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Soltani, Nader, Christy Shropshire und Peter Sikkema. „Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, Nr. 6 (01.11.2011): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-035.
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Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2011. Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1061–1064. Four field trials were conducted from 2007 to 2010 in Ontario to evaluate the effect of various manganese (Mn) formulations (Mn1, Ecoman 5% Mn; Mn2, MangaMax 5.5% Mn; Mn3, ManMax 5.5% Mn; Mn4, Superman 5% Mn; Mn5, Stoller This 5% Mn; Mn6, Nortrace 6% Mn-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate); Mn7, Nortrace 22% Mn and Mn8, WolfTrax 33% Mn) applied at 2.0 kg actual Mn ha−1 on glyphosate efficacy at 900 g a.e. ha−1 in glyphosate-resistant soybean. The tank mix of glyphosate plus Mn4, Mn6 or Mn8 caused as much as 6, 17 and 4% injury in soybean, respectively. There was minimal crop injury (0–1.4%) with other Mn tank mixes. The addition of Mn4 or Mn6 to glyphosate did not antagonize glyphosate efficacy on the weeds evaluated (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI). The other Mn formulations antagonized glyphosate efficacy for the control of AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL or SETVI under some environments. The addition of Mn3 or Mn6 to glyphosate reduced soybean yield as much as 15 and 10% compared with glyphosate alone, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that glyphosate and manganese applications be applied sequentially to avoid weed control antagonism and maximize soybean yield.
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Bae, Hyoung Eun, Yang Du, Parameswaran Hariharan, Jonas S. Mortensen, Kaavya K. Kumar, Betty Ha, Manabendra Das et al. „Asymmetric maltose neopentyl glycol amphiphiles for a membrane protein study: effect of detergent asymmetricity on protein stability“. Chemical Science 10, Nr. 4 (2019): 1107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc02560f.
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Kinkead, E. R., R. E. Wolfe, S. A. Salins, C. S. Godin, P. P. Lu, M. M. Ketcha, A. Thilagar und W. T. Brashear. „N-Methyl-N'-Nitroguanidine: Irritation, Sensitization, and Acute Oral Toxicity, Genotoxicity, and Methods for Analysis in Biological Samples“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, Nr. 3 (Mai 1993): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900305.
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Currently. N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine (MNG) is being considered by the U.S. Air Force Armament Laboratory for use in explosive formulations. A mammalian toxicity profile has been performed which includes the analysis of chemical impurities and an assessment of the potential for the metabolism of MNG to 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Potential in situ gastric conversion of MNG to MNNG is a toxicological concern because MNNG is both mutagenic and carcinogenic. The compound was also evaluated in several bioassays to assess its potential genotoxic activity. The acute oral toxicity was determined in male and female Fischer 344 rats administered a single dose of MNG in corn oil. The maximum suspension of MNG that could be delivered, 1 mg MNG/kg body weight, produced no signs of toxic stress during the 14-day observation period. The primary eye and skin irritation potential of MNG was determined in female New Zealand white rabbits using the Draize technique. MNG produced no irritation to intact skin but did produce mild conjunctival irritation. The response of a single guinea pig to the dermal sensitization evaluation indicated that MNG is a weak sensitizer. The results of three genetic tests indicated that MNG does not interact with genetic material. Gastric contents and feces from treated animals showed no evidence of conversion of MNG to MNNG.
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Wu, Xiaohua, Jian Xu, Yousheng Cai, Yuejun Yang, Yuancai Liu und Shugeng Cao. „Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress by Methylnissolin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside from Astragalus membranaceus Mainly via the Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway“. Molecules 26, Nr. 13 (24.06.2021): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133852.
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Astragalus membranaceus is a famous herb found among medicinal and food plants in East and Southeastern Asia. The Nrf2-ARE assay-guided separation of an extract from Jing liqueur led to the identification of a nontoxic Nrf2 activator, methylnissolin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (MNG, a component of A. membranaceus). Nrf2 activation by MNG has not been reported before. Using Western Blot, RT-qPCR and imaging, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of MNG against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. MNG induced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, accelerated the translocation of Nrf2 into nuclei, and enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT. The MNG-induced expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 were abolished by Nrf2 siRNA, while the MNG-induced expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was abated and the AKT phosphorylation was blocked by LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). MNG reduced intracellular ROS generation. However, the protection of MNG against the H2O2 insult was reversed by Nrf2 siRNA with decreased cell viability. The enhancement of Nrf2 and HO-1 by MNG upon H2O2 injury was reduced by LY294002. These data showed that MNG protected EA.hy926 cells against oxidative damage through the Nrf2/HO-1 and at least partially the PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Rahman, Afaf N. Abdel, Basma Ahmed Elkhadrawy, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Heba M. Abdel-Ghany, Engy Mohamed Mohamed Yassin, Asmaa Elsayyad, Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd, Sameh H. Ismail und Heba H. Mahboub. „Alleviating Effect of a Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanogel against Waterborne-Lead-Induced Physiological Disturbances, Histopathological Changes, and Lead Bioaccumulation in African Catfish“. Gels 9, Nr. 8 (08.08.2023): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9080641.
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Heavy metal toxicity is an important issue owing to its harmful influence on fish. Hence, this study is a pioneer attempt to verify the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a magnetite (Fe3O4) nanogel (MNG) in mitigating waterborne lead (Pb) toxicity in African catfish. Fish (n = 160) were assigned into four groups for 45 days. The first (control) and second (MNG) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L−1 of MNG in water. The third (Pb) and fourth (MNG + Pb) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L−1 of MNG in water and 69.30 mg L−1 of Pb. In vitro, the MNG caused a dramatic drop in the Pb level within 120 h. The Pb-exposed group showed the lowest survival (57.5%) among the groups, with substantial elevations in hepato-renal function and lipid peroxide (MDA). Moreover, Pb exposure caused a remarkable decline in the protein-immune parameters and hepatic antioxidants, along with higher Pb residual deposition in muscles and obvious histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, adding aqueous MNG to Pb-exposed fish relieved these alterations and increased survivability. Thus, MNG is a novel antitoxic agent against Pb toxicity to maintain the health of C. gariepinus.
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Zafar, Ifrah, Afra Samad, Amber Haroon, Aneeqa Naz, Aqsa Bukhari, Fayyaz . und Nudrat . „Incidental Findings of Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroid Observing patients of Previously Operated Clinical Specimens of Multinodular Goiter“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, Nr. 8 (30.08.2023): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317823.
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Background: Papillary carcinoma is one of the common malignancy among all thyroid malignancies and constitutes about 57-75%. In most of cases this lesion is an incidental finding in biopsies specimens operated for MNG. But the incidence of papillary carcinoma in the setting of various thyroid disorders including MNG remains unclear. Hence, we conducted a study of five years from 2017 till 2021 to address this question. Aim: To rule out the incidence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) especially associated connection with MNG Methodology: From retrospective study carried out in the pathology department of Ibne-Sina Hospital, Multan, the date of 631 cases of thyroid carcinomas were retrieved. All the patients underwent different thyroid surgeries. Data regarding the age, gender, clinical diagnosis as well as pathological diagnosis was recorded and results were analyzed on SPSS 25. Results: We reviewed 631 cases of thyroid and included in the analysis. Overall, n=558 cases were operated with clinical diagnosis of MNG. Among them, 54(10%) cases were reported as papillary carcinoma on the basis of histopathological examination. Conclusions: Incidentally discovered papillary thyroid carcinomas are more commonly identified in surgical specimens from cases with MNG. These findings highlighted the high risk of malignancy in MNG emphasizing on the fact that the carcinoma should never be underestimated as majority of these patients were presented with clinically diagnosis of MNG. Keywords: MNG, papillary thyroid carcinoma, malignancy
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Cho, Kyung Ho, Mohd Husri, Anowarul Amin, Kamil Gotfryd, Ho Jin Lee, Juyeon Go, Jin Woong Kim et al. „Maltose neopentyl glycol-3 (MNG-3) analogues for membrane protein study“. Analyst 140, Nr. 9 (2015): 3157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an00240k.
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The hydrophobic variants of the original MNG (MNG-3-C10) were evaluated with a few membrane proteins. The optimal MNG was variable for different membrane proteins, indicative of importance of match/mismatch between detergent hydrophobicity and membrane protein propensity to aggregate and denature.
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Kwon, Hae-Jun, Sang-Wook Woo, Yong-Ju Lee, Je-Young Kim und Sung-Man Lee. „Achieving High-Performance Spherical Natural Graphite Anode through a Modified Carbon Coating for Lithium-Ion Batteries“. Energies 14, Nr. 7 (01.04.2021): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071946.
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The electrochemical performance of modified natural graphite (MNG) and artificial graphite (AG) was investigated as a function of electrode density ranging from 1.55 to 1.7 g∙cm−3. The best performance was obtained at 1.55 g∙cm−3 and 1.60 g∙cm−3 for the AG and MNG electrodes, respectively. Both AG, at a density of 1.55 g∙cm−3, and MNG, at a density of 1.60 g∙cm−3, showed quite similar performance with regard to cycling stability and coulombic efficiency during cycling at 30 and 45 °C, while the MNG electrodes at a density of 1.60 g∙cm−3 and 1.7 g∙cm−3 showed better rate performance than the AG electrodes at a density of 1.55 g∙cm−3. The superior rate capability of MNG electrodes can be explained by the following effects: first, their spherical morphology and higher electrode density led to enhanced electrical conductivity. Second, for the MNG sample, favorable electrode tortuosity was retained and thus Li+ transport in the electrode pore was not significantly affected, even at high electrode densities of 1.60 g∙cm−3 and 1.7 g∙cm−3. MNG electrodes also exhibited a similar electrochemical swelling behavior to the AG electrodes.
