Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Minéraux – Détérioration“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Minéraux – Détérioration"
RÉMOND, Didier. „Quelle place pour les produits animaux dans l’alimentation de demain ?“ INRA Productions Animales, 05.06.2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.2.2500.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Minéraux – Détérioration"
Aranda, Berenger. „Réactivité et durabilité à base de sulfate de calcium et de liants minéraux classiques“. Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKerysten® is a calcium sulfate binder product by “flash calcination”. The binder is originally made of γ-anhydrite (CaSO4) and hemihydrate (CaSO4. 0,5H2O). These two phases form a complex grain which leads to one stable state and two metastable states. To compare the settings of the Kerysten® and a plaster of Paris, we have synthesized both materials with the same quantity of water and the same quantity of retarding admixture. The Kerysten® reacts faster with water than the plaster of Paris. The mechanical properties of the Kerysten® are more important than these of the plaster of Paris. These differences are due to the complex grains of the Kerysten®. We have hydrated a mixture of 70% of Kerysten® and 30% of Portland cement. During the setting, gypsum skeleton has been formed first. This phase has delayed the hydration of the cementitious phases which have precipitated into the porous system. In this material, Kerysten® improves the hardness of the material at early stage and cementitious precipitates improve mechanical strengths. We have studied mortars made with different ratios of Kerysten® and Portland cement. Mortars with small quantities of Portland cement between 5% and 20% have mechanical strengths as important as these of a 100% Portland cement mortar. Prismatic specimens have been made of the mixture of 70% of Kerysten® and 30% of Portland cement. Their durability has been studied under different conditions of chemical attacks: prismatic specimens have been dept in water, in chloride acid, in sulfuric acid and in ammonia sulfate acid for a period of 92 days. Attacks have provoked an important dissolution of calcium hydroxide and calcium sulfate of the materials. Then, calcium carbonate and gypsum have precipitated in the solution. The precipitates contained also cimentitious phases fallen from the porous system. The degradations have caused a strong decrease of the 3-points flexural strengths, whereas the compressive strengths and the hardness have less decreased. An addition of 30% of Portland cement in the Kerysten® improves the chemical resistant of the material. Thanks to Kerysten®, cimentitious phases have been less dissolved. Thanks to Portland cement, strengths stayed good
Picard, Laura. „Génomique de l'altération des minéraux par la souche bactérienne Collimonas pratensis PMB3(1)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn temperate regions, minerals and rocks represent one of the main sources of nutritive cations in the soil of low-input ecosystems such as forests. In such nutrient-poor and non-amended environments, the access and the recycling of nutritive cations are key processes for tree growth and productivity. However, these nutritive cations are almost inaccessible to the tree roots as they are entrapped into organic matter or into soil minerals and rocks. Consequently, the mineral weathering process is essential, as it allows the restauration of soil fertility and provides the inorganic nutrients for tree growth. Mineral weathering can be attributed to abiotic (temperature, pH, erosion…) or biotic (plants, fungi, bacteria…) processes. Among the biotic processes, bacteria are able to weather minerals by different mechanisms such as the production of protons (acidolysis) or the production of chelating molecules (complexolysis). However, genes and proteins involved in mineral weathering by bacteria are not yet elucidated. As part of this thesis, a bacterial Collimonas pratensis strain PMB3(1) was used as a model to identify genes involved in mineral weathering. This strain was isolated from oak mycorrhizosphere and is efficient in weathering minerals. In this thesis, the analysis of the genome of the strain PMB3(1) evidenced the absence of certain genes described in mineral weathering (such as PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenases) and highlighted the need to develop two complementary approaches: with and without a priori. (i) The without a priori approach, has been developed with the building of a mutant library with the insertion of a plasposon pOT-182. The screening of this mutant library on biotests miming mineral weathering allowed the selection of three mutants impacted in their mineral weathering ability. The characterisation of these mutants revealed mutations in different genes involved in a glucose/methanol/choline oxidoreductase (GMC) synthesis. Comparisons between wild type and mutants chemical compounds in the