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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mise en balance“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mise en balance"
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Alleaume, Christophe. „La mise en balance du droit d’auteur“. Revue internationale de droit comparé 62, Nr. 2 (2010): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2010.19949.
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Poirot-Mazères, Isabelle, und Patrick Chaskiel. „Chapitre 4. Risques et bénéfices des nanotechnologies médicales : quelle mise en balance ?“ Journal international de bioéthique et d'éthique des sciences 29, Nr. 2 (2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jibes.292.0069.
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Favreau, Bertrand. „« Un président ne devrait pas dire ça »“. Revue trimestrielle des droits de l'Homme N° 136, Nr. 4 (25.09.2023): 1069–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rtdh.136.1069.
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L’arrêt Mesić c. Croatie de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme du 5 mai 2022 constitue une nouvelle approche du conflit entre la liberté d’expression protégée par l’article 10 de la Convention et le droit à la vie privée tel qu’il est garanti par l’article 8. Au-delà d’une mise à jour de la méthodologie de la « mise en balance » dans la lignée des arrêts Von Hannover et Axel Springer AG c. Allemagne , il vient également renforcer le statut et le rôle accordés à l’avocat en considération du droit pour chacun d’avoir accès à un tribunal dans la filiation notamment de l’arrêt fondateur Golder c. Royaume-Uni , mais aussi la place centrale de l’avocat dans le système de protection des droits de l’homme instauré par la Convention.
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Diawara, Karounga. „L’intégration des objectifs économiques et sociaux dans l’appréciation de l’exception d’efficience“. Les Cahiers de droit 53, Nr. 2 (13.06.2012): 257–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009443ar.
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Si, dans son principe, l’exception d’efficience semble simple, puisqu’elle prévoit une mise en balance entre les effets anticoncurrentiels, d’une part, et les gains en efficience, d’autre part, sa mise en oeuvre présente néanmoins plusieurs difficultés, dont la plus importante consiste en l’équilibrage et en la pondération entre les gains en efficience et les effets anticoncurrentiels. En effet, cet équilibrage des gains en efficience et des effets anticoncurrentiels doit fondamentalement tenir compte de tous les objectifs de nature économique et sociale poursuivis par le droit canadien de la concurrence. Dès lors, la question principale que suscite cette étude est de savoir comment faudrait-il concilier les objectifs de nature économique et sociale dans l’interprétation de l’exception d’efficience ? Cette étude explore ainsi la possibilité de la réception de normes de nature sociale au sein du droit de la concurrence qui, par ses objets, est caractérisé par une forte prégnance économique. Elle a pour objet de montrer à travers l’appréciation de l’exception d’efficience qu’une conciliation des objectifs en apparence contradictoires de nature sociale et économique est possible et souhaitable. À cet effet, le critère d’équilibrage des gains en efficience et des effets anticoncurrentiels, qui concilie et intègre le mieux les objectifs économiques et sociaux dans l’appréciation de la balance d’efficience, semble être le critère du surplus modéré du consommateur que nous proposons dans la seconde partie de l’étude.
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Lisonkova, Sarka, und K. S. Joseph. „Homéostasie du risque : Mise en balance des effets biologiques et psychosociaux du report de la grossesse“. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 33, Nr. 8 (August 2011): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(16)34979-9.
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Simsek, Eylem, und Ayse Asli Bozdag. „A visual social semiotic investigation into the popularity of Ronaldo and Messi’s chess photo on Instagram: Implications for new media and audience engagement“. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 14, Nr. 3 (01.07.2024): e202432. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/14603.
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This qualitative study adopts a visual social semiotic approach to examine the multifaceted engagement incited by Annie Leibovitz’s photograph portraying Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi in a contemplative game of chess, ensconced amidst an array of Louis Vuitton merchandise. Through semiotics, mise en scène, and sociolinguistics, we unravel the photograph’s layered significances, employing studium and punctum to dissect viewer engagement. Cognitive linguistics reveals the interplay of myths, metaphors, and metonymy, crafting a narrative that intertwines football, chess, and luxury into potent cultural symbols. The mise en scène theory illuminates the nuanced balance between authenticity and artifice, while sociolinguistic insights bridge visual and linguistic communications for a diverse audience. The photograph, as a convergence of composition, culture, and technology, exemplifies how visual narratives blend these elements to forge connections and evoke responses. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of digital visual storytelling’s power in shaping cultural dialogues and perceptions, showcasing the role of iconic imagery in the tapestry of social media discourse.
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Du-Thanh, Aurélie, und Bernard Guillot. „Anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques“. médecine/sciences 35, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2019): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019201.
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Les anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques en dermatologie ont d’abord été utilisés pour la prise en charge du psoriasis, puis, plus récemment, de l’urticaire chronique spontanée et de la dermatite atopique. Trois exemples seront abordés dans cette revue: le dupilumab, l’omalizumab et le lanadélumab. Leur mode d’action spécifique résulte d’une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes inflammatoires de ces maladies chroniques qui partageaient autrefois des traitements topiques ou systémiques plus ou moins ciblés. Leur utilisation onéreuse doit cependant être raisonnée par la mise en perspective de l’épidémiologie, de l’évaluation précise de la sévérité, de l’optimisation des traitements de première ligne, et de la balance bénéfices/risques.
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Chataigner, Jean. „Situation et perspectives de la production alimentaire en Côte-d'Ivoire“. Économies et Sociétés. Série Progrès en agriculture 19, Nr. 718 (1985): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/esag.1985.1641.
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Aux trois quarts tropicale humide, la Côte-d'Ivoire offre l'exemple d'un pays où la dynamique de plantation café et cacao repose sur la mobilisation toujours croissante de terres et de travail jusque-là disponibles. Il en résulte une production associée de féculents largement suffisante. Mais parallèlement l'amélioration générale des conditions de vie et l'accroissement des revenus monétaires paysans entraînent une augmentation et une diversification du régime alimentaire qui nécessitent des importations croissantes encouragées par une politique de prix favorable aux consommateurs. Les incertitudes qui pèsent sur l'avenir de la dynamique de plantation et la nécessité de maîtriser la balance commerciale , obligent à une nouvelle définition de la politique agricole dont la mise en œuvre reste difficile.
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Ka, Rougyatou, Babacar Ba und Mouhamadou Mawlid Diakhaté. „La durabilité des systèmes halieutiques sénégalais dans un contexte d’exploitation des hydrocarbures : réflexion géographique à partir des territoires de la Grande-Côte“. Africa Development 47, Nr. 3 (05.10.2022): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i3.2672.
