Dissertationen zum Thema „Milieux alcalins“
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Coste, Amaury. „Modélisation moléculaire de solutions silicatées en milieux alcalins“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis focused on the molecular modeling of alkaline silicate solutions. The originality of our approach is the use of classical molecular dynamics, which is suited to study equilibrium properties, to reactive systems. The aim of this work is to understand ion-ion interactions in of such electrolyte solutions. To this end, polarizable force fields have been developed to describe the solvation properties of the hydroxide anion and the silicate oligomers.First, the structural and thermodynamics properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of alkali hydroxide MOH (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) have been studied over a wide range of concentrations. Theoretical WAXS intensities calculated from our simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, we pointed out a weak association of the MOH ion pairs, even at high concentrations. This was confirmed by the calculations of the association constants of ion pairs (KMOH = 0.1 L mol-1) which are in good agreement with the data available in the literature. Further- more, based on the McMillan-Mayer potentials calculated from the molecular dynamics simulations, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to calculate the osmotic coefficients of MOH solutions.Then, we focused on the structural properties of alkaline solutions containing silicate oligomers, typically monomers (Si(OH)4, SiO(OH)-) and dimers (Si2O2(OH)5-, Si2O3(OH)42-). Thus, we first developed an "universal" force field allowing for describing a large number of silicate oligomers. These simulations highlighted a Na+ adsorption dependent on the silicate speciation and a low interaction between the hydroxide anions and the silicates.Finally, by taking into account the connectivity of silicon atoms (determined by 29Si NMR) and the average oligomer radius (determined by X-ray scattering measurements), we have simulated the behaviour of "real" experimental solutions, and we have explained the influence of the alkali’s nature on the structural and dynamical properties
Ouellet, Steeven. „Corrosion et protection du nickel en milieux aqueux faiblement alcalins“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26051/26051.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDerombise, Guillaume. „Comportement à long terme des fibres aramides en milieux neutres et alcalins“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00539927.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDerombise, Guillaume. „Comportement à long terme des fibres aramides en milieux neutres et alcalins“. Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENPC0913.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAramid fibres are high-performance fibres proposed in geotextiles for treated ground reinforcement and in ropes and cables for marine applications. This work aims at answering the durability issues raised by a prolonged exposure in alkaline grounds (pH9-pH11) or in sea water, and at giving a better insight into the degradation mechanisms. For that purpose, accelerated agings in laboratory have been performed for three types of aramid fibres in different environments. First, the fibres have been characterized at the macromolecular, structural, morphological and macroscopic scales. Some strength losses mainly associated to chain scissions phenomena have been highlighted for Twaron 1000 fibres aged in tap water, in sea water, at pH9 and at pH11. However, the tensile modulus remains stable in these conditions. The same multi-scales approach has been adopted for Technora T240 fibres which appear to be very stable in these aggressive environments. Then, the influence of the finish on the fibres durability has been shown: not only the finish limits the surface abrasion between fibres, but it can protect the fibres towards hydrolysis as well. Finally, the comparison of the mechanical properties evolutions of polyesters and aramid fibres aged in an alkaline environment reveals that the Technora T240 fibres are well-suited for alkaline ground reinforcement, because of their high stability towards hydrolysis. The second part of this work is dedicated to the study of viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviour of Twaron 1000 and Technora T200w fibres. The results indicate a significant influence of sea water immersion on the creep-recovery deformation, but the influence of aging on this behaviour is not obvious
