Dissertationen zum Thema „Migrations intérieures – Société – Chine“
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Wang, Jing. „Logiques des migrations intérieures en Chine et rationalité du système du Hukou“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn China, internal migrations are governed by the Hukou system. This system distinguishes between rural and urban residents and gives citizens' right to public service of the place of registration. We distinguish two types of migration depending on whether the individual was able to convert/transfer his/her Hukou during his/her moves: permanent and temporary migrations. This study will adopt a dichotomous and comparatist approach so as to have a more comprehensive view of internal migrations in China.First of all, we will analyze the determining factors of location purposes. The econometric result suggests that, compared to permanent migration, temporary moves are caused by variations in the labour market (wages, unemployment). Furthermore, the FDI inflows, and EVB (village enterprise) development are great incentives for temporary migration unlike permanent migration. Another observation is related to the attractiveness of autonomous minority regions for permanent migrants.Secondly, we wonder if both types of migration generate some differences in the individual profiles and the integration of workers. Permanent migrants are more qualified than urban residents, while temporary migrants are far behind them. As far as vocational integration is concerned, two indicators have been selected: access to employment and wages. The temporary workers earn 14 to 20% less than the others; their ratio in self-recruitment would otherwise be 34% lower but it would be 11% higher for the employee and 50% for the worker, all things being equal. On the other hand, the permanent migrants are only faced with low wage discrimination, and to a “positive discrimination” as far as access to employment is considered.At the end of the thesis, we will focus on the rationale of the Hukou system. The host towns resort to the Hukou system to attract permanent migrants in order to obtain the production factors they need: investment and skilled labour. Through temporary migration, they can take benefit from low-cost manpower without accepting the social costs. It is obvious that China has substantially gained by the contemporary Hukou system: food security, low-cost industrialization, and control over urban unemployment. However, the cost of maintaining it is increasingly worrying since it reinforces economic disparity, reduces domestic demand, and causes the policy to depart from aim of right and equality. In this case, it will be an opportunity to propose reforms while emphasising the role of the central government
Ting-Sheng, Lin. „Le régime de travail en Chine : enquêtes dans des usines taiwanaises en Chine côtière“. Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a sociological analysis of the migrant workers employed in the foreign capital factories, in the case of Taiwanese capital, established in the provinces of the Chinese maritime frontage. This work bases on field researches carried out in China between 1996 and 1999 in the provinces of Guangdong and Jiangsu. The analysis is focused on the migrant workers, natives of the interior provinces (Hunan, Sichuan and Jiangxi primarily): their motivations of migration, their status in the coastal areas, the ways they are finding these jobs, their social conscience. The apparatus of regulations of the productive activities, and the interactions within the framework in and out the process if work are studied from the specific elements of the Chinese world: the nature and the mechanism of the “relations” (guangxi) in the Chinese society, the function of the interpersonal networks which structure the universe of the migrant workers, simultaneously centrifugal and centripetal, their “traditional mentality”. By taking account of all these specific factors, decisives for the functioning of the Chinese society, and with the partial assistance of some sociological theories, this study measures the scale of conflicts and the practices of exclusion which devise the migrant workers
Wang, Jing. „Logiques des migrations intérieures en Chine et rationalité du système du Hukou“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn China, internal migrations are governed by the Hukou system. This system distinguishes between rural and urban residents and gives citizens' right to public service of the place of registration. We distinguish two types of migration depending on whether the individual was able to convert/transfer his/her Hukou during his/her moves: permanent and temporary migrations. This study will adopt a dichotomous and comparatist approach so as to have a more comprehensive view of internal migrations in China.First of all, we will analyze the determining factors of location purposes. The econometric result suggests that, compared to permanent migration, temporary moves are caused by variations in the labour market (wages, unemployment). Furthermore, the FDI inflows, and EVB (village enterprise) development are great incentives for temporary migration unlike permanent migration. Another observation is related to the attractiveness of autonomous minority regions for permanent migrants.Secondly, we wonder if both types of migration generate some differences in the individual profiles and the integration of workers. Permanent migrants are more qualified than urban residents, while temporary migrants are far behind them. As far as vocational integration is concerned, two indicators have been selected: access to employment and wages. The temporary workers earn 14 to 20% less than the others; their ratio in self-recruitment would otherwise be 34% lower but it would be 11% higher for the employee and 50% for the worker, all things being equal. On the other hand, the permanent migrants are only faced with low wage discrimination, and to a “positive discrimination” as far as access to employment is considered.At the end of the thesis, we will focus on the rationale of the Hukou system. The host towns resort to the Hukou system to attract permanent migrants in order to obtain the production factors they need: investment and skilled labour. Through temporary migration, they can take benefit from low-cost manpower without accepting the social costs. It is obvious that China has substantially gained by the contemporary Hukou system: food security, low-cost industrialization, and control over urban unemployment. However, the cost of maintaining it is increasingly worrying since it reinforces economic disparity, reduces domestic demand, and causes the policy to depart from aim of right and equality. In this case, it will be an opportunity to propose reforms while emphasising the role of the central government