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Cet article pose la problématique de la durabilité des systèmes halieutiques dans le contexte de l’exploitation des ressources pétrolières et gazières au Sénégal (Sangomar offshore, Cayar offshore et Saint-Louis offshore). Ces ressources stratégiques s’insèrent, voire s’incrustent dans des territoires de fortes traditions halieutiques. Lesquels ont su jouer un rôle déterminant dans la sécurité des ménages sénégalais en leur assurant la sécurité alimentaire et l’équilibre social, en sus de l’équilibre de la balance commerciale. Mais sont-ils suffisamment préparés pour résister aux mutations d’origine pétro-gazière tout en assurant la stabilité des systèmes halieutiques traditionnels ? Cette question commence à prendre forme dans les territoires de pêche de la Grande-Côte (Cayar et Saint-Louis) déjà infléchis par la crise halieutique issue des effets combinés du changement climatique et des pressions anthropiques sur les ressources. Ces territoires connaissent une baisse de leur production halieutique, à laquelle s’ajoutent la mise au chômage technique des acteurs de la pêche et la migration clandestine des jeunes pêcheurs vers l’Europe. Dans un tel contexte, une mise en prospective de ces systèmes halieutiques s’impose pour, d’une part, identifier des mécanismes de durabilité relatifs au maintien de leur vocation halieutique, et, d’autre part, élaborer des stratégies de diversification économique.
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Roux, Tom-Loup. „La mise en représentation du «bon gouvernement» : le programme iconographique du Livre juratoire d’Agen (fin XIIIe siècle)“. Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale 131, Nr. 307 (2019): 307–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/anami.2019.8998.
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The Livre juratoire (“oath book”) contains the writing of the customs of Agen, that is to say the city’s urban liberties and franchises which were put in writing at the end of the 13th century. Through the 93 sheets of medieval parchment, one discovers the system of administration of the city, which confirms a balance of power between the count and the twelve consuls in the exercise of political prerogatives. Illuminations in the Livre juratoire occupy a very important place in this manuscript. Of its 57 articles, 51 are illuminated with a historiated initial or a miniature. Each of these images depicts the subject matter developed in the chapter it accompanies, according to the information conveyed by the text. From this point on, it would seem that the image maintains a semiological relationship with the text, which is indispensable to the construction of a general political discourse on consular “good government”.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Mise en balance"
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Yousef, Mohammad. „Mise en évidence de quelques relations entre la régulation de la balance hydrominérale et les cycles de reproduction chez les amphibiens“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1319.
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Les amphibiens sont des vertébrés liés aux alternances entre la vie aquatique et la vie terrestre et aux alternances saisonnières. Le développement embryonnaire commence par une phase aquatique et se termine par une métamorphose qui donnera une forme juvénile terrestre pouvant rester dans le milieu aquatique chez certaines espèces retournées secondairement à la vie aquatique. Les cycles de reproduction sont régulés, entre autres, par les hormones hypophysaires: LH et FSH (gonadotropes) et PRL (prolactine). La régulation hydrominérale des vertébrés est également assurée par des hormones neurohypophysaires telles que l'arginine vasopressine (AVP), l'ocytocine (OT), l'arginine vasotocine (AVT), la mésotocine (MST) et l'isotocine (IST). Le but du travail effectué dans le cadre de cette thèse a été d'apporter quelques éléments de compréhension des liens pouvant exister entre la reproduction et la régulation hydrominérale. Les cycles de reproduction de Typhlonectes compressicauda sont soumis à des alternances saisonnières caractérisées par une saison des pluies et une saison sèche.Dans le présent travail nous avons mis en évidence les principales hormones impliquées dans la régulation de la balance hydrique (AVT, MST). Parallèlement, une étude précise de la structure des reins avec la mise en évidence des récepteurs de différentes hormones concernées a été menée. La mise en évidence par biochimie (western blot et dosage) des différentes hormones et de leurs récepteurs (immunohistochimie) a également été effectuée chez Xenopus laevis, espèce aquatique représentant un modèle d'étude conventionnel, de manière à apprécier l'implication de ces hormones lorsque l'animal termine sa métamorphoseThe amphibians are vertebrates the cycle of life being related to both the alternations between aquatic and terrestrial phases and seasonal alternations. Embryonic development begins with an aquatic phase and completed with a metamorphosis, at the end of which terrestrial juveniles animals can persist in the aquatic environment in secondary aquatic species. The breeding cycles are regulated by the pituitary hormones: LH, FSH (gonadotropins) and PRL (prolactin). The hydromineral regulation of vertebrates is also ensured by neurohypophysial neurohormones such as arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT), vasotocin (AVT), mesotocin (MST), and isotocin (IST).The work in the context of this thesis was to bring some elements for understanding the relationships that may exist between the reproduction and hydromineral regulations.The reproductive cycles in Typhlonectes compressicauda are submitted to seasonal alternations characterized by a rainy season and a dry season. In the present work we highlighted the main hormones involved in the regulation of hydric balance in amphibians (AVT, MST). In parallel, a precise study of the structure of the kidneys with the identification of receptors of various hormones concerned, was performed. The identification of both various hormones and their receptors by biochemistry (Western blot, assay) and immunohistochemistry was also performed on Xenopus laevis, an aquatic species representing also a conventional model for the study, in way to appreciate the implication of these hormones when the animal completes its metamorphosis
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Melka, Johanna. „Répercussion des fluctuations du taux de change sur les prix des firmes exportatrices : une mise en évidence des comportements de "pricing-to-market" et de leurs conséquences macro-économiques“. Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010063.
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Cette thèse analyse en termes théoriques et empiriques, les comportements de prix des firmes exportatrices face aux variations du change. Nous cherchons à mettre en lumiere l'adoption de comportements de pricing-tomarket et à étudier leurs conséquences d'un point de vue macro-économique. Nous analysons dans un premier chapitre les facteurs qui incitent la firme à ne pas répercuter les variations de change sur ses prix de vente, autrement dit à adopter un comportement de pricing-to-market. Nous appuyons nos conclusions théoriques par une analyse empirique du comportement de répercussion des firmes françaises et allemandes en Europe, aux États-Unis et au Japon, sur le secteur automobile, dans un deuxième chapitre. Nous parvenons à montrer que les firmes françaises et allemandes adoptent une stratégie de pricing-to-market conditionnée au pays client et au produit vendu. Nous montrons de plus, en utilisant les modèles à seuil dans un troisième chapitre, que le sens et l'ampleur des variations de change déterminent la stratégie de la firme exportatrice. Une telle strategie n'est pas neutre quant à l'impact des politiques macro-économiques sur les économiques puisqu'elle suppose que les prix des biens en monnaie de l'acheteur sont rigides alors que les modèles traditionnels de macro-économie les considèrent flexibles. À ce titre, dans un dernier chapitre, nous montrons que si les firmes exportatrices ne repercutent pas les variations de change sur leurs prix de vente, alors une dévaluation peut non seulement avoir un impact défavorable sur la balance commerciale du pays dévaluateur, mais aussi entrainer une suréaction du taux de change.
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Fourment, Victoria. „Le contrôle de proportionnalité à la Cour de cassation : l’office du juge à l’épreuve de la mise en balance et du contrôle de conventionnalité“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://scd-proxy.univ-brest.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/isbn/9782247234455.
