Thematische Bibliographien / Mines and mineral resources – Valuation

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mines and mineral resources – Valuation“

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Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mines and mineral resources – Valuation"

Matyukha, Vоlоdуmуr. „GRAPHOANALYTICAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE COST ESTIMATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS“. Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, Nr. 6(25) (2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2019/6(25)/11.

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The importance of cost estimation of mineral resources in modern economic theory is noted in the article. It is noted that all currently existing methodical and methodological approaches to the valuation of minerals by their economic nature are in fact an analysis of the economic feasibility of realization of investment projects for the development of deposits, which actually answers the question: is the investment project for the development of the field economically viable. Based on the analysis of literary sources, it is established that at the present stage of development of the world economy, the interest in the economic evaluation of the efficiency of development of mineral resources is not waning. However, methodological approaches are different and there is still no unity in them. Experts point out that the current methods require improvement due to the low accuracy of calculations, since the size of the cost estimate depends on the amount of rental payments for the use of mineral resources in mining and the starting price of the sale of a special permit for the development of deposits at auction. For the first time in the economic theory economics, a graphoanalytic method for the cost estimation of mineral deposits has been proposed. The features of this methodological approach based on integral calculus, including the integration of continuous functions, as well as the method of discounting cash flows with simultaneous consideration of the life cycle scheme of deposits, namely mining and geological conditions of mining are opened. The step-by-step sequence of realization of the proposed method is resulted. It is stated that this approach will allow to obtain a more exact cost estimate of a deposit or subsoil by taking into account the following factors: the life of the deposit, the market conditions of the mineral resources, capital and current expenses connected with extraction of minerals and costs of the subsoil user in the post-mining a period of time related to the closure of mines and quarries and the reclamation of disturbed lands formed during the extraction of minerals.

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Verekh-Belousova, Ekaterina, und Tamila Titova. „The possibility of processing rock dump of the Luhansk region coal mines: environmental and geochemical justification“. Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, Nr. 3 (20.09.2018): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-463-470.

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Objective: To justify ecologically and geochemically rock dump processability of the Luhansk region coal mine for obtaining metals. Methods: The common methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis of debris, soil and vegetation samples as well as the valuation methods of ecological situation were applied. Results: The research data on migration of heavy metals to soils contiguous to dump and in the “soilplant” system were presented. The type of ecological situation when heavy metals pollute vegetation was established. The main cause of heavy metals migration is in the processes of chemical and biochemical oxidation of sulﬁde minerals being a part of stock debris as well as the processes of sulfuric acid formation. It was shown that debris contained a large number of metals with ferrous oxide, aluminum and silicon prevailing. While the debris of coal mines could be regarded as lean aluminum raw material. Practical importance: It was suggested to use natural processes for the formation of sulfuric acid in debris for the purpose of biochemical oxidation of aluminum as the main method of reducing the environmental impact and rational use of natural resources.

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Schweizer, Claudia, und Johannes Seidl. „AMI Boué's (1794-1881) Valuation of Geological Research Regarding its Application to Human Civilisation“. Earth Sciences History 30, Nr. 2 (15.11.2011): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.30.2.g4n153q313816760.

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Ami Boué held a holistic view in his approach to geological research. Thus, he emphasised the significance of geosciences for the development of civilisation and in several publications he outlined the connections between geological knowledge and understanding the development of civil infrastructure and agriculture. In the present paper, special consideration is given to Boué's approach to mineralogy and mining, both closely linked to geological knowledge, as well as to his construction of two geological maps of the terrestrial globe—the first of their kind. For these, he used his personal experience, his detailed knowledge of the geological literature, Elie de Beaumont's tectonic ideas, and numerous analogies between different parts of the world. He underscored the significance of mineralogy and mining in the era of industrialisation, but at the same time advised against too rapid an exploitation of mineral resources. By strongly promoting the training of miners in theoretical geological knowledge he tried to prevent worthless mining enterprises.

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Zhang, Can, und Shiming Fang. „Identifying and Zoning Key Areas of Ecological Restoration for Territory in Resource-Based Cities: A Case Study of Huangshi City, China“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 7 (02.04.2021): 3931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073931.

