Thematische Bibliographien / Minimum pipe wall thickness

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Minimum pipe wall thickness“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 17. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Minimum pipe wall thickness"

Orlov, G. A., V. V. Kotov und A. G. Orlov. „ANALYSIS OF THE WALL THICKNESS VARIATION OF PIPES UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE“. Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, Nr. 6 (28.07.2018): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-6-494-495.

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A computer simulation of the internal pressure expanding was performed for pipes with uneven wall thickness made of steel, aluminum and titanium alloys. For this simulation software tool ESI Virtual-Performance 2016.0 was used that implements the finite element method. The convergence and accuracy of the solution was estimated by comparison with known solutions. A full factorial computational experiment was performed by varying factors: the initial wall thickness variation of pipes, D/S and parameter of alloys hardening. The regression equations were obtained by the internal pressure at the time of destruction and final wall thickness variation from these factors. It was found that the variation in wall thickness in the distribution pipe rupture occurs in the thin wall. A wall with minimum thickness continues thinning with an almost constant maximum wall thickness, which leads to an increase in the transverse variation in wall thickness. It was concluded that the increase of the initial variation in wall thickness pipe speeds up the process of rupture in the area of thin wall. It is recommended in conduits conducting high-pressure fluid to apply pipes with minimal variation in wall thickness.

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Liu, Heng, Yu Qing Xiong und Ji Zhou Wang. „Kinetics Study of Aluminum Deposition on Inner Wall of Pipes by Atomic Layer Deposition“. Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (Februar 2012): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.627.

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In this paper, feasibility of aluminium deposition on inner wall of pipes by atomic layer deposition was studied. Firstly, by solving kinetics equation of gas adsorption on the pipe inner wall, the time for the reactant to reach saturated adsorption on the wall was calculated. Secondly, according to the aluminium crystal structure, the thickness of each deposition cycle was obtained. Finally, the minimum aluminium thickness and number of atomic layer deposition cycles that can meet electromagnetic requirement of wave guide was calculated.

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Zirakashvili, Natela. „Applied Systems Theory: Mathematical and Numerical Simulation of Strength of Thick-wall Pipe by Using Static Elastic Problems“. International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (06.09.2021): 1346–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.145.

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In Systems Theory, the Mathematical and numerical simulation of strength of thick-wall pipe by using static elastic problems is an important problem and has attracted the attention of many researches, academicians and practitioners. the The present work studies the change in the strength of a quite long isotropic thick-wall pipe (circular cylinder) for the varying pipe diameter, wall thickness and material. The pipe is in the plane deformed state, i.e. plane deformation is considered. Based on the problems of statics of the theory of elasticity, a mathematical model to calculate the strength of the thick-wall pipe was developed and the problems of statics of the theory of elasticity were set and solved analytically in the polar coordinate system. The analytical solution was obtained by the method of separation of variables, which is presented by two harmonious functions. The dependence of the pipe strength on the thickness and material of the pipe wall, when (a) normal stress is applied to the internal boundary (internal pressure) and external boundary is free from stresses and (b) normal stress is applied to the external boundary (external pressure) and the internal boundary is free from stresses, is studied. In particular, the minimum thicknesses of the walls of homogeneous isotropic circular cylinders of different materials and diameters with a plane deformed mode when the pressures in the cylinders do not exceed the admissible values were identified. Some numerical results are presented as tables, graphs and relevant consideration.

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Štafura, Andrej, Katarína Tuhárska, Štefan Nagy und Anna Danihelová. „INFLUENCE OF THE THICKNESS OF THE BACK WALL OF A WOODEN ORGAN PIPE AND THE AIR PRESSURE IN THE WIND CHEST ON ITS SOUND PROPERTIES“. Akustika, VOLUME 37 (15.12.2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20203786.

