implantação e acompanhamento dessas ações, de forma conjunta auxiliando no processo de construção de inovações no PA. Serão realizadas reuniões de avaliações das atividades e nessa ocasião será aplicada a técnica de Diagnóstico Rápido Participativo para analisar o conhecimento adquirido da comunidade a partir das atividades desenvolvidas nessa ação. Também será realizado o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento inicial das mudas no campo. As plantas serão avaliadas quanto a: sobrevivência, altura total (m) e diâmetro do coleto (cm) mensalmente durante um ano. A partir de 1,50 m de altura serão avaliadas diâmetro a altura do peito – DAP (cm) e diâmetro de copa – DC (m). Espera-se contribuir com a difusão dos sistemas agroflorestais pecuários com ênfase nas espécies arbóreas e/ou arbustivas frutíferas para a recuperação de áreas de pastagens degradadas, pois a adoção dos mesmos pode agregar valor ambiental e econômico as atividades produtivas já desenvolvidas, e ao mesmo tempo, atender à legislação ambiental, configurada principalmente na recuperação de Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal (RL). PALAVRAS CHAVES:Agricultura familiar, integração árvore-pastagem, integração cultura-árvore-pastagem.
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Aoki, Tomohiro, Kazuyuki Shimada, Akihiko Sakamoto, Keiki Sugimoto, Takanobu Morishita, Yuki Kojima, Satoko Shimada et al. „Emetine Elicits Apoptosis of Intractable B-Cell Lymphoma Cells with MYC Rearrangement through Inhibition of Glycolytic Metabolism“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3019.3019.
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Abstract Background: Despite remarkable advances of initial treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the prognosis of the disease with MYC rearrangement remains poor with a median overall survival of less than 1 year. The application of intensive or targeting treatment failed to show a benefit for the disease, an innovative approach should be thus required to overcome the obstacle of MYC rearrangement. Recent findings revealed that the close interaction of tumor cells with stromal cells in its microenvironment is involved in resistance to chemotherapy, and that tumor microenvironment has been shed light on a potential attractive therapeutic target. Purpose: To overcome poor prognoses of intractable DLBCL with MYC rearrangement, we explored an effective drug targeting tumor microenvironment through the high-throughput drug screening (Sugimoto et al. Sci Rep. 2015). Material and methods: Allpatient samples were experimentally used with written informed consent. To perform drug screening against primary patient lymphoma cells with intractable clinical course,we firstly developed co-culture system of lymphoma cells and stromal cells, which allowed us to culture them in vitro.For this, isolated stromal cells derived from human lymph node were prepared. Then 3,440 compounds mainly containing known pharmacologically active substance or off-patent drugs were screened to identify effective drugs for patient lymphoma cells. The efficacy and mechanism of action of the drug were confirmed by subsequent in vitro and in vivo analyses. Results: Two patient tumor cells with MYC/BCL2 rearrangement were used for the drug screening. Both patients developed refractory diseases within 1 year after diagnosis. In the screening analyses, primary lymphoma cells obtained from lymph node for patient (Pt) #1 were used, and tumor cells from PDX mouse model for Pt #2 were used to validate the result of Pt #1. The both tumor cells could not survive in in vitro monoculture, while the both lymphoma cells could remarkably survive longer in co-culture with stromal cells. Then we performed drug screening against primary tumor cells from Pt #1. Ninety-nine compounds with the viability of tumor cells less than 0.5 were identified, and we validated cell death of these 99 compounds against the other lymphoma cells from Pt #2. Among 10 compounds identified as potentially effective for the both tumor cells, we picked out emetine, which induced cell death against the both cells with an IC50 of 312 nM and 506 nM, respectively. Regarding the effect of emetine on stromal cells, the proliferation and survival was not affected in the concentration of 2 µM emetine whose concentration was used for the screening. However, stromal cells pretreated 0.5 µM emetine decreased a support potential to tumor cells resulting from decreased ATP production and glutathione in tumor cells. In terms of the effect of emetine on tumor cells, the drug