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Resource-based cities are cities that depend on the exploitation and primary processing of natural resources, such as minerals, metals, and oil, and whose rise and development are highly dependent on resources. Due to over exploitation, many problems related to ecosystem degradation have been caused. Ecological restoration of land space is urgent. One of the difficulties in carrying out ecological restoration of territorial space lies in the identification of key areas for ecological restoration and diagnosis of regional ecological problems. In this study, we applied the spatial assessment of ecological sensitivity and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to quantitatively analyze the overall ecosystem in Huangshi city so as to delimit the ecological restoration division of Huangshi City. The results showed that: (1) The overall distribution rule is that vegetation, such as that in mountains and forests, is dense, the sensitivity around water and wetlands is high, and the distribution of mines in Huangshi is high. (2) For the period 1980–2018, the habitat quality index of Huangshi was good, with a slight decreasing trend. The simulated habitat quality distribution was consistent with the region-dominated land cover type. (3) Huangshi formed a spatial pattern with natural protected areas as the priority protection areas, mining areas as the key restoration areas, and natural protected areas and mining areas as the general restoration areas. (4) During the period of 1980–2018, the water management of Huangshi generally improved, which indicates that the water pollution control in Huangshi had a positive effect. The results of this study can provide some reference for the green transformation development and ecological restoration of resource-based cities.

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Wilson, Marc L. „New Mexico: Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Mineral Museum: SOCORRO“. Rocks & Minerals 67, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1992): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1992.9926501.

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Jain, Pradeep Kumar. „Valuation of mineral resources with special reference to India“. Mineral Economics 31, Nr. 3 (30.10.2017): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-017-0120-0.

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Wang, Wei Zhi, und Chun Guang Yang. „Comprehensive Utilization and Resources of Gold Mining Tailings“. Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (Juni 2011): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1438.

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The gold mine discharges tailings massively every day,which results in gold and useful metal draining,simultaneously brings the enormous harm to the environment The approach to comprehensive utilization of tailings of gold mines, including recycle of usable mineral and direct use of ore tailings,is analyzed in the paper, laying a foundation for continuous development of gold mines，comprehensive utilization of resource，and protection of environment.

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Uberman, Robert. „Valuation of Mineral Resources in Selected Financial and Accounting Systems“. Natural Resources 05, Nr. 09 (2014): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.59045.

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Meng, Xian Fu. „Discussion on Geological and Geochemical Methods for Prospecting at Surrounding of Crisis Mines“. Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (Dezember 2012): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.246.

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As the supply situation of the mineral resources is gradually worse, the subject of resources crisis mines is becoming a hot topic at domestic related research fields. Prospecting potentiality of crisis mines is an enormous. But how to find new deposits in deep and surrounding of crisis mines by using the data of geology, deposits exploration and adopting resonable prediction manner is a very urgent problem which confronts with mining industry. Author analyze the regional metallogenic geological setting, predicate and evaluate surrounding favorable region by similarity analogy principle and research data of geochemistry which obtain from mining. This may provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis to other crises mines deep and surrounding resources exploration.

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Zhou, Xue Lian. „Development and Utilization of Circular Economy and Urban Mining - Chengdu City Based Renewable Resource Industry Survey“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (Juni 2015): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.644.

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Along with the process of economic growth and urbanization, China has entered a peak period of electronic appliances and automotive industry products obsolescence. On one hand, municipal waste disposal is increasing and causing environmental pollution and damage; on the other hand, native mineral resources’ exhaustion has increased year by year along with exploitation difficulty and mineral resources import growth. Meanwhile, urban industrial scrap, aka "urban mines", does contain abundant of renewable resources, such as copper, iron, and aluminum. Therefore, based on the theory of circular economy, the exploitation of these "urban mines" is the key strategic industry of China’s "12th five-year plan". This paper is based on the survey of Chengdu city regeneration resources industry situation. We analyzed the current status of regeneration resources recycling industry in Chengdu city, finding problems such as the number of existing garbage collection stations inadequate for renewable resources, and processing technology out of date. Generally speaking, the renewable resources industry in Chengdu is under developed.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Mines and mineral resources – Valuation"

ROBERTS, MARK CULMER. „THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE INTENSITY OF USE METHOD OF MINERAL CONSUMPTION FORECASTING (MINERAL, ECONOMICS)“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187962.