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The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of the back wall thickness of an organ pipe made of resonant spruce wood and the air pressure in the wind chest on its frequency spectrum. A wooden organ pipe with a replaceable back wall was used in the experiment. The wooden plate used for the back wall had an initial thickness of 7 mm. The plate was gradually thinned in 1 mm decrements to a thickness of 1 mm. For each plate thickness, the frequency spectrum was scanned at four different air pressures, namely 588 Pa, 716 Pa, 814 Pa and 941 Pa. The results of the experiment showed that at a given back wall thickness, the fundamental tone frequency increases with increasing air pressure. The decrease in the back wall thickness was manifested by a decrease in the fundamental frequency. At an air pressure of 716 Pa, the intensity of the fundamental as well as the second harmonic component of the pipe acoustic spectrum increased slightly at all wall thicknesses. With increasing air pressure, the intensity of higher harmonic frequencies also increased. The decrease in the back wall thickness of the wooden organ pipe had only a minimal effect on the intensity of the individual harmonic components of the frequency spectrum. Changing the thickness of the back wall of a wooden organ pipe will not significantly affect its final sound.

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Zhao, Shixiang, und Yulia Pronina. „On the stress state of a pressurised pipe with an initial thickness variation, subjected to non-homogeneous internal corrosion“. E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912101013.

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The paper concerns 2D problem of an elastic thick-walled pipe with an initial thickness variation, subjected to internal pressure and mechanochemical corrosion. The inner perimeter of the pipe cross-section is elliptical, while the outer is circular. The linear Dolinskii corrosion kinetics model is used. In the general case, structural instability of initial boundary value problems with unknown evolving boundaries can cause the divergence of numerical procedures when modelling the processes under study. It is observed that the attempts to circumvent the divergence of numerical procedure can suppress the manifestation of mechanochemical effect and yield inaccurate results. Thus, it is necessary to find a compromise between competing computational processes. Calculations revealed that the variation of the initial pipe wall thickness within the acceptable pipe wall tolerance can noticeably accelerate the growth of stresses and, consequently, reduce the durability of the pipe. The applicability of analytical solutions for a perfect circular pipe with a reduced thickness, equal to the minimum thickness of the imperfect pipe, to the case under study is also discussed.

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Kosmatskii, Ya I., K. Yu Yakovleva, N. V. Fokin, V. D. Nikolenko und B. V. Barichko. „Application of physical simulation at study of pipe production processes“. Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, Nr. 3 (28.03.2021): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-3-320-326.

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Physical experiments allow to obtain maximum information on a studied process at minimal cost, ensuring its higher accuracy comparing with data, obtained by mathematical simulation and avoiding risks, which can occur at industrial testing of new technological modes. Results of studies of deformation in the process of pipes production by extrusion presented. The studies were accomplished at laboratory test units, developed by specialists of the laboratory of drawing and extrusion of JSC “RusNITI”. One of the basic problems at pipes production by extrusion is ensuring minimal possible wall non-uniform thickness. It was noted that the relation between plunger die moving speeds during sleeve pressing-out and immediate pipe extrusion has a significant effect on pipe wall non-uniform thickness. Computer simulation of the pipe extrusion process, accomplished by application QForm program shown that minimal values of wall non-uniform thickness corresponded to relation abovementioned speeds as 0.5–0.8. To check the data, a physical simulation of extrusion process of lead cylinder samples, having outside diameter of 18.94 mm and wall thickness 5.19–5.32 mm was accomplished. For the extrusion, a universal servohydraulic system of dynamic test Shimadzu Servopulser was used. Within the physical experiment a dependence was established between pipe wall non-uniform thickness on relation between speeds of pressing-out and extrusion. The revealed regularity was confirmed during pilot production of a pipe lot at the 55 MN force extrusion line. Another physical simulation of extrusion of 10.0×2.0 mm pipe-samples made of C1 grade lead was accomplished with one- and twothread helical ribbing of internal surface. For its accomplishment an experimental module was designed and manufactured. It was established that rotation speed of the extrusion mandrel had no significant effect on extrusion force. Metallographic studies shown that the extrusion mandrel rotation speed contributes to considerable increase of pipes surface hardness and obtaining finer grain comparing with the classic extrusion method. The technical ability of pipes production with internal helical ribbing by hot extrusion method was confirmed. The results of the study became a base for elaboration of a technology of pipes production at Volzhsky pipe plant according to ТУ 14-3Р-157–2018 “Steel seamless hot-extruded pipes with helical ribbing of internal surface for steam boilers”. Results of physical simulation of pipe drawing process at self-adjusting mandrel with application of lubricant materials of various viscosity. The data obtained were used for elaboration of a technology for production of cold-deformed pipes with internal diameter of 6.0–12.0 mm at Sinarsky pipe plant.

