Thematische Bibliographien / Miniature test specimens

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Miniature test specimens“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 14. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Miniature test specimens"

Farrukh, Hafeez, M. N. Desmukh, Husain Asif und D. K. Sehgal. „Miniature Test Technique for Acquiring True Stress–Strain Curves for a Large Range of Strains Using a Tensile Test and Inverse Finite Element Method“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (Oktober 2011): 4204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4204.

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The paper presents a non conventional technique to predict the constitutive behavior of materials by assessing the true stress–true strain relationship through miniature specimen tests. The miniature test was conducted on two different types of steel ring specimens (outer diameter14mm, inner diameter 8mm, thickeness 0.5mm) with V-notch (1mm depth) added diametrically to it. A finite element model was developed and validated to calculate the load–deflection curve obtained from the miniature specimen experiment. The constitutive behavior assigned to the specimen for the calculations was determined from the standard tensile test. Using an inverse methodology, it was possible to show that the constitutive behavior from the miniature tests using inverse FE procedure, and that from the conventional standard ASTM test bears close resemblance.

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Gui, Le Le, Tong Xu, Bin An Shou, Han Kui Wang und Jing Xiang. „Estimation of Fracture Toughness J_IC by Miniature Specimen Hydraulic Bulge Test“. Materials Science Forum 898 (Juni 2017): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.753.

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The fracture toughness tests and a new miniature specimen technology named hydraulic bulge test (HBT) of 3Cr1Mo1/4V at four service time were carried out. Four J-R resistance curves by single-specimen method with one inch CT specimens were obtained to compute the JIC. Different definitions of equivalent fracture strain according to the section morphologies of HBT testing specimens were compared, and fracture energy of miniature specimens with three different thicknesses (0.4mm, 0.5mm and 0.6mm) were also calculated. Results showed that the typical HBT load-deflection curve can be divided into four sections like SPT curve. Equivalent fracture strain and fracture energy EHB can be chosen as two fracture parameters for the HBT specimen. Ductile fracture toughness JIC can be related approximately linearly to both the equivalent fracture strain and fracture energy EHB.

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Hou, P. H., und T. Y. Chen. „AN AUTOMATIC TENSILE TEST MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR MINIATURE SPECIMENS“. Experimental Techniques 29, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2005.tb00228.x.

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Klueh, R. L. „Miniature tensile test specimens for fusion reactor irradiation studies“. Nuclear Engineering and Design. Fusion 2, Nr. 3 (Januar 1985): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-899x(85)90028-x.

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Zhou, Chao, Jun Liang und Bin Wang. „Study on High Temperature Creep Test of P92 Material Based on the Minimally Invasive Technique“. Key Engineering Materials 734 (April 2017): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.734.159.

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The tensile and creep properties of P92 steel have been studied using a precision tensile and creep test machines for miniature and conventional specimens under various stress level at 625°C. The results showed that the data stability of miniature plate specimens is high whether at room or high temperature tensile tests. Compared with the conventional plate specimens, tensile strength, yield strength and total elongation is slightly lower, the uniform elongation is higher for miniature plate specimens at room temperature. By contrast, the tensile strength and uniform elongation is slightly higher, and the yield strength and total elongation is lower at high temperature. Besides, there had similar creep curves between miniature and conventional specimens, and the creep rupture time and minimum creep rate are closer under the same stress. By comparing the power law creep index and damage tolerance factor at the second creep stage, it can be derived that the creep mechanism is identical for the micro and conventional specimens, which is controlled by the dislocation movement.

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Yang, Bin, Wen Chun Jiang und Wen Qi Sun. „Comparison of Tensile Properties of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel Characterized by Miniature Specimen and Standard Specimen“. Key Engineering Materials 795 (März 2019): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.188.

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Miniature specimen and standard round bar specimen were used to measure tensile properties of a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel. The elastic modulus, the yield strength, the ultimate tensile strength and the strain hardening exponent measured by the above two kinds of specimens were compared with each other. It is found that the strength and the strain hardening exponent measured by miniature specimen is consistent with that measured by standard specimen. While the elastic modulus obtained by the miniature specimen is significantly lower than that obtained by the standard specimen. The finite element analysis (FEA) showed that insufficient stiffness of the micro-test tensile stage is the major reason for the lower elastic modulus, while the difference in strength is caused by the various stress state of the two kinds of specimens.