induced a G2/M arrest in tumor cells, which resulted in induction of apoptosis. Based on previous finding that emetine suppresses HIF-1a expression, which is one of key regulators glucose metabolisms, we investigated the expression in tumor cells under the treatment of emetine. HIF-1a expression was suppressed in tumor cells as expected; we subsequently analyzed the status of glucose metabolism in tumor cells. The expression of key enzymes including HK2, PDK1, and LDHA were suppressed and ATP production and GLUT1 expression were also suppressed. The serial cascade of the alteration of glucose metabolism including the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, the alteration of pentose phosphate pathway, and the reduction of NADPH and glutathione leading to the accrual of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed under the presence of emetine. In in vivo analyses, significant growth inhibition was observed under the emetine treatment (Figure A and B). Conclusions: Emetine identified by the drug screening is clearly effective for patient lymphoma cells with intractable clinical course in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent analyses regarding the mechanism of action of emetine revealed that the drug affected the both tumor cells and stromal cells in tumor microenvironment through the inhibition of glucose metabolism. Further investigations of the translation to clinic should be warranted. Disclosures Sugimoto: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Employment. Kiyoi:Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Fujifilm Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Eisai Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Phizer Japan Inc.: Research Funding; Yakult Honsha Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; MSD K.K.: Research Funding; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Research Funding; Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Toyama Chemikal Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; AlexionpharmaLLC.: Research Funding; JCR Pharmaceutlcals Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Zenyaku Kogyo Co.LTD.: Research Funding; Kyowa-Hakko Kirin Co.LTD.: Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. LTD.: Research Funding.
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Okamoto, Akinao, Yoshinobu Kanda, Shun-Ichi Kimura, Tatsuo Oyake und Kazuo Tamura. „Detailed Assessment of Blood Culture and Clinical Factors in Febrile Neutropenia Patients with High-Risk Hematological Malignancy in Japan: A Subgroup Analysis of the Cedmic Trial“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134117.
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Background: During chemotherapy for hematological malignancies, febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent and serious complication. The causative organisms of FN vary from era to era and depending on bacterial resistance in each country. Therefore, epidemiological data are required for each era and country from prospective large clinical trials. We previously reported a prospective clinical trial indicating the importance of the D-index, a measure of neutropenia severity (CEDMIC trial, J Clin Oncol. 2020 10; 38: 815). We hypothesized that analyzing these data would provide accurate contemporary epidemiological data for hematological malignancies. Furthermore, as encountered in practice, we suspected that gram-negative (GN) bloodstream infections (BSIs) are more common at high body temperatures (BTs) than at low BTs and examined the relationship between causative bacteria and BT. Patients and Methods: Between June 2013 and April 2017, we enrolled patients with hematological malignancies aged 16-79 years post-chemotherapy or -stem cell transplantation (SCT) with expected neutropenia durations >7 days. Neutrophil counts <500/mL reflected neutropenia, and all fevers had axillary temperatures ≥37.5°C. Prophylactic antibiotics (Abx) were drugs administered post-chemotherapy and pre-FN onset. The FN incidence and blood culture (BC) positivity rate were examined in 4 treatment groups: allogeneic SCT (Allo-SCT), autologous SCT (Auto-SCT), induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia, and other treatments. Results: In total, 423 patients were enrolled, and 413 (median age: 56 years) were included in the intention-to-treat analyses (Table 1). The treatments included induction chemotherapy (n=67), Allo-SCT (n=106), Auto-SCT (n=158), and others (n=82). Prophylactic Abx were administered in 281 (68.5%) patients (only quinolone, n=222; with