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Xu, Zhi Qian, Xiang Zhen Yan und Xiu Juan Yang. „Sealing Structure Design and Analysis of Non-API Pipe Connection“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (Oktober 2010): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.811.

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In this paper, the main design parameters of seal structure for non-API pipe connection are studied. First, as the total contact pressure consists of the radial preload generated by interference fit and the radial pressure caused by gas pressure in pipe, the variation laws of their values changing with the sealing diameter are analyzed. The sealing diameter value which maximizes the total contact pressure can be obtained from the derivation formula for calculating the total contact pressure. Second, considering the yield condition of pipe connection under the internal and the external pressures, the minimum wall thickness of the seal structure is derived. Then the cone angle is calculated by the sealing length and the minimum wall thickness known. Finally, take the 7in casing connection for example, the main design parameters are calculated by the above analysis.

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Zhuang, Yan, Junhao Chen, Jian Zhang, Jianlin Wang und Han Li. „Analysis of the Development Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Freezing Temperature Field in the Cross Passage“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (05.03.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6645139.

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Based on the analysis of the temperature measurement data of the Shanghai Metro Line 15 cross passage freezing project, it was found that the gray silt layer of cross passage No. 2 outperforms that of cross passage No. 1 on the freezing effect, which is mainly attributed to the large loss of cooling capacity in the latter passage. Within the same stratum, the soil temperature at the duct piece is higher than that of the deep soil. When the soil freezes for 45 days, the temperatures of the sandy silt and gray silt layers of the same cross passage drop to −8.25°C and −6.91°C, respectively, indicating that the freezing effect of the sandy silt layer is better than that of the gray silt layer. Moreover, simulations were performed for deviation freezing pipes, nondeviation freezing pipes, and different freezing pipe diameters in the cross passage No. 1, respectively. It was found that the maximum difference of the closure completion time between the deviation and nondeviation freezing pipes is 6 days. Furthermore, for deviation freezing pipes and nondeviation freezing pipes at the center of the cross passage, the minimum difference in the freezing wall thickness reduces from 0.45 mm after 20 days of freezing to 0.06 mm after 45 days of freezing, indicating that the difference in the freezing wall thickness gradually weakens as freezing develops gradually. The deviation freezing pipe increases the spacing of freezing pipes in the deep soil. As the pipe spacing increases, the influence of the pipe diameter on the closure completion time of the freezing wall decreases.

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Rahmansyah, Abdul, Zulfikar Zulfikar und Bobby Umroh. „Manufacture of Water Pipe From Clampshell Powder Materials“. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURES, MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2, Nr. 2 (28.12.2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jmemme.v2i2.2105.

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<h1>In general, household waste water pipelines use plastic pipes of PVC type that are not environmentally friendly and are relatively expensive. Therefore, this research will design molds and manufacture of composite pipes using raw materials of clampshell powder. The raw material used is clampshell powder with the composition of MgO and CaO compounds which is about 22.28% and 66.70%. The mixture of materials used consisted of clampshell powder with a size of 40 mesh, catalyst, and unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix. The objective of this study is manufacture of water pipes made from polymer composites reinforced by clampshell powder. Composite pipe manufacturing is carried out using the casting method. Pipe molds are made of stainless steel with a diameter of 40.46 mm (1.6 in) and an outer diameter of 50.8 mm (2 in). This mold size follows SNI 06-0084-2002 standards. The results of the study, water pipes from polymer composite material reinforced by clampshell powder with an inner diameter size of 40.64 mm and varying outside diameter. This variation depends on the composition of the clampshell powder in composite materials. The greater the clampshell powder composition, the more easily the maximum pipe wall thickness can be obtained. The average wall thickness variation is 3.35 mm. This variation is still included in the polymer water pipe requirements, which is a minimum of 2 mm.</h1>

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Rofooei, Fayaz Rahimzadeh, Himan Hojat Jalali, Nader Khajeh Ahmad Attari, Hadi Kenarangi und Masoud Samadian. „Parametric study of buried steel and high density polyethylene gas pipelines due to oblique-reverse faulting“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, Nr. 3 (März 2015): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0047.