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Camin, Bettina, und Maximilian Gille. „The Effect of Specimen Size and Test Procedure on the Creep Behavior of ME21 Magnesium Alloy“. Crystals 11, Nr. 8 (07.08.2021): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080918.

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Lightweight constructions and materials offer the opportunity to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector. As components in vehicles are often exposed to higher temperatures above 40% of the melting temperature, there is a risk of creep. The creep behavior usually is investigated based on standard procedures. However, lightweight constructions frequently have dimensions not adequately represented by standardized specimen geometries. Therefore, comparative creep experiments on non-standardized miniature and standardized specimens are performed. Due to a modified test procedure specified by a miniature creep device, only the very first primary creep stage shows a minor influence, but subsequently, no effect on the creep process is detected. The creep behavior of hot extruded and heat treated ME21 magnesium alloy is investigated. It is observed that the creep parameters determined by the miniature and standard creep tests are different. As the deviations are systematic, qualitatively, evidence of the creep behavior is achieved. The creep parameters obtained, and particularly the creep strain and the strain rate, show a higher creep resistance of the miniature specimen. An initial higher number of twinned grains and possible multiaxiality in the gauge volume of the miniature specimen can be responsible.

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Wang, C. T., und R. M. Pilliar. „Short-rod elastic-plastic fracture toughness test using miniature specimens“. Journal of Materials Science 24, Nr. 7 (Juli 1989): 2391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01174501.

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Zhang, Yunlu, Sreekar Karnati, Tan Pan und Frank Liou. „Determination of constitutive relation from miniature tensile test with digital image correlation“. Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 55, Nr. 3-4 (07.02.2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324719892732.

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The determination of constitutive relation from the miniature tensile test is of high interest in multiple areas. Here, a convenient experimental method is proposed to determine the true stress–strain curve from the miniature tensile test. The instantaneous cross-sectional area is estimated by only one camera in aid of digital image correlation technique. This method was applied on commercial pure titanium and aluminum 6061 alloys, and the results indicate that the extracted true stress–strain curves are not scale-dependent. The derived mechanical properties from miniature specimens match well with the results of standard specimens. The correctness of the true stress–strain curve was evaluated by the finite element analysis method. The results suggest that the derived true stress–strain curve is capable to represent the constitutive behavior of the tested materials.

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Jaske, Carl E., und R. Viswanathan. „Use of Miniature Specimens for Creep-Crack-Growth Testing“. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 122, Nr. 3 (16.03.2000): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482814.

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Measuring the condition of high-temperature components after many years of service is an important part of remaining life assessment. Tests of miniature specimens have been utilized for this purpose because they require that only small samples be removed from the components, which minimizes or eliminates the need for costly repairs. Miniature-specimen techniques have been developed and validated for creep-rupture testing but not for creep-crack-growth testing. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a procedure for measuring creep-crack-growth behavior using miniature specimens. Based on a past study of Type 316 stainless steel, the single-edge-notch-tension (SENT) specimen configuration was chosen for the current work. SENT specimens were designed and prepared from both base metal and weldments of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo and 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo steels. The base metal was ASME SA 387, Grade P22 and Grade P11 plate, respectively. The 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel weldment was a seam-weld hot reheat steam pipe that had been in service for 106,000 hours, while the 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo steel weldment was from a pipe that had been weld repaired after 244,200 hours of service. SENT specimens with test sections of 10×5×1.5 mm, 15×7.5×1.5 mm, and 20×10×1.5 mm were evaluated. Tests were conducted under constant weight loading or constant load-line displacement loading. Specimens were heated to 538°C using a standard laboratory furnace. Crack length was measured using the DC electric potential drop method. The test results were analyzed to produce creep-crack-growth rate da/dt as a function of the C* integral and compared with data from tests of half-size (1/2T-CT) and standard full-size (1T-CT) compact-tension specimens. For both base metals, the 1/2T-CT and three sizes of SENT specimens gave results that agreed well with those of 1T-CT specimens. For the 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel weldments, SENT specimens produced good results. However, SENT specimens of the 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo steel weldments exhibited cracking blunting and no creep crack growth. The reasons for the differences in behavior are discussed and guidance for application of miniature specimens to creep-crack-growth testing is presented. [S0094-4289(00)01403-1]

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Miniature test specimens"

Novotný, David. „Lomové chování kovových slitin s nízkou úrovní houževnatosti“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442806.