Simard, Stéphan. „Étude des mécanismes de corrosion de l'acier doux 1024 en milieux légèrement alcalins“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26401.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMassot, Laurent. „Elaboration de carbure de tantale par voie électrolytique en milieux fluorurés alcalins fondus“. Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimard, Stéphan. „Étude des mécanismes de corrosion de l'acier doux 1024 en milieux légèrement alcalins“. Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenHocine, Sarah. „Adsorption des cations alcalins et phénomènes électrocinétiques sur les surfaces de silices chargéess“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT193/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn confined structures, such as mesoporous silica, the mobility of the cations and the surface/cations interactions are key phenomena. They drive adsorption properties, which control numerous applications, especially for extraction and separation. This modelling work describes equilibrium and transport interface properties that control ion exchange and ionic adsorption. The physical and chemical properties of adsorption processes of alkali cations at the surface of charged silica is studied thanks to a multiscale approach based on a molecular description. The systematic study of alkali serie (Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+) has been studied to that goal. The theoretical framework is Mc Millan-Mayer theory. The latter, which is known to be of fundamental significance for bulk solutions is found to be also relevant for confined media. The mean force potential of Mc Millan-Mayer between ions and surface sites has been calculated by Umbrella Sampling associated to the WHAM algorithm. The most important phenomenon we identified corresponds to the existence of Contact Ion Pairs (CIP) between the surface oxygen and the cations, without separating solvent molecules. The CIP correspond to the first minima in the potential curves if the associated energy is more than the thermal agitation (kT). For small ions (lithium) this surface complex is especially stable, adsorption constant and residence time being particularly high so that the direct molecular simulations are very difficult. A selectivity inversion has been observed between silanolates and siloxanes. Adsorption is different for kosmotropic ions (as Li+) which has to be dehydrated to be adsorbed and chaotropic ions (as Cs+) for which the solvent bound is weaker. Adsorption constants for sites of the same nature are not equal. The study of the electrokinetic phenomena (electro-osmosis and surface conductivity) has also been performed by comparing the classical descriptions (Poisson-Boltzmann, Smoluchowski, and Bikerman models) to molecular simulations. The traditional picture of the interface with several layers (inner and outer Helmholtz, Stern and Gouy-Chapman layers, shear plane) is found to be replaced by a simpler but more efficient model. For the ions, two domains are obtained: (i) CIPs, firmly bound to the surface that transmit the electrical force to the solid (and not the fluid) (ii) other ions that are globally free that transmit the electric force to the fluid. No space dependent viscosity or dielectric constant have been obtained. On the other hand, a decrease of ion mobility in the vicinity of the surface has been observed. This phenomenon can be quantitatively understood as a hydrodynamic effect that comes from the solid surface, which hinders the backflow of the solvent. This work allows a better characterization of charged glass-solution interfaces for separation science. It shows how molecular simulations can not only predict the parameters of macroscopic models (adsorption constant, transport coefficients), but also modify the latters in order to make them in agreement with molecular descriptions. Such a strategy can be extended to more complex systems, such as models of grafted surfaces
Depauw, Alexis. „Synthèse et étude photophysique de sondes fluorescentes pour la détection de cations alcalins en milieux aqueux“. Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD was to study fluorescent molecular sensors in order to detect cesium and potassium in aqueous media. Two different issues have been addressed: the detection of cesium traces for environmental applications, and the measure of potassium fluctuations for biological applications. The first part concerns the detection of cesium. Several complexing units were first studied, to measure cesium concentration between 1.10-3 and 5 ppm. Some of the molecules made were then used in a measuring system based on a micro-fluidic chip to measure cesium in a continuous way. The second part concerns the detection of potassium. The aim was to design sensors to measure extracellular potassium fluctuations by fluorescence imaging. A selective complexing unit was first found. Several strategies were then explored to replace a coumarin by a fluorophore excitable at higher wavelengths. Among the molecules made, the Calix-COU-Alcyne-Sulf enabled preliminary in vitro measurements and showed that this type of molecules does not affect the neuronal activity and enables to measure potassium in the range of concentration targeted