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A numerical study is carried out on buried steel and high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines subjected to oblique-reverse faulting. The components of the oblique-reverse offset along the horizontal and normal directions in the fault plane are determined using well-known empirical equations. The numerical model is validated using the experimental results and detailed finite element model of a 114.3 mm (4″) steel gas pipe subjected to a reverse fault offset up to 0.6 m along the faulting direction. Different parameters such as the pipe material, the burial depth to the pipe diameter ratio (H/D), the pipe diameter to wall thickness ratio (D/t), and the fault–pipe crossing angle are considered and their effects on the response parameters are discussed. The maximum and minimum compressive strains are observed at crossing angles of 30° and 90°, respectively. It is found that the dimensionless parameters alone are not sufficient for comparison purposes. Comparing steel and HDPE pipes, it is observed that HDPE pipes show larger compressive strains due to their lower strength and stiffness. For both steel and HDPE pipes, peak strains increase with increasing D/t and H/D ratio for a constant pipe diameter and fault offset. For a given H/D ratio, compressive strains increase with increasing D/t ratio in HDPE pipes, while in steel pipes considered in this study, this effect is negligible. Finally, the peak strains of the pipes are compared to those suggested by Canadian Standard Association for Oil and Gas Pipeline System, CSA Z662.

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Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Minimum pipe wall thickness"

Ošťádal, Michal. „Návrh čerpadla a potrubní trasy pro zajištění vyšší bezpečnosti jaderné elektrárny“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443200.

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The main goal of the diploma thesis is to design the hydraulic part of the new piping system, which is added to the existing project of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant. At the beginning of the work is theoretical basis for the design of the hydraulic part. The next part is the selection of piping material for aggressive refrigerant with subsequent verification of the pipe wall thickness. The piping system is designed with specific components from the companies SIGMA GROUP a.s., ARAKO spol. s.r.o. and ARMATURY Group a.s. In the last part, hydraulic solution is developed and commented using the excel program. The piping system is processed into the drawing documentation including bill of materials.

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Vostrouhov, M. P., und М. П. Востроухов. „Разработка усовершенствованных приемов снижения концевой разностенности труб в редукционном стане : магистерская диссертация“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/28106.

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The problem of the formation of the beaded pipe ends by reduction described in this work. Patent and literature review ways to reduce the longitudinal varying wall thickness is made. Technology for the production of pipes for pipe-rolling plant is shown. An improved method for calculating changes in wall thickness of the pipe in the reducing mill developed. Mode calculation thinning ends of the pipe before the reducing mill is made.
В данной работе описана проблема образования утолщенных концов труб при редуцировании. Выполнен патентно-литературный обзор способов снижения продольной разностенности при редуцировании труб. Приведена технология производства труб на ТПА-80. Разработана усовершенствованная методика расчета изменения толщины стенки трубы в редукционном стане. Выполнен расчет режима утонения концов труб перед редукционным станом.

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Bücher zum Thema "Minimum pipe wall thickness"

Becht, IV, Charles. Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.883792.

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Fully updated for the 2020 Edition of the ASME B31.3 Code, this fourth edition provides background information, historical perspective, and expert commentary on the ASME B31.3 Code requirements for process piping design and construction. It provides the most complete coverage of the Code that is available today and is packed with additional information useful to those responsible for the design and mechanical integrity of process piping. The author and the primary contributor to the fourth edition, Don Frikken are a long-serving members, and Prior Chairmen, of the ASME B31.3, Process Piping Code committee. Dr. Becht explains the principal intentions of the Code, covering the content of each of the Code's chapters. Book inserts cover special topics such as calculation of refractory lined pipe wall temperature, spring design, design for vibration, welding processes, bonding processes and expansion joint pressure thrust. Appendices in the book include useful information for pressure design and flexibility analysis as well as guidelines for computer flexibility analysis and design of piping systems with expansion joints. From the new designer wanting to known how to size a pipe wall thickness or design a spring to the expert piping engineer wanting to understand some nuance or intent of the code, everyone whose career involves process piping will find this to be a valuable reference.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Minimum pipe wall thickness"

Billson, D. R., C. Edwards, M. S. Rohani und S. B. Palmer. „Wall Thickness Measurements in Hot Steel Pipe Using Non-Contact Ultrasound“. In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 2281–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0383-1_299.