Feng, Shuji. „Les Mingongs et la réforme politique en Chine“. Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relationship between the citizenship of peasant-worker (In Chinese : Mingong) and the political reform of the current China has been discussed. The Mingongs appeared at the same time with the reform of 1978. They are the elite of the Chinese countryside. They have been contributing much to the modern Chinese society. Floating between the countrysides and the cities, they belong to a special society which is marginalized by both the countryside and city. In general, they have been exploiting heavily and living in the miserable conditions. More and more Mingongs have been becoming the criminals. Their children, following them to enter cities or stay alone in the countryside, can not get enough care and help to grow up well. As part of the future of China, they are in danger. The society of Mingong is a dangerous society. Explosion is bad to everyone. China is a huge country and an old country. Unlike the leaders of the high level or the intellectuals of the middle-class, the amount of Mingong is shocking and impossible to ignore. They will definitely push the political reform of China strongly. If the leaders of the high level and the intellectuals of the middle-class control and help them well, the people's republic of China may reach democracy in peace its own way. The world needs to be patient to see the election, participation and supervision in politics appear in China. But first at all, there needs to appear a society of qualified citizen in China
Froissart, Chloé. „Quelle citoyenneté pour les travailleurs migrants en République Populaire de Chine ? : l'expérience de Chengdu“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rise of rural-urban migration triggered by the reintroduction of market forces in China is one of the biggest challenges that the Party-State has to face. The contradiction between economic reforms and the resilience of the socialist administrative system has given birth to a new social category: migrants workers, who appear as second class citizen in the cities of their own country. Mounting claims to citizenship as well as rising social, political and economic contradictions led the Chinese government to emphasize enforcing “legal rights” and to call for equal treatment to be granted to migrant workers and urban residents alike. However, the Party manages to adapt while maintaining a segmented, local and top-down conception of citizenship. Public policies for migrant workers’ integration into urban area maintain the principle of inequality, while also redefining the nature of status and social stratification. The new discourse of the Party about creating a “rule by law” and protecting migrant’s rights has given rise to a struggle for the acknowledgement and the guaranty of civic rights. However, this struggle eventually fails to redefine political membership as universal and to gain more autonomy from the state
Hering, Laura. „L' économie géographique de la Chine et du Brésil : accès aux marchés, migration et salaires“. Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMu, Wei. „Les Nongmingong à Chongqing : transformation de la culture sociale en Chine“. Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/178305707#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRural migrants are called nongmingong in China. This name is stigmatizing designation of rural migrants who provide most of the precarious labor that contributes to the urbanization of the country since the 1980s. This thesis deals with the collective identity and social bonds, the main causes of many Chinese political and social problems, including the problem of nongmingong. The many political and social changes that follow the last ten years are directly or indirectly to the development of the private company in the form of liberal economy. The analysis of words and Nongmingongs farmers in my survey today reveals the mentality of the Chinese is based on the principle of freedom and equality among citizens: the foundation of democratic society
Becquelin, Nicolas. „Les interactions entre le centre et la périphérie : le cas de la région autonome Ouighoure du Xinjiang (Chine) 1989-1999“. Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFornairon, José Dominique. „Mobilité des hommes et des activités : une société en marche : le cas du Languedoc-Roussillon : thèse sur travaux“. Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis, in two volumes, is built up by a synthesis of studies achieved since 1970 by the author concerning migrations and mobility in languedoc-roussillon (volume 1) and a selection of publications (volume 2). Firstly, the author tries to characterize the scope of analysis of migrations: their field, their form and the ways used to observe and to measure them. A second part brings on the fore-varied approaches used to analyze shifts in population. If the direction of march has been firstly macroeconomic and has favored economic reasons, stressing on income and employment, theory progressively turned to a microeconomic vision. Then research focused on a refinement of determinants of migration, putting forward noneconomic factors, for example, amenities. However, theoreticians are less interested in consequences of migrations. Last part of first volume brings about a rereading of author's papers to prove their coherence 25 years devoted to observe migrations in languedoc-roussillon show, trough his works, shortly abstracted, that this region is a space favorable to migration and exchanges. Migrations have consequences concerning demography and economy of this region. This synthesis ends with a thesis: languedoc-roussillon, in its economic organization boosted by migratory movements, is to be considered like a model for others french regions. Second volume groups together a choosing of publications used or recalled in this synthetic work.
