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1
Etchegaray, Christèle. „Modélisation mathématique et numérique de la migration cellulaire“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS428/document.
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Les déplacements cellulaires, collectifs ou individuels, sont essentiels pour assurer des fonctions fondamentales de l'organisme (réponse immunitaire, morphogenèse), mais jouent également un rôle crucial dans le développement de certaines pathologies (invasion métastatique).Les processus cellulaires à l'origine du déplacement forment une activité complexe, auto-organisée et fortement multi-échelle en temps mais aussi en espace. Mettre en évidence des principes généraux de la migration est donc un enjeu majeur. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la construction de modèles de migration individuelle qui prennent en compte ce caractère multi-échelle de manière minimale.Dans une première partie, nous nous intéressons à des modèles particulaires. Nous décrivons des processus intracellulaires clés de la migration de manière discrète au moyen de processus de population. Puis, par une renormalisation en grand nombre d'individus, taille infinitésimale et dynamique accélérée, nous obtenons des équations de dynamique continue et stochastique, permettant de faire le lien entre la dynamique intracellulaire et le déplacement macroscopique.Nous nous confrontons d'abord à la situation d'un leucocyte se déplaçant dans une artère, et développant des liaisons de différentes natures avec les molécules de la paroi, jusqu'à éventuellement s'arrêter. La dynamique de formation de liaisons est décrite par un processus stochastique de type Naissance et Mort avec Immigration. Ces liaisons correspondent à des forces de résistance au mouvement. Nous obtenons explicitement le temps d'arrêt moyen de la cellule.Puis, nous nous intéressons à la reptation cellulaire, qui se produit grâce à la formation d'excroissances au bord de la cellule, appelées protrusions, qui avancent sur le substrat et exercent des forces de traction. Nous modélisons cette dynamique au moyen d'un processus de population structurée par l'orientation de la protrusion. Le modèle continu limite obtenu peut être étudié pour la migration 1D, et donne lieu à une équation de Fokker-Planck sur la distribution de probabilité de la population de protrusion. L'étude d'une configuration stationnaire permet de mettre en avant une dichotomie entre un état non motile et un état de déplacement directionnel.Dans une seconde partie, nous construisons un modèle déterministe minimal de migration dans un domaine discoïdal non déformable. Nous nous basons sur l'idée selon laquelle les structures responsables de la migration renforcent la polarisation de la cellule, ce qui favorise en retour un déplacement directionnel. Cette boucle positive passe par le transport d'un marqueur moléculaire dont la répartition inhomogène caractérise un état polarisé.Le modèle comporte un problème de convection-diffusion sur la concentration en marqueur, où le champs d'advection correspond à la vitesse d'un fluide de Darcy modélisant le cytosquelette. Son caractère actif est porté par des termes de bord, ce qui fait l'originalité du modèle.Du point de vue analytique, le modèle 1D présente une dichotomie face à une masse critique. Dans les cas sous-critique et critique, il est possible de montrer l'existence globale de solutions faibles, ainsi que la convergence à taux explicite vers l'unique état stationnaire correspondant à un état non polarisé. Au delà de la masse critique et pour des masses intermédiaires, nous mettons en évidence deux états stationnaires supplémentaires correspondant à des profils polarisés. De plus, pour des conditions initiales assez asymétrique, nous démontrons l'apparition d'un blow-up en temps fini.Du point de vue numérique, des tests numériques en 2D sont effectués en volumes finis (Matlab) et éléments finis (FreeFem++). Ils permettent de mettre en évidence à nouveau des états motiles et non motiles. L'effet de perturbations stochastiques est étudié, permettant d'aborder des cas de réponse à des signaux extérieurs chimique (chimiotactisme) ou mécanique (obstacle)Collective or individual cell displacements are essential in fundamental physiological processes (immune response, embryogenesis) as well as in pathological developments (tumor metastasis). The intracellular processes responsible for cell motion have a complex self-organized activity spanning different time and space scales. Highlighting general principles of migration is therefore a challenging task.In a first part, we build stochastic particular models of migration. To do so, we describe key intracellular processes as discrete in space by using stochastic population models. Then, by a renormalization in large population, infinitesimal size and accelerated dynamics, we obtain continuous stochastic equations for the dynamics of interest, allowing a relation between the intracellular dynamics and the macroscopic displacement.First, we study the case of a leukocyte carried by the blood flow and developing adhesive bonds with the artery wall, until an eventual stop. The binding dynamics is described by a stochastic Birth and Death with Immigration process. These bonds correspond to resistive forces to the motion. We obtain explicitly the mean stopping time of the cell.Then, we study the case of cell crawling, that happens by the formation of protrusions on the cell edge, that grow on the substrate and exert traction forces. We describe this dynamics by a structured population process, where the structure comes from the protrusions' orientations. The limiting continuous model can be analytically studied in the 1D migration case, and gives rise to a Fokker-Planck equation on the probability distribution for the protrusion density. For a stationary profile, we can show the existence of a dichotomy between a non