Delpech-Barrie, Françoise. „Délignification des pâtes cellulosiques et des végétaux par l'oxygène : milieux aqueux, alcalins et solvants organiques-eau“. Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndriambololona-Rajaokarivony, Zoé. „Etude de la réactivité de deux verres synthétiques, type laitier de haut fourneau, en milieux aqueux et alcalins“. Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593729f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAuzanneau, Isabelle. „Etude par spectrométrie Raman des milieux de solvatation et de leurs intéractions avec les protéines : application à la stabilité thermique des enzymes“. Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeto, Carlos de Pascoal. „Le bois d'Eucalyptus globulus Labill : délignification par les procédés alcalins et par solvolyse oxydante en milieux éthanol/eau et acide acétique/eau“. Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGallant, Danick. „Étude spectroélectrochimique de la corrosion du cobalt en milieux faiblement alcalins : base de la compréhension des mécanismes de corrosion des alliages de cobalt“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24755/24755.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFeynerol, Vincent. „Traitement de minerais de fer par lixiviation alcaline suivi de leur électrolyse en milieu alcalin“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn innovative ironmaking process by alkaline electrolysis of suspended iron oxides is being developed at ArcelorMittal Global R&D Maizières-lès-Metz. Were it to achieve industrial maturity, this process would permit a significant reduction of steelmaking CO2 emissions. Indeed, the use of carbon as a reducing agent in blast furnace would be replaced by electricity. Although this process enables iron production from commercial hematite (Fe2O3) at current density of 1000 A.m-2 with faradaic efficiency higher than 80%, these performances are systematically lower when using iron ore instead. The main impurities in these ores are aluminium and silicon oxides and hydroxides, these compounds are soluble in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions. These compounds could be the source of the decrease in reactivity observed when feeding the process with iron ores. To raise the electrolysis performance with iron ores, alkaline leaching treatments were conducted on a defined iron ore. Reactivity of iron ores before and after treatment was compared by chronoamperometry. Although the elimination of aluminous compounds resulted in the ore gaining a faradaic yield increase to a value of 80%, compared with 65% before treatment, its current density remained twice as low as the one of hematite for a same applied voltage. Furthermore, complementary experiments of aluminate and silicate ions addition during pure hematite electrolysis did not have any deleterious effect on its electrolysis. Based on all the experiments undertaken in this PhD, it seems unlikely that siliceous and aluminous impurities hold an important effect on iron ore reactivity in alkaline electrolysis. The process is nonetheless very sensitive to iron ores granulometry. On this subject, strong agglomeration phenomena were witnessed when measuring iron ores granulometry but did not occur with pure iron oxides. Therefore, it would seem that other phenomena may be the main cause of reactivity loss, these phenomena may well be linked to secondary granulometry of iron ores in concentrated alkaline media. In parallel, an advanced thermodynamic analysis was carried out to describe the best theoretical conditions for pressure, temperature and NaOH concentration to realize hematite electrolysis. Gangue compounds solubility was represented with Pitzer equations, and new parameters were calculated for Na-SiO3-Al(OH)4 interactions. This thermodynamic study enabled the design and pre-sizing of a treatment step for iron ores by alkaline leaching
Sylla, Diouldé. „Electrodéposition d'alliages zinc-manganèse en milieu alcalin“. La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeniès-Bultel, Laurence. „Réduction de l'oxygène moléculaire en milieu alcalin“. Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleALEXOPOULOS, HIRAKLITS. „Etude de la pile aluminium-chlore en milieu de chlorures alcalins fondus“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlexopoulos, Hiraklis. „Etude de la pile aluminium-chlore en milieu de chlorures alcalins fondus“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611180k.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Van Khu. „Préparation par voie électrochimique de nano-poudres de carbone en milieu carbonates alcalins fondus“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtmani, Hamid. „Corrosion électrochimique sous contrainte mécanique des aciers inoxydables en milieu de chlorures alcalins fondus“. Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtmani, Hamid. „Corrosion électrochimique sous contrainte mécanique des aciers inoxydables en milieu de chlorures alcalins fondus“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376024704.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDjoufac, Woumfo Emmanuel. „Comportement electrochimique de l'électrode de zinc en milieu basique concentré applications aux accumulateurs alcalins /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376132883.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Helloco Jean-Guy. „Étude de poudres électrocatalytiques pour le dégagement d'hydrogène en milieu alcalin“. Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBear, Nicolas. „Analyse thermique de la stabilité d'oxydes d'uranium et de leurs réactions avec des fluorures alcalins“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112280.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe conversion of uranium into uranium hexafluoride gas involves many chemical steps of the existing process. The objective of this study is to simplify these steps to produce the uranium fluoride directly in gaseous form by electrolysis of a salt of uranium dissolved in a molten fluoride salt mixture (mixture of potassium, sodium and lithium fluoride called FLiNaK). After a thermodynamic study on the feasibility of direct electrolytic production of uranium hexafluoride gas, the composition of the electrolytic bath is determined. Thermal analysis will allow to consider melts containing uranium compounds and alkali fluorides in determining the thermodynamic parameters and temperatures (melting, recrystallization) needed to define the optimal composition of the electrolytic bath