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Mondal, Koustav, und Chiranjib Das. „Clinicopathological and Radiological Profile of Multinodular Goitre – A Prospective Study“. Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 29, Nr. 2 (27.09.2021): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2021.v29i2.479.
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Introduction Multinodular goitre (MNG) is defined as multiple palpable distinct nodules in the enlarged thyroid gland. MNG can harbour malignancy in 1-10% cases. We undertook the present study to correlate the clinical, radiological and cytological features of MNG with that of final histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study was done in a tertiary care hospital in northern part of West Bengal from January 2018 to December 2019. Patients aged between 12 years and 75 years, presenting with MNG on clinical examination, were included in the study. We compared the pre-operative ultrasonography (USG) of neck and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reports with post-operative histopathological examination (HPE) report. Results Among 100 patients 80 were female and 20 were male. Most patients were in 41-50 years age group. For detection of malignancy in MNG, USG had 40% sensitivity, 97.78% specificity, 66.67% positive predictive value (PPV), 93.62% negative predictive value (NPV), and 92% diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for detection of malignancy in MNG were 20%, 93.33%, 25%, 91.3% and 86% respectively. When USG features were combined with FNAC features non-diagnostic result decreased from 6% to 2% and diagnostic accuracy for detecting malignancy in MNG increased from 86% to 90%. Conclusion USG and FNAC are complementary to each other in the diagnostic workup of MNG. USG guided FNAC is still better for reaching final diagnosis and exclusion of malignancy.
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Md, Shadab, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Thikryat Neamatallah, Samah Alshehri, Md Ali Mujtaba, Yassine Riadi, Ammu K. Radhakrishnan, Habibullah Khalilullah, Manish Gupta und Md Habban Akhter. „Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of α-Mangostin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle Gel for Topical Therapy in Skin Cancer“. Gels 7, Nr. 4 (24.11.2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7040230.
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The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate α-mangostin-loaded polymeric nanoparticle gel (α-MNG-PLGA) formulation to enhance α-mangostin delivery in an epidermal carcinoma. The poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed using the emulsion–diffusion–evaporation technique with a 3-level 3-factor Box–Behnken design. The NPs were characterized and evaluated for particle size distribution, zeta potential (mV), drug release, and skin permeation. The formulated PLGA NPs were converted into a preformed carbopol gel base and were further evaluated for texture analysis, the cytotoxic effect of PLGA NPs against B16-F10 melanoma cells, and in vitro radical scavenging activity. The nanoscale particles were spherical, consistent, and average in size (168.06 ± 17.02 nm), with an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 84.26 ± 8.23% and a zeta potential of −25.3 ± 7.1 mV. Their drug release percentages in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at pH 7.4 and pH 6.5 were 87.07 ± 6.95% and 89.50 ± 9.50%, respectively. The release of α-MNG from NPs in vitro demonstrated that the biphasic release system, namely, immediate release in the initial phase, was accompanied by sustained drug release. The texture study of the developed α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel revealed its characteristics, including viscosity, hardness, consistency, and cohesiveness. The drug flux from α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel and α-MNG gel was 79.32 ± 7.91 and 16.88 ± 7.18 µg/cm2/h in 24 h, respectively. The confocal study showed that α-MNG-PLGA NPs penetrated up to 230.02 µm deep into the skin layer compared to 15.21 µm by dye solution. MTT assay and radical scavenging potential indicated that α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel had a significant cytotoxic effect and antioxidant effect compared to α-MNG gel (p < 0.05). Thus, using the developed α-MNG-PLGA in treating skin cancer could be a promising approach.
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Asokan, Meena, Shanavas Cholakkal, Bibilash Babu Susheela und Hima Abdurahiman. „Multinodular goitre: a clinicopathological study from Kerala“. International Surgery Journal 7, Nr. 10 (23.09.2020): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20204132.
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Background: Multinodular goiter (MNG) occurs due to repeated hyperstimulation of thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency, goitrogens, antithyroid drugs and genetic defects. MNG can have different complications which include treacheal compression, retrosternal extension, malignancy and secondary thyrotoxicosis. The aim of the work was to study the clinical features and histopathology of MN in patients admitted for thyroidectomy in surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital in north Kerala.Methods: A prospective hospital based observational study in the patients in surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital in north Kerala from April 2011 to March 2012. The clinical data of patients who are subjected to thyroidectomy for MNG (clinical and fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis) were included in this study. Patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy for recurrence or malignancy were excluded from this study.Results: MNG is more common in females. Female to male ratio 24:1 Majority are in the age group of 30-50 years (64%) with a mean age of 41 years. 38% (38 cases) had pressure symptoms in the form of dysphagia or dyspnea. Secondary thyrotoxicosis seen in 17% (17 cases). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is not an error-proof investigation in MNG. 14 % of our patients had malignancy inspite of being reported as benign in FNAC. Among the malignancies papillary carcinoma thyroid was found to be most common accounting for 12% of cases (12/100) followed by follicular carcinoma.Conclusions: FNAC is not an error proof investigation in MNG. Incidental thyroid cancer in MNG is about 14 % with papillary carcinoma thyroid being the commonest.
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Tang, Limin, Tiekun Ma und Fengyu Wu. „Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulated 131I treatment for multinodular goiter“. Nuklearmedizin 55, Nr. 06 (2016): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0808-16-03.
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SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rhTSH stimulation before 131I treatment in patients with MNG. Methods: Sources included the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS database (all until January 2016). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of rhTSH-stimulated 131I treatment compared to placebo or 131I treatment alone were collected. Two authors performed the data extraction independently. Results: Six RCTs involving 294 patients with MNG were included in this review. Altogether 168 patients were randomized to rhTSH-stimulated 131I therapy, and 126 to either placebo and 131I or 131I alone. rhTSH-stimulated 131I vs placebo and 131I or 131I alone for MNG showed no statistically significant difference in quality of life and all-cause mortality. rhTSH- (at a dose of 0.03 mg and above) stimulated 131I treatment for MNG showed significant benefits in thyroid volume reduction. 131I treatment with rhTSH stimulation at high doses (0.03 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.3 mg and 0.45 mg) for MNG caused significantly higher adverse effects and hypothyroidism. Conclusions: The overall results indicated that using rhTSH at high doses of 0.03–0.45 mg before 131I therapy resulted in a greater TVR than 131I therapy alone for patients with non-toxic MNG. However, an increased incidence of adverse effects and hypothyroidism was observed in patients receiving highdose of rhTSH pretreatment than in patients who received low-dose rhTSH pretreatment. Therefore, a dose of 0.03 mg rhTSH pretreatment before 131I therapy may be more potent than 131I alone in treating patients with non-toxic MNG who either had a contraindication for or declined surgery.
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Shu, Wang, Wu Tao, Hu Chunyan, Fan Jie, Liu Yuan, Xu Yan, Zhang Huan und Xie Liang. „Preoperative nutritional evaluation of prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 2 (02.02.2022): e0262630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262630.
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Background and objective Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is an objective index for evaluating nutritional status of elderly people over 65 years old. The aim of the current study was to explore the correlation and predictive value between GNRI and postoperative recovery and complications in PCa patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Methods Taking 98 as the GNRI boundary value, 96 PCa patients (aged≥65 y) undergoing LRP in the Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2018 to December 2020 were grouped into malnutrition group (MNg, 34 patients, 35.4%) and normal nutrition group (NNg, 62 patients, 64.6%). Basic information, laboratory examination indexes, operation conditions, postoperative complications and postoperative recovery indexes of patients were recorded and retrospectively analyzed. Clavien-Dindo Classification System (CDCS) was used to assess postoperative complications. T-test was used to analyze differences between the two groups. ROC curve was generated to determine the predictive value of GNRI for postoperative complications. Results Percentage of complications was significantly higher in MNg group compared with that in NNg group (P < 0.01). The average grade based on CDCS was significantly lower in NNg group compared with that in MNg group (P < 0.01). Body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), preoperative hemoglobin value (HGB), serum albumin (ALB) values of MNg and NNg were significantly positively correlated with GNRI (P<0.01). Incidence and severity of postoperative complications of MNg patients were significantly higher compared with those of NNg patients (P<0.05). Average hospitalization cost of MNg patients was higher in MNg patients compared with that of NNg patients (P<0.05). Duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), duration of antibiotic use and duration of indwelling drainage tube were longer in MNg patients compared with those in NNg patients (P<0.05). Furthermore, volume of indwelling drainage tube was higher in MNg patients compared with that in NNg patients (P<0.05). Conclusion GNRI is an effective and reliable tool for evaluation of preoperative nutritional status of prostate cancer patients. The findings showed that GNRI is correlated with postoperative recovery and complications, and is an effective predictive marker.
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Yu, Minjun, Jose Moreno und Achsah Keegan. „Regulation of the Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)-induced activation of the alternative NF-κB pathways by interleukin-4 (IL-4) (142.8)“. Journal of Immunology 184, Nr. 1_Supplement (01.04.2010): 142.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.142.8.