motile state and a directional displacement state.In a second part, we build a deterministic minimal migration model in a discoïdal cell domain. We base our work on the idea such that the structures responsible for migration also reinforce cell polarisation, which favors in return a directional displacement. This positive feedback loop involves the convection of a molecular marker, whose inhomogeneous spatial repartition is characteristic of a polarised state.The model writes as a convection-diffusion problem for the marker's concentration, where the advection field is the velocity field of the Darcy fluid that describes the cytoskeleton. Its active character is carried by boundary terms, which makes the originality of the model.From the analytical point of vue, the 1D model shows a dichotomy depending on a critical mass for the marker. In the subcritical and critical cases, it is possible to show global existence of weak solutions, as well as a rate-explicit convergence of the solution towards the unique stationary profile, corresponding to a non-motile state. Above the critical mass, for intermediate values, we show the existence of two additional stationary solutions corresponding to polarised motile profiles. Moreover, for asymmetric enough initial profiles, we show the finite time apparition of a blowup.Studying a more complex model involving activation of the marker at the cell membrane permits to get rid of this singularity.From the numerical point of vue, numerical experiments are led in 2D either in finite volumes (Matlab) or finite elements (FreeFem++) discretizations. They allow to show both motile and non motile profiles. The effect of stochastic fluctuations in time and space are studied, leading to numerical simulations of cases of responses to an external signal, either chemical (chemotaxis) or mechanical (obstacles)
2
Keel, Thomas. „Ist Brain Drain ein Problem für Entwicklungsländer?“ St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02600765001/$FILE/02600765001.pdf.
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3
Sacconi, Andrea. „Front-tracking finite element methods for a void electro-stress migration problem“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34324.
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Continued research in electronic engineering technology has led to a miniaturisation of integrated circuits. Further reduction in the dimensions of the interconnects is impeded by the presence of small cracks or voids. Subject to high current and elastic stress, voids tend to drift and change shape in the interconnect, leading to a potential mechanical failure of the system. This thesis investigates the temporal evolution of voids moving along conductors, in the presence of surface diffusion, electric loading and elastic stress. We simulate a bulk-interface coupled system, with a moving interface governed by a fourth-order geometric evolution equation and a bulk where the electric potential and the displacement field are computed. We first give a general overview about geometric evolution equations, which define the motion of a hypersurface by prescribing its normal velocity in terms of geometric quantities. We briefly describe the three main approaches that have been proposed in the literature to solve numerically this class of equations, namely parametric approach, level set approach and phase field approach. We then present in detail two methods from the parametric approach category for the void electro-stress migration problem. We first introduce an unfitted method, where bulk and interface grids are totally independent, i.e. no topological compatibility between the two grids has to be enforced over time. We then discuss a fitted method, where the interface grid is at all times part of the boundary of the bulk grid. A detailed analysis, in terms of existence and uniqueness of the finite element solutions, experimental order of convergence (when the exact solution to the free boundary problem is known) and coupling operations (e.g., smoothing/remeshing of the grids, intersection between elements of the two grids), is carried out for both approaches. Several numerical simulations, both two- and three-dimensional, are performed in order to test the accuracy of the methods.
4
Kayihan, Bahar. „Return Migration To Turkey: Identity Problem And Changes In The Concept Of Nation“. Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613503/index.pdf.
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This study examines the changing concept of nation and the identity problem for the workers that turned back to Turkey. Starting from 1960s, lots of workers migrated to European countries as a solution to the problem of unemployment in Turkey. The migrants brought their families with them and got accustomed to living abroad. However statistics prove that a group of migrants returned back to Turkey. Eventually, an identity problem emerged for the returned migrants and they experienced a confusion and ambiguity concerning their origin. Although, these migrants shared the same ethnic origin with people living in Turkey, they experienced difficulties in adapting to their national culture. Some of the migrants adapted themselves to other cultures, and their interest to their traditional cultures decreased. Consequently, the concept of nation carries a different meaning for the returned migrants. This thesis will examine, why and how the returned migrants became the other in their own countries.
5
Bös, Mathias. „Migration als Problem offener Gesellschaften Globalisierung und sozialer Wandel in Westeuropa und Nordamerika /“. Opladen : Leske + Budrich, 1997. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8832586.
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6
Sarkar, Dipak Kumar. „Refugee and Migration Problems in West Bengal: Society, Economy and Polity (1947-2000)“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2834.