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The intensity of use of a mineral is traditionally defined as the consumption (production plus net imports) of the mineral divided by gross national product. It has been proposed that this ratio of raw material input to gross economic output is a predictable function of per capita income and that the relationship is based on economic theory. Though the theory has never been clearly defined, the intensity of use method has been used to make long term forecasts. This dissertation formulates a theoretical model of the consumption of minerals and the resulting intensity of use which is used to test the validity of the traditional intensity of use measure and its forecasting ability. Previous justifications of the intensity of use hypothesis state that changes in technical efficiency, substitution rates among inputs, and demands are explained by per capita income, which, as it grows, produces a regular intensity of use pattern. The model developed in this research shows that the life of the goods in use, foreign trade of raw and final goods, prices, consumer preferences, technical innovations, as well as the above factors fully explain economic use, which is not simply a function of per capita income. The complete model is used to restate the traditional theory of intensity of use and to examine the sensitivity of traditional measures to changes in the explanatory variables which are commonly omitted. The full model demonstrates the parameters that must be examined when making a long term forecast. Regular intensity of use patterns are observed for many minerals in many nations. Setting aside the theoretical questions, the intensity of use method is often used to make long term projections based on these trends in intensity of use as well as the trends in population and gross national product. This dissertation examines the forecasting ability of the traditional intensity of use method and finds that it is not necessarily an improvement over naive consumption time trend forecasts. Furthermore, it is unstable for very long term projections.

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Cai, Wenlong. „ZERO-ONE PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS OF MINE PRODUCTION SCHEDULING PROBLEMS“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275401.

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Webber, R. C. W. „Determining the physical and economic impact of environmental design criteria for ultra-deep mines“. Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07242006-105847/.

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King, Nelson Eng. „A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MINE EVALUATIONS“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275287.

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Gottschalk, Ethan Jermome. „Resource Debate in Southwest Alaska: The Bristol Bay Fishery and the Pebble Mine“. The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01222010-112628/.

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Bristol Bay, in Southwest Alaska, is the largest sockeye salmon fishery in the world. After an almost total collapse of salmon numbers in the mid 1970s, the salmon have returned and average in the tens of millions every year. The salmon play a vital economic, cultural, and subsistence role in the lives of the people who call Bristol Bay home. At present there is a plan to develop a low-grade, but substantial, mineral deposit that consists primarily of copper, gold, and molybdenum. The estimated value of the minerals present is more than $500 billion. This plan is known as the Pebble Project, and could involve an open-pit mine, a large area of block caving, as well as the creation of huge tailings ponds north of Lake Iliamna. The proposed site of the mine straddles a drainage divide that affects two major watersheds that feed the Bristol Bay fishery. A resource debate is at hand which places the development of the mineral deposit at odds with the health of the fishery.

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Fountaine, ELise V. „Computer aided underground mine design and drafting package“. Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182785891.

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Lavoie, Sébastien. „Géologie de la mine East-Sullivan, Abitibi-Est, Val-d'or, Québec /“. Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Scheppele, Ryan Hall. „Wingbeat modulation detection of honey bees using a continuous wave laser system“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/scheppele/ScheppeleR0806.pdf.

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Li, Zhongxue. „Determining the size and life of underground coal mines“. Diss., This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022008-063243/.

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Pan, Guocheng. „Concepts and methods of multivariate information synthesis for mineral resources estimation“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184946.