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Abstract NF-κB signaling is essential for RANKL-induced osteoclast (OC) formation. IL-4 inhibited RANKL-induced OC differentiation, while at the same time promoted macrophage fusion to form multinucleated giant cells (MNG). Several groups have proposed that IL-4 acted by suppressing the RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB. However, we found that IL-4 did not block canonical NF-κB signaling. Instead, we found that IL-4 inhibited alternative NF-κB signaling and induced p105/50 expression. Interestingly, in p105/50 deficient bone marrow macrophages (BMM), the formation of both multinucleated OC and MNG induced by RANKL or IL-4 respectively was impaired. This suggests that NF-κB signaling also plays an important role during macrophage fusion and MNG formation. To confirm this, the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used; PDTC blocked both RANKL-induced OC and IL-4-induced MNG formation. RT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that E-cadherin, and DC-STAMP, proteins important for macrophage fusion, were downregulated by PDTC. Furthermore, overexpression of p52 or RelB in p105/50 deficient BMM significantly enhanced both OC and MNG formation. DC-STAMP was upregulated in p52 and RelB transduced BMMs. These results suggest that the influence of IL-4 on NF-κB activation pathways is complex, and that NF-κB pathways positively regulate the IL-4-induced formation of MNG by MCSF-dependent macrophages.
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Paksoy, Nadir, Kadri Yazal und Selin Çorak. „Malignancy rate in nondominant nodules in patients with multinodular goiter: Experience with 1,606 cases evaluated by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology“. CytoJournal 8 (31.10.2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.86970.
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Background: Conventional medical sources recommend the use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for single thyroid nodules and the dominant nodule in multinodular goiter (MNG). The purpose of the present study was to analyze the utility of FNAC for multiple thyroid nodules in patients with MNG and to determine the rate of malignancy in teh nondominant nodules. Materials and Methods: Our private practice performed ultrasound-guided FNAC on 1,606 patients between February 2001 and February 1, 2010. In the MNG cases, samples were taken from the dominant nodule and from trhee suspicious / nonsuspicious nodules larger than 1 cm on ultrasound. Ninety-four cases were diagnosed as ‘suspiciously malignant’(SUS) or ‘malignant’ (POS) based on FNAC. Results: The rate of an SUS / POS diagnosis was 5.7% in the dominant nodules; 2.3% of the nondominant nodules had a SUS / POS diagnosis in FNAC (p = 0.0003). Follow-up revealed malignancy in 15 (35.7%) nondominant nodules and in 27 (64.2%) dominant nodules, with 42 MNG cases undergoing surgery. X test showed a ‘p-level of 0.0003’ between the percentages of SUS / POS diagnosis in dominanat and nondominanat nodules. It was less than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the result was regarded to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Nondominant nodules could harbor malignancy. The risk of malignancy in nondominant nodules in MNG should not be underestimated. We have shown that the dominant nodule in patients with MNG was in fact about 2.5 times more likely to be malignant than a nondominant nodule. The use of FNAC for nondominant nodules could enhance the likelihood of detecting malignancy in an MNG.
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Khan, Nicholas E., Andrew J. Bauer, Kris Ann P. Schultz, Leslie Doros, Rosamma M. Decastro, Alexander Ling, Maya B. Lodish et al. „Quantification of Thyroid Cancer and Multinodular Goiter Risk in the DICER1 Syndrome: A Family-Based Cohort Study“. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, Nr. 5 (02.02.2017): 1614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2954.
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Abstract Context: The risk of thyroid cancer and multinodular goiter (MNG) in DICER1 syndrome, a rare tumor-predisposition disorder, is unknown. Objective: To quantify the risk of thyroid cancer and MNG in individuals with DICER1 syndrome. Design: Family-based cohort study. Setting: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (CC). Participants: The National Cancer Institute DICER1 syndrome cohort included 145 individuals with a DICER1 germline mutation and 135 family controls from 48 families. Interventions: Each individual completed a detailed medical history questionnaire. A subset underwent a 3-day evaluation at the NIH CC. Main Outcome Measures: The cumulative incidence of MNG (or thyroidectomy) was quantified using the complement of the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. We compared the observed number of thyroid cancers in the NCI DICER1 cohort with matched data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. We performed germline and somatic (thyroid cancer, MNG) DICER1 sequencing. Results: By the age of 40 years, the cumulative incidence of MNG or thyroidectomy was 75% in women and 17% in men with DICER1 syndrome compared with 8% of control women (P < 0.001) and 0% of control men (P = 0.0096). During 3937 person-years of observation, individuals with DICER1 syndrome had a 16-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer (95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 41; P < 0.05) compared with the SEER rates. Of 19 MNG nodules and 3 thyroid cancers, 16 (84%) and 3 (100%), respectively, harbored germline and somatic pathogenic DICER1 mutations. Conclusions: We propose a model of thyroid carcinogenesis in DICER1 syndrome. Early-onset, familial, or male MNG should prompt consideration of the presence of DICER1 syndrome.
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Herrgott, Grayson, Ruicong She, Thais Sabedot, Michael Wells, Karam Asmaro, Tathiane Malta, Maritza Mosella et al. „OTME-5. Meningioma liquid biopsy specimens exhibit contrasting immune-cell landscapes across methylation-subtypes and estimated recurrence risk subgroups“. Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_2 (01.07.2021): ii14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab070.056.
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Abstract Background Tumor-infiltrating immune cell compositions have been previously correlated to encouragement or inhibition of tumor growth. This association highlights immune-landscape profiling through non-invasive methods as a crucial step in approaches to treatment of patients with meningioma (MNG), a prevalent primary intracranial tumor. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns can aid in definition and assessment of cell compositions in liquid biopsy serum specimens, and allow for development of machine-learning models with predictive capabilities. Methods We profiled the cfDNA methylome (EPIC array) in liquid biopsy specimens from patients with MNG (n = 63) and nontumor controls (n = 6). We conducted both unsupervised epigenome-wide and supervised analyses of the meningioma methylome. Estimation of immune cell composition was conducted using Python-based methodology, where a reference methylome atlas of chosen cell types (B-cells, CD4- and CD8T-cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, monocytes, cortical neuron, vascular endothelial cells, and healthy meninge) was used to deconvolute the MNG samples. Recurrence risk was estimated using an existing methylation-based Random-Forest classifier previously reported and validated, adapted to our serum-based cohort through employment of translatable meningioma subgroup-specific methylation markers (differentially methylated probes). Results We identified four distinct genome-wide methylation subgroups (k-clusters) of MNG which presented differential tumor micro-environments across all cell types investigated. Application of the DNA methylation-based Random-Forest classifier allowed for categorization of primary MNG serum samples into estimated recurrence-risk subgroups. Significantly contrasting micro-environments for the subgroups were observed across several cell-types, with those MNG more likely to recur displaying depletion in cell types reported to improve anti-tumoral response in many tumors (e.g. T-Cells). Conclusions DNA methylation based deconvolution allowed for detection of contrasting tumor microenvironment compositions across MNG methylation subtypes and recurrence-risk estimation subgroups. These results suggest that microenvironment profiling can be informative of probable tumor behavior and prognostic outcomes, helping guide therapeutic approaches towards treatment of patients with MNG.
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Grauzdytė, Dovilė, Jovilė Raudoniūtė, Ieva Kulvinskienė, Edvardas Bagdonas, Inga Stasiulaitienė, Dainius Martuzevičius, Daiva Bironaitė, Rūta Aldonytė und Petras Venskutonis. „Cytoprotective Effects of Mangiferin and Z-Ligustilide in PAH-Exposed Human Airway Epithelium in Vitro“. Nutrients 11, Nr. 2 (22.01.2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020218.
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According to World Health Organisation (WHO) air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders, respiratory diseases, including COPD, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections, neuro-degenerative and other diseases. It is also known that various phytochemicals may mitigate such risks. This study tested if phytochemicals mangiferin (MNG) and Z-ligustilide (Z-LG) may protect PAH-exposed human lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Organic PAH extract was obtained from the urban fine PM with high benzo(a)pyrene content collected in Eastern European mid-sized city during winter heating season. Cell proliferation traits and levels of intracellular oxidative stress were examined. Effect of MNG (0.5 µg/mL) alone or in combination with PAH on bronchial epithelium wound healing was evaluated. Both phytochemicals were also evaluated for their antioxidant properties in acellular system. Treatment with MNG produced strong cytoprotective effect on PAH-exposed cells (p < 0.01) while Z-LG (0.5 µg/mL) exhibited strong negative effect on cell proliferation in untreated and PAH-exposed cells (p < 0.001). MNG, being many times stronger antioxidant than Z-LG in chemical in vitro assays (p < 0.0001), was also able to decrease PAH-induced oxidative stress in the cell cultures (p < 0.05). Consequently MNG ameliorates oxidative stress, speeds up wound healing process and restores proliferation rate in PAH-exposed bronchial epithelium. Such protective effects of MNG in air pollution affected airway epithelium stimulate further research on this promising phytochemical.
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Torki, Sahar, Masoumeh Nezhadali und Mehdi Hedayati. „Association Between Vaspin Gene Polymorphism and Serum Vaspin Level in Women With Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Multinodular Goiter“. Qom Univ Med Sci J 16, Nr. 9 (01.12.2022): 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/qums.16.9.1416.3.
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Background and Objectives: Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine. Various studies have shown that vaspin is associated with many types of cancer. This study aims to determine the association of vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism with vaspin level in women with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and Multinodular goiter (MNG). Methods: In this case-control study participants were 134 women. They were divided into three groups; PTC (n=49), MNG (n=30) and control (n=55). Ten milliliter peripheral blood samples were taken from participants, 5 ml was used for DNA extraction and 5 ml for preparation of serum. The vaspin level was measured by Sandwich ELISA kit. The genotype determination of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism was done using the tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system/polymerase chain reaction method. Results: There were no significant difference in serum vaspin level among the three groups. There was no significant association between genotypes of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism and serum vaspin level in any groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the difference in the frequency of the genotypes of rs2236242 polymorphism in the MNG group was significant compared to the control group. The TA genotype showed a protective effect against PTC and MNG (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in vaspin level between PTC, MNG and control groups. There is no association between rs2236242 gene polymorphism and serum vaspin level. The TA genotype of rs2236242 has a protective effect against MNG.