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The diploma thesis is focused on determining mechanical properties of alloys produced by powder metallurgy methods. Two alloys were studied, namely a highly entropic CrMnFeCoNi alloy and an oxide dispersion-strenthened FeAlO alloy. Both alloys were made in laboratory amount of test material and miniature test specimens were used to measure their mechanical properties. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to develop a crack preparation methodology, to examine and to evaluate the properties of miniature test specimens for materials with low levels of resilience. In the analytical part of the thesis, tensile and deformation properties and fracture toughness of both alloys were measured. For the highly-entropic CrMnFeCoNi alloy, the thesis focused on the effect of the strain rate on the properties of the alloy. For the oxide dispersion-strenthened FeAlO, the effect of temperature in the 23-600 °C temperature range on its mechanical properties was studied.

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Cacciapuoti, Bianca. „The role of miniature specimen creep tests in power plant life management“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51893/.

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The current Thesis describes for the first time based on extensive industrial data how small specimen creep testing techniques can be applied within a practical and deployable life assessment framework and in conjunction with other assessment techniques. The current state of the art for small specimen creep testing is critically reviewed; a review of traditional techniques used on site for the metallurgical assessment of material condition is also included, with examples from site investigations and assessment campaigns in both conventional and nuclear plant applications. The work describes how small specimen creep testing methods and other complementary tools can be used in a new and structured approach to life management. This specifically refers to the potential to develop and implement novel life assessment models that take advantage of the significant amount of site data currently routinely acquired during plant outage overhauls. A novel predictive lifing model for the use of hardness data is developed. In fact, a novel, phenomenological, relationship between room temperature hardness and creep data, obtained by uniaxial creep and impression creep tests, has been found and used for an innovative lifing approach that includes hardness data in a modified Liu and Murakami creep damage model. The latter is discussed with a description of how it could be practically implemented and validated in-service. The capability of impression creep testing method in determining the minimum creep strain rate data by use of conversion relationships that relates uniaxial creep test data and impression creep test data is demonstrated. Consequences of possible geometry inaccuracies in the position of the indenter were investigated and some general comments on the conversion relationships are also provided. The creep damage evolution of an ex-service CrMoV pipe section is investigated in order to demonstrate how normally acquired industry data and data obtained by small specimen creep tests could be used in a real situation. The study emphasises the importance of correlating the operating conditions (temperature and stress) of power plant components with the results from metallurgical examinations and small specimen creep tests. The current research also reports a novel investigation of the applicability of Chakrabarty’s theory, for membrane stretching of a circular blank over a rigid punch, to small punch creep test and determines new ranges of applicability of the CEN Code of Practice CWA 15627.

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Lazar, Václav. „Kalibrace experimentálního zařízení pro testování kosmických technologií“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401523.

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Diplomová práce se zabývá možnosti kalibrace experimentálního testovacího zařízení. Zejména se věnuje návrhu termálního matematického modelu popisujícího tepelné procesy uvnitř zařízení v průběhu měření tepelné vodivosti vzorku. První část práce je věnována seznámení se s testovacím zařízením, jeho limity a principem měření. Popisuje řešení třetí verze testovací komory, společně s nezbytnými úpravami, provedenými za účelem zajištění předepsaných simulačních podmínek. Zmiňuje také potřebu a důvody kalibrace. Druhá část je především zaměřená na návrh kalibračních vzorků a termálního modelu. Uvádí definované požadavky a konečné vlastnosti vyrobených vzorků. Matematický model prezentuje postup výpočtu zjištěných tepelných ztrát a poukazuje na možnosti jejich zpřesnění. Testování kalibračních vzorků bylo provedeno na nově zprovozněné třetí verzi testovací komory. Naměřené výsledky poslouží k ladění termálního modelu, nezbytného k dokončení kalibračního procesu, který umožní přikročení k další fázi testování v experimentální komoře.

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Mašek, Jakub. „Funkční zkouška tepelného spínače pro prostředí planety Mars“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254304.