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This study introduces a new methodology referred to as geoinformation synthesis for multivariate evaluation of mineral resources and integration of diverse geoscience data. The most critical component is the development of the notion of intrinsic samples and the methods for their delineation. Intrinsic samples replace grid cells which are conventionally employed as the basic information reference. Grid cell sampling has imposed several serious limitations on the geoscience and genetic information that can be objectively related to mineral endowment. Methods based upon intrinsic samples moderate to a certain extent these problems and bring the critical genetic information into the geoscience information system which forms the basis for the quantitative evaluation of mineral resources. The second major component in this new methodology is the integration of factors describing exploration effects with other geodata and mineral endowment estimation; this combination effectively reduces the possibilities of biases in the estimates of mineral endowment and recoverable resources due to the incomplete knowledge on the control area and imperfect analogy with the study areas. The third component is the use in the qualitative models of synthesized geoinformation, which is considerably enhanced, instead of using directly the original measurements (geodata). Several multivariate techniques are proposed and employed for synthesis of diverse information and estimation of mineral endowment, including a priori weighted multivariate criterion, optimum discretization, coherency analysis, multidimensional scaling method (p(ijk), filtering analysis, and geochemical transportation models. These methods were developed, tested, and demonstrated on an actual case study of the epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Walker Lake quadrangle of Nevada and California using various data sets available for this region: geochemical, structural, gravity and magnetic, lithology, and alteration. Finally, the estimation of endowment in terms of epithermal gold-silver mineral occurrences is given for some selected intrinsic samples or information zones identified in the Walker Lake region.

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Bücher zum Thema "Mines and mineral resources – Valuation"

The mining valuation handbook: Mining and energy valuation for investors and managment. 3. Aufl. Australia: Wrightbooks, 2009.

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Rudenno, Victor. The mining valuation handbook: Mining and energy valuation for investors and managment. 3. Aufl. Australia: Wrightbooks, 2009.

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Rudenno, Victor. The mining valuation handbook. 2. Aufl. Camberwell, Vic: Wrightbooks, 2004.

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Rudenno, Victor. The mining valuation handbook. Melbourne: Wrightbooks, 1998.

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Lingkungan, Indonesia Asisten Deputi Ekonomi. Panduan valuasi ekonomi kegiatan pertambangan. Jakarta: Asisten Deputi Ekonomi Lingkungan, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, 2011.

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A, Mat︠s︡ko N., Hrsg. Dostupnostʹ mineralʹno-syrʹevykh resursov. Moskva: Nauka, 2004.

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R, Evans James. Guidelines for fair market value (fmv) appraisal of mineral interests. 2. Aufl. Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, California State Office, 2003.

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Kuang chan zi yuan chu liang he cha yu ping gu. Beijing: Di zhi chu ban she, 2010.

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CIM Mineral Economics Committee Symposium (6th 1991 Toronto, Ont.). Back to basics: Valuation of mineral properties and companies : 6th Mineral Economics Symposium--1991, January 17, 1991, Toronto, Ontario. [Canada: CIM, 1991.

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Mining Millennium 2000 (Toronto, Ont.). Mineral property valuation proceedings: Papers presented at Mining Millennium 2000, at a joint meeting of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) and the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada : [March 8, 2000, Toronto, Ontario, Canada]. Montreal, Que: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 2000.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Mines and mineral resources – Valuation"

Qi, Fanyu, Xiaolei Li, Yuntao Shang, Jie Meng, Xuezheng Gao, Zhaoyu Kong, Haixin Li und Haifei Yan. „Significance of the Building of National Mineral Deposit Database of China (2020)“. In Atlas of Mineral Deposits Distribution in China (2020), 5–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0972-5_3.

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AbstractData are fundamental strategic resources of a country and are considered as “diamond mines” in the twenty-first century. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has pointed out that big data is the next stage of informatization development and has significant and profound impacts on the economic development, social progress, and people's lives worldwide.

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Traoré, Pierre A., und Olle Ostensson. „2. Strategies for Development of Small/Medium Scale Mines in Africa; An Integrated Participatory Framework for the Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Context of Sustainable Development — The Case of Namaqualand, South Africa“. In Mining on a Small and Medium Scale, 17–34. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445489.002.

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Roberts, Patrick. „The Tropical ‘Anthropocene’ A Modern Battleground or a Long-Term Framework?“ In Tropical Forests in Prehistory, History, and Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818496.003.0012.