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Ho, Y. C., I. Norli, Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi und N. Morad. „Extraction, characterization and application of malva nut gum in water treatment“. Journal of Water and Health 13, Nr. 2 (08.09.2014): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.100.
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In view of green developments in water treatment, plant-based flocculants have become the focus due to their safety, degradation and renewable properties. In addition, cost and energy-saving processes are preferable. In this study, malva nut gum (MNG), a new plant-based flocculant, and its composite with Fe in water treatment using single mode mixing are demonstrated. The result presents a simplified extraction of the MNG process. MNG has a high molecular weight of 2.3 × 105 kDa and a high negative charge of −58.7 mV. From the results, it is a strong anionic flocculant. Moreover, it is observed to have a branch-like surface structure. Therefore, it conforms to the surface of particles well and exhibits good performance in water treatment. In water treatment, the Fe-MNG composite treats water at pH 3.01 and requires a low concentration of Fe and MNG of 0.08 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively, when added to the system. It is concluded that for a single-stage flocculation process, physico-chemical properties such as molecular weight, charge of polymer, surface morphology, pH, concentration of cation and concentration of biopolymeric flocculant affect the flocculating performance.
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Pelizzo, Maria Rosa, Paolo Bernante, Antonio Toniato und Ambrogio Fassina. „Frequency of Thyroid Carcinoma in a Recent Series of 539 Consecutive Thyroidectomies for Multinodular Goiter“. Tumori Journal 83, Nr. 3 (Mai 1997): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300305.
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Aims and background The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a consecutive series of 539 thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter (MNG) and to assess the influence of sex and age as cancer risk factors. Methods In a 2-year period, 539 patients underwent subtotal or total thyroidectomy for MNG at the Institute of General Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy: 455 were females and 84 males (F/M = 5.5/1); mean age was 46 years (min. 17, max 78). Only 17 patients (3.1%) (16 females and 1 male) were aged 21 years or less. Results A malignancy was found in 41 patients: 38 females and 3 males; 39 older and 2 younger than 21 years. The frequency of cancer in MNG was 7.6%: 8.3% in females and 3.6% in males; 7.5% in patients older than 21 and 11.7% under 21 years. Conclusions The combination of MNG and carcinoma should always be carefully considered but not overemphasized, and the policy of surgically treating all patients with MNG is not justified. Sex and age cannot be considered as factors of a higher risk of cancer.
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Oommen, R., N. M. Walter und N. R. Tulasi. „Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer“. Acta Radiologica 35, Nr. 3 (Mai 1994): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500305.
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Scintigraphy is part of the routine examination of thyroid disease, yet there are few published reports on its utility and pitfalls. Out of 2 025 consecutive thyroid examinations after excluding 230 cases of proven thyroid malignancies, 403 patients who underwent surgery were studied for histopathologic correlation. There were 232 with cold nodules, 143 with multinodular goiters (MNG) and 28 with uniformly increased uptake suggestive of toxic goiter. Malignancy was reported in 72 of the 232 cold nodules (31%). In solitary nodules, the examination was useful in selecting cases for surgery and, in cold lesions, for planning of surgery. In the majority of patients with MNG or thyrotoxicosis who were operated on, scintigraphy provided no additional information. MNG requires scintigraphy only in selected cases where there is strong suspicion of malignancy. Contrary to reports in the literature, papillary carcinoma was found to be associated with MNG in our patients.
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Fast, Søren, Viveque Egsgaard Nielsen, Steen Joop Bonnema und Laszlo Hegedüs. „Time to reconsider nonsurgical therapy of benign non-toxic multinodular goitre: focus on recombinant human TSH augmented radioiodine therapy“. European Journal of Endocrinology 160, Nr. 4 (April 2009): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-08-0779.
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The treatment of benign multinodular goitre (MNG) is controversial, but surgery is recommended in large compressive goitres. While some patients decline surgery others may have contraindications due to comorbidity, since MNG is prevalent in the elderly. Therefore, non-surgical treatment alternatives are needed. Until recently, levothyroxine therapy was the preferred non-surgical alternative, but due to low efficacy and potential side-effects, it is not recommended for routine use in recent international guidelines. Conventional radioiodine (131I) therapy has been used for two decades as an effective and safe alternative to surgery in the treatment of symptomatic non-toxic MNG. Since much higher activities of131I are employed when treating non-toxic rather than toxic MNG, there has been reluctance in many countries to use this treatment modality. Frequently, the131I -uptake in a non-toxic MNG is low, which makes131I therapy less feasible. Another challenge is the negative correlation between the initial goitre size and goitre volume reduction (GVR). With its ability to more than double the thyroid131I-uptake, recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) increases the absorbed radiation dose and thus enhances the GVR by 35–56% at the expense of up to fivefold higher rate of permanent hypothyroidism. An alternative strategy is to reduce the administered131I-activity with a factor corresponding to the rhTSH induced increase in131I-uptake. Hereby, the extrathyroidal irradiation can be reduced without compromising efficacy. Thus, although in its infancy, and still experimental, rhTSH-augmented131I therapy may profoundly alter the non-surgical treatment of benign non-toxic MNG.
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Tug, E., N. Sengül, H. Aydin und E. E. Yilmaz. „The Impact of the D727e Polymorphism has no Significant Role in Multi Nodular Goiter“. Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 15, Nr. 2 (01.12.2012): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2013-0009.
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ABSTRACT Interactions between individual genetic and environ- mental factors determine the onset of the multi nodular goiter (MNG). The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene is a convincing candidate gene in the pathogenesis of certain thyroid diseases including MNG. We investigated the codon 727 polymorphism (p.Asp727Glu, p.D727E) of the human TSHR gene using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphim (PCR-RFLP) methods in 31 Turkish patients with MNG and in 30 control subjects, aiming to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and MNG. After genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification was performed using a pair of primers in exon 10 of the TSHR gene that contains the p.D727E polymorphism and digested by the NlaIII (Hin1II) restriction enzyme. We found the CC and CG genotype incidence for the patient group to be 0.71 and 0.29, respectively, and for the control group to be 0.8 and 0.2, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the genotype and allele distribution of both groups (p = 0.417 and p = 0.449, respectively). However, the polymorphism is significantly correlated with the low serum level of the TSH (p = 0.047). These results suggest that the p.D727E polymorphism of the TSHR gene may not contribute to the pathogenesis of nontoxic MNG diseases.
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Kamenov, Zdravko A., Vera N. Karamfilova und Georgi N. Chavrakov. „Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Unselected Consecutive Patients with Thyroid Nodules“. ISRN Endocrinology 2011 (14.07.2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/284837.
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The objective was to analyze the results of UG-FNAB, performed in unselected consecutive patients with thyroid nodules. Methods. The UG-FNAB records were analyzed in this retrospective study. Indication for biopsy was the presence of at least one nodule detected by ultrasound. Results. 330 patients at mean age ± SD 48.4 ± 11.2 years; women/men = 12.8/1 were analyzed. From the total 596 nodules found 546 (91.6%) were investigated with 1231 punctures (2.3 per nodule and 3.7 per patient). Benign solitary nodules had 42.7%, multinodular goiter (MNG) 44.8%, inconclusive 4.8%, and others 2.1% and malignant nodules 5.5% of the patients (6.6% of solitary and 5.1% of MNG patients). The risk for a separate nodule in MNG to be malignant was 2.7%. Conclusions. UG-FNAB is a safe and reliable diagnostic approach for thyroid nodules. It is the method of choice for hypo- and isoechoic not purely cystic solitary nodules, regardless of the nodule size. In MNG, its positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy are lower. The final decision for regular US monitoring, UG-FNAB of the dominant nodule, multipuncture UG-FNAB or surgical exploration is one of complex appraisal. We consider UG-FNAB appropriate for most nodules in MNG, according to the above mentioned criteria.
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Mudassira Zahid, Anum Usman, Kiran Tauseef, Humaira Zaffar, Awais Niaz und Noor Khan. „Frequency of Incidental Carcinoma in Thyroids Operated for Multinodular Goiter“. Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 10, Nr. 2 (29.06.2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i2.487.
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Background: Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a common disease in Pakistan. However, malignancy can be found occasionally on histopathological examination of resected goiter specimens. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of malignant lesions on histopathological examination in thyroid specimens operated for multinodular goiter.Material and Methods: A total of 154 patients undergoing thyroid surgery with preoperative diagnosis of multinodular goiter (MNG) at Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan were included in this study. The preoperative diagnosis of MNG was made upon physical examination of thyroid and ultrasound (n=62 cases) and FNAC (n=43 cases) was done in selected cases. Gross examination was done and sections were taken from areas of thyroid with varied appearances including hemorrhagic, solid, firm, white, gray, gelatinous as well as necrotic areas. Qualitative variables, were calculated in terms of percentages and mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables.Results: Of the 154 patients with preoperative diagnosis of MNG, there were 139 (90%) female and only 15 (10%) male patients. The age range was 14-60 years with a mean age of 36 ± 10 years The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in patients operated for clinical diagnosis of MNG was 8% (n=12). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most frequent type of malignancy (83.3%; n=10). Multifocality (60%; n=6), bilaterality (33.3%; n=4) and left lobe involvement (80%; n=8) of thyroid were more common. Microcarcinoma (measuring 1cm or less) was found in 50% (n=5) of these PTC. Histological type of papillary carcinomas greater than 1 cm were follicular variant (n=3; 30%) and conventional (n=2; 20%) types. The maximum measurement of the tumor was 2 cm. In all cases of PTC, rest of the thyroid showed MNG on histopathology.Conclusions: Incidental finding of thyroid malignancy in clinically diagnosed cases of MNG is not unusual. Papillary carcinoma of thyroid is the most common incidental malignant finding in these cases. Multilocularity in thyroid is not an indicator of benign disease process.