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Kawabata, Daisuke, Hirotaka Kamiyama, Shinichi Nishida und Hisaki Watari. „FEM analysis of pipe reduction forming process for increasing of wall thickness“. In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 2503–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_310.

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Kawabata, Daisuke, Hirotaka Kamiyama, Shinichi Nishida und Hisaki Watari. „FEM analysis of pipe reduction forming process for increasing of wall thickness“. In PRICM, 2503–7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch310.

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Becht, Charles. „Leak Testing“. In Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition, 143–47. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.883792_ch14.

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While the exercise of pressurizing a piping system and checking for leaks is sometimes called pressure testing, the Code refers to it as leak testing. The main purpose of the test is to demonstrate that the piping can confine fluid without leaking. When the piping is leak tested at pressures above the design pressure, the test also demonstrates that the piping is strong enough to withstand the pressure. For large bore piping where the pipe wall thickness is close to the minimum required by the Code, being strong enough to withstand the pressure is an important test. For small bore piping that typically has a significant amount of extra pipe wall thickness, being strong enough is not in question. Making sure that the piping is leak free is important for all piping systems.

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Menon, E. Shashi. „Pipe Strength and Wall Thickness“. In Pipeline Planning and Construction Field Manual, 105–21. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-383867-4.00007-4.

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„Non-destructive measurement of oil pipe wall thickness“. In Construction for a Sustainable Environment, 482–87. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203856918-58.

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Becht, Charles. „Design for Sustained and Occasional Loads“. In Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition, 59–64. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.883792_ch6.

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The wall thickness of pipe is nearly always selected based on the thickness required for internal pressure and allowances. The piping is then supported sufficiently such that the longitudinal stress (the stress in the axial direction of the pipe) is within Code limits and deflection is w ithin acceptable limits.

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Kamiyama, H., S. Nishida, R. Kurihara und M. Fujita. „Die forming of hollow pipe for wall thickness increasing and FEM analysis“. In Advanced Materials and Structural Engineering, 825–27. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b20958-169.

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Sun, Shanshan, Deqianga Zhou, Noritaka Yusa und Haicheng Song. „An Eddy Current Method to Evaluate Local Wall Thinning of Carbon Steel Pipe“. In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200005.

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This paper proposes to evaluate the local wall thinning of carbon steel pipe using an eddy current method. Firstly, the feature signals are determined by correlation analysis of the signals and the wall thinning sizes. Subsequently, the models for estimating the residual wall thickness rt is constructed using Gaussian process regression (GPR). Finally, the applicability of the models to the evaluation of local wall thinning is verified by simulation and experiment.

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Becht, Charles. „Design Conditions and Criteria“. In Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition, 17–30. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.883792_ch3.

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Design conditions in ASME B31.3 are specifically intended for pressure design. The design pressure and temperature are the most severe coincident conditions, defined as the conditions that result in the greatest pipe wall thickness or highest required pressure class or other component rating. Design conditions are not intended to be a combination of the highest potential pressure and the highest potential temperature, unless such conditions occur at the same time.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Minimum pipe wall thickness"

Brown, George, Tomasz Tkaczyk und Brett Howard. „Reliability Based Assessment of Minimum Reelable Wall Thickness for Reeling“. In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0733.

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The traditional calculation of minimum reelable wall thickness assumes that there is no variation in pipe properties, and that the curvature increases to a maximum on the reel. When a designer checks that a pipe will not buckle during reeling, the designer is usually checking that the curvature at which the peak plastic moment occurs is less than the vessel reel curvature. Design codes specify appropriate safety factors to ensure this requirement is met, where the curvature at which the peak plastic moment occurs is based upon the testing of pipes under pure moment loading. However, it is known that mismatches between adjacent pipe ends at a weld can cause high localised curvatures in excess of the reel curvature and in extreme cases buckling can occur. This paper examines the pipe behaviour during reeling when strength mismatches are present between adjacent pipes at a weld. It shows that the traditional, and currently used, method of calculating the minimum reelable wall thickness does not consider the maximum bending strain during the actual reeling process. The method does however consider a broadly equivalent process and it is shown that the simplified traditional approach is a credible criterion that provides a more than adequate margin to failure when combined with limited extra control of the specification of pipe purchased for reeling. The assessment procedure is outlined along with a description of the detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modelling, full scale testing and field measurements performed to verify the method and results.

