Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mixed-gender prisons“

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the demographic, clinical characteristics and outcomes for those prisoners referred to secondary mental healthcare in a regional Irish prison and the proportion of individuals diverted subsequently from prison to psychiatric settings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a retrospective review of 130 successive psychiatric assessment case records at a regional mixed gender prison serving six southern Irish counties. The authors analysed demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Where diversion out of prison was undertaken, Dangerousness, Understanding, Recovery and Urgency Manual (DUNDRUM) scores were retrospectively completed to assess security need.FindingsIn total, 8.6 per cent of all committals from liberty were referred by a general practitioner and 8.1 per cent subsequently assessed by the visiting psychiatrist. Predominantly, these were young males charged with a violent offence. In all, 42.2 per cent of those assessed by secondary care were diagnosed with a substance misuse disorder and 21.1 per cent with a personality disorder. In total, 20.3 per cent suffered from a psychotic disorder and 10.6 per cent with an affective disorder. Of those seen by psychiatric services, 51.2 per cent required psychotropic medication, 29.2 per cent required psychological input and 59.3 per cent required addiction counselling. In all, 10.6 per cent of those assessed were diverted from prison, the majority to approved centres. Mean DUNDRUM-1 scores suggested that those referred to high and medium secure hospitals were appropriately placed, whereas those diverted to open wards would have benefited from a low secure/intensive care setting.Originality/valueThe multifaceted need set of those referred strengthens the argument for the provision of multidisciplinary mental healthcare into prisons. The analysis of security needs for those diverted from prisons supports the need for Intensive Care Regional Units in Ireland.

AimsIn March 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak emerged, Technology Enabled Care (TEC) Cymru went into partnership with the Welsh Government and CWTCH Cymru to offer a safe solution to protect the NHS and the public by developing and rolling-out a National Video Consulting (VC) Service on an All-Wales basis.The aim was to quickly develop and roll-out an NHS-approved communication platform (Attend Anywhere) to all primary, secondary and community care services, and into care homes, prisons, dentistry, optometry and pharmacy to offer video consultations to patients.MethodThe NHS Wales Video Consulting (VC) Service used a robust mixed methodology of surveys and interviews with patients, families and professionals. The real-time quality improvement approach was invaluable to the team as findings continually informed the approach and direction.ResultBased upon 10,000 survey responses from patients and professionals, and more than 300 interviews the results demonstrate that video consulting is consistently high in satisfaction, clinical suitability and acceptability across a wide range of patient demographics and clinical specialties in Wales. The key findings areVery high in patient and clinician satisfaction (slightly higher in patients).Clinically suitable across a wide range of specialties, care sectors and Health Boards.Very high in patient and clinician satisfaction (slightly higher in patients).High acceptability of VC, which is believed to be associated to the ‘Welsh Way’ of digital implementation processes.Consistent data patterns across patient demographics (age, gender, urban/rural location).Consistent data patterns across clinical settings and Health Boards.ConclusionThere is large appetite for VC in Wales, with high potential of sustainability and long-term use beyond COVID-19. The service is now working with clinicians, patients, carers and policy makers to explore the long-term use and sustainability of video consultations in Wales

Objectives: Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable and sustainable social support for formerly incarcerated individuals during reentry to the community. We sought to add to the body of knowledge on social support and prisoner reentry by comparing men and women releasing from prison on the quality (e.g., positive or negative) and amount of informal social support. Methods: A random sample of 395 male ( n = 165) and female ( n = 230) releasing prisoners participated in the study. After unadjusted bivariate comparisons, multivariate regression was conducted to identify gender differences in preincarceration social support quality of influence and anticipated number of postrelease support persons while controlling for important covariates such as substance abuse and mental illnesses. Results: Males reported higher rates of negative social support overall, and females reported higher rates of both mixed and positive social support compared to their male counterparts. Older participants reported higher levels of positive support compared to younger participants. Men of color reported significantly higher levels of positive support than their White male counterparts. Overall, women had higher prevalence of behavioral health factors that complicate quality of support. However, there were no differences in gender found for the amount of perceived social support available postrelease in the unadjusted models. Implications: Study findings suggest the need for gender-specific and culturally tailored targets for prisoner reentry programs addressing social support. Possible adaptations for interventions are explored.