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Depuis 2013, la Cour de cassation exerce un contrôle de proportionnalité des atteintes portées par l’application de la loi aux droits fondamentaux des individus garantis par la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Ce contrôle s’exerce dans des domaines aussi divers que la validité du mariage entre alliés, le droit du travail ou les infractions pénales. L’originalité de ce contrôle de conventionnalité de la loi appliquée au cas d’espèce (in concreto) vient du fait qu’il permet d’évincer la loi pour trancher le litige. L’objet de la thèse est d’interroger et d’évaluer cette innovation. Celle-ci se situe à la croisée de deux visions opposées des droits fondamentaux. Selon un modèle classique, les droits fondamentaux sont conçus comme des « boucliers » que détiennent les individus vis-à-vis de l’action de l’État. Ils ont donc vocation à s’appliquer dans un rapport vertical ou hiérarchique vis-à-vis d'un pouvoir, rapport qui ne se retrouve pas dans les litiges entre individus sauf pour le contrat de travail. Selon un modèle plus récent, les droits fondamentaux sont mis sur un pied d’égalité avec la loi, ce qui implique leur « mise en balance » pour déterminer l’issue du litige. Cette méthode, normalement réservée aux rapports interindividuels, s’adapte mal au contrôle hiérarchique de la loi que la Cour de cassation souhaite opérer. La recherche conclut à la nécessité de respecter l’opposition des deux modèles pour conditionner l’extension du champ d’application du contrôle de proportionnalité aux rapports qui opposent l’individu à la loi. Le cantonnement au seul contrôle abstrait de conventionnalité apparaît alors déterminant pour mettre fin à une telle extensionSince 2013, the Cour de cassation has been exercising proportionality over the infringement of the fundamental rights of individuals guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. This control is exercised in areas as diverse as the validity of marriage between spouses, labour law or criminal offences. The originality of this control of conventionality of the statute applied to the case (in concreto) comes from the fact that it makes it possible to bypass the statute in order to settle the case. The purpose of this thesis is to question and evaluate this innovation. Indeed, it lies at the crossroads of two opposed visions of fundamental rights. According to a classical model, fundamental rights are conceived as “shields” held by individuals against state interference. They are therefore intended to be applied in a vertical or hierarchical relation to a power, a relation that is not found in disputes between individuals except for the employment contract. According to a more recent model, fundamental rights are placed on an equal level with a statute, which implies that they are “weighed up” to resolve the issue. This method, which is normally reserved for inter-individual relations, does not fit with the hierarchical control of the statute that the Cour de cassation wishes to apply. The research therefore concludes that it is necessary to respect the opposition of the two models to condition the extension of the scope of application of the proportionality review to the relation between the individual and the law. The confinement to the sole abstract control of conventionality then appears to be a determining factor in putting an end to such an extension
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Haccoun, Alexis. „La mise en balance des libertés et de la sécurité dans le cadre du contrôle juridictionnel des mesures antiterroristes : l'exemple de la Cour suprême israélienne“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32072.
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Les "attentats hécatombes" dans des grandes métropoles occidentales (New York, Londres, Madrid) ont suscité l'adoption par des Etats démocratiques de dispositifs antiterroristes dont le caractère liberticide a rendu nécessaire le contrôle juridictionnel des juges. Ce dernier, qui se fonde massivement sur l'instrument de la mise en balance (ou critère de proportionnalité), traduit une rupture avec l'approche juridique déontologique traditionnelle et marque l'adhésion à une logique instrumentaliste où la légalité de l'atteinte aux libertés individuelles est appréciée en référence aux gains sécuritaires escomptés du fait de la mesure incriminée. Ce passage à une logique instrumentaliste s'inscrit dans une tendance structurelle de recours croissant à ce type de rationalité, en théorie politique, pour évaluer la pertinence d'un choix collectif ou individuel: ce positionnement invite à penser la mise en balance en liaison avec ce vaste ensemble théorique dans le cadre d'une approche transdisciplinaire et à mettre à jour les échanges entre la pratique juridique et la théorie de la décision. Cette étude, qui s'appuie sur le cas de la Cour suprême d'Israël, met en évidence le rôle fondamental des concepts issus de la théorie de la décision (analyse marginale. . . ) dans l'usage de la mise en balance et met en question la possibilité d'une création ex nihilo par les juristes. En retour, elle montre en quoi la mise en balance peut nourrir la réflexion théorique sur la question des choixThe slaughter bombings on Western cities (New York, London, Madrid) has provoked the adoption by democracies of counterterrorist legislations whose restrictions on liberties imposed judicial review by national Courts. This review, based on the principle of the "balancing test" (or "proportionality test"), represents an upset of the traditional deontological judicial approach and marks the adhesion to a consequentialist view in which the legality of the restriction to the individual liberties is evaluated in reference to the anticipated benefits on security of the incriminated act. The adoption by the judges of a consequentialist posture come within the framework of a broad tendency of increasing resorting to this kind of rationality in political theory to evaluate the relevance of an individual or public choice: this location invites to study the balancing test in link with this broad theoretical whole in the framework of a transdisciplinary approach and to bring to the fore the exchanges between the balancing test and the choice theory. This work, which rely on the case of the Israel Supreme Court, emphasizes the fundamental role of the concepts stemming from the choice theory (marginal analysis. . . ) in the use of the balancing test and challenge the idea of a ex nihilo creation. In return, it shows how the balancing test can improve the study of the choice theory
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Pelletier, François. „Mise au point d'observateurs d'état pour le suivi de cultures de cellules animales“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL135N.
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L’objectif de ce travail est l'élaboration d'outils d'estimation d'état simples d'emploi pour l'évaluation de la composition des milieux de culture cellulaires. La première partie concerne le développement d'un nouvel estimateur appelé observateur à base de bilans de matière construit sur le principe de l'observateur asymptotique. Il peut être appliqué à n'importe quel type de culture. Il ne nécessite aucun réglage. La possibilité de prendre en compte certaines lois cinétiques connues permet de le faire fonctionner avec un nombre restreint de mesures. La seconde partie traite de la mise au point d'une nouvelle variante du filtre de Kalman, le filtre de Kalman auto-ajustable. Le réglage du filtre de Kalman est délicat et peut conduire à des problèmes de stabilité de l'erreur d'estimation et de convergence des valeurs estimées vers les valeurs réelles. Le filtre de Kalman auto-ajustable assura la stabilité des erreurs d'estimations avec un nombre réduit de réglages. Les deux nouveaux observateurs ont été appliqués à trois cultures d'hybridomes productrices d'anticorps monoclonaux. À partir de deux mesures expérimentales (glucose et lactate déshydrogénase ou ammoniaque et lactate déshydrogénase), la composition du milieu de culture est évaluée par les deux techniques. L’observateur à base de bilans de matière a donné de bons résultats et ceux obtenus avec le filtre de Kalman auto-ajustable sont acceptables tant que l'on ne sort pas du domaine de validité du modèle
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Koubi, Rufin Médard. „Rôle de la représentativité dans la mise en œuvre et la dynamique de la gouvernance des universités françaises de 1968 à nos jours“. Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0047.