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Torselletti, Enrico, Luigino Vitali, Roberto Bruschi und Leif Collberg. „Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Ultra Deep-Water Pipelines“. In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37219.

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The offshore pipeline industry is planning new gas trunklines at water depth ever reached before (up to 3500 m). In such conditions, external hydrostatic pressure becomes the dominating loading condition for the pipeline design. In particular, pipe geometric imperfections as the cross section ovality, combined load effects as axial and bending loads superimposed to the external pressure, material properties as compressive yield strength in the circumferential direction and across the wall thickness etc., significantly interfere in the definition of the demanding, in such projects, minimum wall thickness requirements. This paper discusses the findings of a series of ultra deep-water studies carried out in the framework of Snamprogetti corporate R&D. In particular, the pipe sectional capacity, required to sustain design loads, is analysed in relation to: • The fabrication technology i.e. the effect of cold expansion/compression (UOE/UOC) of TMCP plates on the mechanical and geometrical pipe characteristics; • The line pipe material i.e. the effect of the shape of the actual stress-strain curve and the Y/T ratio on the sectional performance, under combined loads; • The load combination i.e. the effect of the axial force and bending moment on the limit capacity against collapse and ovalisation buckling failure modes, under the considerable external pressure. International design guidelines are analysed in this respect, and experimental findings are compared with the ones from the application of proposed limit state equations and from dedicated FE simulations.

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Smith, Daniel, Tomasz Tkaczyk und Sylvain Denniel. „Reliability Based Assessment of Minimum Wall Thickness for Reeling: A Focus on Cold Worked Pipe“. In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49389.

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Pipelines installed by the reel lay method are plastically deformed during installation. The nominal level of plastic deformation is determined by the vessel equipment geometry and pipe dimensions. The natural variation of wall thickness and yield strength determines the potential differences in bending stiffness (also called mismatch) that can occur between adjacent pipe joints. These mismatches cause a localized peak in strain and can drive gross deformation of the pipe, which may result in a buckle if not addressed at the engineering stage. The slenderness of a pipe and the strain hardening capacity determines the capacity of a pipe to handle the effects of mismatches during reeling A minimum wall thickness for reeling design equation has been defined for seamless pipe and has a proven track record and demonstrable reliability. There is a recent increase in the level of interest in cold worked pipe such as HFI/HFW, which appears to be an attractive cost effective alternative to seamless pipes. HFI/HFW potentially has inferior strain hardening properties due to cold forming, but have superior tolerance control of yield strength and wall thickness. This paper presents the results of a reliability based study, demonstrating the applicability of existing minimum wall thickness for reeling criteria, when applied to HFI/HFW linepipe.

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Kauer, Robert, und Wieland Holzer. „Assessment of Local Decreases in Wall Thickness at the Connection Straight-Pipe to Bend“. In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1257.

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Welds are ground during manufacturing to free them from offset edges and notches and thus to obtain a more favorable stress distribution. Apart from the above, welds are also ground to prepare them for and improve the conditions of in-service testing and inspection. The grinding of welds may result in a local decrease in wall thickness, so that there may be local deviations from the required minimum wall thickness. In order to fulfill the task of evaluating the strength of such material-loss regions, we have determined appropriate stress concentration factors for typical wall-thickness deviations and various wall-thickness/diameter ratios, which enable us to assess quickly and, if necessary, directly after the on-site measurement of wall thickness, whether a detected deviation from the minimum value is permissible. To be able to evaluate deviations from minimum wall thickness, especially in welds that form a connection to bends, we have determined stress indices for the beginning and the end of bends for common pipe bend dimensions and various bend angles. Compared with the maximum stress indices commonly used in piping calculations for the crown of the bend, the stress indices at the end of the bend are lower than those at the crown and can help to reduce unnecessary conservatism. In the paper, stress indices for various grinding geometries and for the beginning and the end of common bend shapes will be presented, as well as the method used to evaluate strength and the criteria pertaining to the tolerability of decreases in wall thickness.

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Teshima, Kaina, Yoichi Iwamoto, Kiminobu Hojo, Tomoyuki Oka, Kunihiro Kobayashi und Syuichi Tsuno. „Pressure Tests for Thickness Management of Wall Thinning Tees“. In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78685.