β-lactam, n=59). Prophylaxis rates were significantly higher in the Allo-SCT (n=94, 88.7%, p<0.001) and induction chemotherapy (n=49, 73.1%, p<0.017) groups. FN occurred in 356/413 patients (86.4%, Table 1). The Allo-SCT group had a higher FN incidence than that in the other treatments group (93.4% vs. 72%, p<0.001). D-indices ≥5500 and <5500 were associated with FN incidences of 100% and 81.8%, respectively (p<0.001). Prophylaxis did not reduce the FN incidence. In total, 1272 BC sets were collected from 356 patients with FN. At FN onset, BCs were collected from 346 patients; 72 (20.8%) were positive (Table 2). Among initial BCs, 46 (63.9%) harbored gram-positive (GP) and 28 (38.9%) harbored GN bacteria. Three patients had multiple bacterial infections. The 2 most frequent GP bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n=21, 44.7%) and viridans streptococci (n=14, 29.8%). The 3 most frequent GN bacteria were Escherichia coli (n=13, 44.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4, 13.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4, 13.8%). Among initial BCs, prophylactic Abx use did not reduce BC positivity. However, the GN BSI incidence was significantly lower in the prevention group vs. non-prevention group (23.8% vs. 56.7%, p=0.007). Among patients who received prophylactic β-lactam, GN BSIs did not occur. Maximum BTs (maxBTs) were significantly higher in patients with positive BCs than negative BCs (38.4°C vs. 38.0°C, p<0.001). The BTs associated with GN BSIs were significantly higher than those associated with negative BCs and GP BSIs (38.7°C vs. 38.0°C vs. 38.2°C, p<0.001, Figure 1). The maxBTs and BC positivity rates were strongly related (Table 3). The BC positivity rates were significantly higher in patients with BTs ≥38°C vs. <38°C (26.5% vs. 14.5%, p=0.008), 38.5°C vs. >38.5°C/<38.5°C (39.7% vs. 15.3%, p<0.001), and ≥39°C vs. <39°C (52.6% vs. 16.9%, p<0.001). Among patients who did not receive prophylactic Abx (n=106), the GN BSI positivity rate was significantly lower in patients with maxBTs <38°C vs. ≥38°C (14.3% vs. 76.2%, p=0.007). Conclusion: In FN patients with high-risk hematological malignancies in Japan, the frequency of GP BSIs is high. Prophylactic Abx use reduces the GN BSI risk but not the FN or BSI risk. Fever severity and BC positivity at FN onset are strongly associated. The BTs of patients with GN BSIs are high. Disclosures Kanda: Astellas Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding; Meiji Seika Kaisha: Honoraria; Merck Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Shionogi: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma: Honoraria; Eisai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Kyowa Kirin: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Shire: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Ono Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Nippon Shinyaku: Honoraria, Research Funding; Mochida Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Otsuka: Honoraria, Research Funding; Chugai Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria. Kimura:Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Astellas Pharma: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma: Honoraria; Merck Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria; Nippon Kayaku: Honoraria; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Honoraria; Ono Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Asahi Kasei: Honoraria. Oyake:Astellas Pharma: Honoraria; Bayer: Research Funding; Chugai Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Sionogi: Research Funding. Tamura:Asahi Kasei: Honoraria; Ono Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Eisai: Honoraria; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Honoraria.
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Arai, Yasuyuki, Kouhei Yamashita, Kiyomi Mizugishi und Akifumi Takaori-Kondo. „Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) Is Secreted from Human Monocytes after Phagocytosis – in Vitro Analyses and a Retrospective Cohort Study in Patients with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1402.1402.