Ngana, Félix. „Représentation des espaces urbains et processus migratoires des populations marginalisées en Centrafrique“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarginalized populations in the Central African Republic are generally left out of the urbanization process; they are always pushed back, far away from the urban centres. The edging out of this population has many origins among which the representations that the members have of the city. This origin is important and appears both as the cause and effect. The authority of the elderly, familial attachment for instance, are obstacles to their emancipation. This situation has created a complex of inferiority in the minds of the latter since the dark period of the history of this country until the penetration of foreigners. The forced labour has, on the one hand favoured the creation of modems cities in Central Africa and, on the other hand caused the edging away of marginalized ethnic groups. The weight of the past and some of these ethnic groups own way of life, disturb their envy to live in town; they do not adapt themselves to the urban milieu. In effect, the migratory process of the population living on the fringe of the urban progress is closely linked to their own perception of what cities are. The aim of this study is to better take into account the representations that populations have of the city, the consequences on their costumes and to contribute, thanks to that knowledge, to favouring their integration
Zhao, Yeqin. „Construction des espaces urbains et rénovation d'un quartier de Shanghai : la problématique de la migration et du changement social“. Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaubert, Claire. „Three essays on Urbanization in China“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncreasing weather variations along more frequent natural disasters set new living conditions worldwide. Yet, their impacts on internal migration are still not fully understood. China, characterized by diverse climate zones, frequent natural disasters and a still low urbanization rate, is a great field experiment to analyze this potential link. The present thesis provides three empirical studies that first give an insight on Chinese urban determinants to later investigate the implications of both weather variations and natural disasters on rural-urban migration.Between Rivalry and Synergy: A spatial analysis of urbanization in Chinese provinces.Chapter 2 revisits the study of urbanization driving forces by looking at spatial interactions among Chinese provinces over the 1980-2015 period. This work contributes to the literature by bringing new elements to explain the great diversity in China urban development. It also contributes to the regional science literature by using the Spatial Durbin Error Model to explore the presence of spatial spillovers. Using this method, I test the determinants of urbanization, controlling for the influence of close proximity to other cities. I find evidence of a synergy effect between neighboring provinces. Being close to an attractive province -characterized by a high GDP per-capita, dense population or an efficient transportation system- triggers one province urbanization. Yet, the relation is not monotonous, the urban process becomes competitive between neighboring provinces when one province reaches a certain threshold of economic wealth. Are cities shelters for rural dwellers experiencing weather variations? Evidence from China.Chapter 3 highlights the link between weather variations and rural-urban migration, between 1992 and 2012, in China. The implied hypothesis is that weather anomalies affect crop productivity as well as farmers' income. It later changes their incentives and financial means to migrate toward cities, impacting cities size. The main contribution lies on the use of an original measure of urbanization that does not rely on either census data or any urban definition based on administrative borders. Indeed, I test this assumption using a grid-level panel dataset and nighttime light intensity as a proxy for city size. I find a significant link between weather variations in surrounding areas and cities' size. Yet, the effects differ according to the type of weather variation. Rainfall shortages are more likely to affect migratory behaviors than rainfall surpluses. Results suggest that these former trigger short-term migration to cities when the latter.When does it go back to normal? A Natural Experiment on Wenchuan earthquake impact on migration to cities.Chapter 3 uses Wenchuan earthquake as a natural experiment for investigating the impact of a sudden natural hazard on city size nearby, along with the efficiency of Chinese government plan to reconstruct. I contribute to the literature by being the first to analyze out-migration from rural areas following Wenchuan earthquake. Using the Synthetic Control Method, results show negative effects of Wenchuan earthquake on Sichuan city size. In accordance with the results in this thesis previous chapter, natural hazards prevent migration from happening. Cities, also damaged by the event, no longer attract migrants. In addition, I find evidence that, three years after the shock, in 2011, the effects on city size are null. Sichuan experiences a “back to trend” migratory flows, suggesting that rapid-onset naturals disasters have no permanent impact on migration patterns. The timing of this return-to-trend exactly coincides with the end of the three-year reconstruction plan led by Chinese government, suggesting the effiency of the latter
Gagnon, Jason. „Essays on migration and labour markets in developing countries“. Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work consists of three essays. The first studies Chinese migration to urban areas to determine whether migrants are discriminated against in terms of wages and job type in the urban labor market. A Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with respect to wages shows that rural migrants are discriminated on salary, but all migrants (rural and urban) are victims of employment discrimination with formal contracts. Essay 3 studies the effect of migration on the labor market in Honduras. Using the the skill cell model devised by Borjas (2003) it finds that the sudden and intense emigration from Honduras following Hurricane Mitch resulted in a wage increase of around 20% for each emigration of 10% of the population between 2001 and 2007, an elasticity that is much higher than previous studies on the subject. In addition, emigration from Honduras increased hours worked and under-employment, while reducing the self-employment. Essay 4 examines the effects of emigration on the behaviour of labour within households in Honduras and found that there was little difference in how households changed their behaviour immediately after the hurricane. By contrast, after 31 months the municipalities that were most exposed were also more likely to receive remittances and reduce child labour. After 47 months, they were also more likely to have an self-employed adult working in the household