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7
Herrmann, Felix J., Peyman P. Moghaddam und Rodney L. Kirlin. „Optimization strategies for sparseness- and continuity- enhanced imaging : Theory“. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/500.
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Two complementary solution strategies to the least-squares migration problem with sparseness- & continuity constraints are proposed. The applied formalism explores the sparseness of curvelets on the reflectivity and their invariance under the demigration migration operator. Sparseness is enhanced by (approximately) minimizing a (weighted) l1-norm on the curvelet coefficients. Continuity along imaged reflectors is brought out by minimizing the anisotropic difussion or total variation norm which penalizes variations along and in between reflectors. A brief sketch of the theory is provided as well as a number of synthetic examples. Technical details on the implementation of the optimization strategies are deferred to an accompanying paper: implementation.
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Dalemo, Henrik. „Problem vid migration av applikationer från Visual Basic 6 till Visual Basic .net vid användande av ett migrationsverktyg“. Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-993.
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Arbetet bygger på att de informationssystem som används idag men som blir allt äldre och därigenom inte klarar de krav som ställs på dem. Detta medför att informationssystemen måste migreras till modernare plattformar, då företagen dels inte klarar sig utan dess nuvarande funktionalitet och dels måste vidareutveckla systemen.
Detta arbete tar upp olika sätt som detta kan genomföras på och vilka problem som kan komma att uppstå när detta sker. För att kunna undersöka detta så genomfördes ett antal migrationer. Språken som migrationen kommer att ske mellan är Visual Basic 6 och Visual Basic .net. Migrationerna kommer att ske med hjälp av ett migrationsverktyg, samt ett ramverk som i arbetet skräddarsys för just arbetets typ av migrationer.
Det arbetet kommer fram till är att det sker problem vid användande av ett verktyg och även att det inte ger tillräckligt med respons på vad som gått snett under migrationerna.
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Liebig, Thomas. „Immigration as a supply-side problem : the international competition for highly-skilled migrants /“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/470753544.pdf.
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Cocher, Emmanuel. „Analyse de vitesse par migration itérative : vers une meilleure prise en compte des réflexions multiples“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM016/document.
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Les expériences de sismique active sont couramment utilisées pour estimer la valeur d'un modèle de vitesse de propagation desondes P dans le sous-sol. Les méthodes dites d'« analyse de vitesse par migration » ont pour but la détermination d'un macro-modèle de vitesse, lisse, et responsable de la cinématique de propagation des ondes. Dans une première étape de « migration », une image de réflectivité est obtenue à partir des données enregistrées en utilisant une première estimation du macro-modèle. Cette image dépend d’un paramètre additionnel permettant dans un second temps d’estimer la qualité du macro-modèle puis de l'améliorer. Les images de réflectivité obtenues par les techniques de migration classiques sont cependant contaminées par des artefacts, altérant la qualité de la remise à jour du macro-modèle. En particulier, elles ne prennent pas en compte les réflexions multiples, habituellement retirées des données avant traitement. Cette étape reste cependant délicate et on se prive alors de l'information supplémentaire contenue dans les multiples.Nous proposons dans cette étude une stratégie d’optimisation imbriquée en itérant l'étape de migration avant de remettre à jour le macro-modèle. La migration itérative produit des images de réflectivité satisfaisantes pour l'analyse de vitesse et s’étend naturellement aux réflexions multiples. Un désavantage de la méthode est son coût de calcul. Un pseudo-inverse de l'opérateur de modélisation est alors utilisé comme préconditionneur pour limiter le nombre d’itérations dans la boucle interne. Une autre difficulté est l'instabilité de la remise à jour du modèle de vitesse calculée pour des modèles de réflectivité successifs proches les uns des autres. Une nouvelle approche plus robustesse est proposée, valide aussi dans le cas de multiples. Son efficacité est testée sur des jeux de données synthétiques 2DActive seismic experiments are commonly used to recover a model of the P-wave propagation velocity in the subsurface. “Migration Velocity Analysis” techniques aim at deriving a smooth background velocity model controlling the kinematics of wave propagation. First, a reflectivity image is obtained by “migration” of observed data using a first estimate of the background velocity. This image depends on an additional “subsurface-offset” parameter allowing to assess the quality of the background velocity model with a focusing criterion and to correct it. However classical migration techniques do not provide a sufficiently accurate reflectivity image, leading to inconsistent velocity updates. In particular they do not take into account multiple reflections, usually regarded as noise and removed from the data before processing. Multiple removal is however a difficult step, and additional information contained in multiples is discarded.In this thesis, we propose to determine the reflectivity model by iterative migration before subsequent velocity analysis, leading to a nested optimisation procedure. Iterative migration yields accurate reflectivity image and extends naturally to the case of multiples. One of its disadvantages is the associated increased computational cost. To limit the number of iterations in the innerloop, a preconditioner based on a pseudo-inverse of the modelling operator is introduced. Another difficulty is the instability of the velocity update obtained with very close successive reflectivity models. We propose a modified approach, valid in the presence of multiples, and discussed through applications on 2D synthetic data sets
11
Andersson, My. „Who’s responsible? : A study of strategies for handling climate migration“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387500.