In this article, we investigate the degree to which prison shapes transgender women’s perceptions of themselves as gendered people in prisons for men. Drawing on original data collected from 315 transgender women in 27 prisons for men in California, a mixed-methods analysis reveals that transgender women in prisons for men report higher levels of self-perceptions of femininity while incarcerated, especially for those who report sexual victimization by other prisoners. The implications of these and other findings are discussed in light of recent calls for more theory and research on femininities as well as the policies and practices that undergird prisons as one of the most sex-segregated institutions.

The article focuses on the imprisonment of elite women from the Russian metropole and women of mixed ethnic backgrounds on the Siberian frontier in the mid-eighteenth-century. Female prisoners and their monastic jailors responded to ascribed identities, positions, and circumstances dictated by imperial policies within the walls of the Dalmatov Vvedenskii Convent, which complicates our understanding of imperial interaction, gender, and empire in Siberia.

Several studies show that recidivism is influenced by the context of neighborhoods in which offenders live after leaving prison. However, the research on this topic is mixed, with many studies finding inconsistent or null neighborhood effects. This study addresses this inconsistency by examining whether neighborhoods affect recidivism differently based on offenders’ housing situation or personal characteristics (i.e., gender, race). The results of the multilevel logistic regression analyses show that neighborhood characteristics were significantly related to rearrest among minority offenders but not White offenders, and among offenders living in private residential housing but not those living in community-based facilities. These results help to explain the mixed findings in the literature and highlight the complexity of the relationship between neighborhood context and recidivism.

BackgroundStudies report the variable prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in incarcerated populations. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in these populations.MethodPrimary research studies reporting the prevalence (lifetime/current) of ADHD in incarcerated populations were identified. The meta-analysis used a mixed log-binomial model, including fixed effects for each covariate and a random study effect, to estimate the significance of various risk factors.ResultsForty-two studies were included in the analysis. ADHD prevalence was higher with screening diagnoses versus diagnostic interview (and with retrospective youth diagnoses versus current diagnoses). Using diagnostic interview data, the estimated prevalence was 25.5% and there were no significant differences for gender and age. Significant country differences were noted.ConclusionsCompared with published general population prevalence, there is a fivefold increase in prevalence of ADHD in youth prison populations (30.1%) and a 10-fold increase in adult prison populations (26.2%).

Background Women experiencing incarceration have higher rates of unmet contraceptive needs and rates of abortion than the public. Incarceration presents multiple potential barriers to accessing abortion and contraception care, including prison security protocols, prison locations, lack of access to care providers, stigma, and low health literacy. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to contraception and abortion access for people experiencing criminalization and incarceration. Methods We used the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and include empirical research with people experiencing criminalization or incarceration and/or with prison staff; with respect to prescription contraception or abortion access, while in custody or after having experienced incarceration/criminalization. Databases searched include CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Gender Studies, Medline (Ovid), Embase, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts. The search yielded 6096 titles of which 43 were included in the review. Results Our search yielded 43 studies published between 2001 and 2021 across six countries. The studies included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods designs. The main outcomes of interest included contraceptive use; attitudes towards abortion, contraception, and pregnancy; and barriers to care. Barriers identified included lack of onsite access to options, contraceptive coercion by providers, financial costs, and disruptions to medical coverage and insurance status which incarcerated. Discussion Evidence indicates that people in prison face significant barriers to maintaining continuity of contraceptive methods, abortion access, and reproductive health guidance. Some studies articulated participants felt judged when discussing contraception with prison-based health care providers. Geographic location, out-of-pocket payments, and trust in health care providers were reported as barriers to access. Conclusion Incarceration presents considerable challenges to the access of contraception and abortion care. Future research should examine the interaction between institutional security policies and procedures on care seeking, the experiences of underserved and hyper-incarcerated groups, and the impact of being denied access to contraception and abortion and experiences of criminalization.