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Depuis 1968, la gestion des universités françaises connaît de nombreuses et diverses évolutions. En 2007, l’adoption de la loi relative aux Libertés et Responsabilités des Universités, donne à la gouvernance une nouvelle orientation philosophique et pratique. Celle-ci consacre désormais l’affaiblissement du législatif face à l’exécutif et le renforcement des pouvoirs du Président de l’université qui s’appuie davantage sur une stratégie managériale. Ce nouveau contexte bouleverse l’équilibre des pouvoirs institutionnellement établis dans le champ universitaire. Cette évolution engendre une tension entre la présidentialisation connotée de la logique managériale et la collégialité qui constitue la base historique de l’administration des universités françaises. Le rôle réel de la représentativité dans la gouvernance des dites universités est ainsi posé. Trois universités de tailles différentes, Strasbourg, Limoges et Nîmes font l’objet d’une étude à partir d’entretiens semi directifs avec les acteurs concernés par le « rôle de la représentativité dans la mise en oeuvre et la dynamique de la gouvernance des universités »Since 1968, management of French universities has many and various developments. In 2007, the adoption of the Law on Civil Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities, gives to the governance a new philosophical and practical guidance. The adoption of the Law on Civil Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities, gives governance a new philosophical and practical guidance. That law now shifting the weakening of the legislative face to the executive and the strengthening of the powers of President of the university who leans more on a managerial strategy. This new context upsets the balance of power institutionally established in the university field. This evolution engenders a tension between the Presidentialization connoted by the managerial logic and the corporatism which constitutes the historic basis of the administration of the French universities. This is the real role of representation in the governance of these Universities. Three universities with different sizes, Strasbourg, Limoges and Nimes are the subjects of a study from semi-directive interviews with The Concerned Actors For The "role of representation in the implementation and dynamics of the universities governance."
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Ameline, Maël. „Diagnostic hydrique et estimation de la production de la culture de maïs : vers la mise en place d'un service tout temps“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30314.
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La thèse répond aux objectifs d'évaluer le potentiel d'estimation de la production de parcelles de maïs, ainsi que de leurs besoins hydriques. Les travaux, validés dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, reposent sur le couplage du modèle agro-météorologique à de l'imagerie satellitaire pour étendre le suivi à une échelle régionale. Le but est de s'affranchir des contraintes nuageuses imposées sur les acquisitions optiques, grâce à l'utilisation du radar Sentinel-1. L'estimation de la production comprend la biomasse sèche (épi, plante) ainsi que le rendement à l'échelle parcellaire. Au-delà des améliorations du modèle, l'assimilation combinée de l'optique et du radar donne de bons résultats et améliore les simulations basées sur l'optique en comblant l'absence de données en début de saison (forte nébulosité). Les résultats de l'estimation du contenu en eau sont plus contrastés. Le détail des erreurs révèle notamment des défauts liés aux propriétés du sol ou aux déclarations des agriculteursThe study explores the feasibility to estimate the corn field production and its water needs during the irrigation period. The work, validated in the South-West of France, is based on an agro-meteorological model coupled with satellite imagery to extend monitoring to regional scale. The recent availability of Sentinel-1 radar mission allows monitoring without atmospheric constraints (e.g. clouds) as opposed to optical acquisitions. The estimation of production is linked with dry biomass (ear, plant) and yield data at the field scale. Beyond new improvements, the combination of optical and radar provides accurate results and even improves the estimations based on optical by filling the gaps caused by cloud cover at the beginning of the season. The water needs simulation are more contrasted as a result of the accuracy of the input data. Moreover, some features (e.g. soil properties) can be seen within soil moisture measurements, even though they cannot be modeled
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Rouaux, Caroline. „Etude du rôle de la balance HAT/HDAC dans les phénomènes de neurodégénérescence : Mise en évidence du rôle neuroprotecteur de CBP et des effets thérapeutiques des inhibiteurs de HDAC sur un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/ROUAUX_Caroline_2006.pdf.
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L’apoptose neuronale peut s’enclencher de manière inappropriée lors de maladies neurodégénératives. Elle requiert un programme génétique dont l’activation résulte notamment de régulations épigénétiques comme l’acétylation des histones. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer le rôle des histone acétyltransférases (HATs)/histone déacétylases (HDACs) dans la survie et la mort neuronale. Les résultats, obtenus dans un modèle d’apoptose neuronale in vitro, et dans un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique (maladie neurodégénérative d’issue fatale affectant les motoneurones) convergent vers la perte d’une HAT particulière, CBP, et une diminution des niveaux d’acétylation, selon deux nouveaux mécanismes : clivage par la caspase-6 et répression transcriptionnelle. L’inhibition des HDACs par le valproate de sodium s’avère neuroprotectrice in vitro et in vivo, permet l’amélioration de l’état de santé des animaux et est encourageante dans le traitement des maladies neurodégénérativesNeuronal apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs pathologically in neurodegenerative diseases. It requires a specific genetic program whose application results at least partly from epigenetic regulations such as histone acetylation. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the role of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) in neuronal survival and death. Our results, obtained in a simplified cellular model of neuronal apoptosis and in a in vivo model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons) point to the loss of a specific HAT, CBP, and histone deacetylation, according to two new mechanisms: caspase-6-mediated proteolytic cleavage and gene repression. HDAC inhibition by sodium valproate maintains proper acetylation levels, displays neuroprotective functions both in vitro and in vivo, increases animals sate of health and is then very promising as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases
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Rouaux, Caroline Boutillier Anne-Laurence. „Etude du rôle de la balance HAT/HDAC dans les phénomènes de neurodégénérescence Mise en évidence du rôle neuroprotecteur de CBP et des effets thérapeutiques des inhibiteurs de HDAC sur un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique /“. Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/908/01/ROUAUX_Caroline_2006.pdf.
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Thèse doctorat : Sciences du vivant. Aspects Moléculaires et Cellulaires de la Biologie : Strasbourg 1 : 2006.Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 34 p.
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Savoye, François Paul. „Impact des impulsions périodiques de courant sur la performance et la durée de vie des accumulateurs lithium-ion et conséquences de leur mise en oeuvre dans une application transport“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10027/document.