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The issue of climate migration has long been struggling to make its way onto the international agenda. This study therefore set out to shed a light on eleven strategies for handling climate migration. The study builds on the work by Ransan-Cooper et al. (2015) where they allocate actors to four different frames depending on how the actor in question view the environmental migrant, either as; a victim; a security threat; an adaptive agent or; a political subject. This makes out an important comparative basis for the analysis done in this study. It also provides a background on problem definition and framing and the role it plays in policy making. This study then takes the step to also present solutions to the problem defined by presenting concrete strategies which can all be allocated to one of the four frames. The core ideas of the strategies and the solutions they provide are presented using a content analysis. In addition, the question of responsibility for climate migrants is discussed using three normative theories: contribution to the problem, ability to pay and beneficiary pays. The study concludes that there is a consensus among most actors that there is a need for global cooperation and shared responsibility for climate migration and climate migrants. It also concludes that the way a problem is defined or framed plays a highly important role.
12
Manuvie, Ritumbra. „Governance of climate change related migrations in Assam (India)“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31147.
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The thesis asks two crucial questions, (a) what are the normative frameworks available for protecting the rights and status of a person migrating due to climate change related hydro-metrological changes? (b) why is there a non-uniformity and inadequacy in the deliverance of assistance from the state? To address these questions, I have analysed the perception, framing and assistance a climate change migrant receives from the state of Assam in India, while also explaining the reasons for the differential nature and deficits in protection. Based on interviews with senior bureaucratic officials (elite actors), group-discussions, field surveys, and engagements at the block and village level, the thesis makes three critical arguments. First, the sub-national government perceive climate-induced migrations as a developmental issue. Second, the way in which climate change migration is framed as a developmental issue by elite actors does not correspond with how the issue is understood by street-level bureaucratic actors. Instead, the routine judgements and discretions exercised by street-level actors are complexly tied to the political and social circumstances of local areas. Finally, while it is known that socio-political and demographic factors (such as gender, membership of a social group, and religion) contribute to forced forms of migration, the thesis argues that these demographic factors also adversely affect the performance of the programs meant to reduce climate vulnerabilities.
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Mkdad, Rudeina. „Problem representations of 'racisms' between people with migrant backgroundin online Swedish mass media“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158105.
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This project explores, identifies, and interrogates how Swedish online mass media represent the issue of 'racisms' between people with migrant background/migrant groups and the implications of these representations on their lives. The materials are analyzed using the WPR approach (Bacchi 1999) and content media analysis. The theoretical background draws from social psychological theory of intergroup relations, postcolonial theory and critical race theory in order to establish an overview of the concept of ‘racism’ and how it can be used in relation to migrant groups. Where the media representations maintained that migrants can produce 'racism', led to further stigmatization and exclusion of migrant groups. Internalizing racism by migrants can result in self-hatred and practicing migrant respectability in order to differentiate themselves from undesirable migrants as represented in the materials. This project contributes in exploring the system of hierarchies which can deepen our understanding of how tensions and conflicts work between migrant groups.
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Biallach, Hanane. „Optimization of VNF reconfiguration problem for 5G network slicing“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2707.