Djoufac, Woumfo Emmanuel. „Comportement électrochimique de l'électrode de zinc en milieu basique concentré et applications aux accumulateurs alcalins“. Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamma-Cugny, Hind. „Etude physicochimique de mélanges hydrogéno- et pyrosulfates alcalins pour la catalyse en milieu ionique fondu“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe SO2 oxidation process is mainly used in sulfuric acid production and flue gas desulfuration. This last aim is directly connected to the increasing demand for a better environment. The working catalyst associated to S02 pollution is usually described chemically by a melt system M2S2O7-MHSO4/V2O5 (M = alkali metal) in steady-state equilibrium with S03/S02/H20/N2/02. The physical chemistry of the molten salt which support the active phase of the catalvst is investigated, in order to contribute to the improvement of the catalytic process. Basic data regarding mixtures of alkali hydrogen-pyrosulfates have been obtained : enthalpy of mixing, conductivity and phase diagrams. A comparative study and a statistic model of thermodynamic mixing properties are presented
Siebentritt, Matthieu. „Adsorption de l'hématite et son électroréduction en fer en milieu fortement alcalin“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLemont, Sylvain. „Insertion électrochimique en milieu solide de cations alcalins dans des structures d'accueil carbonées (polyacétylène, graphite, fullerènes)“. Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10333.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrégoire, Yanick. „Électrolyse de l'eau en milieu alcalin à l'aide d'électrodes produites par plasma H.F“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ35735.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCôté, Josée-Anne. „Étude de l'oxydation de l'éthanol en milieu alcalin sur des catalyseurs de RuNi“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4774.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartin, Manuel. „Étude de l'adsorption et de l'absorption d'hydrogène dans le palladium en milieu alcalin“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrégoire, Yanick. „Électrolyse de l'eau en milieu alcalin à l'aide d'électrodes produites par plasma H.F“. Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenSeyeux, Antoine. „Etude par microscopie à effets tunnel in situ de la croissance et de la structure des couches passives sur nickel en milieu alcalin : effet des ions chlorures“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWERY-DE, PETRIS MARTINE. „Contribution a l'etude de l'electrozingage en milieu alcalin sur electrodes diperses/sensibilite a l'hydrogene“. Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuchateau, Anne. „Réduction par électrolyse de nanoparticules d’oxydes de fer en milieu alcalin à 110°C“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066533.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIron oxides play an important role in steel industry as precursors of iron. The current iron production process in blast furnaces is responsible for 3 to 5% of the world CO2 rejections. Reducing the iron oxides in suspension by electrolysis in strongly alkaline medium (18 M) at 110°C is a promising way to lower the CO2 rejections while improving steel production efficiency, that has been studied for years. The aim of this work is the determination of the most reliable oxide concerning metallic iron production and a more accurate comprehension of the electrolytic reduction mechanisms in order optimize the production process. The experiments are carried out on iron oxides nanoparticles (hematite, goethite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite, magnetite) synthesized according to well known methods which allow us to obtain perfectly defined objects concerning the structure, size and morphology. Hematite is the only oxide to be stable in the 18 M sodium hydroxide solution for a long lasting period. The ageing of the other iron oxides nanoparticles in hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution led to the formation of sodium ferrite NaFeO2, the transformation duration depending on the starting iron oxide. NaFeO2 precipitation competes with the reduction reaction and lead to less reproducibility and/or less good performances. Indeed, the dissolved ferric species are the intermediates of the reduction by electrolysis mechanism and ions consumption by NaFeO2 precipitation is obviously harmful to metallic iron production. The most reliable oxides are commercial Hematite particles because of the good yields and the important metallic iron weights obtained with reproducibility