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Diplomová práce se zabývá studiem projektu tepelného spínače a dosažených výsledků. Zaměřuje se především na vývoj zařízení pro zkoušení tepelného spínače v podmínkách odpovídající prostředí planety Marsu. První část práce se zabývá především popisem vývoje zkušební komory určené pro simulaci extrémních podmínek, tj. nízkého tlaku a teplot, od předběžného návrhu až po konečnou podobu komory, která bude použita pro předepsané zkoušky. Práce popisuje také důvody úprav některých částí komory a uvádí návrhy řešení nepředvídaných událostí, které vznikly v průběhu testů. Cílem druhé části práce je návrh kampaně pro zkoušení tepelného spínače od úvodních zkoušek ověření základní funkčnosti komory, přes ověření vlastností a nastavení všech systémů měřícího zařízení, až po zkoušky na prvních vzorcích a závěrečném kvalifikačním modelu tepelného spínače. Dále se práce zaměřuje na postup vyhodnocení naměřených dat a jevů, které jej ovlivňují. Kalibrační zkoušky zařízení, systémů a postupu vyhodnocení naměřených dat, které byly provedeny na speciálně navržených náhradních vzorcích, jsou téměř u konce. Jakmile budou výsledky schváleny, zkušební komora i navržené postupy měření budou připraveny pro požadované zkoušení vzorků tepelného spínače.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Miniature test specimens"

Valo, Matti J., Tapio K. Planman und Kim R. Wallin. „Rotation Point and KJC Estimations for Miniature CT-Specimens Based on Off-Load Line Displacement“. In Small Specimen Test Techniques: 6th Volume, 1–11. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp157620140010.

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Katoh, Yutai, Mary A. Snead, Chunghao Shih, Wally D. Porter, Lance L. Snead und Timothy D. Burchell. „Applicability and Limitations of Miniature Specimens for Properties Determination of Fine-Grained Graphite“. In Graphite Testing for Nuclear Applications: The Significance of Test Specimen Volume and Geometry and the Statistical Significance of Test Specimen Population, 65–83. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp157820130147.

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Kopriva, R., M. Brumovsky, M. Kytka, M. Lasan, J. Siegl und K. Matocha. „Application of Miniature Small Punch Test Specimen in Determination of Tensile Properties“. In Small Specimen Test Techniques: 6th Volume, 1–8. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp157620140015.

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Masato, Yamamoto, Onizawa Kunio, Yoshimoto Kentaro, Ogawa Takuya, Mabuchi Yasuhiro, Valo Matti, Lambrecht Marlies, Viehrig Hans-Werner, Miura Naoki und Soneda Naoki. „International Round Robin Test on Master Curve Reference Temperature Evaluation Utilizing Miniature C(T) Specimen“. In Small Specimen Test Techniques: 6th Volume, 1–17. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp157620140020.

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Samal, M. K., und K. S. Balakrishnan. „Experiments on a Ring Tension Setup and FE Analysis to Evaluate Transverse Mechanical Properties of Tubular Components“. In Modeling and Simulation Techniques in Structural Engineering, 91–115. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0588-4.ch004.

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Determination of transverse mechanical properties from ring specimens machined from tubular components is not straightforward due to presence of combined tension and bending stresses. Zircaloy tubes as used in nuclear reactors are manufactured through a complicated process of pilgering and heat-treatment and hence, the properties need to be determined in the as-manufactured condition. In this work, the authors perform ring-tensile tests on specimens of Zircaloy pressure tubes of Indian pressurized heavy water reactor in order to carry out integrity assessment of these tubes. As the loading condition in this test imposes both membrane and bending stresses in the cross-section of the ring, 3-D finite element analysis of the test setup was carried out in order to determine material stress-strain curve using an iterative technique. The effect of the design of the loading mandrel on the experimental stress-strain data has been investigated in detail. To validate the methodology, miniature tensile specimens have been tested and the data has been compared to those of ring specimens.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Miniature test specimens"

Miura, Naoki, und Naoki Soneda. „Evaluation of Fracture Toughness by Master Curve Approach Using Miniature C(T) Specimens“. In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25862.

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The fracture toughness Master Curve gives a universal relationship between the median of fracture toughness and temperature in the ductile-brittle transition temperature region of ferritic steels such as reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. The Master Curve approach specified in the ASTM standard theoretically provides the confidence levels of fracture toughness in consideration of the inherent scatter of fracture toughness. The authors have conducted a series of fracture toughness tests for typical Japanese RPV steels with various specimen sizes and shapes, and ascertained that the Master Curve can be well applied to the specimens with the thickness of 0.4-inches or larger. Considering the possible application of the Master Curve method coexistent with the present surveillance program for operating RPVs, the utilization of miniature specimens which can be taken from broken halves of surveillance specimens is quite important for the efficient determination of the Master Curve from the limited volume of the materials of concern. In this study, fracture toughness tests were conducted for typical Japanese RPV steels, SFVQ1A forging and SQV2A plate materials, using the miniature C(T) specimens with the thickness of 4 mm following the procedure of the ASTM standard. The results showed that the differences in test temperature, evaluation method, and specimen size did not affect the Master Curves, and the fracture toughness indexed by the reference temperature, T0, obtained from miniature C(T) specimens were consistent with those obtained from standard and larger C(T) specimens. It was also found that valid reference temperature can be determined with the realistic number of miniature C(T) specimens, less than ten, if the test temperature was appropriately selected. Thus, the Master Curve method using miniature C(T) specimens could be a practical method to determine the fracture toughness of actual RPV steels.