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Ces dernières années, en raison de la croissance sans précédent du nombre d'appareils connectés et de données mobiles, et des développements continus des technologies pour répondre à cette énorme demande de données, le réseau de cinquième génération (5G) a émergé. La future architecture 5G sera essentiellement basée sur le Network Slicing (NS), qui permet de fournir une approche flexible pour réaliser la vision 5G. Grâce au concept émergent de virtualisation des fonctions réseau (NFV), les fonctions réseau sont découplées des matériels physiques dédiés et réalisées sous forme de logiciel. Cela offre plus de flexibilité et d'agilité dans les opérations commerciales. Malgré les avantages qu'il apporte, NFV soulève quelques défis techniques, le problème de reconfiguration étant l'un d'entre eux. Ce problème, qui est NP-difficile, consiste à réaffecter les fonctions de réseau virtuel (VNFs) pour s'adapter aux changements du réseau, en transformant l'état courant des services déployés, on peut illustrer cela par la migration des machines virtuelles (VM) qui hébergent les VNF, à un autre état qui répond aux objectives des opérateurs. Cette thèse de doctorat étudie comment reconfigurer les VNFs en les migrant vers un état optimal qui pourrait être calculé en avance ou inconnu. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié les deux cas en minimisant la durée d'interruption de service et la durée de migration des VNFs. Nous avons proposé des méthodes exactes et approchées. Parmi les méthodes exactes, nous citons deux modèles PLNE. Nous avons également proposé deux approches heuristiques, l'une basée sur la génération de colonnes et la deuxième utilisant la notion de “feedback arc set". L'objectif global de ce travail est donc de définir et d'étudier le problème de reconfiguration des VNFs dans le contexte du 5G network slicing, et de proposer des modèles mathématiques et des algorithmes efficaces pour résoudre les problèmes d'optimisation sous-jacentsIn recent years, because of the unprecedented growth in the number of connected devices and mobile data, and the ongoing developments in technologies to address this enormous data demand, the fifth generation (5G) network has emerged. The forthcoming 5G architecture will be essentially based on Network Slicing (NS), which enables provide a flexible approach to realize the 5G vision. Thanks to the emerging Network Function Virtualization (NFV) concept, the network functions are decoupled from dedicated hardware devices and realized in the form of software. This offers more flexibility and agility in business operations. Despite the advantages it brings, NFV raises some technical challenges, the reconfiguration problem is one of them. This problem, which is NP-Hard, consists in reallocating the Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) to fit the network changes, by transforming the current state of deployed services, e.g., the current placement of Virtual Machines (VM) that host VNFs, to another state that updates providers’ objectives. This PhD thesis investigates how to reconfigure the VNFs by migrating them to an optimal state that could be computed in advance or free placement. In this thesis, we studied both cases while minimizing the service interruption duration and the VNF migration duration. We have proposed exact and approximate methods. Among the exact methods, we cite two ILP models. We also proposed two heuristic approaches, one based on column generation and the second using the concept of “arc set feedback”. The overall objective of this work is therefore to define and study the problem of VNF reconfiguration problem in the context of 5G network slicing, and propose mathematical models and efficient algorithms to solve the underlying optimization problems
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Li, Yubing. „Analyse de vitesse par migration quantitative dans les domaines images et données pour l’imagerie sismique“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM002/document.
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Les expériences sismiques actives sont largement utilisées pour caractériser la structure de la subsurface. Les méthodes dites d’analyse de vitesse par migration ont pour but la détermination d’un macro-modèle de vitesse, lisse, et contrôlant la cinématique de propagation des ondes. Le modèle est estimé par des critères de cohérence d’image ou de focalisation d’image. Les images de réflectivité obtenues par les techniques de migration classiques sont cependant contaminées par des artefacts, altérant la qualité de la remise à jour du macro-modèle. Des résultats récents proposent de coupler l’inversion asymptotique, qui donne des images beaucoup plus propres en pratique, avec l’analyse de vitesse pour la version offset en profondeur. Cette approche cependant demande des capacités de calcul et de mémoire importantes et ne peut actuellement être étendue en 3D.Dans ce travail, je propose de développer le couplage entre l’analyse de vitesse et la migration plus conventionnelle par point de tir. La nouvelle approche permet de prendre en compte des modèles de vitesse complexes, comme par exemple en présence d’anomalies de vitesses plus lentes ou de réflectivités discontinues. C’est une alternative avantageuse en termes d’implémentation et de coût numérique par rapport à la version profondeur. Je propose aussi d’étendre l’analyse de vitesse par inversion au domaine des données pour les cas par point de tir. J’établis un lien entre les méthodes formulées dans les domaines données et images. Les méthodologies sont développées et analysées sur des données synthétiques 2DActive seismic experiments are widely used to characterize the structure of the subsurface. Migration Velocity Analysis techniques aim at recovering the background velocity model controlling the kinematics of wave propagation. The first step consists of obtaining the reflectivity images by migrating observed data in a given macro velocity model. The estimated model is then updated, assessing the quality of the background velocity model through the image coherency or focusing criteria. Classical migration techniques, however, do not provide a sufficiently accurate reflectivity image, leading to incorrect velocity updates. Recent investigations propose to couple the asymptotic inversion, which can remove migration artifacts in practice, to velocity analysis in the subsurface-offset domain for better robustness. This approach requires large memory and cannot be currently extended to 3D. In this thesis, I propose to transpose the strategy to the more conventional common-shot migration based velocity analysis. I analyze how the approach can deal with complex models, in particular with the presence of low velocity anomaly zones or discontinuous reflectivities. Additionally, it requires less memory than its counterpart in the subsurface-offset domain. I also propose to extend Inversion Velocity Analysis to the data-domain, leading to a more linearized inverse problem than classic waveform inversion. I establish formal links between data-fitting principle and image coherency criteria by comparing the new approach to other reflection-based waveform inversion techniques. The methodologies are developed and analyzed on 2D synthetic data sets
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Yousef, Rose-Marie, und Johanna Nord. „Flyktingars problem och behov vid social integration : En systematisk litteraturstudie“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55225.