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Although referencing temperate, rather than tropical, rainforest destruction in the United States of America the above passage highlights the shift in landscape valuation driven by modern demographic and economic pressures. Firstly, as a greater proportion of the world’s population shifts to the tropics over the course of the twenty-first century, more and more local smallholders will rely on tropical forests as a source of freshwater, agricultural land, and urban land, as well as timber, medicine, and food (Ghazoul and Sheil, 2010; The State of the Tropics Project, 2016). Furthermore, rather than solely being contexts for local subsistence and use, tropical forests are now also national and international ‘mines’ that provision high value wood, minerals, fuels, and land for multi-national businesses and markets. Notions that tropical forests should be removed, rather than managed or maintained, in order to increase local productivity and land value, have led to them becoming the most threatened terrestrial environments on the face of the Earth after the polar ice-caps. Certainly, the increasingly dramatic impacts these pressures are having upon them form part of broader discussions of a new, human-driven era of earth systems domination known as the ‘Anthropocene’ (Malhi et al., 2014). Disproportionate biodiversity, the regulatory role these habitats play in local and regional soil structure and chemistry, and their position within local, regional, and even global climate systems mean that human alterations to tropical forests, that have been argued to have changed in nature and scale since the European industrial revolution of the eighteenth century and the ‘Great Acceleration’ of the 1960s, have massive implications for the planet as a whole (Malhi et al., 2014; Malhi, 2017). As a result, tropical forests are a focal political, economic, and cultural battlefield between local populations reliant upon living within them, and business and governmental interests seeking to extract from them. This chapter explores the tensions that exist in the human occupation and use of global tropical forest regions today, including the advance of urbanism and industrialization, exploitation of mineral, floral, and faunal resources by local groups and multi-national corporations, and their key position in discussions of anthropogenically induced climate change.

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Singer, Donald, und W. David Menzie. „Mineral Resources and Society“. In Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.003.0005.

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Modern society cannot live without electric and electronic products, concrete, glass, fertilizers, ceramics, motor vehicles, airplanes, refrigerators, stoves, and medical equipment, all of which are made with products of mining. In the 1950s and again in the 1970s there was serious concern about whether we would run out of mineral resources. This recurring theme is driven largely by the increasing amounts of mineral material produced from mines and used by society over time. One of the most striking aspects of the increasing quantities of mineral materials produced has been that prices of many minerals have been declining for more than 100 years. Historically, prices of nonfuel mineral materials have declined relative to consumer goods and wages (Barnett and Morse, 1963). The declining prices have had a positive influence on general economies of mineral users by reducing prices of the factors of production of finished goods. Because mineral commodities are the building blocks of so many industries and products, the declining prices reverberate throughout the economy. Declining mineral commodity prices have largely been due to the successes of mining engineers in repeatedly lowering mining and processing costs and of geologists in lowering discovery costs of mineral deposits. Demonstrating the variability of commodity prices, between 2003 and 2008 prices have dramatically increased, and in 2008 they declined again. Understanding how it is possible to have both increasing production and decreasing and more recently increasing and then decreasing prices of minerals is important to assessors and to decision-makers. Decision-makers, whether concerned about regional development, exploration, or land management, are faced with the dilemma of obtaining new information, or allowing or encouraging others to obtain it, and the possible benefits and costs of development if mineral deposits of value are discovered. The intent in this chapter is to provide decision-makers and assessors a modern perspective on the geologic controls of mineral supply and demand and on the importance to supply of different kinds of mineral deposits and occurrences.

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Krige, D. G., und W. Assibey-Bonsu. „Valuation of recoverable resources by Kriging, direct condition or simulation“. In Computer Applications in the Mineral Industries, 3–8. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078661-1.

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Pera, Krystian. „Application of WTP and WTA Categories in Valuation of Natural Resources“. In Economic Evaluation and Risk Analysis of Mineral Projects, 29–35. Taylor & Francis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415461269.ch5.

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Singer, Donald, und W. David Menzie. „Economic Analysis“. In Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.003.0008.