Chanson, Claude. „Etude du comportement de l'électrode de fer en milieu alcalin : influence des ions sulfures“. Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10575.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChanson, Claude. „Etude du comportement de l'électrode de fer en milieu alcalin influence des ions sulfures“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375966067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Hachadi Ahmed. „Nucléation et croissance de la glace dans l'électrolyte LiCl, RH2O, R > 6, défini comme un milieu hétérogène composé de microdomaines d' "eau" et de LiCl,6H2O“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurtil, Laurence. „Comportement chimique de la silice vitreuse et de l'opale dans les milieux basiques : application à l'étude de la réaction alcali-granulat dans les bétons hydrauliques“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilva, Rodrigo Garcia da. „Synthèse de nanomatériaux de morphologie coeur@coquille : application à l'oxydation électrocatalytique d'alcools en milieu alcalin“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2274/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study proposes the synthesis of nanocatalysts based on palladium and platinum with high morphological organization and investigates their catalytic activity for the electrooxidation of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol in alkaline medium, seeking to understand the steps and mechanisms involved in these reactions. The nanomaterials were synthesized by the electrostatic self-assembly method and by the polyol microwave-assisted method. The goal was to obtain nanoparticles with morphology inspired by the core@shell-type systems, where the shell layer consists of platinum or palladium, and the core contains nickel, ruthenium, or tin. The electrocatalysts synthesized by the electrostatic self-assembly method were supported on Carbon Vulcan XC-72R or Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT, metal/carbon = 40:60). Morphology characterization data indicated uniform spherical shape nanoparticles with size ranging between 2 and 9 nm, besides, the specific morphology point to a particular degree of organization. However, the presence of the core@shell-type system was not confirmed through this analysis. CO-Stripping experiments demonstrated that the electrochemically active surface area of the bimetallic systems increased significantly, particularly for the nanocatalysts Ru@Pd/CNT and Ni@Pt/CNT, whose surface areas were 72.8 and 74.1 m²g-1Pd/Pt² respectively. Concerning the electrooxidation of C2 and C3 alcohols in alkaline medium (1.0 mol L-1 NaOH + 0.5 mol L-1 Fuel), M@Pt/CNT systems exhibited higher catalytic activity, especially when employing ethylene glycol as the fuel, which provided the highest catalytic current at constant potential (Eapp = -0.2 V vs. Hg/HgO/OH-). Specifically, the Ni@Pt/CNT nominal composition presented catalytic activity of 180 mA mg-1Pt. Electrochemical conversion studies were performed with the ethyleneglycol-Ru@Pt/CNT and glycerol-Ni@Pt/CNT systems, and after 12 hours of electrolysis, conversion reached values around 74% and 58%, respectively. Concerning the preferential mechanisms for glycerol electrooxidation, evaluated by liquid chromatography analysis, glycerate and tartronate ions were the major intermediates formed. The Ru@Pt/CNT nanocatalyst was selective for formate and oxalate ions. In addition, Ni@Pd/CNT generated mesoxalate ion during the reaction, suggesting a dual pathway for glycerol conversion, via tartronate and/or mesoxalate ions.The nanostructured materials synthesized by the polyol microwave-assisted method were supported on carbon Vulcan XC-72R with 20% wt. metallic loading. Briefly, the metal cores were synthesized separately for successive deposition of the noble metal, by employing the consecutive reductions technique. We investigated the palladium-based bimetallic catalysts, with ruthenium or nickel metallic cores, for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol (0.1 mol L-1) in alkaline medium (0.1 mol L-1 NaOH). Morphology characterization data indicated that Pd/C catalyst displayed different nanoparticle shapes, and particle size ranged from 3 to 40 nm. Ru@Pd/C and Ni@Pd/C displayed spherical shape with particle size between 2 and 7 nm and between 3 and 10 nm, respectively. Ni@Pd/C exhibited the higher activity towards ethylene glycol oxidation in alkaline medium, reaching values of about 80 mA mg-1Pd at the end of chronoamperometry experiments. Overall, combination of the results obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy in situ showed that oxidation of glycolate ion is the limiting step for ethylene glycol conversion in alkaline medium in the presence of palladium-based catalysts. Lower amounts of glycolaldehyde, glyoxylate, and oxalate ions emerged at the end of electrolysis procedure, and no carbonate arose