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Background: Integration policy and immigration policy advocate for the needs of refugees, protection and integration into society. Measures through policies have been arranged to facilitate integration, but there are problems with the implementation of a successful integration policy for refugees. There are various laws and guidelines that support refugees and their living conditions and rights. Problem: Refugee families consisting of children, young adults and adults may face difficulties in integration into a new country. It is important to know how that group is to be received and managed in order to meet the needs of the refugees. Aim: The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems that may appear for refugees and refugee families’ social integration in Europe. This will be accomplished through a systematic literature study. Method: Systematic literature study based on 12 scientific articles. Selected articles were: 7 qualitative articles, three quantitative and two with mix method. Result: The language, the school, the residence permit, good treatment of a refugee and a social network proved to be significant in promoting the integration process for the refugees. Conclusion: In social work, it is important to know how refugees should be treated in order to not impede their integration into the new society. It is important that refugees do not feel excluded or discriminated against. It is valuable to have sympathy for the refugees and to understand that no individual would want to leave their country voluntarily. Further research is needed to be able to find new approaches that can promote the refugee family’s integration process and a sustainable future.Bakgrund: Integrationspolitiken och invandringspolitiken redogör för flyktingarnas behov, skydd och integration i samhället. Integration -och invandringspolitiken har anordnat ett flertal åtgärder för att underlätta integrationen. Trots detta kvarstår mycket problematik kring implementeringen av en lyckad integrationspolitik för flyktingar. I Europa har det inrättats specifika lagar och riktlinjer som ska stötta flyktingarnas livsvillkor och rättigheter i det nya samhället. Problem: Flyktingfamiljer som består av barn, unga vuxna och vuxna kan bemöta svårigheter vid integrationen i ett nytt land. Det är viktigt att veta hur denna grupp ska bemötas och introduceras till samhället för att därmed kunna tillgodose flyktingarnas behov. Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att genom en systematisk litteraturstudie belysa vilka problem som kan uppstå för flyktingar och flyktingfamiljer vid den sociala integrationen i Europa. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie som är baserad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Valda artiklar var: 7 kvalitativa artiklar, tre kvantitativa och två med mix-metod. Resultat: Språk, skola, uppehållstillstånd, ett bra bemötande av flyktingar och ett socialt nätverk visade sig vara betydande faktorer för främjandet av integrationsprocessen för flyktingarna. Slutsats: I det sociala arbetet är det viktigt att veta hur flyktingar ska bemötas för att inte försvåra deras integration i det nya samhället. Det är viktigt att flyktingarna inte känner sig exkluderade eller diskriminerade. Det är värdefullt att ha sympati för flyktingarna och förstå att ingen individ skulle frivilligt vilja lämna sitt hemland. Vidare forskning behövs för att kunna hitta nya förhållningssätt som kan främja flyktingfamiljernas integrationsprocess och en hållbar framtid.
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Söderberg, Nora. „Climate-Induced Human Mobility in Policy : A Comparative Analysis of Problem Representations in Policy of Two Small-Island Cases“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402836.
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This thesis is a descriptive study of problem representations of climate-induced human mobility in policy. Two cases which are severely impacted by climate change have been selected for the analysis: Kiribati and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Policies of these cases are analysed through a qualitative text analysis following the methodological approach “What’s the Problem Represented to Be?”. A particular focus is given to the issue of “planned relocations” as this is a form of human movement that is, per definition, driven by policy. The analysis found negative representations of human mobility to be present in both cases, but also positive representations in the case of Kiribati. Planned relocations were represented as something necessary and difficult by both the cases, but a substantial difference concerned the intended length of such movements. Lastly, this study highlights the need for further research on policy engagement in climate-induced human mobility.
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Bös, Mathias [Verfasser], und Karl Otto [Akademischer Betreuer] Hondrich. „Migration als Problem offener Gesellschaften - Globalisierung und sozialer Wandel in Westeuropa und in Nordamerika / Mathias Bös ; Betreuer: Karl Otto Hondrich“. Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2000. http://d-nb.info/1177808765/34.
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Persson, Malin. „Asylum - not an EU problem? Qualitative analysis of the readmission agreements in the asylum and migration policy of the European Union“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22758.