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Yamamoto, Masato, und Naoki Miura. „Applicability of Miniature C(T) Specimens for the Master Curve Evaluation of RPV Weld Metal“. In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45545.

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The Master Curve approach for the fracture toughness evaluation is expected to be a powerful tool to ensure the reliability of long term used reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. In order to get sufficient number of data for the Master Curve approach coexistent with the present surveillance program for RPVs, the utilization of miniature specimens that can be taken from the broken halves of the surveillance Charpy specimens is important. CRIEPI has developed the test technique for the miniature C(T) specimens, whose dimensions are 4 × 10 × 9.6 mm, and has verified the basic applicability of the Master Curve approach by means of the miniature C(T) for the determination of the fracture toughness of typical Japanese RPV steel base metals [1]. A series of round robin tests on RPV steel base metals [2–4] demonstrated that the miniature C(T) specimen can be used for the determination of the reference temperature (To) with no specific difficulties in test techniques. The present paper addresses the applicability of the fracture toughness evaluation by the miniature C(T) specimens on a RPV weld metal with multi-layer weld bead structure. The distribution of the fracture toughness and the trend in fracture toughness change with temperature were confirmed to show a good agreement with the assumption of the Master Curve method [5]. Fracture surface of the specimens were in cleavage fracture mode regardless of the difference in fracture toughness level. The relevance of the specimen size correction in the Master Curve method was confirmed. The difference of To values were only in a few degrees Celsius between the data obtained with 0.5 inch-thickness C(T) specimens and the miniature C(T) specimens. The effect of local loss of constraint nearby the specimen side surface was examined by comparing with the datasets from the specimens with and without side grooves. The difference of To was only 3 degree centigrade and no remarkable effect of side grooving could be seen. From overall examination results, it was concluded that the miniature C(T) specimen can be used for the Master Curve evaluation of tested PRV weld metal.

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Yoshimoto, Kentaro, Takatoshi Hirota, Hiroyuki Sakamoto, Takuji Sugihara, Shohei Sakaguchi und Toru Oumaya. „Applicability of Miniature C(T) Specimen to Evaluation of Fracture Toughness for Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel“. In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97840.

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Irradiation embrittlement of Japanese reactor pressure vessels (RPV) is usually monitored by conducting tests on irradiated RPV material according to surveillance test program. Although fracture toughness specimens are contained in Japanese PWR surveillance capsule, the number of specimens is limited due to capacity of capsule. In order to evaluate lower bound of fracture toughness considering its scatter with higher reliability, it is expected to obtain additional fracture toughness data using remaining broken specimens of irradiated materials. One of solutions to this problem is specimen reconstitution technique. However, it is difficult to make numbers of specimens by reconstitution because of need for specific equipments and time-consuming machining operations. As an alternative method, fracture toughness test using miniature C(T) specimens with dimension of 4×10×10mm, which can be taken from broken halves of Charpy specimen, is proposed and the studies to verify the reliability and robustness of evaluation method have been conducted in the Japanese round robin program since 2010. In this study, fracture toughness tests were performed on Japanese SA 533 Gr.B Cl.1 steel using miniature C(T) specimens and the effect of specimen size on reference temperature T0 was studied by the Master Curve approach. In addition, the issues related to application to irradiated materials were discussed.

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Shinko, Tomoki, und Masato Yamamoto. „Ductile Crack Growth Resistance and Rotation Behavior of Miniature C(T) Specimen“. In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21104.