culture supernatants showed that this GMC was able to converts glucose to gluconate and produce protons, leading to the acidification of the medium and minerals acidolysis. (ii) The with a priori approach was the building of a mbaA mutant coding for a NRPS (non-ribosomal peptide synthetase) responsible of siderophore biosynthesis. The combined use of chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS) methods allowed to chemically characterize the siderophore as malleobactin X. Comparisons between wild ype and mbaA mutant strains revealed that the production of malleobactin was involved in mineral weathering by complexolysis in a strong buffered medium. Weathering tests performed with different mineral types in presence of two carbon sources (glucose or mannitol) and two media with different buffering capacities showed that the strain PMB3(1) was efficient to weather all tested minerals and that weathering molecules (GMC and malleobactin) had a similar effect whatever the mineral type. Furthermore, the carbon source and the buffering capacity had a strong influence on weathering molecules efficiency. Finally, preliminary results have been obtained on the regulation of genes and proteins according to inorganic nutrients availability and the presence of minerals by transcriptomic and proteomic technics. To conclude, this thesis (i) allowed the discovery of new genes involved in mineral weathering by bacteria, (ii) evidenced the influence of environmental factors in efficiency of molecular mechanisms involved in mineral weathering and used by bacteria
Stemmler, Sébastien. „Altération microbienne des minéraux dans les sols hydromorphes : incidence du couplage entre les cycles du carbone et du fer“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicrobial weathering phenomenons have been studied in 5 tropical waterlogged soils representing two sequences. The results show the fundamental role of the bacterial iron-reducing processes, where the bacterial activities coupled the biodegradation of organic matter and the reduction-dissolution of oxidised forms of iron. The bacterial ferri-reducing activities are significant and strong in the soils of the slopes and near the swamp (at a minor degree). In waterlogged conditions, the autochthonous bacterial communities grow by using the soil organic matter as carbon and energy sources, and transform them into bacterial biomass and soluble organic compounds. The ferric iron is used as electron acceptor, going to its reduction under the soluble ferrous form, that can be exported in the drainage waters. This weathering process appears to be a major phenomenon of the tropical soil evolution, in which iron plays an important role as cement of the structure, and can induce a non reversible degradation of the soil
Berthonneau, Jérémie. „Le rôle des minéraux argileux dans la dégradation de la pierre : application à la conservation de la "Pierre du Midi" en termes de durabilité et compatibilité des matériaux en oeuvre“. Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958572.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRauch, Mathieu. „Processus de minéralisation benthique au sein des systèmes sédimentaires intertidaux de Manche orientale“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Rauch.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWild, Bastien. „Changements microstructuraux et diversité microbienne associés à l'altération des silicates : influence sur les cinétiques de dissolution du laboratoire au terrain“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemical weathering of silicate minerals is central to numerous environmental and societal challenges. This study addresses the long-standing question of the inconsistency between field and laboratory estimates of dissolution kinetics, by revisiting current approaches of mineral reactivity. It is demonstrated that evolution of feldspar reaction rates are inaccurately describedby current kinetics rate laws, due to textural and structural changes occurring at the fluid-mineral interface over the course of the dissolution process. A novel method is developed to enable probing biogeochemical weathering rates in the field. Bacterial and fungal metagenomic data reveal that subtle reciprocal relationships are established between microorganisms and mineral substrates within the mineralosphere. This thesis emphasizes the impact of passivation phenomena on dissolution rates, under field-relevant reacting conditions and the incapacity of microorganisms to overcome the passivation barrier
Buchteile zum Thema "Minéraux – Détérioration"
Aguilera, Monica, Marie Balasse, Sébastien Lepetz und Véronique Zech-Matterne. „Amender les sols cultivés avec des fumiers et déchets domestiques : une origine multimillénaire pour un enjeu majeur du développement durable“. In Regards croisés: quand les sciences archéologiques rencontrent l'innovation, 51–72. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3790.
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