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Alqahtani, Sarah M., Rawaa N. Alwohaibi, Mohammed S. Alahmari und Turki M. Almuhaimid. „Multinodular goiter with a retropharyngeal extension: A report of two cases and literature review“. Journal of Family and Community Medicine 31, Nr. 2 (April 2024): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_263_23.
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Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a chronic benign nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland. It presents as an anterior painless neck mass, potentially progressing to exert pressure on the trachea and esophagus and giving rise to compressive symptoms. MNG is a common thyroid gland disorder; however, retropharyngeal goiter is considered rare with few reported cases. We report the cases of two patients who presented to our institution with MNG with retropharyngeal extension: a 62-year-old female patient who presented with a progressive anterior neck mass with dilated neck veins; and a 49-year-old male who presented with a painless anterior neck mass. Both patients successfully underwent total thyroidectomy with an uneventful postoperative recovery. The clinical presentation of MNG with retropharyngeal extension varies with patients; hence, a high index of suspicion is of the utmost significance. While the retropharyngeal extension does not cause compressive symptoms, it should raise the suspicion of a large retrosternal component.
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Cohen-Kerem, Raanan, Pinhas Schachter, Maxim Sheinfeld, Elzbieta Baron und Oded Cohen. „Multinodular Goiter: The Surgical Procedure of Choice“. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, Nr. 6 (Juni 2000): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59980070012-x.
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Surgical management of multinodular goiter (MNG) poses an ongoing dilemma between radical resection with its associated complications and partial resection, which carries the risk of recurrence and increased morbidity and difficulty for rethyroidectomy. This study was designed to evaluate the recurrence rate and need for reoperation in a carefully selected population of MNG patients, after nontotal thyroidectomy. The study addressed a highly selected population of patients who were treated and thoroughly evaluated at one surgical department for several years. We analyzed the recurrence rate of MNG in 124 patients. The follow-up duration extended from 6 to 516 months (mean 93 months). The general recurrence rate for all nontotal bilateral thyroidectomies was 21% (21/100 patients), increasing from 13.4% to 60% according to the extent of resection. The average time for recurrence was 105 months (8.75 years). Among the patients with recurrent MNG, only 4 (4% of the patients with nontotal bilateral thyroidectomy) required secondary surgical interventions with no resultant morbidity. In our series of very highly selected patients, the recurrence rate for nontotal thyroidectomy was high (21%); however, the need for secondary surgical intervention was low (4%). Thus nontotal thyroidectomy for MNG is legitimate. However, we suggest that the surgical procedure of choice be tailored according to the severity of the disease and the patient's general condition.
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BHATTI,, ZULFIQAR ALI, JAVED AHMED PHULPOTO, und NOOR AHMED SHAIKH,. „MULTINODULAR GOITER;“. Professional Medical Journal 20, Nr. 06 (15.12.2013): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.06.1784.
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Objective: The object of this study was to determine the frequency and type of thyroid carcinoma in Multi nodular goiter(MNG) after surgical resection on histopathological basis. Introduction: Multi nodular goiter (MNG) is one of the common presentationsof various thyroid diseases. Thyroid nodules have been reported to be found in 4% to 7% of the population on neck palpation. Although incomparison to solitary nodule, the risk of malignancy in MNG is low but certain studies are showing significant risk. Material andmethods: This prospective, observational study was carried out in the surgical unit I of Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical collegehospital sukkur from 2007 to 2012. 94 cases with clinical diagnosis of MNG were analyzed during this period. All the patients wereadmitted through opd with routine investigations plus investigations specific to thyroid including thyroid profile, thyroid scan, FNAC ofdominant nodule before being subjected to surgery. All FNACs were carried out at agha khan university hospital Karachi. Histopathologyof operated specimen was the main criteria for malignancy. Results: Among the 94 cases which were included in this study, 9 (9.5%)cases containing foci of malignancy. Incidence of malignancy commonly occurs in females, papillary carcinoma is being the commonestentity. Conclusions: The incidence of malignancy in MNG in this study is 9.5% that is quite high. So people should be educated andencouraged to attend the thyroid clinics for proper evaluation and early diagnosis of Malignancy.
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Ma, Huan, Ling Ma und Liang-Cai Ma. „Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn-doped graphene by gas adsorption and effect of external electric field: First-principles study“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, Nr. 16 (30.06.2019): 1950166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219501662.
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The effect of gas molecule (H2CO, NO, NO2, O2 and SO2) adsorption on the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn-doped graphene (MnG) is investigated by first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). Our study reveals that after H2CO, NO, NO2 and SO2 adsorption, MnG transforms from half-metal to semiconductor, and this transformation indicates that MnG’s conductivity is changed significantly. Meanwhile, O2 adsorption has no influence on MnG’s original electronic property. Therefore, the substrate of MnG is highly sensitive to H2CO, NO, NO2 and SO2. The reconfiguration of electron distribution caused by gas adsorption dramatically alters the spin polarization distribution of the combined system, that is, NO2 and H2CO adsorption leads to local spin polarization, whereas O2, NO and SO2 adsorption result in complete spin polarization. In addition, the external electric field (E-field) is varied from −0.50 V/Å to +0.50 V/Å then applied to the adsorption system. A strong interaction is observed between gas and MnG with a positive E-field as reflected in the enhancement of adsorption energy. The interaction is obviously weakened by introducing the E-field in the negative direction. Hence, the adsorption strength and sensitivity of gas on MnG can be effectively tuned by the E-field. The results can serve as useful references for the design of graphene-based gas sensor.
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Beltrame, Thomas, und Richard L. Hughson. „Aerobic system analysis based on oxygen uptake and hip acceleration during random over-ground walking activities“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, Nr. 1 (01.01.2017): R93—R100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00381.2016.
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Deteriorated aerobic response to moderate exercise might precede the manifestation of clinical symptoms of noncommunicable diseases. The purpose of the current study was to verify that the use of current wearable technologies for analysis of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) dynamics during a pseudorandom ternary sequence (PRTS) over-ground walking protocol is a suitable procedure for the investigation of the aerobic response in more realistic settings. A wearable accelerometer located at the hip assessed the magnitude of the input changes delivered to the aerobic system. Eight adults (24 ± 4 yr old, 174 ± 7 cm, and 71.4 ± 7.4 kg) performed two identical PRTS over-ground walking protocols. In addition, they performed on the cycle ergometer two identical pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) protocols and one incremental protocol for maximal V̇o2 determination. In the frequency domain, mean normalized gain amplitude (MNG in %) quantified V̇o2 dynamics. The MNG during PRTS was correlated ( r = −0.80, P = 0.01) with the V̇o2 time constant (τ) obtained during cycling. The MNG estimated during PRBS was similar to the MNG estimated during PRTS ( r = 0.80, P = 0.01). The maximal V̇o2 correlated with the MNG obtained during the PRBS ( r = 0.79, P = 0.01) and PRTS ( r = 0.78, P = 0.02) protocols. In conclusion, PRTS over-ground walking protocol can be used to evaluate the aerobic system dynamics by the simultaneous measurement of V̇o2 and hip acceleration. In addition, the aerobic response dynamics from PRBS and PRTS were correlated to maximal V̇o2. This study has shown that wearable technologies in combination with assessment of MNG, a novel indicator of system dynamics, open new possibilities to monitor cardiorespiratory health under conditions that better simulate activities of daily living than cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed in a medical environment.
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Shirazkeytabar, Khadijeh, S. Adeleh Razavi, Raziyeh Abooshahab, Pouya Salehipour, Mahdi Akbarzadeh, Ahmadreza Soroush, Mehdi Hedayati und Shirzad Nasiri. „Elevated Plasma Levels of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP; A New Observation in Patients with Thyroid Nodules“. Archives of Iranian Medicine 26, Nr. 6 (01.06.2023): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2023.51.
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Background: Based on the critical role of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP in carcinogenesis, we focused on MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP circulating levels in patients with thyroid nodules. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from three groups, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; n=30), multinodular goiter (MNG; n=30), and healthy subjects (n=22). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to obtain the concentration of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP in the three groups. Results: Analysis of data demonstrated increased levels of MT4-MMP (PTC: 4.90±1.35, MNG: 4.89±1.37, and healthy: 3.13±1.42) and MT6-MMP (PTC: 8.29±2.50, MNG: 7.34±2.09, and healthy:5.01±2.13) in thyroid nodules by comparison with healthy subjects (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of the two MT-MMPs between PTC and MNG (P>0.05). Increased plasma levels of MT4-MMP (odds ratio=2.48; 95% CI: 1.46–4.19; P=0.001) or MT6-MMP (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI: 1.29–2.53; P=0.001) were associated with increased risk of PTC tumorigenesis. Interestingly, a strong positive association was observed between MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP in the three groups (PTC: r=0.766**, P=0.000; MNG: r=0.856**, P=0.000; healthy r=0.947**, P=0.000). Areas under the ROC curve for MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP were 0.82 and 0.96, respectively. At the cutoff value>4.7 (ng/mL), MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP showed a sensitivity of 63.3% and 90.0%, respectively, with 100% specificity. Conclusion: Our work has led us to imply that the higher levels of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP are closely linked with both PTC and MNG tumorigenesis. They may probably promote the development of thyroid lesions; however, more research is needed to further clarify the current findings.