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In the European Union asylum and migration policy, the expressions “exclusion” and “externalization” are often used and encountered because the EU transfers the responsibility of migration control to non-EU states through readmission agreements. The EU does not have the capacity to receive all migrants, refugees and asylum seekers that seek protection in Europe, hence the agreements are constituted between the EU and other countries outside the EU on the basis of returning nationals and third country nationals who have been denied asylum. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how and to what extent are human rights embedded in the readmission agreements and in the materials that constitute the basis for the decision to enter into readmission agreements. This thesis also tends to analyze if and on what basis the readmission agreements pose potential consequences for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. In order to answer the posed research questions, I have used a qualitative research method of case study and text analysis. I have used a theoretical framework of externalization and studied the cases of the EU-Ukraine agreement and the EU-Pakistan agreement. Today, the EU cannot guarantee the safety individuals that are being returned to either Ukraine or Pakistan, because both Ukraine and Pakistan lack functional human rights institutions and cannot practice what human rights instruments ordain because they lack the capacity to do so. The EU’s failing of safe returns for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants has consequently created situations of orbit and chain refoulment where migrants, refugees and asylum seekers risks being returned to their country of origin or passed around between countries.
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Nordberg, Amanda. „Kärlek börjar aldrig med våld, men våld börjar alltid med kärlek – Destruktiva mansnormer eller ett ”importerat problem”? : En kvalitativ textanalys om Sverigedemokraternas förhållningssätt mot det ökade kvinnovåldet i Sverige“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45783.
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Domestic violence around the world increased, especially during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The Swedish Democrats' however state that the increasing violence in Sweden is a result of the migration flow and an import of mediaeval values. The Swedish Democrats' claim they have the solution to develop the prevention of violence further. The view of the Swedish Democrats' in their agenda is analysed within this thesis. Political statements, debates, and interviews, as well as information about the political party and their ideology is extracted from books, former scientific research reports and newspapers articles. The social construction of gender and men´s violence towards women is investigated using a combination of philosophical assumptions and specifically chosen theories to women´s subordinated position in the gender order in society. The Swedish Democrats' fear that state feminism is pushing hatred of men that threatens individual Swedish men, nuclear families, and western civilisation. They are also worried about the change of men and masculinity. However, their understanding is influenced by the ideological beliefs on how the gender order should be organised.
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Van, Le Wa. „Makten att tysta ner och lyfta upp "problem" med strategisk inramning : En kvalitativ studie om Socialdemokraternas inramning av migrations- och integrationsdiskursen efter migrationskrisen 2015“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-345656.
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Syftet med studien var att med hjälp av en frameanalytisk metod studera hur det politiska partiet Socialdemokraterna ramar in problem, aktör, orsak och lösningar av migrations- och integrationspolitiken efter flyktingkrisen 2015. Studien har också studerat hur inramningarna förhåller sig till ett jämlikhetsperspektiv. Det empiriska materialet som primärt har används för att genomföra den kvalitativa analysen har varit Socialdemokraternas dokument om partiets politiska riktlinjer från kongressen 2017. Detta material har sedan kompletterats med dokumentet Framtidskontraktet 2017 som också har synliggjort partiets politiska riktlinjer. De två empiriska materialen har båda samlats in från Socialdemokraternas egna hemsida. Studien har bidragit med att visa på tendenser av hur ett parti i Sverige genom inramningar i sitt partiprogram under samma tidsperiod omvandlat diskursen om migrations- och integrationspolitik från ett humanitärt problem till ett arbetsmarknadsproblem, vilket implicerar olika synsätt på flyktingen och vem eller vad som skuldbeläggs som problemets orsak. Studien visar att Socialdemokraterna har i samma partiprogram frångått en mer jämlik och inkluderande syn på flyktingen till en mer utpekande syn på utrikesfödda som en separat grupp i samhället skild från gemenskapen. Konsekvenserna av detta är att inramningen säger underförstått att flyktingar inte är en självklar del av statens avgränsade befolkning. Detta i sin tur implicerar att det finns en outtalad ojämlikhet mellan medborgare och flyktingar, där flyktingar undervärderas som mindre än jämlikar. Detta innebär underförstått att flyktingar inte förtjänar att leva på basis av faktumet att de enbart är människor, utan flyktingar måste istället visa sig förtjänta av att betraktas som jämlikar genom prestationer.
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Nguyen, Thi Minh. „Optimisation de l'allocation des ressources dans les réseaux d'infrastructure basés sur la virtualisation des fonctions réseau“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066626/document.