Aims: This study investigated the long-term mortality following poisoning by amphetamine or substituted amphetamines. Furthermore, we examined the social problems and somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity related to amphetamine poisoning, and their impact on the long-term survival. Methods: We identified amphetamine poisoned patients from the Danish Poison Information Centre database and correlated their personal identification numbers with seven Danish national registries related to different social and health aspects. For each case, we sampled 100 age and gender matched controls from the background population. Results: From August 2006 to December 2013 we identified 1444 patients (70% males) who experienced amphetamine poisoning; 52% of the cases were classified as mixed poisonings and the average age at first contact was 24.8 years (SD 8.6). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders, HIV, viral hepatitis, and previous prison incarceration was approximately 10 times higher than among healthy controls. After seven years 11% were deceased as opposed to 0.6% in the control group, and 64% of the patients died from unnatural causes. Male gender (HR 2.29, 95% CI (1.07-4.90)), age (HR 1.06, 95% CI (1.03-1.09)), opioid dependence (HR 2.88, 95% CI (1.42-5.85)), schizophrenia (HR 3.09,95% CI (1.63-5.86)), affective disorders (HR 2.65, 95% CI (1.44-4.90)) and HIV (HR 5.45, 95% CI (1.19-24.90)) were associated with a high mortality. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these patients experienced social and health related deterioration in the years following poisoning. Conclusions: Amphetamine poisoning is associated with a poor long-term prognosis and is complicated by additional social and health related issues.

La question de la co-présence des sexes traverse l’histoire de l’institution pénitentiaire. En effet, les femmes détenues sont le plus souvent incarcérées dans des petits quartiers au sein de prisons pour hommes. Inspirée par la sociologie interactionniste, la sociologie carcérale et la sociologie du genre, cette thèse examine l’histoire de la coprésence des sexes et de ses régulations, ainsi que les expériences vécues par les détenu·es dans les prisons mixtes aujourd’hui. Pour la réalisation de la recherche, une méthodologie plurielle est mise en place : analyse des archives et documents historiques relatifs à la mixité dans les lieux de détention (depuis le XVIIIe à nos jours) ; entretiens semi-directifs avec des hommes et femmes détenu·es et avec différent·es acteur·rices des prisons (surveillant·es, interve- nant·es divers·es, etc.) ; et observations des activités mixtes au sein de deux établissements pénitentiaires. D’un côté, l’analyse sociohistorique démontre que le « mélange des sexes », autrefois considéré comme source de désordre et d’amoralité à combattre au XIXe siècle, s’est converti progressivement en l’idée de « mixité », associée à l’égalité et la « normalisation ». De l’autre, l’enquête ethnographique permet de saisir l’économie des relations et interactions entre les détenu·es, ainsi les normes genrées qui les traversent. Cette thèse contribue ainsi à la compréhension des régimes du genre tant au sein des prisons qu’en dehors de celles-ci en questionnant les dynamiques sexuées de la coprésence de sexes
The issue of the co-presence of both sexes has never ceased to preoccupy the penitentiary system. Female prisoners are usually incarcerated in small quarters within male prisons. Inspired by interactionist sociology, sociology of prison and sociology of gender, this thesis examines the history of the co-presence of sexes and its regulations, as well as the experiences of prisoners in mixed-gender prisons today. To carry out the research, a plural methodology is implemented: analysis of archives and historical documents related to gender mixing in correctional facilities (from the eighteenth century to the present day); semi- structured interviews with male and female prisoners and various prison stakeholders (wardens, other professionals,etc.); and observa- tions of mixed-gender activities in two penitentiary establishments. On one hand, the sociohistorical analysis shows that the “mixing of sexes”, once considered a source of disorder and amorality to be combated in the nineteenth century, has gradually been converted into the idea of “gender mixing”, associated with equality and “normalization”. On the other hand, the ethnographic research enables us to understand the social economy of relations and interactions among prisoners, as well as the gendered norms that permeate them. This thesis therefore significantly contributes to our understanding of engendered regimes both within and beyond prisons by challenging the gendered dynamics of the co-presence of sexes