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Webb, Bruce A., und Richard W. Ziolkowski. „A Metamaterial-Inspired Approach to Mitigating Radio Frequency Blackout When a Plasma Forms Around a Reentry Vehicle“. Photonics 7, Nr. 4 (06.10.2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040088.
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Radio frequency (RF) blackout and attenuation have been observed during atmospheric reentry since the advent of space exploration. The effects range from severe attenuation to complete loss of communications and can last from 90 s to 10 min depending on the vehicle’s trajectory. This paper examines a way of using a metasurface to improve the performance of communications during reentry. The technique is viable at low plasma densities and matches a split-ring resonator (SRR)-based mu-negative (MNG) sheet to the epsilon-negative (ENG) plasma region. Considering the MNG metasurface as a window to the exterior of a reentry vehicle, its matched design yields high transmission of an electromagnetic plane wave through the resulting MNG-ENG metastructure into the region beyond it. A varactor-based SRR design facilitates tuning the MNG layer to ENG layers with different plasma densities. Both simple and Huygens dipole antennas beneath a matched metastructure are then employed to demonstrate the consequent realization of significant signal transmission through it into free space beyond the exterior ENG plasma layer.
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Bakhsh, A., G. Kirov, J. W. Gregory, E. D. Williams und M. Ludgate. „A new form of familial multi-nodular goitre with progression to differentiated thyroid cancer“. Endocrine-Related Cancer 13, Nr. 2 (Juni 2006): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01138.
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We report a kindred with euthyroid multi-nodular goitre (MNG) of adolescent onset. Two of the seven subjects with MNG have progressed to papillary thyroid cancer. One affected male had nodular kidney disease, and breast cancer occurred in one affected female. Genes that were candidates on the basis of the associated kidney (PAX8) and breast diseases (sodium iodide symporter (NIS)), were sequenced. No mutations were found in the coding region, intron/exon splice sites or in the promoter sequences (from −1248 relative to the translation initiation codon) of PAX8. Similar results were obtained for NIS. Subsequently, microsatellite analyses were performed on 14 informative family members. We used 2 to 3 markers per locus for 6 loci (on chromosomes 1,2,3,14,19,X) previously reported to predispose to MNG and/or familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC). On the basis of non-significant logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD) scores or inheritance of different alleles in affected individuals, all loci have been excluded. Thyroidectomy specimens from three members of the kindred show multiple benign lesions, with papillary cancer in two. The morphological features do not resemble those seen in familial adenomatous polyposis, Cowden syndrome, or in multiple oxyphil lesions. From these findings and from the absence of any linkage to any of the known loci associated with MNG or FNMTC, we suggest that this represents a new form of inherited MNG with a significant risk of progression to papillary carcinoma.
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Lee, Ching Chin, Fatimah Harun, Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin, Choon Han Heh, Rozana Othman und Sarni Mat Junit. „A Novel, Homozygous c.1502T>G (p.Val501Gly) Mutation in theThyroid peroxidaseGene in Malaysian Sisters with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Multinodular Goiter“. International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/987186.
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Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with multinodular goiter (MNG) is uncommonly seen in children. However, CH associated with goiter is often caused by defectiveThyroid peroxidase(TPO) gene. In this study, we screened for mutation(s) in theTPOgene in two siblings with CH and MNG and their healthy family members. The two sisters, born to consanguineous parents, were diagnosed with CH during infancy and received treatment since then. They developed MNG during childhood despite adequate L-thyroxine replacement and negative thyroid antibody screening. PCR-amplification of all exons using flanking primers followed by DNA sequencing revealed that the two sisters were homozygous for a novel c.1502T>G mutation. The mutation is predicted to substitute valine for glycine at a highly conserved amino acid residue 501 (p.Val501Gly). Other healthy family members were either heterozygotes or mutation-free. The mutation was not detected in 50 healthy unrelated individuals.In silicoanalyses using PolyPhen-2 and SIFT predicted that the p.Val501Gly mutation is functionally “damaging.” Tertiary modeling showed structural alterations in the active site of the mutant TPO. In conclusion, a novel mutation, p.Val501Gly, in theTPOgene was detected expanding the mutation spectrum ofTPOassociated with CH and MNG.
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Graf, Hans. „THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Recombinant human TSH and radioactive iodine therapy in the management of benign multinodular goiter“. European Journal of Endocrinology 172, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): R47—R52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0608.
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Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a very common thyroid disorder determined by diverse goitrogenic factors, the most important one being iodine deficiency. The clinical presentation of a patient with MNG varies from a completely asymptomatic goiter to a life-threatening disease due to upper airway compression. Patients can develop underlying subclinical or overt hyperthyroidism due to autonomously hyperfunctioning nodules. In the absence of clinical, ultrasonographic, or cytological findings suggestive of malignancy, the best therapeutic approach for a patient with MNG will depend on the size and location of the goiter, the presence and severity of compressive symptoms, and the presence or absence of thyrotoxicosis. There is still no consensus regarding the treatment of atoxic MNGs. Hence, its optimal management remains controversial; possible therapies include levothyroxine (lT4), surgery, and radioactive iodine (131I). Suppressive treatment withlT4is discouraged due to the development of sub-clinical or overt hyperthyroidism and to its low efficacy when compared with surgery or131I. Total thyroidectomy is effective; however, it is associated with the risk of surgical complications and is often refused by the patient.131I therapy is an alternative to thyroid surgery to reduce the size of benign MNGs. Based on the ability of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) to more than double thyroid131I uptake, this compound has been evaluated as an adjuvant to131I in the treatment of MNG. Very small doses of rhTSH have been used in patients with MNG and few safety concerns have been observed, but the ideal dose, both effective and safe, is yet to be defined.
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KARSLI, T. „Assessment of genetic diversity and conservation priorities in some Turkish indigenous Hair goat populations by microsatellite loci“. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, Nr. 5 (10.09.2020): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104615.
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Genetic diversity in livestock breeds is required for breeding studies, response to environmental changes and sustainable production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in Hair goats reared in 9 districts of Antalya province and to determine the populations that have the highest contribution to the total genetic diversity. For this purpose, 180 samples from 9 districts (Korkuteli-KRK, Elmalý-ELM, Kaþ-KAS, Demre-DMR, Manavgat- MNG, Gündoðmuþ-GND, Ýbradý-IBR, Akseki-AKS and Gazipaþa-GZP) of Antalya province were genotyped by 20 microsatellite loci. The mean number of alleles per locus for each population ranged from 8.45 (GND) to 9.25 (MNG), while mean number of effective allele varied between 5.40 (GND) and 6.22 (MNG). The lowest average observed heterozygosity was in the ELM populations (0.71) while the highest Ho value detected in KAS populations (0.78). Mean expected heterozygosity values varied from 0.80 (GND) to 0.84 (DMR, MNG). Mean PIC values ranged from 0.77 (GND, AKS) to 0.80 (DMR, MNG) in populations. Inbreeding coefficients were detected between 0.05 (KAS) and 0.13 (ELM) in district populations. According to two different methods, the highest contribution to the total genetic diversity comes from KAS (-0.244) and AKS populations (0.482). In conclusion, high genetic diversity and low level of inbreeding were determined in Turkish indigenous Hair goats. Hair goats have great potential for breeding studies and for adaptation to the environmental conditions that will possibly change in the future. Especially, genetic variation in KAS and AKS populations should be conserved.
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Wang, Yan, Yue Liu, Pei Hu, Wenxia Shi, Bingbing Zhang und Xiaoqian Li. „Effect of Meticulous Nursing on Negative Situation, Clinical Symptom and Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgery“. Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, Nr. 5 (30.09.2021): 2596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.1.29.
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To explore the effect of meticulous nursing on postoperative recovery and adverse reactions of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery. From February 2018 to February 2019, 104 patients with BPH who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected. Forty-eight patients with BPH who received routine nursing were included in the routine nursing group (RNG). A total of 56 patients undergoing BPH surgery were included in the meticulous nursing group (MNG), who received meticulous nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing. The scores of self-rating depression scale (BDI), self-rating anxiety scale (BAI), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), quality of life, complications and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups after nursing. After nursing, the levels of BDI, BAI, HAMA and HAMD in both groups were obviously lower than those before nursing, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). After nursing, the levels of HAMA and HAMD in MNG were obviously lower than those in RNG, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The nursing safety, disinfection and isolation, management of instruments and equipment, preparation of surgical instruments, standardization of nursing operation and nursing staff cooperation scores in MNG were obviously better than those in RNG (P<0.001). The total nursing satisfaction of patients in MNG was obviously higher than that in RNG, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the two groups, the QOL-C30 scale scores of physical health, mental health, material life and social function in MNG were obviously higher than those in RNG, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). After nursing intervention, the incidence of complications in MNG was obviously lower than that in RNG (P<0.05). On the basis of routine nursing, meticulous nursing intervention can better improve the emotion regulation and quality of life of patients undergoing BPH surgery, and reduce their incidence of postoperative complications to some extent.