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Estimated undiscovered mineral resources are based on grade-and-tonnage models made up of deposits of varying economic viability (chapter 6). Many deposits used in grade-and-tonnage models have not been developed because they cannot yet be mined economically. Although technological advances act over time to lower mining costs and environmental impacts, thereby allowing formerly uneconomic deposits to become operating mines, some deposits in these models might “never” be mined for one or more of a variety of reasons, including relatively low tonnages and grades, deep burial, or occurrence in or near environmentally sensitive areas. Few nonacademic problems related to mineral resources are resolved by knowing the amount of metal that exists in some piece of land. Mineral policy issues and problems typically revolve around the effects of minerals that might be economically extracted. This is true if the problem concerns exploring or developing minerals, values of alternative uses of the land, or environmental consequences of minerals development. In resource assessments of undiscovered mineral deposits and in the early stages of exploration, including planning, a need for prefeasibility cost models exists. In exploration, these models separate economic from uneconomic deposits to help focus on targets that can benefit the exploration enterprise. In resource assessment, these cost models can be used to eliminate deposits that would probably be uneconomic even if discovered and allow estimation of the social value of the resources. Data used in grade-and-tonnage models do not necessarily represent economic deposits. Many of the deposits used in the models were found not to be economic and were not mined, whereas other deposits were mined long ago under economic conditions that no longer exist. In this chapter we briefly explore some alternative measures of value used in assessments and then develop the basis for simplified economic filters to separate the clearly economic from the clearly uneconomic deposits. The equations used are not difficult, but they require care in their application because many of the apparently small cost factors can have large effects on the final economic discrimination.

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Gordon, Robert B., und Patrick M. Malone. „Fuel and Materials“. In The Texture of Industry. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195058857.003.0014.

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As American entrepreneurs enlarged their undertakings and began to shift them from waterpowered shops in the countryside to factories in the cities, they created a demand for new sources of energy and larger quantities of raw materials. The coal and, later, oil that they used to power their factories were brought to manufacturing centers on canals and railways and by coastal or river shipping. They used the wood and water resources of North America more heavily than ever, but they also created new kinds of workplaces. Their workplaces in the coal and oil fields, on canals and railways, in mills that made iron with mineral coal, and in the nonferrous-metal mines and mills were outside any previous experience of American artisans. Often, these workplaces were not adequately described or recorded before they were replaced. Material evidence helps us fill this gap in the historical record. In mining anthracite, both miners and mine operators faced a complex underground environment where there were few reliable clues to guide their work (Chapter 4). Geologists could help little, and, as anthracite was not much used elsewhere in the world, mining expertise could not be easily borrowed; instead, mining methods were developed through experience and error on the part of individual miners. The technological and social practices that endured in anthracite mining were largely established in the years between 1827 and 1834 by inexperienced adventurers whose aim was to obtain coal quickly and with the least trouble. Many of these practices were later adopted in underground bituminous mines. We can reconstruct a picture of the work of anthracite miners from study of the remaining mines, artifacts, and accounts of mine operation. Each breast in a mine was worked by a miner, who was paid on piece rate. He directed and paid one or two helpers, for whom he provided the necessary tools and supplies. They reached the breast where they worked by walking through the haulage ways and gangways that were the common ground in the mine.

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Mitchell, Peter. „New Worlds for the Donkey“. In The Donkey in Human History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749233.003.0013.

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One of the signature historical phenomena of the past 500 years has been the global expansion of European societies and their trans-Atlantic offshoots. The mercantile networks, commercial systems, and empires of conquest and colonization that formed the political and economic framework of that expansion involved the discovery and extraction of new mineral and agricultural resources, the establishment of new infrastructures of transport and communication, and the forcible relocation of millions of people. Another key component was the Columbian Exchange, the multiple transfers of people, animals, plants, and microbes that began even before Columbus, gathered pace after 1492, and were further fuelled as European settlement advanced into Africa, Australasia, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Donkeys evolved in the Old World and were confined there until the Columbian Exchange was underway. This chapter explores the introduction of the donkey and the mule to the Americas and, more briefly, to southern Africa and Australia. In keeping with my emphasis on seeking archaeological evidence with which to illuminate the donkey’s story, I omit other aspects of its expansion, such as the trade in animals to French plantations on the Indian Ocean islands of Réunion and Mauritius or, on a much greater scale, India to meet the demands of the British Raj. These examples nevertheless reinforce the argument that mules and donkeys were instrumental in creating and maintaining the structures of economic and political power that Europeans and Euro- Americans wielded in many parts of the globe. From Brazil to the United States, Mexico to Bolivia, Australia to South Africa, they helped directly in processing precious metals and were pivotal in moving gold and silver from mines to centres of consumption. At the same time, they aided the colonization of vast new interiors devoid of navigable rivers, maintained communications over terrain too rugged for wheeled vehicles to pose serious competition, and powered new forms of farming. Their contributions to agriculture and transport were well received by many of the societies that Europeans conquered and their mestizo descendants. However, they also provided opportunities for other Native communities to maintain a degree of independence and identity at and beyond the margins of the European-dominated world.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Mines and mineral resources – Valuation"