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Presepsin is a subtype of soluble CD14, which is a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LPS-binding protein complexes and is expressed on the myelomonocytic cell surface. Recently, it has been shown to be a useful biomarker for assessing the severity of sepsis and has come into use in the field of critical care medicine. However, the precise mechanism involved in its production in human is yet to be ascertained. Therefore, we performed in vitro analyses to determine the main sources of presepsin and the mechanism of presepsin production in humans. We also performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the clinical relevance of presepsin in the diagnosis of bacteremia or other complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) because, so far, only one study has analyzed the utility of presepsin as a biomarker for myelosuppressed patients after chemotherapies. METHODS: For in vitro assays, we first isolated neutrophils and monocytes from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and co-cultured them (4 x 105 cells) with various stimuli, such as bacteria or cytokines, with or without inhibitors. The supernatants were subjected to ELISA for the determining the presepsin production levels, and precipitants were analyzed by immunostaining for CD14 and presepsin. For the cohort study, we enrolled patients who had undergone allo-SCT in our department during recent 5 years. Serum samples were collected at 4 different times (before the conditioning regimen, on day 0, 7, and 28 after allo-SCT). The serum specimens were analyzed using ELISA to determine the presepsin levels, and the relationship between these levels with the occurrence of SCT-related complications and overall survival rate was determined. RESULTS: In vitro co-culture assays showed that monocytes secreted significantly higher amounts of presepsin than neutrophils in response to Escherichia coli (mean ± standard error, 414.8 ± 55.9 vs. 124.7 ± 37.9 pg/mL, p = 0.01). Immunostaining showed an apparent cytosolic deposition of presepsin in monocytes, but not in neutrophils (Figure 1). The secretion of presepsin from monocytes induced by LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ƒ¿, and Pam3CSK (Toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist) was small, and similar to the base line secretion (76.0 ± 9.2 pg/mL, p > 0.90). Monocytic secretion of presepsin in response to E. coli is partially suppressed by various kinds of phagocytic inhibitors (125.6 ± 9.5 pg/mL, p = 0.01 with wortmannin; 160.7 ± 18.3 pg/mL, p = 0.02 with cytochalasin). Moreover, other bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis induced presepsin secretion (182.6 ± 37.7 p/mL, p = 0.02). These findings suggest that monocytic phagocytosis is the main factor responsible for presepsin production in humans. In order to analyze the clinical relevance of presepsin, we included 69 patients who had undergone allo-SCT (35 men and 34 women; age range, 17 – 66 y; median age, 49 y). The donors were related in 16 cases and unrelated in 53. Myeloablative conditioning was performed in 27 patients. The serum presepsin levels was 1,909 ± 540 pg/mL before allo-SCT, and no significant differences were observed between this level and those observed at the other 3 time points (p = 0.62). Bacteremia was observed in 17 and 10 patients within 5 days before serum sample collection on day 7 and day 28, respectively. These patients with bacteremia showed higher levels of presepsin compared to those without bacteremia (5,174 ± 1,693 vs 1,161 ± 151 pg/mL, p < 0.01 on day 7, and 4,877 ± 1,923 vs. 2,183 ± 537 pg/mL, p = 0.07 on day 28). No correlation was observed between presepsin levels, viral infections, and the occurrence of acute GVHD. Moreover, patients with higher presepsin levels at day 28 (≥ 2,000 pg/mL) showed a significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.7; 95%CI, 1.7 – 7.7, p < 0.01, Figure 2) mainly due to transplant-related death. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that human presepsin is produced mainly by monocytes after phagocytosis of bacteria in vitro. This data is supported by the results of the retrospective cohort study indicating that elevation in serum presepsin levels is observed especially during bacteremia. Presepsin levels can be used as an effective diagnostic marker for the bacteremia even during the myelosuppressive period after allo-SCT. Moreover, high presepsin levels on day 28 after allo-SCT can be indicative of poor prognosis. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures Yamashita: Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding.
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Nakatani, Toshiyuki, Ken Uda, Takeshi Yamaura, Masaru Takasaki, Akimi Akashi, Fangli Chen, Yuichi Ishikawa et al. „Development of FF-10101, a Novel Irreversible FLT3 Inhibitor, Which Overcomes Drug Resistance Mutations“. Blood 126, Nr. 23 (03.12.2015): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1353.1353.