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Nakajima, Hideki, Takuro Tsuchiya und Shigetoshi Shimizu. „MNG-2 Meningioma with aseptic meningitis“. Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_6 (01.12.2021): vi26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab159.102.
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Abstract The patient, a woman in her seventies, visited the Department of Neurology at our hospital one month ago with transient right hemiparesis, and was referred to our department because a CT scan showed a 4cm extramedullary lesion in the left convexity. She was judged to have symptomatic epilepsy associated with the lesion and was started on antiepileptic drugs. The lesion showed low signal on T1WI, equal signal on T2WI, and homogeneous contrast on Gd contrast T1WI, suggesting a meningioma, but the surrounding left frontal lobe subarachnoid space was also contrasted, suggesting the possibility of seeding or other diseases. After that, the contrast area of the subarachnoid space increased in a short period of time, and the control of epileptic seizures was poor. Preoperative spinal fluid examination showed an elevated cell count and findings of aseptic meningitis. A left parietal craniotomy was performed to remove the extramedullary tumor as much as possible. The subarachnoid space of the left frontal lobe adjacent to the tumor was covered with extensive pale yellow apparently abscess-like tissue. The pathological diagnosis of the extramedullary tumor was angiomatous meningioma (WHO Grade 1), and the pale yellow tissue that filled the subarachnoid space was necrotic tissue containing neutrophils and no tumor component. IgG4 was positive in about 10% of the tumor. The postoperative course of the patient was good, the contrast area of the left frontal lobe subarachnoid space was reduced on MRI, aseptic meningitis was improved, and she was discharged home with no neurological deficits. The patient has been under outpatient observation for 2 years without recurrence of aseptic meningitis or appearance of contrast-enhancing lesions in the subarachnoid space. This case is thought to be a possible IgG4-related disease, and we report it with a discussion of the literature.
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Majedi, Mohammad Saeed, und Amir Reza Attari. „Compact MNG zeroth order resonator antenna“. Metamaterials 6, Nr. 1-2 (November 2012): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metmat.2012.09.003.
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E Penna, Gustavo Cancela, Rachel Cardoso Lopes Rego, Gabriela Malta Silva Diniz, Gabriela Maciel Campolina Cardoso, Rudolf Moreira Pfeilsticker, Adelina Sanches, Barbara Moreira Ribeiro Trindade dos Santos und Hans Graf. „Compressive Non-Toxic Intrathoracic Goiter in Patient with Contraindication to Surgical Treatment: Case Report“. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, Nr. 3 (März 2022): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1429.
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Introduction: Thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for non-toxic compressive Multinodular Goiter (MNG). However, when surgery is contraindicated, other therapeutic options should be evaluated. In this case report, non-surgical therapeutic possibilities are reviewed, and the results obtained with Radioiodine Therapy (RAI) after stimulating with Recombinant Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (rhTSH) are described. Case report: A 92-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities, non-toxic MNG, and symptomatic compression of the trachea and esophagus. Accordingly, RAI was chosen due to the high surgical risk. Initially, pre-treatment with methimazole was performed to increase TSH, which was interrupted due to drug hepatitis. Then, RAI was chosen in the post-stimulus with a low dose of rhTSH, with significant and early reduction of goiter and symptoms. Discussion: Although total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for non-toxic and symptomatic intrathoracic MNG; it does present risks, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities. Thus, interest in less invasive techniques is increasing. Thermal radio-ablations exhibit satisfactory results, however it is still an inaccessible technique. Radioiodine is an effective treatment option subsequent to the use of rhTSH or hypothyroidism methimazole-induced. RhTSH and methimazole can increase the level of radiation absorbed by the gland, which can lead to a reduction in the required I-131 dose. Conclusion: It is possible to mitigate the symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with non-toxic and symptomatic MNG and multiple comorbidities, without surgical intervention. In this case report we describe alternatives to surgical intervention and show the effectiveness and safety of RAI along with rhTSH in the management of MNG.
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Jang, Jungwon, und Inah Kim. „Mortality of Suicide and Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases by Occupation in Korea, 1997–2020“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 16 (13.08.2022): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610001.
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Although studies on occupational mortality have been conducted in Korea, the results for occupations with high mortality around 2010 are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine occupational mortality from overwork-related suicide and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) from 1997 to 2020. We used microdata of the Causes of Death Statistics (CDS) and Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) to obtain indirect standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of suicide (X60–X84) and CCVD deaths (I20–I25 and I60–I69) by gender and eight occupational categories. The trend of SMR of suicide and CCVD by occupation was similar within individual genders. The SMR of managers (MNG) was the highest for men and women in 2012–2017 and 2008–2020, respectively, whereas the SMR of professionals and related workers (PRF) was consistently low. Despite the similar socioeconomic status of MNG and PRF, we suggest that their mortality should be analyzed separately in Korea. SMR of suicide and CCVD in female MNG were consistently highest, although the PMR was low. Female MNG may have been more directly affected by the economic crisis. There is a need for work-related stress management, early intervention, and prevention policies in occupations vulnerable to mortality.
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Litvjakov, Nikolay V., Maksim B. Freydin, Ravil M. Takhauov, Alena M. Ageeva, Natalia M. Volkova, Polina V. Ivanina, Olesya O. Goncharik, Elena O. Vasilyeva, Elena V. Skobelskaya und Andrey B. Karpov. „The association gene polymorphisms with risk of cancer in long-term «low-dose» y-irradiation exposure“. Ecological genetics 7, Nr. 4 (15.12.2009): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen7423-33.
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The association of 13 biallelic polymorphisms of genes hOGG1 977C > G, XPD1 2251A > C, XPG1 3310G > C, XRCC1:580C> T, 839G >A, 1196G>A GSTT1 («+»/«-»), GSTM1 («+»/«-»), CYP2C19 681G> A, NOS3: -665C>T, 774С> T, 894G > T, VNTRint4 with risk of development of malignant new growths (MNG) in conditions of "low-dose" ionizing irradiation was investigated. In 1 group of irradiated patients of malignant new growths there are 96 persons, in 2 group of non-irradiated patients of MNG - 135 persons, in 3 control group - 148 healthy irradiated workers of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises. By means of procedure FDR it is shown that only polymorphic variants of gene CYP2C19681G* are authentically associated with risk of occurrence of MNG against an irradiation. 1 genotype consisting of a combination of 5 polymorphic loci is selected. Frequency of occurrence of this genotype in 1 group makes 16,9 % (14/83), in 2 group - 1,0 % (1/100), in 3 group - 0,84 % (1/119). At its carriers in conditions of low-dose irradiation more than in 20 times the risk of occurrence of MNG (OR between 1 and 3 groups (95 % CI) = 24,14 (3,21-502,64) increases; p = 0,0000581, taking into account the correction of Bonferroni р = 0,01046).
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Caplen, Natasha J., Soumya Sundara Rajan, Vernon Ebegboni, Tamara L. Jones, Michael J. Kruhlak, Jan Wisniewski, Patricio Pichling, Katelyn R. Ludwig, Javed Khan und Raj Chari. „Abstract B012: Visualization of EWSR1’s colocalization with phosphorylated RNA-Polymerase II reveals its concentration at a subset of active regions of transcription in ewing sarcoma cells“. Clinical Cancer Research 28, Nr. 18_Supplement (15.09.2022): B012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sarcomas22-b012.
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Abstract EWSR1, a member of the FET protein family, contains low complexity and nucleic acid binding domains and functions in transcription regulation and RNA metabolism. Recent biochemical and EWSR1-depletion studies demonstrated that EWSR1 regulates critical phosphorylation events that control basal transcription. In Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cells, the interaction of EWSR1 and the fusion oncoprotein EWS-FLI1 results in EWSR1 no longer functioning as an effective regulator of transcription, which following DNA damage, enhances R-loop formation. To further elucidate EWSR1’s function in EWS and its contribution to EWS-FLI1’s deregulation of gene expression, we have generated reporter systems to visualize and quantify its endogenous expression within EWS cells. We used CRISPR-Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting sequences at the 5’ end of the first exon of EWSR1 to insert a fluorescent mNeonGreen (mNG) reporter gene into the EWSR1 loci of A673 or TC-32 EWS cell lines. We employed sequencing and RNAi-based analysis to identify and validate successfully modified clones. All modified clones harbored insertions into the unrearranged EWSR1 allele. We then employed super-resolution confocal microscopy to assess EWSR1’s localization in EWS cells. Analysis of modified EWS-cells showed mNG-EWSR1 forms puncta, restricted to the nucleoplasm, consistent with a nuclear protein in an active state. A subset of puncta exhibits a high density (HD) mNG-EWSR1 signal, defined by fluorescence at least twice the background signal. Our results show minimal colocalization of mNG-EWSR1 (total or HD) and a marker of chromatin accessibility, H3K27Ac. A small percentage (~5%) of total Ser5-phosphorylated RNA-pol II (pS5-RP-II), a marker of transcription initiation, colocalizes with total mNG-EWSR1, but critically the HD mNG-EWSR1 puncta all colocalize with pS5-RP-II. About 20% of total Ser2-phosphorylated RNA-pol II (pS2-RP-II), a marker of transcription elongation colocalizes with total mNG-EWSR1. As observed for pS5-RP-II, 100% of HD-mNG-EWSR1 puncta colocalize with pS2-RP-II. Finally, when we examined nuclear speckle structures (SC35/SRSF2 >200 µm), we observed a 20% overlap in their signals. We have seen comparable results using the mNG-EWSR1 expressing A673 cells. These findings demonstrate image-based quantification of endogenous EWSR1’s colocalization with RNA-polymerase II within EWS cells. Overall, EWSR1 colocalizes with about 20% of RNA-pol II in a state consistent with active transcription, and over 90% of high-density EWSR1 colocalizes with phosphorylated RNA pol II. Ongoing studies will assess changes in the distribution of EWSR1’s interactions with different proteins following inhibition of RNA-pol II phosphorylation, alterations in EWS-FLI1 expression, or the disruption of low complexity domain interactions. We anticipate findings from these studies will offer critical insights into the functional interactions that EWSR1 contributes to regulating gene expression in EWS cells. Citation Format: Natasha J. Caplen, Soumya Sundara Rajan, Vernon Ebegboni, Tamara L. Jones, Michael J. Kruhlak, Jan Wisniewski, Patricio Pichling, Katelyn R. Ludwig, Javed Khan, Raj Chari. Visualization of EWSR1’s colocalization with phosphorylated RNA-Polymerase II reveals its concentration at a subset of active regions of transcription in ewing sarcoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Sarcomas; 2022 May 9-12; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(18_Suppl):Abstract nr B012.
