Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Miskantus“

Purpose. Reducing the cost of manual labor for the excavation roots of the miskanthus with their division into rhizomes. Methods. Analytical using modern design and technological solutions of technical means for excavation rhizomes of miscanthus with their division into rhizomes. Results. A new design and technological scheme of a technical means for digging rhizomes of the miscanthus with their division into rhizomes has been developed. Conclusions. The proposed technical means for digging the rhizomes of the miskanthus pre-cuts them into longitudinal bands, provides for the separation rhizomes from the earth and their separation into rhizomes, which further reduces the cost of manual labor for the preparation landing material. Keywords: technical tool, roots, miskanthus, rhizomes, design and technological scheme.

Podsumowano najważniejsze osiągnięcia dotyczące cytogenetycznej i molekularnej charakterystyki wybranej puli genotypów miskanta chińskiego, cukrowego oraz olbrzymiego uzyskanych w Pracowni Cytogenetyki i Metodyki Hodowli, Zakładu Genetyki i Hodowli Roślin Korzeniowych, Oddziału IHAR — PIB w Bydgoszczy.

The problem of using alternative energy sources from renewable feedstock is becoming more and more of great current interest for modern society due to energy crisis and ecological situation which is getting worse. Among many high-yielding plants, perennial cereal miscanthus is an appreciable one for producing biofuel in the form of fuel granules. Cultivating phytoenergetic cultures it is important to apply fertilizers as an important component of the technology, which is aimed at raising yielding capacity of vegetative mass. Unlike other cereals, culm of miscanthus is partially or fully filled with white soft pith. Joints at the bottom of the culm are quite short, and on the top part of the culm they can be of a large length due to the division of intercalary meristem. Thus, during the growing season the largest amount of joints on the culm was in the variant N60 – 7.1 pieces which is more comparing with the control on 1.3 pieces and with N30 - on 0.9 pieces. At the end of the growing season the amount of joints raised slightly. Thus, in the control variant the amount of joints was 6.4 pieces, N30 – 7.3 pieces and N60 – 8.0 which is more comparing with the growing season on 0.6 – 0.9 pieces on the culm. As the result of the estimated indices we defined the greatest amount of leaves in the growing season by the variant N60 – 9.5 pieces per culm, and the least amount was on the control 7.8 pieces per culm, in the variant N30 – 8.7 pieces per culm. The same tendency was at the end of the growing season. Thus, the largest amount of leaves on the culm was in the variant N60 – 10.5 pieces, on the control – 8.5 pieces, N30 – 9.8. The difference in leaves amount on the culm between growing seasons varied from 0.7 to 1.0 pieces. At the end of vegetation the weight of plants was 48.5–77.0 g. The least weight of plants was on the control – 48.5 g which is more on 20.5 g than in the variant N30, and on 28.5 g of the variant N60. So the maximal weight was 77.0 gr in the variant N60. The weight of dry plant on the control was 25.1 g, N30 – 32.5 g, N60 – 37.1 g. The maximal weight of dry plant was in the variant N60 – 37.1 g, that is more on 4.6 g in the variant N30 and 12 g on the control. Pre-harvest density of miskanthus plants by apllying different dozes of fertilizers varied. Thus, the greatest density was in the variant N60 – 42 pieces per m2. The less density was got in the variant N30 – 38 pieces per m2 and the least density was on the control – 37.0 pieces per m2. According to the analysis of yield capacity indices of miscanthus during the years of research and different variants we pointed out that the maximal yielding capacity as for fertilizer dozes was in the variant N60 – 15.58 tons per ha, that is more on 20.7 % than in the variant N30 (12.35 tons per ha) and on 40.4 % that in the control variant (9.29 tons per ha).

The article highlights the results of evaluation of the formation of biosecurity quality indicators of bioenergetic crops (Miskanthus, Swiggrass, Energy Willow) by indicators that determine the productivity of raw materials and their suitability for use on biofuel purposes. The modern literature devoted to issues of peculiarities of phytobioenergetics in Ukraine and features of mineral nutrition of crop data is worked out. The hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period of energy crops during the years of research have been analyzed and a detailed description of the agrochemical properties of the soil in the arable layer for the cultivation of bioenergetic plants and the conditions and methods of conducting the research are given. It has been established that the variation of the studied agrochemical indicators of soils by years is generally insignificant and makes up for the content of humus - 17%, for the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - 32.5%, for the content of mobile phosphorus -12%, for the content of exchangeable potassium - 22 %, and the coefficient of variation of the pH of the soil solution does not exceed 4%, which indicates the relative homogeneity of the soil cover within the studied area. Conclusions are made regarding the accumulation of a number of chemical substances from the soil in the plant mass of the above cultures and, accordingly, the general conclusion about the demand for energy crops for agrochemical elemental soil provision. The aspects of the influence of agrochemical properties of the soil on the value of bio-raw materials of these cultures in terms of their bioenergetic application, taking into account the life of the plantation, are analyzed. A chemical analysis of the above-ground part of bioenergetic plants was conducted, and it was established that the maximum nitrogen content of 1.0% was obtained in the stems of the switchgear and energy willow in 2017, phosphorus - 0.85% also in the stems, but the plants of the miscanthus and potassium - 3.48 % in the leaves of plants of miskanthus and energy willow in 2017. In general, based on the evaluation of the chemical composition of high-energy crops, the prospects for using their biomass as a source of bioenergy production. Annotated directions of improvement of the composition of energy biosources at the expense of optimization of agrochemical soil regimes.

Technical-economical study of biofuel cultivation is the topic of this diploma thesis. This is a study that includes the technology of growing biomass and its subsequent treatment. Part of the work is an economic and sensitivity analysis, which aims to determine the price of produced biomass. This work focuses on herbal biofuels and their comparison with other types of fuels.