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Ce travail vise à identifier l’impact potentiel des impulsions périodiques de courant sur laperformance et la durée de vie des accumulateurs graphite/LiFePO4. Il apparait que,contrairement aux résultats connus pour les accumulateurs Plomb-acide et à ceux annoncéspar certains auteurs de la littérature pour les accumulateurs Li-ion, l’application d’impulsionspériodiques de courant ne présente pas d’intérêt dans une logique d’amélioration de laperformance et/ou de la durée de vie des accumulateurs Li-ion. De surcroit, certains typesd’impulsions ont été identifiés pour entrainer des effets préjudiciables à ces derniers. En seréférant à une application de véhicule industriel hybride électrique, nous avons évalué sur descritères techniques et économiques l’intérêt d’implémenter un système de stockage d’énergiecombiné, c'est-à-dire mutualisant l’usage d’une batterie Li-ion et desupercondensateurs/condensateurs. Il apparait que les stratégies consistant à agir sur lescomposantes hautes fréquences du signal pour ajouter/retirer des impulsions du profil vu parla batterie ne permettent pas d’accéder à des allongements de durée de vie qui pourraientcompenser le surcoût actuel lié à l’implémentation de ces systèmes. En outre, il apparait quele meilleur levier d’optimisation du bilan technique et économique associé au système destockage d’énergie est son dimensionnement. En effet, même si les systèmes de stockaged’énergie combinés utilisant les supercondensateurs permettent d’atteindre des réductions duratio coût/durée de vie considérables, la prise en compte globale des critères de coût, de duréede vie, de masse et d’encombrement s’avère plus favorable à la solution constituée d’unebatterie seule, de taille optimisée vis-à-vis de son applicationThis work aims to identify the possible impact of periodic current pulses on both performanceand lifetime of graphite/LiFePO4 secondary batteries. Contrary to the well-known results onlead-acid batteries and to results announced in previously published works, periodic pulses donot bring any benefit to the performance and the lifetime of Li-ion batteries. Moreover,certain pulse types have been identified to be detrimental to Li-ion batteries. Using the hybridelectric vehicle application as a reference, we evaluated both the technical and economicalaspects of implementing combined energy storage systems composed with Li-ion batteriesand supercapacitors/capacitors. We found that the control strategies acting on high frequencyharmonics of the current signal to adding/retrieving pulses to the Li-ion battery profile doesnot prolong its life enough to compensate the extra cost of such system implementation.Furthermore, it seems that the best way to optimize the technico-economic balance of theenergy storage system is the sizing. Even if combined energy storage systems using Li-ionbatteries and supercapacitors enable to considerably increase the lifetime/cost ratio, a generalconsideration of the criteria cost, life, mass and volume is more favorable to a solution whereone single Li-ion battery is optimally sized for its application
Bücher zum Thema "Mise en balance"
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Wyke, Maria. The Pleasures and Punishments of Roman Error. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0011.
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Early cinema, this chapter argues, struggled to balance the competing claims of moral purpose and entertainment where the legacy of Roman error was concerned. At the same time, cinema also sought to redefine and outperform other modes of classical reception (such as theatre, opera, painting, and the novel). Through a close examination of the French film Héliogabale, ou l’orgie romaine (Elagabalus, or the Roman Orgy), this chapter reveals how this dynamic plays out in the case of the boy-ruler viewed by tradition as the worst of Roman emperors. While the film’s concluding punishment of the emperor by a virile praetorian guard evokes contemporary French discourses of regeneration out of national decline, The Roman Orgy also displays an internal conflict in lingering pleasurably over Elagabalus’s transgressions. In this, its central character becomes device for cinematic mise-en-abyme, a technique that reflects the broader cultural debate over cinema in France.
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Colloff, Matthew J. Dust Mites. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100497.
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Dust mites are present in almost every home – in our beds, clothing and carpets. Conservatively, at least 100 million people are affected by house dust mite allergy worldwide, manifesting itself as asthma, rhinitis or atopic dermatitis. Despite the growing recognition of this major public health problem, there is still no simple, effective, generally applicable strategy for dust mite control.
Dust Mites incorporates for the first time in a single volume the topics of systematics and identification, physiology, ecology, allergen biochemistry and molecular biology, epidemiology, mite control and allergen avoidance. It explains key biological and ecological concepts for non-specialist readers, discusses ecological research methods and includes identification keys to dust mite species and life-cycle stage. It also explores how characteristics of population growth, water balance and physiology of dust mites have contributed to their importance as allergenic organisms.
Many chapters contain new data, or new analyses of existing data, including global distribution maps of the most important species. Importantly, the book emphasises that studies of the biology and ecology of house dust mites should be regarded within the context of allergic disease rather than as ends in themselves, and that approaches to mite control in clinical management are subject to the same series of ecological rules as any other major problem in pest management.
This comprehensive reference is essential reading for anyone involved or interested in house dust mite research and management.
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Smith, Matthew Wilson. The Prison House of Nerves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644086.003.0007.
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Zola’s 1873 stage adaptation of his novel Thérèse Raquin is generally considered the first Naturalist drama, which inspired the most famous Naturalist play, Strindberg’s Miss Julie. This chapter examines these plays in the context of the neurophysiological theories behind Zola and Strindberg’s conceptions of Naturalism. It argues that Zola’s Naturalism, like that of his scientific mentor Claude Bernard, attempts to balance a commitment to neurophysiological determinism with a commitment to independent scientific observation, producing an uneasy fault line in Thérèse Raquin. The chapter further depicts Miss Julie as an earthquake in the rift of Zola’s earlier Naturalism. Strindberg’s artistic innovations are partly grounded in the author’s refusal to reconcile the most disruptive neurological findings of his time with more acceptable ideas of objectivity, independence, and agency. Fully appreciating Strindberg’s artistic contribution requires understanding his intellectual debt to the neuropsychological researchers of his day, above all Charcot and Bernheim.
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Lobell, Steven E. How Should the US Respond to a Rising China? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0017.
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Realist Cold War foreign policy approaches emphasize the importance of aggregate measures and metrics of material and military capabilities in the international system. Realists argue that shifts in capabilities and changes in the distribution of power are dangerous and that aggregate power is fungible. These approaches have been carried forward into the post-Cold War period to forecast trends for a declining United States and a rising China or some combination of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). The chapter accepts the general logic of balance of power and power transition theories or aggregate power realism (APR) that shifts in capabilities and changes in power are dangerous.1 However, these approaches miss how state leaders assess power trends, the fungibility or usefulness of material capabilities, and that states rarely balance against concentrations of power. This chapter advances components of power theory that recast APR approaches.
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Collins, Richard. Sources and the Legitimate Authority of International Law. Herausgegeben von Samantha Besson und Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0034.
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This chapter is concerned with international law’s claim to legitimate authority and the role played by the doctrine of sources in meeting this claim. It argues that the kind of formal assessment of legality inherent in sources doctrine expresses a specific view of the legitimate authority of international law. Here, the chapter tries to defuse two misleading lines of attack: one based on the vagaries of the processes of customary law formation and ascertainment and the other based upon the exhaustiveness of sources doctrine as traditionally conceived. As this chapter shows, both criticisms miss their target by overplaying what is at stake in this view of international law’s legitimate authority. Whilst the chapter therefore defends this ‘doctrinal’ view, it nonetheless shows how a broader theory of the legitimacy of international law will necessarily have to balance content-dependent and content-independent normative evaluation.
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Heinmaa, Thijs, Peter Wolf, Lisa-Marie Dalke und Marilyn Neven. Winning Elections the Right Way: Online Political Advertising Rules in Europe and Selected Countries Globally. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2023.77.
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As political campaigning in the lead-up to elections has moved online, parties and candidates have found new and innovative methods for connecting with voters. However, new challenges have multiplied, with the regulation and oversight authorities struggling to keep up. Campaign communications are increasingly opaque online, thus enabling harmful mis- and disinformation to influence electoral narratives. Moreover, it is harder to track the funding used for ads, and these communications may be targeted at voters on the basis of their personal data without their knowledge or consent. The main objective of this Report is to support legislators, oversight bodies and other regulators in developing rules for the regulation and oversight of online political advertising. It addresses questions including how to build on existing campaign regulation and what kind of unexpected consequences and challenges may occur; how to strike the right balance between regulation and protecting fundamental freedoms; how soft-law tools such as codes of conduct can help to increase campaign integrity and where they fall short; what an effective oversight institution looks like and how it is coordinated; and what sanctions can help to ensure effective enforcement.