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Abstract A utilization of a miniature compact tension (Mini-C(T)) specimen is expected to enable effective use of limited remaining surveillance specimens for the structural integrity assessment of a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). For developing a direct fracture toughness evaluation method using Mini-C(T) specimen in the upper-shelf temperature range as well as ductile-brittle transition temperature range, this study is aimed to experimentally characterize the Mini-C(T) specimen’s size effect on ductile crack growth resistance and interpolate its mechanism. Mini-C(T) specimen and 0.5T-C(T) specimen were prepared from a Japanese RPV steel SQV2A, and the ductile crack growth tests were conducted on them at room temperature. As a result, the crack growth resistance of Mini-C(T) and 0.5T-C(T) specimens are comparable if the crack extension Δa is less than 0.5 mm. On the other hand, if Δa exceeds 0.5 mm, the crack growth resistance of Mini-C(T) specimen becomes lower than that of 0.5T-C(T) specimen. The measurements of stretch zone width and depth support the fact that the fracture toughness for ductile crack initiation of Mini-C(T) specimen is lower than that of 0.5T-C(T) specimen. From the rotational (crack mouth opening) deformation of Mini-C(T) specimen was measured by simultaneously measuring load-line and front face displacements. The distance between the crack tip and the rotation center of Mini-C(T) specimen is smaller than that of 0.5T-C(T) specimen during the test. Furthermore, The plastic zone in front of the crack tip reaches the rotation center up to the crack extension of Δa = 0.3 mm on Mini-C(T) specimen, indicating that the mechanism of the specimen size effect of Mini-C(T) specimen is likely a plastic constraint due to the influence of the rotation center locating near the crack tip. This suggests that the specimen size effect of Mini-C(T) specimen on ductile crack growth resistance is expected to be corrected by considering an effect of the plastic constraint.

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Sugihara, Takuji, Takatoshi Hirota, Hiroyuki Sakamoto, Kentaro Yoshimoto, Kazuya Tsutsumi und Takeshi Murakami. „Applicability of Miniature C(T) Specimen to Fracture Toughness Evaluation for the Irradiated Japanese Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel“. In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66206.

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Fracture toughness evaluations for irradiated reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels are essential in the structural integrity assessment of RPVs. In Japanese pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants, fracture toughness tests are conducted for irradiated RPV steels through the surveillance tests and fracture toughness data are obtained. Lately, the Master Curve (MC) approach has become the main stream in fracture toughness evaluation. However, there can be the case that the number of fracture toughness data is not enough for the MC method in some Japanese PWR plants because of limited numbers of fracture toughness specimens contained in the surveillance capsules. On the other hand, for the Japanese PWR plants, a surveillance capsule generally contains a lot of Charpy impact specimens which miniature C(T) (Mini-C(T)) specimens with a size of 4×10×9.6mm can be taken from. Therefore, it is planned that additional fracture toughness tests are performed using Mini-C(T) specimens after the Charpy impact tests to obtain sufficient fracture toughness data for the MC method. Applicability of the Mini-C(T) specimen to the MC evaluation has been studied in a series of international round robin test programs coordinated by Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI). In these programs and the related studies, it was demonstrated that the reference temperature (To) can be determined by the Mini-C(T) specimens without any specific difficulties for the unirradiated RPV base metals. In addition, CRIEPI has recently reported on the basis of their studies that the fracture toughness tests could be successfully performed on the typical unirradiated RPV weld metal and the valid To can be determined with the data obtained from the weld metal as well as base metals. However, few papers reported applicability of the Mini-C(T) specimen to the MC evaluation for irradiated RPV steels. In this study, fracture toughness tests using Mini-C(T) specimens were conducted on the irradiated Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) SFVQ1A steel (equivalent to ASME A508 Cl.3 steel). The Mini-C(T) specimens were machined out from some broken halves of Charpy impact specimens used in a surveillance test of an actual Japanese PWR plant by a wire cut electric spark machine followed by fatigue precracking. After the fracture toughness tests, the evaluation was performed on the obtained fracture toughness data according to the MC method. The effect of specimen size on To was studied and applicability of the Mini-C(T) specimen was discussed by comparing the existing results of fracture toughness tests using the 1/2T-C(T) specimens conducted in the surveillance test. In addition, the issues to obtain valid To for irradiated materials were discussed.

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Yamamoto, Masato, Akihiko Kimura, Kunio Onizawa, Kentaro Yoshimoto, Takuya Ogawa, Atsushi Chiba, Takashi Hirano et al. „A Round Robin Program of Master Curve Evaluation Using Miniature C(T) Specimens: First Round Robin Test on Uniform Specimens of Reactor Pressure Vessel Material“. In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78661.