Martin, Niels. „Les migrations d'agrément, marqueur d'une dynamique d'après tourisme dans les territoires de montagne“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978720.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhu, Mengbing. „Migration, Wealth and Household Consumption in rural China“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a large agricultural country, it is of great importance to study on household consumption in rural China. Many factors may affect consumption, such factors including not only those related to the tremendous changes in the labor market, i.e., the increasing number of rural to urban migration, but also unprecedented changes in the accumulation of household wealth. Until now, systematic evidence is missing on how consumption is affected by migration and household wealth. Moreover, regarding rural household consumption, another related issue, consumption poverty, should also be studied, but so far less has been said on the targeting performance of the poverty alleviation policy, the rural Dibao Program.The first chapter concentrates on the impact of migration and remittances on educational investment in rural China. Using household data from the China Household Income Project 2013, we find that they both play a negative role, but the amount of remittances can act as an insurance mechanism. The second chapter focuses on the wealth effect on consumption and its changes between 2002 and 2013. It shows that the marginal propensity to consume out of net wealth is highly significant and it increases over time for both urban and rural households. Moreover, housing wealth effects are strong, especially for the rural households, while the estimated elasticity of consumption with respect to financial assets is much smaller and elusive over the two years. The third chapter evaluates the targeting performance of the rural Dibao program. The result reveals quite large targeting errors using traditional income identification criteria. However, after taken the multi-dimensional identification criterion the targeting effectiveness increases, but the coverage rate remains low
Liu, Ziqin. „Les jeunes diplômés chinois à l’épreuve de la précarité. Mobilités, accès à l’emploi et rapport au travail. Le cas des jeunes migrants qualifiés dans les villages-urbains à Pékin“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0956/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is part of the broader issue of the transformation of the labor market in China over the past two decades and the place of young migrant workers in this process. In the context of economic transition, Chine has witnessed many important changes such as the phenomenon of urban labor market segmentation, the rise in unemployment and the massive creation of informal jobs, all leading to increased mobility in the working world, as seen particularly in the phenomenon of mass domestic migration. Migrant working youth – especially university graduates from a rural background (or smaller cities) who move to large cities - are being increasingly relegated to the urban areas of vulnerability (Robert Castel,1995) where different forms of precariousness (especially in terms of employment and housing) overlap and accumulate. China’s strong economic growth has given rise to inequalities that are multiplying and deepening at a dizzying rate. Upward mobility seems broken as feeling of injustice is rising. This migration phenomenon, a simultaneous transformation of the labor market and urban restructuring, is the focus of our study. We shall examine the case of young skilled migrants living in urban villages in Beijing, analytical figures of metamorphosis in progress. This research was conducted between 2011 and 2012 in an urban village in Beijing. The subjects had between 2 and 8 years of professional experience and lived in urban villages in Beijing at the time of the survey. This research is based on empirical data collected and analyzed using various methods. Our fieldwork in China enabled us to distribute180 questionnaires (quantitative data), 60 biographical interviews (qualitative material) as well as an ethnographic observation in an urban village. This study aims to investigate, in terms of careers, the process of professional integration and the experience of migration of graduates by looking at structural factors (employment policy, migration policy, networks, etc.), and the narrative pattern used by young people to relate their journey, in order to highlight the mechanisms that produce inequalities and construct social identities underlying the changes being observed in China. Our study has three objectives. The first is to understand both the different positions and statuses held and the way in which young people interpret their journey from their perspective, the positions they hold and the strategies they adapt. The second objective is to demonstrate how their objective and subjective identities interact and are redefined, as well as how their relationships toward work are formed. Thirdly, the goal is to articulate the issue of professional integration and its relationship to physical space, in a context where mobility is becoming a social norm in both the working world and the management of migration (Hélène Pellerin 2011)
Cognard, Françoise. „" Migrations d'agrément " et nouveaux habitants dans les moyennes montagnes françaises : de la recomposition sociale au développement territorial. L'exemple du Diois, du Morvan et du Séronais“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNgar-Odjilo, Marabe. „Voyages et voyageurs dans le bassin du Tchad : aux marges du tourisme“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961172.
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