Gao, Yan-yan, und Guo-liang Huang. „Notice of Retraction: Valuation of Mineral Resources, Cost and Sustainable Development“. In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448594.

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Anwar, Jamal, Sana Sabir, Sumit Kumar Ahirwar, Nisha Rani und K. V. Krishnamurthy. „Study on Spectral Signature of Kaolinite {Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄} from Bageshpura Clay Mines, Hassan District of Karnataka“. In Future Challenges in Earth Sciences for Energy and Mineral Resources. Geological Society of India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2016/95910.

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Portella, Ricardo B., Luiza F. Andrade, Tomazo Garzia Neto und Nelson Coelho. „Single-Pour/Single Pass Loading: An Innovative Concept for a New Generation of Ore Carriers“. In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49589.

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Bulk Carriers have been developed since 1950 to carry large quantities of non-packed commodities such as grains, coal and iron ore. Nowadays, there are some 5,000 bulk carriers around the world and this number points to some concerns that affect owners of these types of ship and ports. One of these problems is the big waiting time at the ports that reaches 12% of the global fleet around the world at any given moment. At Brazilian iron ore ports the time waiting average was of 6–8 days during 2006–2008. A concrete example is the VALE operation that responds from mineral resources exploration to mineral resources delivery, passing through mines, railroads, seaport terminals and shipping business, forming a logistic chain that can not be interrupted by the expected growth in trade and consequent port congestion. In view of this, PROJEMAR and VALE faced the challenge of designing ore carriers in such a way that it would not interfere with the logistics chain by delaying other ships at the loading or discharge terminal. As the cargo operation is taken as the initial point of the design conception, the expected final product is a ship able to safely take loading rates as high as 16,000 tons of ore per hour, with each hold loaded in one pour and the ship fully loaded in one pass, resulting in fewer pours into the holds of the ore carrier, faster loading operations and, consequently, a significant economy for the ship owner and for the port. The amount of extra steel needed over conventional designs: less than one percent. The fundamental idea of this new concept, which PROJEMAR calls “single-pour, single-pass” design, is a method of ballast control that is synchronized with the cargo loading, scientifically deballasting the ship during loading in a way that balances the forces induced by the incoming cargo. Potential hull loading stress problems can occur due to the manner in which ore cargoes are loaded and due to the amount of cargo which is loaded in an individual hold. To avoid the creation of any unacceptable stresses in the ship’s structure, loading studies considering the planning of cargo loading and discharging operations, maximum allowable and minimum required mass of cargo for each hold and for adjacent holds as a function of the draught at mid-hold position in form of hold mass curves, calculations of still water shear forces and still water bending moments for each port loading condition and structural analysis are required to be developed on the early design stages. This ship loading concept is creating a new generation of ore carriers in such a way that the main class societies are nowadays developing new specific class notation dedicated to these ships. The purpose of this paper is to present the “single-pour, single pass” concept development and how it has been applied to the design of the new 400,000 DWT ore carriers that are being built for VALE in Chinese and Korean shipyards, and to the 80,100 DWT Bauxite Carrier that are being built for LOG-IN in Brazil. The “single-pour, single pass” concept was also partially considered on the design of 12 VLCCs that are being converted to VLOCs for VALE in China with PROJEMAR’s design.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Mines and mineral resources – Valuation"

Szumigala, D. J., und R. C. Swainbank. Map of selected mines, coalfields, and significant mineral resources of Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/742.

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Summerfield, Daisy. Australian Resource Reviews: Manganese Ore 2020. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781922446541.

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Britt, Allison, und Anthony Senior. Australian Resource Reviews: Antimony 2020. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781922446534.

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