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Sulaiman, Tharwat I., Labeed S. Hamid und Mohamad Q. AbdulJabbar. „Incidental Thyroid Carcinoma in Patients Treated Surgically for Thyroid Disease“. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 61, Nr. 2 (07.12.2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6121702.
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Background: The occurrence of incidental thyroid cancer (ITC) has increased by three times during the last decades and this rise could be attributed to many factors. To limit the prevalence of ITC with goiter especially nodular goiter, total thyroidectomy can become a procedure of choice.
Objective: To determine the extent of incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) and to plan a proper preoperative diagnostic work up and a convenient operative procedure for patients with different thyroid diseases.
Results: ITC was found in 77 patients (19.15%). While, 63 patients with non-toxic MNG (15.6%), 12 patients with non-toxic solitary thyroid nodule (3%) and two patients (0.5%) with toxic MNG were observed in the study. Out of 77 patients with ITC, 56(72.7%) were ˂45 years and the remaining 21 (27.3%) ≥45 years. The 15 patients were males and 62 patients were females in these groups.
Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted during the period from October 2013 to October 2016 at Baghdad teaching hospital (main tertiary hospital in Iraq), first surgical unit by a single surgeon and his trainees. The study included 473 patients who were referred for surgical treatment of different thyroid diseases. About 71 patients were excluded from the study due to the diagnosis of malignancy (MNG) by FNAC or history of surgery. The remaining 402 patients were evaluated for the presence of the cancer by post-operative pathological examination.
Conclusions: Although ITC in this study is relatively high especially in MNG; a more radical surgical treatment seems needed in the management of patients with presumably benign thyroid disease. The authors identify a potential benefit in performing total thyroidectomy instead of near or subtotal when considering management of MNG.
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JB, Hughes. „Key Enzymes in the Nitroglycerin Degradation Pathway“. Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 4, Nr. 1 (26.01.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000155.
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Nitroglycerin (NG), widely used in explosives, propellants and pharmaceuticals, can be found in contaminated groundwater and soil and poses potential hazards to the environment. Arthrobacter sp. JBH1 was the first bacterial isolate able to grow on nitroglycerin (NG) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The initial reaction and some of the enzymes involved in the NG transformation pathway were proposed, but the genes that encode the initial enzymes and the mechanism of release of the third nitrate group were unknown. In order to rigorously establish the degradation pathway, four old yellow enzyme (OYE) homologs from the genome of JBH1, and a glycerol kinase homolog, MngP, involved in the lower NG transformation pathway were overexpressed and purified from E. coli. The enzyme assays showed that the old yellow enzyme, PfvA, was 8 times more effective than PfvC in catalyzing the initial step of NG transformation. In addition to 1,2-dinitroglycerin (1,2-DNG), 1,3-DNG was a major denitration product. PfvA could also catalyze the transformation of both DNG isomers to 1-MNG and/or 2-MNG. 1-MNG was then subject to phosphorylation by MngP. Another key finding of this study is that the phosphorylated 1-MNG is a substrate for PfvC, which can catalyze removal of the last nitro group to produce glycerol-3-phosphate that enters central metabolism
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Gao, Jie, Fei Hao und Doo-Soon Park. „On the Computation of Concept Stability Based on Maximal Non-Generator for Social Networking Services“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 23 (02.12.2020): 8618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238618.
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The concept stability measure under the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) theory is useful for improving the accuracy of structure identification of social networks. Nevertheless, the stability calculation is an NP-complete task which is the primary challenges in practical. Most existing studies have focused on the approximate estimate to calculate the stability. Therefore, we focus on introducing the Maximal Non-Generator-based Stability Calculation (MNG-SC) algorithm that directly deals with accurate stability calculation to pave the way for FCA’s application in structures identification of social networks. Specifically, a novel perspective of stability calculation by linking it to Maximal Non-Generator (MNG) is first provided. Then, the equivalence between maximal non-generator and lower neighbor concept is first proved, which greatly improves scalability and reduces computational complexity. The performed experiments show that the MNG-SC outperforms the pioneering approaches of the literature. Furthermore, a case study of identifying abnormal users in social networks is presented, which demonstrates the effectiveness and potential application of our algorithm.
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Soltani, Amina, Bela Kajtar, El Husseiny Mohamed Mahmud Abdelwahab, Anita Steib, Zsolt Horvath, Laszlo Mangel, Luca Jaromi und Judit E. Pongracz. „Is an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment a Characteristic of Both Intra- and Extraparenchymal Central Nervous Tumors?“ Pathophysiology 28, Nr. 1 (08.01.2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28010004.
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In spite of intensive research, the survival rates of patients diagnosed with tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) have not improved significantly in the last decade. Immunotherapy as novel and efficacious treatment option in several other malignancies has failed in neuro-oncology likely due to the immunosuppressive property of the brain tissues. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant CNS neoplasm, while meningioma (MNG) is a mainly low grade or benign brain tumor originating from the non-glial tissues of the CNS. The aim of the current preliminary study is to compare the immune microenvironment of MNG and GBM as potential target in immunotherapy. Interestingly, the immune microenvironment of MNG and GBM have proved to be similar. In both tumors types the immune suppressive elements including regulatory T cells (Treg), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were highly elevated. The cytokine environment supporting Treg differentiation and the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) have also increased the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The results of the present study show an immune suppressive microenvironment in both brain tumor types. In a follow-up study with a larger patient cohort can provide detailed background information on the immune status of individual patients and aid selection of the best immune checkpoint inhibitor or other immune modulatory therapy. Immune modulatory treatments in combination with IDO1 inhibitors might even become alternative therapy for relapsed, multiple and/or malignant MNG or chemo-resistant GBM.
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Soltani, Amina, Bela Kajtar, El Husseiny Mohamed Mahmud Abdelwahab, Anita Steib, Zsolt Horvath, Laszlo Mangel, Luca Jaromi und Judit E. Pongracz. „Is an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment a Characteristic of Both Intra- and Extraparenchymal Central Nervous Tumors?“ Pathophysiology 28, Nr. 1 (08.01.2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28010004.
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In spite of intensive research, the survival rates of patients diagnosed with tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) have not improved significantly in the last decade. Immunotherapy as novel and efficacious treatment option in several other malignancies has failed in neuro-oncology likely due to the immunosuppressive property of the brain tissues. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant CNS neoplasm, while meningioma (MNG) is a mainly low grade or benign brain tumor originating from the non-glial tissues of the CNS. The aim of the current preliminary study is to compare the immune microenvironment of MNG and GBM as potential target in immunotherapy. Interestingly, the immune microenvironment of MNG and GBM have proved to be similar. In both tumors types the immune suppressive elements including regulatory T cells (Treg), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were highly elevated. The cytokine environment supporting Treg differentiation and the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) have also increased the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The results of the present study show an immune suppressive microenvironment in both brain tumor types. In a follow-up study with a larger patient cohort can provide detailed background information on the immune status of individual patients and aid selection of the best immune checkpoint inhibitor or other immune modulatory therapy. Immune modulatory treatments in combination with IDO1 inhibitors might even become alternative therapy for relapsed, multiple and/or malignant MNG or chemo-resistant GBM.
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Husserl, Johana, Joseph B. Hughes und Jim C. Spain. „Key Enzymes Enabling the Growth of Arthrobacter sp. Strain JBH1 with Nitroglycerin as the Sole Source of Carbon and Nitrogen“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, Nr. 10 (16.03.2012): 3649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00006-12.
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ABSTRACTFlavoprotein reductases that catalyze the transformation of nitroglycerin (NG) to dinitro- or mononitroglycerols enable bacteria containing such enzymes to use NG as the nitrogen source. The inability to use the resulting mononitroglycerols limits most strains to incomplete denitration of NG. Recently,Arthrobacterstrain JBH1 was isolated for the ability to grow on NG as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, but the enzymes and mechanisms involved were not established. Here, the enzymes that enable theArthrobacterstrain to incorporate NG into a productive pathway were identified. Enzyme assays indicated that the transformation of nitroglycerin to mononitroglycerol is NADPH dependent and that the subsequent transformation of mononitroglycerol is ATP dependent. Cloning and heterologous expression revealed that a flavoprotein catalyzes selective denitration of NG to 1-mononitroglycerol (1-MNG) and that 1-MNG is transformed to 1-nitro-3-phosphoglycerol by a glycerol kinase homolog. Phosphorylation of the nitroester intermediate enables the subsequent denitration of 1-MNG in a productive pathway that supports the growth of the isolate and mineralization of NG.