O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor a síntese de nanocatalisadores à base de paládio e platina com elevada organização morfológica e investigar a referente atividade catalítica ao promover a eletro-oxidação do etanol, etilenoglicol e glicerol em meio alcalino, buscando assim compreender as etapas e mecanismos envolvidos perante estas reações. Neste contexto, os nanomateriais foram sintetizados pelo método de automontagem eletrostática e pelo método de poliol assistido por micro-ondas. Estas metodologias foram selecionadas a fim de obter nanopartículas com morfologia inspirada em sistemas do tipo core@shell (núcleo@casca), empregando átomos de paládio ou platina localizados na casca sobre núcleos de níquel, rutênio ou estanho. Os eletrocatalisadores sintetizados via automontagem eletrostática foram suportados em Carbono Vulcan XC-72R ou Nanotubos de Carbono de paredes múltiplas, com razão metal:carbono igual a 40:60. As nanopartículas obtidas apresentaram tamanho que variou entre 2-9 nm, formato esférico em quase sua totalidade e morfologia que indicava a presença de um determinado grau de organização; entretanto não foi confirmada a presença de sistemas do tipo core@shell. Experimentos de CO-Stripping demonstraram um aumento significativo da área eletroquimicamente ativa dos sistemas bimetálicos, com destaque para os nanocatalisadores Ru@Pd/NTC e Ni@Pt/NTC que apresentaram valores de 72,8 e 74,1 m² g-1Pd/Pt² respectivamente. Perante a eletro-oxidação dos álcoois C2 e C3 em meio alcalino (1,0 mol L-1 [NaOH] + 0,5 mol L-1 [Combustível]), os sistemas que apresentaram atividade catalítica mais elevada foram M@Pt/NTC, destacando o etilenoglicol como o combustível que propiciou a maior corrente catalítica quando submetido a potencial constante (E = -0,2 V vs. Hg/HgO/OH-). Mais especificamente, a composição Ni@Pt/NTC apresentou ao final dos experimentos de cronoamperometria um valor de atividade catalítica da ordem de 180 mA mg-1Pt. Os estudos de conversão eletroquímica demonstraram que ao empregar os sistemas etilenoglicol-Ru@Pt/NTC e glicerol-Ni@Pt/NTC atinge-se valores de conversão eletroquímica da ordem de 74% e 58%, respectivamente, após 12 horas de eletrólise a potencial controlado. Quanto aos mecanismos preferenciais de eletro-oxidação do glicerol, avaliados empregando análises de cromatografia líquida, foi verificada a formação majoritária dos íons glicerato e tartronato. Pontualmente, o nanocatalisador Ru@Pt/NTC indicou seletividade para a produção de íons formato e oxalato. Contudo, o catalisador Ni@Pd/NTC propiciou a eletrogeração do íon mesoxalato, sugerindo uma rota dupla de conversão do glicerol, via formação de íons tartronato e/ou mesoxalato.Os materiais nanoestruturados sintetizados via metodologia poliol assistida por micro-ondas foram suportados em Carbono Vulcan XC-72R com carga metálica igual a 20%. Especificamente para este caso, foram sintetizados os núcleos metálicos separadamente, para posterior deposição do metal nobre, empregando a técnica de reduções consecutivas. Foram investigados catalisadores bimetálicos à base de paládio, com núcleos de rutênio ou níquel, para promover a eletro-oxidação do etilenoglicol (0,1 mol L-1) em meio alcalino (0,1 mol L-1 NaOH). As nanopartículas de Pd/C apresentaram diferentes formatos e intervalo de tamanho entre 3-40nm. Para os catalisadores Ru@Pd/C e Ni@Pd/C foram verificados sistemas esféricos com variação do tamanho de partículas entre 2-7 nm e 3-10 nm, respectivamente. Os nanomateriais de composição nominal Ni@Pd/C exibiram elevada atividade para oxidar as moléculas de etilenoglicol em meio alcalino, atingindo valores da ordem de 80 mA mg-1Pd ao final dos experimentos de cronoamperometria
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Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of waste glass as a reinforcement or binder (water glass solution) for the development of new materials requires a better understanding of the reactivity siliceous species in a basic medium. With this aim, two types of studies have been made: the alkaline attack of glass and the synthesis of consolidated materials based on silica gel. Tests (gravimetric and chemical measurements, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) as a function of various parameters (temperature, glass particle size, stirring, nature of the base, time. . . ) revealed that it was possible to control the glass dissolution and consequently the Si/Na molar ratio of the water glass solution. Studies of the consolidation of the granular systems consolidation (silica-sand-gel) have identified domains depending on the size of SiO2. The mechanisms of consolidation present a challenge between the drying by capillarity and polycondensation reactions due to a dissolution / precipitation mechanism of silica compounds
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Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLakhrissi, Brahim. „Synthèse et étude analytique de collecteurs adaptés à la flottation ionique du gallium en milieu fortement alcalin“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614891w.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHermann, Vincent. „Préparation et caractérisation d'électrodes à base de La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 perovskite : application à la réduction de l'oxygène en milieu alcalin /“. Lausanne, 2000. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenamira, Aziza. „Mise au point d'une synthèse, en milieu oxonitrates alcalins fondus, de poudres de hafnone pure ou stabilisée : caractérisation, frittage et essais mécaniques“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10304.
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