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Reference temperature evaluation method by Master Curve approach for the fracture toughness evaluation had been standardized recently in Japan, and expected to be a powerful tool to ensure the reliability of long term used RPV steels. In order to get sufficient number of data for the Master curve approach coexistent with the present surveillance program for RPVs, the utilization of miniature specimens, which can be taken from broken halves of surveillance Charpy specimens, is important. CRIEPI had developed the test technique for the miniature C(T) specimens (Mini-CT), whose dimensions are 4 × 10 × 10 mm, and verified the basic applicability of Master Curve approach by means of Mini-CT for the determination of fracture toughness of typical Japanese RPV steels. A round robin program is organized with the participation of Japanese academia, industries and a government institute. The program aims to verify the reliability and robustness of experimental data of Mini-CT, and to pick out further investigation items to be solved before the actual application of the technique. As the first step of this program, four institutes separately carried out a series of Master Curve evaluation in conformity to ASTM E1921-10e1 by means of Mini-CT specimens, whose material (Japanese RPV material, SFVQ1A), machining process and pre-cracking process are in common in all the specimens. Valid reference temperature T0 could be successfully obtained in all of the institutes by means of Mini-CT specimen. However, the value, T0, have large difference with maximum of 34 °C among the institutes. The difference shows strong correlation with the difference in loading rate, which is selected by each organization to be meet the testing standard ASTM E1921-10e1.

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Stratil, Ludek, Filip Siska, Hynek Hadraba und Ivo Dlouhy. „The Prediction of Size Effect on J-R Curve for Eurofer97 Steel by Simplified Mechanical Model“. In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45703.

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The possibilities to derive fracture toughness from small specimens are naturally limited due to constraint requirements which are especially restrictive in toughness testing. The loss of constraint at the crack tip is more likely to occur as specimen size decreases. Application of miniature specimens in fracture toughness testing thus requires a suitable methodology or correction procedure to deal with phenomenon of the constraint loss. Schindler et al. have proposed a simplified mechanical model that can be used to scale-up the key test characteristics from miniature specimen to the larger one. The model is applied to the miniature bending specimens to describe size effect on J-R curve of the Eurofer97 steel. The examined steel exhibits quite high toughness values at upper shelf region of fracture toughness. As a result, experimentally determined J-R curves of three different sizes of pre-cracked bending specimens showed high values of J-integral, which were significantly different each other. Using semi-empirical definition of the exponent of the power law function of J-R curve the performance of the Schindler’s model was quite successful. It was shown that the model is able to handle with size effect of tested pre-cracked three-point-bend specimens.

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Holmström, Stefan, Oliver Martin, Theo Bakker, Murthy Kolluri und Matthias Bruchhausen. „Estimation of Uniaxial Material Properties by Miniature Small Punch Testing to Support Post-Irradiation Examination of RPV Steels“. In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21490.

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Abstract The small punch (SP) test technique is expected to become a more common tool for estimating tensile properties since the technique has been approved for standardization and will be published early 2020 as EN-10371. The testing technique is naturally of interest in the nuclear field due to the small amount of material needed for estimating the properties of both virgin and irradiation damaged materials. In the project STRUMAT-LTO, supported within the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP), there is intention to use both miniature uniaxial test specimen as well as miniature SP specimen to assess the influence of high fluence irradiation on mechanical properties of the samples of the joint NRG-JRC irradiation campaign LYRA-10. The alloys represented in the irradiation campaign are variations of VVER and PWR reactor pressure vessel steels with tailor made chemical compositions. Four of the PWR model steels are tested here with miniature uniaxial specimens using the SP technique at room temperature (RT) and 100°C in as-received material state and at RT for heat treated (450°C / 40 h) material. The SP samples were extracted from used KLST (miniature Charpy) specimens. The results of this test program are expected to provide the basis for the future development of material property determination of irradiated materials.

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Yamamoto, Masato, und Naoki Miura. „Applicability of Miniature-C(T) Specimen for the Master Curve Evaluation of RPV Weld Metal and Heat Affected Zone“. In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63762.