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Although the minimum thickness of pipe wall required (tsr) of T-joints (tees) of class 2, 3 and lower classes of nuclear power plants in Japan is calculated from the design pressure and temperature, there is no rule or standard of wall thinning T-joints for thickness management. This paper describes the pressure tests procedure and six test results with parameters of T-joint geometry such as outer diameter D, thickness T and T/D to establish structural integrity of wall thinning T-joints. Based on the fracture surface observation, a ductile crack initiation of each test mock-ups was confirmed.

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Jin, John C., Seyun Eom und Raoul Awad. „Some Issues in Fitness for Service Assessment of Wall Thinned CANDU Feeder Pipes“. In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61525.

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Canadian CANDU® feeder pipes experiencing pipe wall thinning due to flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) are accepted for continued service after an engineering evaluation. This evaluation is based on the assumption that FAC degradation is manageable through a comprehensive inspection program and conservative engineering evaluations. The practice of the Canadian nuclear industry is to: establish a minimum acceptable wall thickness, compare the measured thickness to predictions from the previous outage to confirm the conservatism of the predictions in a condition assessment, and predict the thickness at the next inspection and compare against the minimum acceptable value in an operational assessment. If the thickness measured during outage does not meet the pre-established thickness criteria, the feeder should be replaced, unless it is demonstrated to be fit for service through a detailed analysis. The detailed analysis usually involves more complex methodologies which are subjected to regulatory reviews. Several issues have been raised in the fitness-for-service assessments of feeder pipes relating to the definition of primary membrane stress, interpretation of minimum thickness requirements, plasticity analysis, limit load analysis and the applicability of procedures given in Code Case N-597 to Class 1 feeder pipes. This paper presents the Canadian regulatory expectations on these issues.

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Navarro, Josef, und Philip Cooper. „Improved Prediction of External Pressure Collapse of Seamless Pipe“. In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79463.

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Seamless pipe typically features well controlled average wall thickness around its cross-section, but is prone to significant local thickness variation arising from the manufacturing process. Pipeline design codes, such as DNV OS-F101, provide little guidance on how to treat thickness variation whilst designing for collapse resistance. Standard practice is to consider minimum wall thickness across the whole cross-section, an assumption that two dimensional finite element simulations have proven conservative. This justifies the need for an improved design method. A program of simulations has been carried out to investigate the effect of wall thickness variation on collapse pressure. A modification to the DNV OS-F101 collapse design equation using average wall thickness over the whole crossection together with a fabrication factor is presented based on the results of this study. The fabrication factor de-rates the collapse pressure according to the amount of thickness variation present. The correction has been calibrated for thickness variations up to the maximum permitted by typical line pipe specifications. A number of FE trials demonstrate that the proposed formula predicts simulated collapse pressures with 98% accuracy. Adopting this method could provide significant wall thickness savings for deep water flowlines which in turn could lead to a reduction in steel costs and transportation and lay vessel requirements.

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Kauer, Robert, und Wieland Holzer. „Assessment of Local Decreases in Wall Thickness at the Connection Straight-Pipe to 0°–90°-Bends“. In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2607.

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Welds are ground during manufacturing to free them from offset edges and notches and thus to obtain a more favorable stress curve. Apart from the above, welds are also ground to prepare them for periodic testing and inspection by improving the conditions for these in-service inspection measures. The latter is one reason for a local decrease in wall thickness in the weld area at the connection between straight pipe and bend, so that there may be local deviations from the original design-based minimum required wall thickness. In order to fulfill the task of evaluating the strength of such material-loss regions, this paper determines appropriate stress indices for typical wall-thickness deviations and various wall-thickness/diameter ratios. For the beginning and the end of the bends, the factors B* and C* for common pipe bend dimensions have been determined. In [1], the factors B* and C* for 90°-bends are compared to the stress indices B and C given in the literature for the crown of the bend. These factors B and C are commonly used in piping calculations, which are based on the transverse beam theory. In this paper the factors B* and C* are presented for both ends of the bends with bend angles in the range of 0° to 90° degree. These factors for the beginning and the end of 0°–90°-bends will also be compared with factors given in the literature. The correct combination of both factors — wall-thickness reduction and B* or C* — allows to decide, whether a detected deviation from the minimum value is permissible.