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Abstract Background: FLT3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of juxtamembrane domain sequence and missense point mutations at D835 residue within kinase domain are major mutations of FLT3 in AML. These mutations induce constitutive activation of FLT3 and its downstream pathway, resulting in aberrant cell proliferation of AML cells. FLT3 is, therefore, believed to be an attractive drug target for AML. Several FLT3 inhibitors were evaluated in clinical trials and they demonstrated clinical efficacy; however, drug-resistant secondary mutations such as F691L and D835 mutations with FLT3-ITD were often appeared. Therefore development of novel FLT3 inhibitors is required to overcome resistance to current FLT3 inhibitors. Here we report that a novel irreversible FLT3 inhibitor, FF-10101 is a promising agent for AML therapy. Methods: Bone marrow samples from patients with AML were subjected to Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. Informed consent was obtained from all patients, and approval was obtained from the ethics committee of our institute. In vitro growth inhibitory assay was performed with leukemia cell lines and 32D transfectants in liquid culture and primary AML cells in semisolid culture. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay or ATP quantification assay. For in vivo efficacy study, leukemia xenograft mouse model was prepared by tale vein injection of MOLM-13 cells or primary AML cells. Efficacies of tested compounds were evaluated by detection of human CD45-positive cells in bone marrow cells obtained from femurs at the end of studies. Results: Kinase profiling assay with 216 human recombinant kinases revealed that FF-10101 selectively and potently inhibited kinase activities of wtFLT3 and FLT3 D835Y with IC50 values of 0.20 nM and 0.16 nM, respectively. In MV4-11 cells, FF-10101 treatment decreased phosphorylation of FLT3 and its downstream molecules in a dose-dependent manner. FF-10101 treatment for 2 days demonstrated growth inhibitory effect on FLT3-dependent human cell lines, MV4-11, MOLM-13, MOLM-14 and 32D transfectants expressing FLT3-ITD with equal to or greater potency than Quizartinib, a highly potent FLT3 inhibitor currently under clinical development for AML (FF-10101 IC50=0.83 nM-2.4 nM, Quizartinib IC50=0.95 nM-4.5 nM). Cell cycle arrest was observed followed by increased sub-G1 population in MV4-11 cells treated with 1 nM FF-10101. Importantly, FF-10101 retained growth inhibitory activities against 32D transfectants expressing drug resistance mutations such as FLT3-ITD/D835Y, FLT3-ITD/Y842C or FLT3-ITD/Y842H with IC50 values of 0.66-3.1 nM, although Quizartinib demonstrated weak inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 85-150nM. In mice xenografted with MOLM-13, oral administration of 5 mg/kg FF-10101 once daily for 8 days significantly decreased MOLM-13 cells in bone marrow as compared to vehicle administration (p<0.001). Next, anti-leukemic effect of FF-10101 was assessed by using primary AML cells. In vitro cell growth assay, 1 week treatment of FF-10101 significantly reduced primary AML cells harboring FLT3-ITD. Growth inhibitory effect was also observed in primary AML cells harboring FLT3 D835H mutation, although Quizartinib had little effect. When 10 mg/kg FF-10101 was orally administrated twice daily to mice xenografted with primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD, AML cells in bone marrow were significantly reduced with comparable efficacy of Quizartinib. Furthermore, FF-10101 demonstrated more potent efficacy than Quizartinib in mice xenografted with primary AML cells harboring FLT3 D835H mutation. FF-10101 also retained its efficacy against mice xenografted with residual AML cells in Quizartinib-treated mice inoculated with primary AML cells harboring FLT3 D835H. Conclusions: We have developed a novel irreversible FLT3 inhibitor, FF-10101. FF-10101 showed potent anti-leukemic effect on cell lines and primary AML cells by selective inhibition of FLT3 both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, FF-10101 also has potency against drug resistance mutations. These results strongly indicate that FF-10101 is a promising agent for AML patients with FLT3 mutations. Phase I study of FF-10101 for AML patients is planned for 2016. Disclosures Nakatani: FUJIFILM Corporation: Employment. Uda:FUJIFILM Corporation: Employment. Yamaura:FUJIFILM Corporation: Employment. Takasaki:FUJIFILM Corporation: Employment. Ishikawa:GlaxoSmithKline K.K.: Research Funding. Hagiwara:FUJIFILM Corporation: Employment. Kiyoi:Eisai Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Pfizer Inc.: Research Funding; Yakult Honsha Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; MSD K.K.: Research Funding; Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Teijin Ltd.: Research Funding; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Research Funding; Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Japan Blood Products Organization: Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; FUJIFILM Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding. Naoe:FUJIFILM Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Celgene K.K.: Research Funding; Pfizer Inc.: Research Funding; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Patents & Royalties; Toyama Chemical CO., LTD.: Research Funding; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Research Funding.