Buchteile zum Thema "Mise en balance"
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Thuring, J. W. G. M., und E. Schönbaum. „Hypothermia and Social Behaviour in Mice“. In Thermal Balance in Health and Disease, 497–501. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7429-8_71.
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Hursting, Stephen D., Emily L. Rossi, Laura W. Bowers und Laura M. Lashinger. „Energy Balance, IGF-1, and Cancer: Causal Lessons from Genetically Engineered Mice“. In Energy Balance and Cancer, 117–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16733-6_6.
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Fletcher, Peri L. „Land, Livestock, and Remittances: Changing the Balance“. In La Casa de Mis Sueños, 84–108. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429039911-4.
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Grobe, Justin L. „Comprehensive Assessments of Energy Balance in Mice“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 123–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7030-8_10.
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Kronfeld, N., N. Zisapel und A. Haim. „Diurnal Variations in Response of Golden Spiny Mice (Acomys Russatus) to Noradrenaline Injection“. In Thermal Balance in Health and Disease, 185–89. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7429-8_25.
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Talan, M. I., und S. A. Kirov. „Sympathetic Outflow to Brown Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Heat Production in Adult, Aged, and Cold-Acclimated Adult Mice“. In Thermal Balance in Health and Disease, 109–14. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7429-8_14.
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Appleyard, Edward C., und David W. Blowes. „Applications of Mass-Balance Calculations to Weathered Sulfide Mine Tailings“. In ACS Symposium Series, 516–34. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0550.ch031.
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Rubio, William Bernard, Marissa D. Cortopassi und Alexander S. Banks. „Indirect Calorimetry to Assess Energy Balance in Mice: Measurement and Data Analysis“. In Thermogenic Fat, 103–15. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_9.
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van Rensburg, H. Janse, R. A. Bush und G. J. van Tonder. „Recommendations for the Dewatering of Letlhakane Diamond Mine (Botswana) Utilizing Water Balance, Modelling and Optimization Techniques“. In Computational Methods in Water Resources X, 867–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9204-3_105.
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Daniyan, Ilesanmi, Khumbulani Mpofu, Bankole Oladapo und Rufus Ajetomobi. „Modelling and Simulation of Automated Hydraulic Press Brake“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 64–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_7.
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AbstractIn this study, a reconfigurable hydraulic press brake was designed using Solidworks and simulated on a hydraulic Automation Studio Fluidsim. The designed press brake comprises of the frame balance, conveyor rollers and support, belt, chuck, six hydraulic cylinders assembled with bolts and nuts. The buckling force was determined analytically and compared with the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation to prevent distortion of length and section. The Von mises stress theory was used to determine the stress, resultant load and displacement. The results obtained from the FEA simulation were compared with the mechanical properties of the hydraulic press brake. The maximum stress induced is significantly lower than the tensile strength of the hydraulic press brake. Hence, the stress induced due to bending cannot cause the cast alloy to yield. Also, the buckling force significantly exceeds the resultant force giving no chances for buckling. The designed hydraulic press brake is flexible enough to control using hydraulic cylinders and enhances sufficient strength and rigidity during clamping and loading conditions.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Mise en balance"
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Krupovic, Larysa. „WORK-LIFE BALANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE LABOR LAW OF UKRAINE“. In Perspectives et mise en oeuvre de l'innovation dans le domaine scientifique. Plateforme scientifique européenne, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/20.09.2019.v2.06.
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Mulhern, Edward. „The Future of the Mass Artifact in the New SI“. In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.10.
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As the International System of Units continues the transformation from a system based on fundamental units to one based on fundamental constants the question is often asked: what will happen to the artifacts that once served as the cornerstone of the realization process? In the case of the kilogram, it is a common misconception that the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) and its copies will have little more than historical value as the kilogram takes on its new definition based on the Planck Constant. The truth of the matter is, stable artifacts will be just as important in the new realization and dissemination of mass. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), artifacts will play an integral role in the mise en pratique, or practical method, for the realization and dissemination of the new mass standards. The kilogram will be realized in the NIST-4 Watt Balance, where the power generated by moving a mass artifact through a gravitational field will be balanced by an electrical power involving quantum standards. From there, it is the artifact that will be transferred under vacuum, via a custom mass transport vehicle, to either a vacuum balance for sorption studies or the NIST Magnetic Suspension Mass Comparator for a direct calibration of another artifact in air. Following this, the artifacts will be housed in either vacuum or air environments, comprising the pool of standards from which mass is disseminated to customers. To prepare for this new system of mass, the Mass and Force Group has taken exquisite care to control the conditions that these artifacts will be exposed to. Identical chambers have been designed and fabricated to provide two separate environments for mass artifact storage. One chamber will be kept under vacuum and the other will contain filtered lab air at nominally atmospheric conditions. In this paper the design, fabrication and assembly of the chambers will be detailed. The mass transfer and handling processes employed by the Mass and Force groups will be explained. Finally, the overall impact of the redefinition on the artifact-based mass system will be discussed.
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Fraser, Colin, Alan Martin und Thomas Pedersen. „Climate-scaled water balance development for mine closure planning“. In Sixth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1152_104_fraser.
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Rohde, Timothy, Pascal Defferard und Matthew Lord. „Store and release cover water balance for the south waste rock dump at Century mine“. In Mine Closure 2016. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1608_0.6_rohde.
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Miskolczi, Iozsef, Guosheng Zhan und Jason Keller. „A novel modeling approach coupling post-closure tailings storage facilities draindown and water balance simulations“. In Mine Closure 2023: 16th International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2315_063.
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Carlino, Amy, und Cherie McCullough. „Modelling the long-term water balance of a pit lake with recreational end uses“. In 13th International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1915_110_carlino.
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Chapman, Peter, David Williams, Timothy Rohde und S. Ennor. „Understanding the Water Balance of Potentially Acid Forming Tailings Deposited in a Dry Climate“. In Third International Seminar on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/852_45.
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Marciniak-Kowalska, Jolanta. „RECLAMATION OF SULFUR MINE EXCAVATION PRESERVING ECOLOGICAL BALANCE“. In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b52/s20.073.
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Kuo, Chin-Hsing, und Shao-Jung Lai. „Design of a Novel Statically Balanced Mechanism for Laparoscope Holders With Decoupled Positioning and Orientating Manipulation“. In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34711.
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This paper presents a novel mechanism concept of laparoscope holders used for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The mechanism is made of a parallelogram linkage and a parallel mechanism, which respectively serve as a robotic positioning arm and an orientating wrist of the holder. Due to its special geometry, the mechanism possesses several interesting kinematic properties. First, the laparoscope, which is held by the end-effector, can illustrate a remote center-of-motion (RCM) kinematics at the surgical incision point. Second, the position of the RCM point is solely defined by the parallelogram, whereas the orientation and insertion length of the laparoscope are governed by the parallel mechanism. Such an arrangement suggests a decoupled positioning and orientating manipulation for the holder, which is clinically helpful in laparoscopic MIS. Third, the overall mechanism including the parallelogram linkage and the parallel mechanism can be perfectly statically balanced at any configuration within the workspaces by using common linear springs. In other words, no electrical actuation or mechanical locks are required for making the laparoscope rest at any position and orientation. The design procedure for static balancing is detailed in the paper, and the theoretically perfect static balance of the mechanism is verified by a numerical example and computer simulation. Furthermore, a CAD model of the holder is constructed for evaluating its workspaces and a physical prototype is built up and tested. As a result, the prototyped holder is fully statically balanced within a sufficient workspace for practical MIS environment.
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Coughlin, Thomas R., Matthew Haugh, Muriel Voisin, Evelyn Birmingham, Laoise M. McNamara und Glen L. Niebur. „Primary Cilia Knockdown Reduces the Number of Stromal Cells in Three Dimensional Ex Vivo Culture“. In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14723.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that reside in the bone marrow and differentiate into connective cell lines, such as adipocytes and osteoblasts [1]. An appropriate balance of MSC differentiation toward adipocytes and osteoblasts is vital to bone homeostasis [6]. In vitro work demonstrates that differentiation of MSCs is influenced by mechanical stimuli [2, 3]. In a mouse model, the ratio of adipocytes to MSCs in the marrow was 19% lower compared to controls following treatment by low magnitude mechanical signals (LMMS) [4]. In mice, LMMS increased MSC number by 46% and the differentiation capacity of MSCs was biased towards osteoblastic compared to adipogenic differentiation [5]. Thus, mechanobiological stimuli may play an important role in maintaining balanced MSC differentiation.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Mise en balance"
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Rodriguez-Novoa, Daniela, Camilo Eduardo Sánchez und Ana Sofía Zapata. Informe especial de estabilidad financiera: riesgo de mercado - Primer semestre de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ries-mer.sem1-2021.
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El propósito del presente informe es analizar el riesgo de mercado teniendo en cuenta la materialización de las condiciones descritas en el Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera 2021-I. Para ello, se mide la transmisión de volatilidad que existe entre los mercados de deuda pública, deuda privada y acciones, de manera que se pueda identificar si un mercado, en determinado momento del tiempo, fue generador o receptor de volatilidad. Posteriormente, se estima el valor en riesgo (VeR) a un día del portafolio en posición propia de los tres mercados, así como los efectos de una posible materialización del riesgo de mercado sobre el balance de las entidades.
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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder und William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, März 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.
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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Schuh, Rachel. Miss-Allocation: The Value of Workplace Gender Composition and Occupational Segregation. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1092.
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I analyze the value workers ascribe to the gender composition of their workplace and the consequences of these valuations for occupational segregation, tipping, and welfare. To elicit these valuations, I survey 9,000 U.S. adults using a hypothetical job choice experiment. This reveals that on average women and men value gender diversity, but these average preferences mask substantial heterogeneity. Older female workers are more likely to value gender homophily. This suggests that gender norms and discrimination, which have declined over time, may help explain some women’s desire for homophily. Using these results, I estimate a structural model of occupation choice to assess the influence of gender composition preferences on gender sorting and welfare. I find that workers’ composition valuations are not large enough to create tipping points, but they do reduce female employment in male-dominated occupations substantially. Reducing segregation could improve welfare: making all occupations evenly gender balanced improves utility as much as a 0.4 percent wage increase for women and a 1 percent wage increase for men, on average.
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She, Ruifeng, und Yanfeng Ouyang. Analysis of Drone-based Last-mile Delivery Systems under Aerial Congestion: A Continuum Approximation Approach. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-014.
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This paper presents a systematic analysis and design framework for a spectrum of last-mile delivery systems that leverage unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Four distinct modes are considered: (1) direct drone deliveries from a fixed depot; (2) drone deliveries from parked trucks that carry bulk parcels to customer neighborhoods; (3) drone deliveries from nonstopping trucks that tour customer neighborhoods; and (4) as a benchmark, traditional truck-based home deliveries. We present a new continuum-approximation approach that is used for analysis of both truck routing and aerial-UAV traffic. We compared the operational cost and efficiency of different delivery schemes to reveal how a certain scheme is the most efficient under various scenarios. We demonstrate the applicability of our model on expansive real-world roadway networks and further conduct analysis on grid networks, yielding key analytical insights. The drone-based delivery is demonstrated to be superior to conventional truck-only delivery, suggesting a significant potential for socioeconomic benefit. It is observed that when servicing a relatively low demand over a small area, dispatching drones directly from the distribution facility is the most efficient method. As the demand grows or spans a wider area, collaborative strategies are preferred, as they better cope with certain aspects, such as the long line-haul cost or the ramping aerial congestion, by striking a balance between efficiency and flexibility.
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Desbarats, A. J., und J. B. Percival. Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331256.
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Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec, Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.
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Campbell, Seth, Zoe Courville, Samantha Sinclair und Joel Wilner. Brine, englacial structure and basal properties near the terminus of McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45303.
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We collected ∼1300 km of ground-penetrating radar profiles over McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using frequencies between 40 and 400 MHz to determine extent, continuity and depth to the brine. We also used profiles to determine meteoric ice thickness and locate englacial features, which may suggest ice shelf instability. The brine extends 9–13 km inland from the ice shelf terminus and covers the entire region between Ross, White and Black Islands. Jump unconformities and basal fractures exist in the brine and ice shelf, respectively, suggesting prior fracturing and re-suturing. One 100 MHz profile, the most distal from the ice shelf edge while still being situated over the brine, simultaneously imaged the brine and bottom of meteoric ice. This suggests a negative brine salinity gradient moving away from the terminus. The meteoric ice bottom was also imaged in a few select locations through blue ice in the ablation zone near Black Island. We suggest that brine, sediment-rich ice and poor antenna coupling on rough ice attenuates the signal in this area. When combined with other recent mass-balance and structural glaciology studies of MIS, our results could contribute to one of the most high-resolution physical models of an ice shelf in Antarctica.
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Willson. L51709 Development-Test Electronic Gas Admission for Large Bore Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010114.
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The pipeline industry uses over 8,000 large bore engines in gas transmission/compression service". These engines are typically gas fueled and spark ignited. Some early versions of the engines are piston scavenged, but most are turbocharged. Some models, especially those equipped for lean burn operation, utilize pre-combustion chambers for enhanced ignition. Typically, the gaseous fuel is admitted directly into the top of the engine combustion chamber by a cam-operated, mechanical gas admission valve (MGAV). The MGAV is operated by an engine driven cam, cam follower, push rod, and rocker assembly. Such mechanisms offer little in the way of adjustability of the gas admission event: the ability to change the start of gas admission (SOA) and end of gas admission (EOA). The gas admission system is generally optimized for a particular mode of engine operation, typically rated speed and full load, and is fixed in that state. Desired changes in the gas admission cycle are not easily accomplished. At the same time, however, undesired changes commonly occur due to wear, failure, and mis-adjustment of the MGAV drive train. This report documents the development of a natural gas-fueled large-bore engine test bed (LBET) at Colorado State University and the subsequent test of an electronic gas admissions valve (EGAV) with in-cylinder pressure feedback. The LBET is now a state-of-the-art natural gas-fueled test facility. It will be open for use in late 1994 or early 1995 to all parties interested in testing equipment that might lead to safer, more economical and cleaner burning gas fueled engines. The EGAV tests were successful. The valve allows for precise control of fuel admission and end of admission timing. This results in the engine running in a real-time balance condition. Laboratory tests showed a 30% reduction of hydrocarbons and nitrous oxides reductions with a 2% reduction in fuel consumption. Field testing will continue in 1995 prior to commercialization.
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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.
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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring the rocky intertidal communities at the islands since 1982. Sites were established between 1982 and 1998. Site selection considered visitation, accessibility, presence of representative organisms, wildlife disturbance, and safety. This report summarizes the 2018–2019 sampling year efforts (from November 2018 to April 2019) and findings of the Channel Islands National Park Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring Program. Specific monitoring objectives are 1) to determine the long-term trends in percent cover of key sessile organisms in the rocky intertidal ecosystem, and 2) to determine population dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), owl limpets (Lottia gigantea), and ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus). Objectives were met by monitoring percent cover of core species in target intertidal zones using photoplots and transects, and by measuring size frequency and abundance of black abalone, owl limpets, and sea stars using fixed plots or timed searches. Twelve key species or assemblages, as well as the substrate, tar, have been monitored twice per year at 21 sites on the five park islands as part of the rocky intertidal community monitoring program. Fixed photoplots were used to monitor the percent cover of thatched and acorn barnacles (Tetraclita rubescens, Balanus glandula/Chthamalus spp., respectively), mussels (Mytilus californianus), rockweeds (Silvetia compressa, and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), turfweed (Endocladia muricata), goose barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) and tar. Point-intercept transects were used to determine the percent cover of surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.). Information about size distribution (i.e., “size frequency” data) was collected for owl limpets in circular plots. Size distribution and relative abundance of black abalone and ochre sea stars were determined using timed searches. The maximum number of shorebirds and pinnipeds seen at one time were counted at each site. The number of concession boat visitors to the Anacapa tidepools was collected and reported. All sites were monitored in 2018–2019. This was the third year that we officially reduced our sampling interval from twice per year (spring and fall) to once in order to streamline the program and allow for the implementation of additional protocols. Weather conditions during the site visits were satisfactory, but high wind coupled with strong swell and surge limited or prevented the completion of some of the abalone and sea star searches. The percent cover for most key species or assemblages targeted in the photoplots was highly variable among sites. Mussel (Mytilus californianus) cover remained below average at Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands. Record or near record low abundances for Mytilus were measured at Middle West Anacapa (Anacapa Island), Harris Point (San Miguel Island), Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), and Sea Lion Rookery (Santa Barbara Island) sites. The only site that appeared to have above average Mytilus cover was Scorpion Rock on Santa Cruz Island. All other sites had mussel cover near or below the long-term mean. Qualitatively, Mytilus recruitment appeared low at most sites. Both rockweed species, Silvetia compressa and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), continued to decrease markedly in abundance this year at the majority of sites compared to combined averages for previous years. Fossil Reef and Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Sea Lion Rookery on Santa Barbara Island, and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island were the only sites that supported Silvetia cover that was near the long-term mean. No sites exhibited above average cover of rockweed. Extremely high levels of recruitment for Silvetia and Pelvetiopsis were documented at many sites. Most sites exhibited marked declines in S. compressa abundances beginning in the early 2000s, with little recovery observed for the rockweed through this year. Barnacle (Chthamalus/Balanus spp.) cover fell below the long-term means at all islands except Anacapa, where barnacle cover was slightly above average. Endocladia muricata abundances remained comparable to the grand mean calculated for previous years at Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, while cover of the alga decreased slightly below the long-term means at Anacapa and San Miguel Islands. Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) abundances at the islands remain less than one percent of 1985 population levels. Zero abalone were found throughout the entire site at Landing Cove on Santa Barbara Island and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island. Above average abundances relative to the long-term mean generated from post-1995 data were observed at all but five sites. Juvenile black abalone were seen at all islands except Santa Barbara. Ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) populations crashed in 2014 at all monitoring sites due to Sea Star Wasting Syndrome, an illness characterized by a suite of symptoms that generally result in death. The mortality event was widely considered to be the largest mortality event for marine diseases ever seen. Beginning in June 2013, the disease swiftly and significantly impacted P. ochraceus (among other species of sea stars) populations along the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. By the beginning of 2014, P. ochraceus abundances had declined by >95% at nearly all Channel Islands long-term intertidal monitoring sites, in addition to numerous other locations along the West Coast. At various times during the past decade, extremely high abundances (~ 500 P. ochraceus) have been observed at multiple sites, and most locations have supported >100 sea stars counted during 30-minute site-wide searches. This year, abundances ranged 0–13 individuals per site with all but one site having fewer than 10 P. ochraceus seen during routine searches. Insufficient numbers of sea stars were seen to accurately estimate the size structure of P. ochraceus populations. Only two juveniles (i.e., <50 mm) were observed at all sites combined. Giant owl limpet densities in 2018–2019 were comparable or slightly above the long-term mean at seven sites. Exceptionally high densities were measured at Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Otter Harbor on San Miguel Island, and Willows Anchorage on Santa Cruz Island. The sizes of L. gigantea this year varied among sites and islands. The smallest L. gigantea were observed at Otter Harbor followed closely by Willows Anchorage and Anacapa Middle West, and the largest were seen at Northwest-Talcott. Temporally, the mean sizes of L. gigantea in 2018–2019 decreased below the long-term mean at each island except Anacapa. Surfgrasses (Phyllospadix spp.) are typically monitored biannually at two sites each on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Beginning in 2015, all transects at each of the monitoring sites were only sampled once per year. At East Point on Santa Rosa Island, the conditions were not conducive to sampling the surfgrass transects, but qualitatively, percent cover of surfgrass appeared to be near 100% on all three transects. Relative to past years, cover of surfgrass increased above the long-term mean at Fraser Cove on Santa Cruz Island, fell slightly below the mean at Trailer on Santa Cruz Island, and remained approximately equivalent to the mean at the two Santa Rosa Island sites. Overall, the abundance and diversity of shorebirds in 2018–2019 at all sites appeared similar to observations made in recent years, with the exception of elevated numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) observed at East Point on Santa Rosa Island. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were the most ubiquitous shorebird seen at all sites. Black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala) were not common relative to past years. Pinniped abundances remained comparable in 2018–2019 to historical counts for all three species that are commonly seen at the islands. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were seen in the vicinity of eight sites this year. As in past years, harbor seals were most abundant at Otter Harbor and Harris Point on San Miguel Island. Elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were seen at six sites during the year, where abundances ranged 1–5 individuals per location. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were common at Santa Barbara Island; 117 individuals were observed at Sea Lion Rookery. Sea lion abundances were higher than usual at Harris Point (N = 160) and Otter Harbor (N = 82) on San Miguel Island. Relative to past years, abundances this year were considered average at other locations.