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Chiu, Chong, und Lance B. Gockel. „Iatan Desuperheater Pipe Failure Caused by FAC: September 28, 2007“. In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26066.

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At approximately 11:40 AM on May 9, 2007, Iatan Unit 1 experienced a catastrophic rupture of a 4 inch superheater (SH) attemperator spray line after nearly 27 years of commercial operations. At the time of the rupture, several plant personnel were in the immediate vicinity performing maintenance on a plugged coal feeder. Plant operators immediately initiated a plant shutdown. This incident resulted in two fatalities and one serious injury. Subsequent examination of the ruptured line indicated significant pipe wall thinning had occurred, leading to the sudden failure of the pipe pressure boundary and the pipe rupture event. The preliminary evaluation of the failed pipe determined that flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) was the likely failure mechanism. To prevent this and similar events, the PII team recommends the following actions be taken to identify other potential areas which may have similar characteristics to the failed pipe: 1. Employ the EPRI method CHECKWORKS (as has been implemented) to identify the susceptible areas. 2. Supplement the EPRI model with connected flow modeling techniques to identify additional inspection areas. 3. If the measured wall thickness is less than 30% of the minimum allowable wall thickness, replace or repair the pipe immediately. 4. If the measured wall thickness is less than the minimum allowable wall thickness (as specified by the B31.1 code), but no less than 30% of the minimum allowable, perform a safety risk assessment. If the risk is determined acceptable, replace or repair the pipe at the next planned plant outage with temporary compensatory actions (such as caution tags, leak flow blockage facilities, etc.). 5. Identify and replace all throttled gate valves and replace them as soon as practical. Until these valves are replaced, utilize NDE techniques to monitor the pipe wall thinning downstream of the valves and replace pipe based on the above criteria in 3 and 4.

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Smith, Daniel, Craig Peters und Subhajit Lahiri. „The Application of Reliability Based Methods in the Optimisation of Reeled Rigid Pipeline Wall Thickness Requirements“. In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77865.

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Reel-lay is a fast and cost-effective means for the installation of subsea flowlines and Pipe-In-Pipe systems with outer diameters up to 18”. Pipelines installed by the reel lay method are plastically deformed during installation. The most critical step in the installation of a reeled pipeline occurs at the spool base, when the assembled pipeline is spooled on to the hub of the reel. The nominal level of deformation is dictated by the vessel equipment geometry, applied back tension, and pipe dimensions. Localised increases in deformation are caused by mismatches in bending stiffness between adjacent pipes. The mismatch potential is dictated by the natural variation of yield strength and by dimensional variation that is inherent to linepipe manufacturing processes. Reliability based assessments are commonly applied in the assessment of minimum acceptable wall thickness for reeling. These assessments enable the minimum acceptable wall thickness to be determined with a defined target reliability level, assessing mismatches based upon distributions of wall thickness and yield strength. The mismatch parameter calculation method and the definition of appropriate acceptance criteria are the two most important factors in reeling assessments. Neither of these two factors has been specified in a pipeline design code or a recommended practice available in the public domain. However, there is an increasing level of familiarity in industry; mismatch calculation methods and strain or ovality based acceptance criteria, defined by installation contractors are gaining widespread acceptance. This paper presents a review of the application of reliability based methods currently under use, focusing on mismatch calculation methods, acceptance criteria, and probability of failure calculation methods. Minimisation of costs is of particular importance in the current oil and gas industry climate. Because of this, the ability to specify an optimum wall thickness enables installation contractors to provide more cost effective reeled rigid pipeline solutions. After reviewing the subject matter and existing body of work this paper looks in detail at the deformation responses and failure modes for a range of sizes of reeled pipelines with mismatches. The assessment of deformation responses demonstrates a significant level of conservatism in recently proposed acceptance criteria that is based upon averaged axial strain levels. This conservatism is quantified by probability of failure calculations and provides a strong justification for further optimisation of the minimum wall thickness for reeling. Finally, the beneficial effect of increased reeling tension is quantified in terms of its effect upon probability of failure.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Minimum pipe wall thickness"

Hickmott, Donald Degarmo. SIMULTANEOUS REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF COMPOSITION, FLOW, ATTENUATION, DENSITY, AND PIPE-WALL THICKNESS IN MULTIPHASE FLUIDS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569567.

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