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The Master Curve approach is a powerful tool to evaluate material-specific fracture toughness of ferritic steels, such as RPV steels, using a limited number of specimens. However, preparing a sufficient number of standard fracture toughness test specimens is difficult for irradiated RPV steels of existing surveillance programs. Utilization of miniature specimens that can be machined from broken halves of standard Charpy specimens is a possible solution to address this issue. CRIEPI has been working on the test technique utilizing a miniature C(T) (Mini-C(T)) specimens, whose dimensions are 4 × 10 × 9.6 mm (0.16 inch thickness specimen). The basic applicability of the Mini-C(T) Master Curve approach has been confirmed [1] for the base metals of typical Japanese RPV steels. International round robin tests confirmed the reproducibility of fracture toughness data obtained by Mini-C(T) specimens [2–4]. Ensuring the applicability of the Mini-C(T) Master Curve approach to weld metals and heat affected zone materials is of great importance to meet the future demand from the RPV surveillance programs for over 40 or 60 years’ reactor operation. For a weld metal deposit, we verified that valid reference temperature, To, can be estimated using the Mini-C(T) specimens and the statistics of the fracture toughness data [5] show good conformity to the assumption of the Master Curve method [6]. In the present paper, fracture toughness of a weld joint, which consists of two different heats of RPV plate material was examined. Five sets of Mini-C(T) specimens taken from two base metals, their heat affected zones (HAZ) and weld metal deposit, were subjected to the fracture toughness test. 0.5T-C(T) specimens taken from similar locations were also subjected to the fracture toughness tests to investigate specimen size effect. All the Mini-C(T) data sets taken from base metal, HAZ and weld metal were eligible for the determination of valid To with each 12 to 16 Mini-C(T) specimens. The relevance of the specimen size correction in the Master Curve method was confirmed for two base metals and a weld metal. The fracture toughness data for HAZ materials gave a reasonable agreement with the specific Weibull distribution assumed in the Master Curve method. Nevertheless, To values of four data sets of HAZ materials, including two Mini-C(T) datasets and two 0.5T-C(T) datasets, showed larger variation than that of the base metals or the weld metal. The crack initiation sites of HAZ specimens were all within so-called fine grain HAZ. However the HAZ width near the crack initiation site was dependent on the individual specimens. Higher fracture toughness tended to be gained from the specimens with narrower HAZ width. The resulting To values for HAZ material were close to or lower than that for base metals. The results suggest that the HAZ material gives equivalent or higher fracture toughness than in base metals.

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Yamamoto, Masato, Akihiko Kimura, Kunio Onizawa, Kentaro Yoshimoto, Takuya Ogawa, Yasuhiro Mabuchi, Hans-Werner Viehrig, Naoki Miura und Naoki Soneda. „A Round Robin Program of Master Curve Evaluation Using Miniature C(T) Specimens: 3rd Report — Comparison of T0 Under Various Selections of Temperature Conditions“. In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28898.

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The Master Curve approach for the fracture toughness evaluation is expected to be a powerful tool to ensure the reliability of long-term used RPV steels. In order to get sufficient number of data for the Master Curve approach coexistent with the present surveillance program for RPVs, the utilization of miniature specimens, which can be taken from broken halves of surveillance Charpy specimens, is important. CRIEPI developed the test technique for the miniature C(T) specimens (Mini-CT), whose dimensions are 4 × 10 × 10 mm, and verified the basic applicability of Master Curve approach by means of Mini-CT for the determination of fracture toughness of typical Japanese RPV steels. A round robin program is organized in order to assure the robustness of the testing procedure to the difference in testing machines or operators. The first and second round robin tests (PVP2012-78661 [1], PVP2013-97936 [2]) suggested that the reference temperature T0 evaluation technique by Mini-CT specimen potentially is fairly robust in regard to difference in testing machines and operators, and gives similar loading rate dependency to the larger C(T) specimens. As the final year of the round robin program, “blind tests” were carried out. Here, detailed material information such as the type of materials, estimated T0, existing fracture toughness data for the material, were not given with the specimen, and 6 organizations independently selected the test temperature based on Charpy full curve of the tested material. The selection of test temperature has the variation of −120 °C to −150 °C among the organizations. 8 to 20 specimens in a set were subjected to the Master Curve evaluation and all the 6 organizations successfully obtained valid T0. The scatter range in T0 was at most 16 °C, which was within the acceptable scatter range specified in ASTM E1921-10e1. The selection of test temperature seems to give limited effect as like as that in larger specimens.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Miniature test specimens"

Howard, Richard H., und Kurt R. Smith. Development of a Flexible Design for Irradiation of Miniature Tensile and Charpy Test Specimens in the High Flux Isotope Reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1460197.

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