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Morishita, Takanobu, Fumihiko Hayakawa, Keiki Sugimoto, Daiki Hirano, Yuki Kojima, Naoto Imoto, Yuichiro Inagaki, Tomoki Naoe und Hitoshi Kiyoi. „A Photosensitizer Verteporfin Has Light-Independent Anti-Leukemic Activity for Ph-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Synergistically Works with Dasatinib in Vivo“. Blood 126, Nr. 23 (03.12.2015): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1331.1331.
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Abstract Despite of great improvement of treatment outcome by ABL kinase inhibitors, Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is still intractable disease, and novel therapeutic agents are anticipated. We recently developed a high-throughput drug screening system using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells. PDX cells highly maintain phenotypes of primary malignant cells, such as heterogeneity of cancer cells, slower growth rate than cell lines, and microenvironment dependency. Drug screening by PDX cells can pick up anti-tumor reagents with new mechanisms that were overlooked by conventional cell-line based screenings. Here, we discovered verteporfin, an approved drug for macular degeneration, as a candidate for novel therapeutic agent of Ph+ ALL. We established PDX of 3 Ph+ ALL patients (PhLO, PhLK, and PhLH) by transplanting primary Ph+ ALL cells into NOD/SCID/IL-2Rgnull (NOG) mice. We developed a high-throughput drug screening system using one of these PDX cells (PDX screening) and screened the library of 3440 compounds containing approved drugs and pharmacologically active reagents. The profile of drugs selected by PDX screening was quite different from that by the screening using Ph+ ALL cell line (Cell line screening). Verteporfin was selected by PDX screening, whereas it did not demonstrate very high anti-leukemic effect in Cell line screening. We confirmed the anti-leukemic effect of verteporfin ex vivo using the 3 PDX cells and ALL-1, the cell line used in the Cell line screening. All 3 PDX cells were more sensitive to verteporfin than ALL-1 (EC50: PhLO cells, 228 nM; PhLK cells, 1.8 µM; PhLH cells; 395 nM; ALL-1, 3.93 µM). In addition, combined use of verteporfin and dasatinib, an ABL kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of Ph+ ALL, showed synergistic growth suppression of PhLO cells. Combination index (CI) values calculated by combination index algorism were less than 1.0 in most combinations of 16 data points (CI mean, 0.73; CI range, 0.28-1.34). Furthermore, the mechanism of action of verteporfin was intensively investigated. In combination with red light irradiation, verteporfin induces apoptosis of tumor cells through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is known as photodynamic therapy. We revealed that verteporfin produced ROS light-independently in PhLO cells and induced their apoptosis. Verteporfin-induced apoptosis was inhibited by the addition of reduced glutathione to the culture medium, suggesting the large involvement of ROS production in the verteporfin-induced apoptosis. Finally, we assessed the in vivo effect of verteporfin. NOG mice transplanted with PhLO cells were treated with vehicle, verteporfin (140mg/kg/day), dasatinib (20mg/kg/day), or both of them from day 22 to day 28. Dasatinib was intraperitoneally injected and verteporfin was administered by continuous subcutaneous injection using osmotic pumps because of its very short half-life. We measured the ratios of leukemic PDX cells in bone marrow and spleen on day 28. Both single therapies by verteporfin and dasatinib significantly reduced the leukemia cell ratios in spleen and the combination therapy of them further reduced leukemia cells in spleen (Figure A). In bone marrow, both single therapies demonstrated weaker anti-leukemic effect than in spleen, but the combination therapy showed significantly enhanced effect, indicating the synergistic effect between them in vivo (Figure B). These results indicate the promisingness of verteporfin as a new anti-leukemic reagent and PDX screening as a new strategy for the development of anti-cancer drug. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Naoe: Pfizer Inc.: Research Funding; Toyama Chemical Co.,LTD.: Research Funding; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Kyowa-Hakko Kirin Co.,Ltd.: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Fujifilm Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.,LTD: Patents & Royalties; Celgene K.K.: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Research Funding. Kiyoi:Yakult Honsha Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Novartis Pharma K.K.: Research Funding; MSD K.K.: Research Funding; Eisai Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; FUJIFILM Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co.,Ltd.: Research Funding; Teijin Ltd.: Research Funding; Japan Blood Products Organization: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Pfizer Inc.: Research Funding; Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding.