Dissertationen zum Thema „Mise en forme céramique“
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Azar, Mirella. „Mise en forme et frittage des poudres de céramique nanostructurées : cas d'une alumine de transistion“. Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study is to produce a fully dense nanostructured alumina ceramics from transition alumina nanopowders, via natural sintering. This alumina is metastable and this metastability may have a critical influence on the sintering behaviour. Furthermore, the transformation into the stable phase is indeed accompanied by vermicular microstructures entrapping a high proportion of intragranular pores. The effect of two forming method, i) cold isostatic pressing and ii) slip casting, on particle packing and the consequent effects on densification, phase transformation, sintering have been studied. For the same initial green density (62 % ±1 %), the samples prepared by slip casting present a better homogeneity of particle packing, du to an optimal dispersion of particles in the slurry. This initial microstructure feature improves the particle rearrangement during the transition to the -alumina and hence enhances the transformation to the thermodynamic stable phase. This rearrangement results in better densification of the compact, which then promotes the sintering of -alumina. Despite the enhancement in the density for the slip casted compact (98 %) by comparison to the pressed one (79 %), the microstructure obtained have a grain size larger than 1 µm. In order to reduce the final grain size, sintering parameters were optimised by studying the effect of heating rate and treatment at lower temperature. It was shown that the formation of vermicular microstructure, which the presence hinders the densification, can be avoided during the phase transformation. This is possible by a heat treatment at low temperature (950 °C) on a slip casted compact. A compact of -alumina with a high density (58%) and small particle size (~30 nm) (same as the initial size of the powder) was obtained. The sintering of alumina with vermicular microstructure or small particles (~30 nm) gives a final microstructure with a density of 98 % and grain size of 2 µm whatever the sintering trajectory for the same particle packing
Banu, Mihai. „Mise en forme d'apatites nanocristallines : céramiques et ciments“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7512/1/banu.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanu, Mihai. „Mise en forme d'apatites nanocristallines : céramiques et ciments“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04581729.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript reports firstly shaping of nanocrystalline Ca-P using low temperature processes and secondly the setting process of a mineral cement based on amorphous calcium phosphate. Different trials of ceramisation have been carried out : mainly simple compaction and natural sintering at different temperatures and very low temperature uniaxial compression. This last method was found to preserve the nanocrystalline character of the Ca-P apatite and to produce ceramics with a higt compressive strength. The properties of the resulting ceramics were shown to be affected by the chemical modifications of the nanocrystal surface. The conversion of the amorphous phase into apatite has been shown to be responsible for the setting of phosphocalcium cements. Among the different factors studied (solid/solution ratio, pre-heating, presence of crystal growth inhibitors, ionic strength of the aqueous phase) only the solid/solution ratio seems to have no noteworthy influence
Ferrato, Marc. „Extractions des auxiliaires organiques de mise en forme d'une poudre céramique à l'aide de fluides supercritiques“. Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBesson, Jacques. „Simulation numérique de la mise en forme des céramiques : application à la compaction isostatique à chaud“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002329.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChrétien, Lucie. „Relations entre le procédé céramique et les propriétés optiques de céramiques transparentes de type YAG-Nd : rôle des étapes de mise en forme et frittage“. Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 90’s, transparent Nd:YAG ceramics have received considerable attention as applications as amplifying media of high-power lasers. Contrary to single crystals, commonly used currently for these applications, ceramics can be fabricated into large size with complicated architectures. However, it appears that the transparency and the laser efficiency of ceramics are strongly affected by residual porosity generating light scattering. In this context, in a first step, this study focused to determine mechanisms controlling porosity evolution of Nd:YAG ceramics at each step of process in order to eliminate this one. This work showed that the residual porosity may have various origins, and result in particular of initial powder characteristics and/or reactive-sintering which can induce under certain conditions at a phenomenon of separation pore/grain boundary. In a second step, this study has shown that the use of a fine and few agglomerate alumina powder, a shaping process with pressure slip-casting and CIP and finally the use of a sinter plus Hot Isostatic Pressing technique achieved Nd:YAG transparent ceramics with homogeneous microstructure and laser quality
Mihaluta, Marius. „Etude de la mise en oeuvre industrielle d'un nouveau procédé de mise en forme de produits composites“. Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635873.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAballea, Pierre. „Mise en forme, densification et propriétés optiques de céramiques transparentes CaF2 Yb, pour applications en laser de puissance“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this Ph.D. work is to study and understand CaF2:Yb ceramics sintering behaviour in order to produce transparent ceramics, comprising a rather limited residual porosity and optical quality compatible with a laser amplification purpose. First, the characteristics which make of ytterbium doped calcium fluoride an interesting material for high average power laser amplifiers will be reminded. Then, the method used for raw CaF2:Yb nanopowders production will be explained, and the nanopowders characteristics and potential deficiencies toward a ceramics process will be exposed. Three distinct shaping ways are explored for green body forming, two of them involving wet shaping conditions which are quite a new feature for a fluoride material-based laser ceramic such as CaF2:Yb : Isostatic pressing of dried nanopowders, slip casting, and an innovative wet shaping way using centrifuge forces and not involving porous moulds or charged slurries use. The sintering behaviour of each production ways green bodies are studied. Finally, the optical and laser properties are observed for each of the synthesis methods and compared to ideals single crystals with similar composition
Mathieu, Sylvain. „Modélisation du comportement mécanique lors du procédé de mise en forme et pyrolyse des interlocks CMC“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0115/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManufacture processes modeling of woven fabrics composites is a major stake for state-of-the-art industrial parts, where their usage is intensifying. Control of all the manufacturing stages of ceramic matrix composites, particularly the forming and pyrolysis steps, is essential. Understanding and simulation of the mechanical behavior at each stage is required to optimize the final product performances. Two macroscopic modeling approaches of thick woven fabric reinforcements are detailed: a continuous classical one and a semi-discrete one. An initially orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive law is thus established. This law is based on a phenomenological observation of the main fabric deformation modes, from where physical invariants of the deformation are suggested. The required material parameters identification is explained. A modified version of this law, without any tensile energetic contribution, is implemented in a semi-discrete element where the tensile work is taken into account by bars that discretize the real weaving. Thick woven reinforcements are highly anisotropic materials due to the large ratio between the tensile rigidity and the others. Their numerical modeling highlights spurious phenomena and limitations related to this specificity. The tension locking is firstly tackled. A remedy based on an enhanced assumed strain finite element formulation is suggested for classical continuum and semi-discrete elements. Problems linked to bending-dominated numerical simulations are brought to attention : transverse hourglassing and lack of local bending stiffness. For the transverse hourglassing situation, two stiffening technics are proposed : averaging the dilatation through the whole element or adding a supplementary tangent material rigidity in a specific direction. The local bending stiffness problem is solved by calculating the curvature inside the element by using rotation free plates. The induced bending moment leads to supplementary internal loads. Finally, the elastic springback following the pyrolysis of the polymer matrix with ceramic precursors is modeled. The constitutive behavior is experimentally identified with a transverse isotropic hyperelastic law. Added to the initial reinforcements’ hyperelastic law, with the preformed fabric as reference configuration, the pyrolysis induced deformations can be visualized. This final model is compared with experimental results
Combe, Emmanuel. „Synthèse, mise en forme et frittage de céramiques thermoélectriques de formulation In2-xGexO3“. Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is focused on the relationships between manufacturing process, micro/nano structure and thermoelectric properties of electron doped In2-xGexO3 ceramics. For that purpose, the processing of nanopowders by soft chemistry (citrate gel process), ceramic forming process (Slip-casting) and fast sintering technique (microwave sintering) have been investigated. Compared to conventional synthesis process, the development of the citrate gel process allows to prepare homogeneous microstructures with improved thermoelectric properties. The figure of merit ZT of In2-xGexO3 compounds reaches values higher than 0. 3 at 1000 K. In order to increase the densification during sintering, the slip casting shaping process has been studied. Sintered compounds prepared by this technique exhibit densities closed to the theoretical value thanks to an optimized arrangement of particles in the green bulks. Otherwise, the development of microwave sintering enables the preparation of fine microstructures (grain size lower than 500 nm). Moreover, the conception of a thermoelectric device prepared with Ca3Co4O9 and Sn doped In2O3 compounds was also carried out. Output power of about 480 mW has been reached for a 56 legs module with a temperature difference of 550 K. The different results obtained during this PhD study appear to be interesting for the development of oxide compounds and oxide based thermoelectric devices with improved thermoelectric performances
Le, Trong Trung. „Etude du procédé de fabrication de noyaux ferrimagnétiques complexes par mise en forme isostatique : application aux transformateurs intercellulaires“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30189/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrent issues in power electronics are mainly related to the reliability and the increase in the power density. In both cases, what is called power integration is proposed as the solution. Reliability issues can be solved by reducing the number of interconnections and by the full design and elaboration of converters; and those related to the power density are addressed by reducing the dimensions and the mutualization of a number of functions: integration of passive components, embedded substrates, coupling components... This necessarily involves the choice of a strategy for converting structures. Multilevel converters, interleaved multicellular converters are an example of structures that reduce the size and volume of magnetic components. The key point of these structures is the sharing of magnetic flux between the different phases of the converter via an intercellular transformer (ICT). This type of component allows interleaving many switching cells. It consists of a magnetic core of specific, often complex and shape. The work done in this thesis concerns the development of technologies for the realization of ICT magnetic components for their integration. The main material properties (magnetic and dielectric) necessary for the implementation of this type of component oriented us towards a ferrite Ni0,30Zn0,57Cu0,15Fe2O4 able to work at the proposed operating frequencies and power range. Various elaboration processes (and the parameters associated with them) were studied. It is either forming, through the use of flexible molds or by isostatic pressing, and machining either raw or after sintering. By machining, two separate systems have enabled us obtaining complex magnetic cores either in 2D or in 3D. The results of this approach in terms of object and component properties are presented. The influence of various parameters used during the production (sintering temperature, pressure,...) on the final characteristics is also investigated
Loumé, Pierre. „Etude de mise en forme par déformation superplastique de céramiques zircone et alumine-zircone“. Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2OND1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBazin, Tiphaine. „Synthèse, caractérisations structurales par spectroscopie et mise en forme d'hydroxyapatites dopées au cuivre ou au fer“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydroxyapatite (HA), with formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is one of the most used material in bone reconstruction. The improvement of its biological properties, in particular by doping with trace elements present in the body, is the subject of recent studies. Therefore, this work deals with the elaboration, structural characterizations from spectroscopy and shaping of copper- or iron-doped hydroxyapatite. Two synthesis routes have been considered: syntheses by aqueous co-precipitation led to the elaboration of pure HA phases doped with copper(II) or iron(III) stable at low temperature (≤ 600°C) while high temperature solid-state reactions led to the elaboration of pure HA phases doped with copper(I), iron(II) or iron(III) stable above 1100°C. These phases have been characterized by XRD and various spectroscopic techniques: FTIR, NMR, UV-vis-NIR, XPS, EPR, XANES-EXAFS and Mössbauer in order to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of the different transition elements into the apatitic structure and to determine the location of the doping element, its degree of oxidation, its coordination, as well as its local environment. The influence of copper and iron on the sinterability and densification of ceramics obtained by solid-state reaction and on the granular growth has been then established. In the case of copper-doped HA ceramics, the biocompatibility of the materials has been verified over a 5-day culture time using MC3T3-E1 cell line and the presence of copper does not seem to affect the cell differentiation onto the ceramic surface (up to 5.3 wt%). Finally, pre-sintered 2D films of the HA phase containing 0.8 wt% of copper have been shaped by selective laser sintering
Vry, Sébastien. „Elaboration de céramiques hautes performances par voie polymère précéramique - Mise en forme par fabrication additive de type Digital Light Processing“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing technologies currently offer the opportunity to achieve complex geometries for a relatively wide material range, from polymers to metals, as well as for certain ceramics. The commercial offer of structural materials is still limited by technological obstacles generally associated with the compatibility between the forming process and the targetted material. In this thesis, a new way of study, still little explored in the literature, concerns the additive manufacturing by Digital Light Processing (DLP) of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic, from preceramic polymers. In fact, the use of a SiC powder into a photosensitive formulation has limits in terms of charge rate, linked to the optical compatibility between this powder and the UV wavelength used during the layer-by-layer shaping. The use of polymers converting into ceramic, with suitable heat treatments, brings the possibility of improving the compatibility of the constituents at the working wavelength and allows the production of a ceramic of the SiC type. Two commercial preceramic polymers (a polysiloxane and a polycarbosilane) were selected and cross-linked at 200 ° C, followed by a pyrolysis treatment between 1000 and 1700 ° C, under argon. The microstructural changes, chemical compositions, as well as mechanical properties were studied. It appears that these polymer materials can be converted into polycrystalline SiC ceramic, with a residual carbon-rich secondary phase. Photopolymerizable formulations under UV exposure, containing a high load of preceramic polymer (from 25 to 75 wt.%), have been developed and studied in order to be able to shape a green object by DLP, which will then be converted into ceramic by heat treatment. Before additively manufacture parts, the reactivity of these formulations was characterized by varying the proportions of the constituents, including the initiator system and the incorporation of a UV photoabsorbent. The characterization of these formulations was mainly carried out by measuring the thickness of a monolayer polymerized under UV exposure, as well as by characterizing the photopolymerization kinetics by real time infrared spectroscopy. Finally, green parts were produced by DLP and were converted into ceramics and their mechanical properties and geometric integrity were characterized
Sarrazin, Philippe. „Evolutions structurale et microstructurale d'une poudre lors de l'élaboration de pièces céramiques crues : cas de BaTiO3“. Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6f353003-c455-4b22-b282-9b74f8404564.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKerbadou, Farid. „Mise en forme et propriétés physico-chimiques de fenêtres PbF2 pour l'optique infrarouge“. Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaucournet, Richard. „Dispersions d'alumine en milieu aqueux : préparation de suspensions concentrées et mise en forme d'objets par coagulation“. Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMOA049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLasgorceix, Marie. „Mise en forme par microstéréolithographie et frittage de céramiques macro-micro-poreuses en hydroxyapatite silicatée et évaluation biologique“. Limoges, 2014. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9c91fe90-7df3-4e09-8fd9-809cb07dcf38/blobholder:0/2014LIMO4016.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMacro-micro-porous bioceramics made of silicated hydroxyapatite (SiHA), with a controlled architecture, were shaped by microstereolithography and consolidated by sintering. For this purpose, slurries with SiHA particles, dispersed in organic photosensitive medium, were developed. Their rheological behaviour was studied according to the powder, organic diluent and dispersant amounts. A formulation, allowing a good compromise between rheological behaviour and reactivity of the suspension, definition and mechanical strength of the shaped macroporous parts, was chosen. After optimization of the process parameters, the study of the overcure, according to the dimensions and the geometry of the macropores, has led to a predictive sizing model of pores, used for the computer aided design of the parts. Model specimens, containing different pore sizes (> 300 μm) of several geometries, were then shaped. The influence of the sintering temperature and time, on the ceramic microstructure, was investigated. A controlled amount of open microporosity over a wide range (up to 37%) was obtained by adjusting these sintering parameters. Improving the osteointegration of osseous substitutes requires an optimization of their architecture. In this context, in order to assess the effect of the geometry of the macropores on the biological phenomena involved in osteogenesis, in vitro studies of bone cells proliferation and ex vivo studies of vascularization were performed on the SiHA porous substrates
Odinot, Julie. „Développement de la fabrication additive directe par DED-CLAD : de la poudre à la mise en forme de pièces céramiques denses“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work, in partnership between the ONERA Materials and Composite Structure Department (DMSC) and IREPA Laser within the CLADIATOR project, is based on the study of direct additive manufacturing of dense ceramic materials by direct melt deposition (also known as laser cladding) process. This process enables high dimensions or even multi-materials part manufacturing.It will deal with the adaptation of raw materials (ceramic powders) to the existing machine, especially in the case of powder flowability and optical absorption. Indeed, the powder flowability enables its transportation up to the laser nozzle, while the optical absorption of the laser signal is necessary to allow its melting.In parallel, the existing machine also needs to be adapted to ceramic materials : the main difficulty of this work will be the occurence of cracks during the manufacturing. This phenomena is due to the local heating by the laser and the materials brittleness. That’s why some secondary heating solutions, before or after the melt, will have to be defined to decrease the thermal gradient in the material while processing. Those solutions will be discussed between Onera and Irepa Laser, based on FEM simulations established with COMSOL Multiphysics software.Finally, the elaboration process influence on the manufactured ceramics parts will be investigated with microscopy, mechanical and thermal characterization
Lévêque, Guillaume. „Matériau de type apatite pour pile à combustible : élaboration, caractérisations électrique et structurale, mise en forme“. Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/635e1c5f-cf50-4f44-88fe-c41a8c231096/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to elaboration, structural study, shaping and ionic conductivity properties of oxyapatites of general formula La9. 33±x(SiO4)6O2±1. 5x for potential applications as electrolyte in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). The physic, chemical and thermal behavior of La2O2CO3 reagent was first studied in order to further synthesize pure apatite powders with variable stoichiometry (0 < x < 0. 34) using a solid state route. The structural study of synthesized and referenced powders were performed. Dense ceramics (more than 99% of the theoretical value) were obtained by using natural sintering, after isostatic pressing. Their electrical properties confirmed the clear increase of the ionic conductivity values with the oxygen atoms excess in the apatite structure. The obtained values remain insufficient for the electrolyte application but remain promising because the apatite grains present values of 2. 55. 10-2 S/cm at 700°C. Shaping studies by tape casting allowed obtaining high density pellets (more than 99% of the theoretical value). An exploratory study by suspension plasma spraying brought to light the possibility to synthesize directly from the reactives layers of apatite materials
Chaigne, Séverin. „Etude de la mise en forme en forme des combustibles céramiques nucléaires par le procédé de coulage-gélification : application à l'oxyde de cérium et à des systèmes à base d'uranium“. Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0083/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work falls within the framework of the reprocessing-recycling of 4th Generation nuclear used fuels. This work was focused on nuclear fuel shaping process by studying more specifically the potential of gelcasting process. This study first examined a non-radioactive surrogate of mixed oxide (U,Pu)O2, namely the cerium oxide CeO2. Suspension formulations have been identified allowing gelation in non-porous molds. This gelling process is based on polymerization reactions. The study of green compacts thermal behavior has allowed to define treatments leading to the complete elimination of every organic auxiliaries and to the green compacts densification. Every step of the gelcasting process was optimized to elaborate annular shape CeO2 ceramics meeting the specification.The whole gelcasting process has been transposed to a mixed oxide (U,Ce)O2 powder synthesized by oxalic co-precipitation. To this end, powder characteristics have been taken in consideration and have required an additional deagglomeration step
Georges, Mathias. „Approche du frittage SPS de céramiques fines de carbure de bore : rôle des poudres initiales et de la mise en forme“. Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0132/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSintering of dense boron carbide ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) without sintering additives was investigated. The shaping effect of the commercial boron carbide powder was analysed. In this context, a study on the suspension of the powder was carried out, and four solvents allowing to obtain stable suspensions were thus identified (deionized water, mixture of deionized water/tetramethylammonium, oleic acid and ethylene glycol). Higher green relative densities were obtained by the liquid route and slip casting compared to those obtained by uniaxial pressing. In addition, the SPS sintering cycle has been optimized based on these parameters: temperature, isothermal dwell-time, applied uniaxial stress. The associated densification kinetics led to the establishment of a sintering map for SPS treatment of the considered boron carbide powders. This map showed a wide range of values of relative density (between 84 and 97%), for which densification process occurs without grain growth. The comparison of the experimental data with the viscoplastic model of Olevsky led to the identification of the densification mechanisms, based in particular on the determined values of stress exponent (about 3-4) and of apparent activation energy (112 kJ.mol-1). Thus, it has been demonstrated that consolidation of boron carbide was assisted by a plastic deformation mechanism governed by dislocation motion. The microstructural observations also suggest the existence of a twinning phenomenon at high temperature. In parallel, a specific instrumentation was set up to identify the operating features of the pulsed current generator. Based on these electrical data, a robust numerical model by finite element of the SPS process has been established. The development of this numerical model allowed to optimize the sintering conditions of larger boron carbide ceramics. This scaling up has required the optimization of parameters such as the sintering temperature or the geometrical characteristics of the die
Lallemant, Lucile. „Obtention d'alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808873.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePizette, Patrick. „Simulation de la compaction de poudres céramiques par la méthode des éléments discrets : application à la mise en forme des combustibles nucléaires mixtes“. Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0190.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNuclear mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is formed as pellets by cold compaction of a powder blend of oxides of uranium and plutonium followed by sintering. Because of the variability of incoming powders in the process and taking into account the need to maintain constant industrial settings for processing significant quantities of pellets, the compaction process may generate some rejection during controls. In particular, compact strength and dimensional precision are key features of the industrial process. The Discrete Element Method (DEM), which has been used here, offers a powerful tool for understanding and simulating the compaction stage. It relies on an explicit modeling of the particulate nature of the uranium oxide powders. Two models, at the length scale of the aggregate of crystallites and at the length scale of the crystallites are used to simulate the powder compaction. A methodology, based on numerical experiments, is proposed to generate constitutive laws to feed a finite element code. Finally, the modeling at the crystallite length scale is used to identify the main microstructural parameters that control the compact strength
Belon, Rémy. „Céramiques transparentes de YAGNd pour applications laser : mise en forme et densification de pièces de grandes dimensions, élaboration d'architectures complexes par coulage en bande“. Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first step of this work was focused on the shaping and sintering of large sized Nd:YAG transparent ceramics. The choice of the pressure casting and cold isostatic pressing parameters allowed to control the thickness and the microstructure of the green bodies. However, vacuum sintering of these parts led to a microstructural heterogeneity between the core and the edge of the samples. More particularly, residual pores have been detected in the core of the ceramics, decreasing the optical properties. Then, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) post-treatments were implemented to control the ceramics microstructure. This route helped to reduce the number and size of residual pores. But limitations appeared, especially concerning the large ceramics. Finally, the obtained ceramics showed laser performances close to those of the single crystals of same composition.The second part was devoted to the development of a tape casting process for the elaboration of YAG multilayered transparent ceramics. More particularly, the influence of the slurry formulation on the mechanical properties of the green tapes was studied. This original work allowed the shaping of green tapes with good mechanical properties and a controlled organic content. Then, a multilayered ceramic with a central Nd-doped layer could be elaborated by thermolamination of layers with different compositions (YAG and YAG: Nd). After debinding and sintering, a transparent ceramic planar waveguide was finally obtained
Belon, Rémy. „Céramiques transparentes de YAGNd pour applications laser : mise en forme et densification de pièces de grandes dimensions, élaboration d'architectures complexes par coulage en bande“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first step of this work was focused on the shaping and sintering of large sized Nd:YAG transparent ceramics. The choice of the pressure casting and cold isostatic pressing parameters allowed to control the thickness and the microstructure of the green bodies. However, vacuum sintering of these parts led to a microstructural heterogeneity between the core and the edge of the samples. More particularly, residual pores have been detected in the core of the ceramics, decreasing the optical properties. Then, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) post-treatments were implemented to control the ceramics microstructure. This route helped to reduce the number and size of residual pores. But limitations appeared, especially concerning the large ceramics. Finally, the obtained ceramics showed laser performances close to those of the single crystals of same composition.The second part was devoted to the development of a tape casting process for the elaboration of YAG multilayered transparent ceramics. More particularly, the influence of the slurry formulation on the mechanical properties of the green tapes was studied. This original work allowed the shaping of green tapes with good mechanical properties and a controlled organic content. Then, a multilayered ceramic with a central Nd-doped layer could be elaborated by thermolamination of layers with different compositions (YAG and YAG: Nd). After debinding and sintering, a transparent ceramic planar waveguide was finally obtained
Boulos, Madona. „Elaboration de poudres de titanates par chimie douce, caractérisation, mise en forme de céramiques et de couches, et propriétés électriques : application aux matériaux à très fortes valeurs de permitivité“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanometric powders of BaTiO3 have been prepared by hydrothermal method at 150 and 250°C using BaCl2. 2H2O/TiCl3 or TiO2 as precursors. Ceramics showing 95% of densification are obtained after sintering at 1250°C for 10 and 20 h. These ceramics present a heterogeneous microstructure. The grain size and the grain distribution in the ceramic bulk govern the electrical properties. Thick layers present a relative permittivity higher then 4000 at the curie temperature. La-doped BaTiO3 has been prepared by the oxalate method. The obtained ceramics showed a uniform microstructure. The Curie temperature is displaced to lower temperatures and the relative permittivity increases up to 10000 with increasing La3+ concentration. Ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering showed electrical properties that are significantly different from those of conventionnally sintered ones. The coprecipitation has been used to synthesize materials based on CaCu3Ti4O12. Three main types of ceramics were obtained. The presence of CuO phase beside the CCT plays an important role for enhancing the dielectric properties
Cassiano, Gaspar Stefania. „Mise en forme par extrusion de supports de catalyseurs à base d'alumine et à microstructure multi-échelles : Effet de la composition granulaire et du liant sur les propriétés des matériaux“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe controlled packing of different sized-granules is a concept widely used in most of the shaping material processes. This hierarchical organization is known to improve the flow properties during shaping and the mechanical characteristics of the finished material. It seemed interesting to apply this concept in order to prepare catalyst supports by extrusion containing small (2 µm) and large (19 µm) porous alumina granules assembled by a traditional binder, the peptized and neutralized boehmite, or by a more original, an aluminum phosphate binder. This study aims to investigate the effect of binder type and of the multiscale microstructure achieved by the packing of different granules size on textural and mechanical support properties. The control of kneading and extrusion conditions associated with the optimized binder formulation, conducted to similar microstructures with both binders according to the amount of each granular population. Small granules fills better the residual spaces between the larges between 40 and 60 wt.% and loosens them with strongest contents. Binder shrinkage during heat treatment generates a macroporosity which is minimized when small granules fills the voids formed by the larger ones. Minimal macroporosity leads to better crushing resistance (by Brazilian test) and the most resistant materials are the ones shaped with the aluminum phosphate. This result is explained by the high cohesive capacity of this binder obtained in situ by reaction of the phosphoric acid with the boehmite and the border of the alumina granules. In this case, the breakage takes place inside the granules differently from the supports shaped with the peptized boehmite by nitric acid which present a breakage at the granule-binder interface. Also, the multiscale microstructure materials present a better tenacity determined by three point bending. Aluminum phosphate being a non-porous binder, leads to supports with a weaker mesoporosity. The new multiscale microstructure supports seem interesting for several catalytic applications that are sensitive to diffusivity and mechanical properties
Lallemant, Lucile. „Obtention d’alumines α dopées polycristallines transparentes par Spark Plasma Sintering“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0082/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObtaining transparent polycrystalline ceramics became an important technological challenge over the last decade. Their high mechanical (hardness, wear resistance) and physico-chemical (corrosion resistance) properties combined with a high transparency and a reasonable price could lead them to replace glasses or monocrystals as sapphire in optical applications. The main parameters to control in order to obtain highly transparent polycrystalline alpha-alumina (PCA) are the porosity size and amount as for the other transparent materials. However, as PCA is a birefringent material, the grain size also needs to be controlled. That’s why PCA should possess after sintering grains as small as possible (bigger than 0.5 µm) and a porosity closed to 0.00% with nanometric pores. This particular microstructure is usually obtained in ~ 15 hours by combining natural sintering in air with a post Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment. In our study, the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used as it enables to obtain fully dense ceramics in shorter times while limiting the grain growth. First, a protocol to obtain a pure transparent PCA was established. It consists on preparing green bodies with a controlled particle’s packing before sintering. Mainly, the particle’s packing has to be macroscopically homogeneous and without agglomerates. Moreover, the pore size distribution should be the narrowest. The SPS sintering cycle was also optimised to obtain the highest optical transmission. Then, a doping protocol with grain growth inhibitors was optimised. The nature of the doping salt has a secondary effect on optical properties compared to a thermal treatment applied before sintering. Depending on the doping agent nature and/or amount, the densification temperature changes. The SPS sintering cycle has thus to be adapted. The doping agent amount has to be optimised to obtain a fine microstructure after sintering without second phase particles. Different doping agents have been compared (magnesium Mg, lanthanum La and zirconium Zr). The sample having the highest optical properties was doped with 200 cat ppm of lanthanum. Finally, an optimisation of the powder’s morphology (finer and more spherical) was performed. Moreover, the lanthanum doped alpha-alumina slurry’s preparation was optimized using centrifugation. All these processes have enabled us to obtain one of the most transparent PCA sample ever reported in the literature. It possesses an optical transmission of 68% and a grain size around 300 nm. Its mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance) are higher than the ones of a sapphire monocrystal
Voisin, Christophe. „Mise en forme et élaboration par Spark plasma sintering de nanocéramiques à base de BaTiO3 : étude du processus de recuit, de la diffusion de l'oxygène et obtention de condensateurs céramiques aux propriétés diélectriques optimisées“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2193/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this work is to elaborate barium titanate ceramics capacitors showing colossal relative permittivities and low dielectric losses. BaTiO3 powders with controlled stoichiometry (Ba/Ti ratio), grain size and structure have been synthesized by a coprecipitation reaction followed by a thermal treatment. Two different titanium sources were used, i. E. TiCl3 (Ti3+) and TiOCl2 (Ti4+). BaTiO3-d nanoceramics densified over 98% have been elaborated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). For the first time, the annealing parameters after SPS sintering were studied and optimized in order to obtain materials with optimal electrical properties, i. E. The highest (relative permittivity / dielectric losses) ratio. The most significant result, a colossal relative permittivity of 500 000 associated with dielectric losses of 5% (300 K, 1 kHz), is reached for a BaTiO3-d ceramic containing a titanium excess (Ba/Ti=0. 95) after a reoxidation time of 15 minutes in air followed by quenching. A study of the oxygen diffusion in these nanoceramics was conducted through an 18O2/16O2 isotopic exchange followed by a characterization by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and showed a surface phenomenon and the grain boundaries blocking effect against oxygen diffusion. Electrical characterizations in temperature and the use of physical dielectric models enabled to identify the polarization mechanisms responsible for the colossal relative permittivities in the nanoceramics and to determine their respective contributions : hopping polarization (65%), interfacial polarization (20%) and electrode polarization (15%)
Clédat, Patrice. „Réalisation et étude comparative de dépôts céramiques obtenus par arc électrique sous vide ou dépôts ioniques : application à l'analyse du comportement anti-usure et des mécanismes de défaillance de revêtements PVD et CVD (TiN, CrN, DLC) sur outils de mise en forme“. Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO4001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarnault, Tristan. „Frittage par micro-ondes de céramiques mises en forme par impression 3D“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis deals with the sintering by microwave heating of alumina and yttria doped zirconia ceramics, shaped by additive manufacturing (Robocasting). Microwave heating allows to apply short thermal cycles with a moderate energy cost in comparison with conventional heating method. The combination of 3D printing and microwave sintering is a complete processing route, suitable for shaping and densification of small series of complex parts, saving raw material, time and energy. The aim of this work is therefore to reliably couple these two processes by improving our understanding of microwave/matter interactions, and by developing regulation methods and adapted sintering devices.The methods of automatic regulation and temperature monitoring of microwave devices were first dealt with. The frequency instability of magnetron sources is an obstacle to the application of effective automatic control if it is not taken into account. Subsequently, the microwave coupling of alumina and zirconia was discussed. These two materials have a very different behaviour. Alumina, which is quasi-transparent, heats with difficulty under direct irradiation. Zirconia, on the other hand, has a behaviour that changes strongly with temperature, going from not very absorbent to reflective, making it difficult to control its direct heating. Taking into account the characteristics of microwave devices and the behaviour of materials, a method of assisted microwave heating is proposed, allowing the rapid and controlled sintering of parts with varied compositions and geometries. Complex parts have been successfully sintered using this process
Jalinier, jean-Michel. „Mise en forme et endommagement“. Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1981/Jalinier.Jean_Michel.SMZ8102.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDi, Maio Yoan. „Etude de l'interaction laser-matière en régime d'impulsions ultra-courtes : application au micro-usinage de matériaux à destination de senseurs“. Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelhomme, Eric. „Déliantage, par CO2 supercritique, de matériaux céramiques réfractaires mis en forme par injection basse pression“. Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCatania, Philippe. „Synthèses, caractérisations et mises en forme du supraconducteur haute température YBa2Cu3O7“. Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllera, Rodolphe. „Mise en forme des structures textiles tendues“. Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePicart, Didier. „Comportement et mise en forme d'un explosif agrégataire“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DENS0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanu, Mihai Rey Christian. „Mise en forme d'apatites nanocristallines céramiques et ciments /“. Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoussert, Charles. „Mise en forme topologique : lumière et cristaux liquides“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0325/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe enclosed work deals with the study of the topological shaping of light and matter and will bedivided into two categories of research. The first focuses on the topological shaping of light from liquid-crystal based spin-orbit interfaces. In particular, we show in this manuscript, that different systems based on the use of natural topological defects behave as highly efficient natural optical spin-orbit encoders, for distinct topological charges, at the micron scale and with spatial control.The operating wave length and operation mode of such interfaces can be tuned in real-time using low voltage electric fields. This breakthrough opens the path to the ultra-broadband control of the light’sorbital state. The second category concerns the topological shaping of a cholesteric liquid crystal film in context of mass data storage. We show the potential to generate metastable topological mi-crostructures in a controlled and reconfigurable way, both in time and space and with a low energy cost. We also demonstrated a new, unique type of rewritable memory, controlled by the«spin»ofthe laser-generated incident photon
Durastanti, Sylvie. „Mise en voix et mise en forme dans naked lunch de william s. Burroughs“. Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWilliam s. Burroughs' first texts let appear the importance of the voice and the original form of the routine, derived from the sketch used by old southern humorits. The impact of the routine form implies both a constantly digressive kind of writing and the vocalisation patent in naked lunch, thus informing the format of the work. Thanks to the routine, the work belongs to the american tradition and to the breakthroughs of modernity; it is both a novel and an anti-novel. The routine creates a carnavalesque work, and delineates esthetics of the fragment, through paratactical procedures. While anticipating the cut-up, important in all the author's following works, naked lunch never falls into its mechanical aspects
Dos, Santos Maria Elenice. „Mise en forme et propriétés magnétiques de manganites multiferroïques“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059303.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBOULOS, ZIAD. „Interactions materiaux-procede dans la mise en forme superplastique“. Paris, ENSAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENAM0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCroizet, Frédéric. „Mise en forme et développement analytique du sirop M1371“. Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSantos, Maria Elenice dos. „Mise en forme et propriétés magnétiques de manganites multiferroïques“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStructural and magnetic properties of Co2MnO4, an inverse spinel structure with spatial group Fd3m and cubic symmetry, were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) and using a SQUID magnetometer. Co2MnO4 is a multiferroic compound presenting electrical and magnetic properties due to the presence of the Co and Mn elements, which are distributed on tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the AB2O4 structure. Valence fluctuations of Co and Mn (Co2+/Co3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+) can easily occur and depend on the synthesis procedures and thermal processes, which can change the oxidation states of the metallic cations. In this work, samples of BixCo2-xMnO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) were synthesized, partially replacing Co by Bi, a non magnetic element. A soft chemical route, the modified polymeric precursors method (MPPM) was used. All samples were heat-treated in similar conditions, under a temperature of 1100 ºC (24h). DRX results, associated with Rietveld refinements, showed crystalline materials with similar crystallographic data. The cell parameter of the cubic structure increased with the Bi content. SEM images showed that Bi presence altered the grains sizes (~1 - 10 µm). A spurious phase, rich in Bi, was formed due to both the solubility limit of Bi and the ionic radii of Co (0,65Å) and Bi (1,17Å). In order to solve these questions, synthesis of a new solid solution, the CoxBi2-xMnO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.7), by the MPPM route was attempted. In parallel, a novel elaboration method, the mechanochemical route (MS), was used to synthesize the BixCo2-xMnO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) series. The magnetic results, MxT (Zero‑Field–Cooled / Field–Cooled) cycles, 1/χ-versus-T curves and MxH hysteresis loops, revealed important information about the magnetic nature and oxidation states of the Co and Mn cations. The ferrimagnetic behavior of Co2MnO4 was preserved, with the ZFC/FC curves exhibiting well-defined magnetic transitions and strong irreversibility below TC. Several magnetic parameters, such as TC, Tmax, MFC (extrapolation of the FC curve to T=0), the coercive field HC and MS (saturation magnetization to H= 50 kOe) changed significantly with the Bi content. According to the structural and magnetic results, a charge balance is proposed, (Co2+)[Co2+x(Bi3+,CoIII)1-xMn3+1-xMn4+x]O4, where Co2+ occupies the tetrahedral positions “( )” and is responsible of the antiferromagnetic interactions, all others cations occupying the octahedral sites “[ ]” and are responsible of ferromagnetism. The CoIII cations at the octahedral sites are on a low-spin non-magnetic configuration (S = 0) and they are partially substituted by Bi, also a non-magnetic ion, resulting on an effective moment μeff ~ 8,2 µB, with no change as a function of the Bi content
As propriedades estruturais e magnéticas do composto Co2MnO4, uma estrutura espinélio inversa de grupo espacial Fd3m e simetria cúbica, foram investigadas por difração de raios X e usando um magnetômetro SQUID. Co2MnO4 é um composto multiferróico, exibindo propriedades elétricas e magnéticas devido à presença dos elementos Co e Mn, distribuídos nos sítios tetraédricos e octaédricos da estrutura AB2O4. A flutuação das valências Co2+/Co3+ e Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ podem ocorrer facilmente e estão sujeitas aos processos de síntese e efeitos térmicos, podendo ser associados a estes variações nos estados de oxidação de Co e Mn devido à substituições parciais destes elementos. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas amostras BixCo2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 0,3), sendo o Bi um elemento não magnético. Para tal, uma rota de síntese química, o método MPPM, foi utilizada. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos em condições idênticas, na temperatura de estabilização da fase BixCo2-xMnO4 igual a 1100ºC (24h). Os resultados de DRX e refinamentos de Rietveld mostraram que o método MPPM produziu amostras cristalinas com informações cristalográficas idênticas, exceto no caso do parâmetro de rede que aumentou em dependência ao percentual de Bi. As imagens morfológicas destes materiais mostraram que o Bi alterou a forma e o tamanho dos grãos variando entre (~0,5 – 1,7 µm). Devido ao limite de solubilidade do Bi dentro da rede espinélio e à diferença entre os raios iônicos do Co (0,65Å) e Bi (1,17Å), a formação de uma fase espúria rica em Bi ocorreu. No sentido de solucionar questões como esta, a síntese do sistema CoxBi2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 1,7) pela rota MPPM e de BixCo2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 0,3) por método de mecanosíntese foram realizadas. Os resultados magnéticos, curvas MxT (Zero Field – Cooled ZFC e Field – Cooled FC); 1/χ versus T e MxH, revelaram informações importantes sobre a disposição dos cátions presentes. O comportamento ferrimagnético de Co2MnO4 foi mantido, com as curvas ZFC e FC mostrando irreversibilidade e transições bem definidas abaixo de TC. No entanto, os valores de TC, Tmáx e MFC (extrapolação da curva FC para T = 0) obtidos por MxT, assim como ΘCW obtidos por 1/χ versus T, e HC e MS (magnetização de saturação para H= 50 kOe) obtidos por MxH sofreram mudanças significativas, as quais foram associadas ao Bi que alterou o ambiente magnético dos materiais. De acordo com os resultados estruturais e magnéticos, um balanço de cargas foi proposto para BixCo2-xMnO4: (Co2+)[Co2+x(Bi3+, CoIII)1-xMn3+1-xMn4+x]O4, sendo os cátions Co2+ nas posições ( ), responsáveis pelas interações AFM e todos os cátions posicionados em [ ] na relação acima, responsáveis pelo caráter FM destes materiais. Os valores de μef = ~ 8,2µB, para todas as amostras BixCo2-xMnO4 (0,0 ≤ x ≤ 0,3), não sofreram alterações. Os cátions CoIII, presentes nos sítios octaédricos, possuem uma configuração de baixo spin (S = 0), o que não implicou em qualquer mudança na soma total dos μef quando da substituição de Co por Bi, uma vez que ambos não são elementos co momentos magnéticos
Ghadimi, nassiri Mikaël. „Mise en forme topologique large-bande de la lumière“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0187/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday, several beam shaping tools are available, some of them commercially, but most of themare designed for only one working wavelength. This thesis aims to develop several experimentalapproaches for broadband topological beam shaping of light. After the presentation of the state ofthe art, our work focuses on vortex shaping of polychromatic beam exploiting the spin-orbitinteraction of light. Concretely, we report the development of four techniques to modulate the socalledgeometric phase of polychromatic light fields. First, we describe anisotropic reflection frominterfaces that involves at least one uniaxial crystal. We identify a refractive index matchingcriterion enabling highly pure broadband phase control. Then we discuss the use of circularBragg reflection phenomenon inherent to the optics of cholesteric liquid crystals. This propertyallows the selective reflection of circularly polarized light over a bandgap while the reflected fieldacquires a geometric phase. These properties are exploited to design, fabricate and characterizestructured mirrors reflecting Laguerre-Gauss optical modes to a good approximation. The last twosolutions consist of vortex beam shaping using inhomogeneous anisotropic planar opticalelements, namely, topological defects that spontaneously appear in homeotropic nematic liquidcrystal films characterized by negative dielectric anisotropy. The first option is based on using twodefects in series while the other is based of parallel processing using an array of independentlycontrolled topological defects, each of them being dedicated to process distinct spectralchannels. The latter approach can be viewed as a spatial light modulator whose pixels areinhomogeneous and potential applications are proposed in the field of super-resolution opticalimaging and spatio-temporal beam shaping of ultrashort pulses
Algrain, Isabelle. „L'alabastre attique: origine, forme et usages“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209979.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l’identification de l’origine de l’alabastre et à sa diffusion en Méditerranée orientale. L’alabastre est originaire d'Égypte, où les premiers exemplaires en albâtre se développent à partir du VIIIe s. av. J.-C. Après avoir tracé son évolution morphologique, la thèse met en évidence les diverses régions de la Méditerranée orientale telles que le Levant, la Mésopotamie ou la Perse, où la forme est exportée et copiée, le plus souvent par des ateliers qui produisent des vases en pierre. Cette première partie met également l’accent sur le statut particulier de l’alabastre en pierre en Orient et en Égypte, où il restera longtemps associé au pouvoir royal ou aristocratique. Elle traite enfin de l’apparition de l’alabastre et de son statut dans le monde grec oriental. Ces importations déclenchent une réaction presque immédiate chez les artisans de ces régions qui produisent des alabastres en argent, en verre, en faïence, en ivoire, en bois et en céramique.
La seconde partie de cette étude aborde la production de l’alabastre attique en céramique qui s’étend du VIe s. av. J.-C. au début du IVe s. av. J.-C. Un premier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de son introduction dans le répertoire formel au milieu du VIe s. av. J.-C. par l’atelier d’Amasis et aux inspirations probables de cet artisan. Cette section s’est également penchée sur le difficile problème des phases de la production et de l’organisation interne des différents ateliers. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré une méthode d’analyse basée à la fois sur l’examen minutieux du travail du potier grâce aux variations dans les profils des vases et sur les données obtenues par les études ethno-archéologiques pour tenter de différencier les alabastres produits au sein d’ateliers différents et d’identifier, quand cela s’avérait possible, différents potiers au sein d’un même atelier. Cette étude formelle a distingué trois phases différentes de production qui présentent des caractéristiques typologiques distinctes. L’examen de l’organisation interne des ateliers a également mis en évidence les caractéristiques morphologiques des vases et a identifié les potiers les plus importants. L’examen attentif des pièces céramiques a permis de regrouper au sein d’un même atelier des artisans dont les liens étaient jusqu’alors insoupçonnés. Enfin, la deuxième partie se clôture par une analyse de la carte de distribution des alabastres attiques
La troisième partie de ce travail porte sur la fonction et les différents usages de l’alabastre sur base des sources littéraires, épigraphiques, iconographiques et archéologiques. Cette section se penche plus particulièrement sur l’identification des utilisateurs privilégiés des alabastres. En effet, de nombreuses études lient, de manière presque systématique, l’alabastre au monde féminin. Ce propos mérite d’être nuancé car, si le vase apparaît à maintes reprises dans des contextes féminins tels que ceux de la toilette et de la parure, il ne constitue pas exclusivement un symbole du monde des femmes. Cette troisième partie met en évidence le fait que l’alabastre est également utilisé dans un grand nombre d’autres contextes, notamment rituels, et représente souvent un symbole de luxe et de raffinement à l’orientale.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Aljerf, Moustafa. „Propriétés mécaniques des verres métalliques. Mise en forme et applications“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAljerf, M. „Propriété Mécaniques des Verres Métalliques ; Mise en Forme et Applications“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManach, Pierre-Yves. „Lois de comportement et mise en forme des matériaux métalliques“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269039.
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