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Les prestataires de service réseau doivent faire face à la demande croissante des besoins des utilisateurs, en particulier vers une plus grande flexibilité et toujours plus de capacité. La "softwerisation" et la "cloudification" des composants du réseau offrent une solution prometteuse pour obtenir l'agilité nécessaire afin de répondre dynamiquement à l'exigence au niveau de la consommation des ressources. Cette vision se traduit par le déploiement de la Virtualisation des Fonctions Réseau (NFV) où les Fonctions de Réseau Virtuels (VNFs) peuvent être associées pour créer des services réseau. Cette thèse étudie la problématique de l'allocation de ressources dans un système NFV afin de minimiser son coût sous contraintes sur l'interconnectivité entre les VNF, les ressources du système et les exigences de service. La principale considération est la réduction du coût global du déploiement en ressources informatiques. Nous étudions également d'autres objectifs à satisfaire tels que la migration des fonctions réseau et la gestion de la congestion. Notre premier objectif est d'augmenter notre compréhension de la performance d'un système NFV en étudiant le placement et le routage des fonctions réseau. Nous formalisons le problème dans une approche globale en tenant compte d'un large ensemble de paramètres pertinents. Nous prendrons en compte les cas statiques (Hors Ligne) et dynamiques (En Ligne) du problème. Nous proposons et analysons trois algorithmes heuristiques: deux sont conçus pour traiter de grandes dimensions du scenario "Hors Ligne" et le dernier est conçu pour résoudre le scénario "En Ligne". Les résultats montrent que notre solution surpasse l'état de l'art par rapport à l'indicateur de performance critique. Nous évaluons également l'impact de la migration d'une série de demandes simultanées et proposons une technique de migration simple pour ce système dynamique. A la lumière de ces premiers résultats, nous étendons notre étude afin d'améliorer l'efficacité de notre solution en proposant un modèle plus simple. La seconde partie de notre étude se concentre sur l'optimisation de l'utilisation des ressources d'un système NFV. La principale distinction est que nous pouvons appliquer le modèle à un système dynamique avec de grandes instances. De plus, nous fournissons également une méthode originale pour engendrer de fortes inégalités afin d'améliorer la résolution de la programmation linéaire (LP) dans un espace de dimension supérieur. Les résultats obtenus n'améliorent pas seulement le modèle, mais promettent aussi de pouvoir être utiliser efficacement dans d'autres modèles. Une troisième contribution de notre travail concerne le problème de routage dans NFV. En effet, une évolution importante des besoins des utilisateurs est représentée par la demande d'accès croissante aux ressources réseau, de stockage et de calcul afin de combiner dynamiquement le niveau de consommation de ressources avec leurs besoins de service. Par conséquent, nous nous intéressons au routage efficace d'une demande utilisateur à travers les noeuds qui traitent les fonctions impliquées dans une chaîne de services donnée. Nous proposons une formulation originale de ce problème basée sur la construction d'un réseau étendu. Nous formulons une solution mathématique exacte et proposons plusieurs algorithmes approximatifs tenant compte les principaux paramètres du système. Nous conclurons en soulignant les contributions principales de notre travail et proposons quelques pistes pour des travaux futursNetwork service providers have to cope with the growing on-demand need from end-users as well as the diversity of usage. The "softwerization" and "loudification" of the network components offer a promising solution to achieve the agility necessary to dynamically match the servcice requirements with the level of resource consumption. Cloud-based solutions promises an economy of scale and simpler management. Virtualizing the many network appliances offers the flexibility to adapt to the varying service demand. This materializes with the deployment of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) where Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) may be chained together to create network services. This dissertation studies the resource allocation problem in an NFV system for minimizing its cost under constraints on interconnectivity among VNFs, system resources, and service requirements. The main consideration is the reduction of the overall deployment cost while efficiently utilizing the available resources. In addition, a number of other important constraints are considered such as migration and congestion. Our first goal is to increase our understanding of the performance of an NFV system with respect to network functions placement and routing. We formalize the problem in a comprehensive maner taking into account a broad set of relevant parameters. The static (OFFLINE) and dynamic (ONLINE) cases are considered. We propose and analyze three heuristic algorithms: two for handling large dimensions of the OFFLINE problem and one designed to address the ONLINE scenario. The results show that our solution outperforms the state of the art with respect to critical performance index. We also evaluate the impact of migrating a set of running demands, and propose a simple migration technique for the dynamic system. We extend this work by proposing a simpler model to improve the performance of our solution. The second part of our work focuses on minimizing the resource utilization of an NFV system. The main distinctive point is that we can apply the model to a dynamic system with large instances. Moreover, we also provide an interesting method for generating some strong inequalities to improve the Linear Programming (LP) solving in a higher dimensional space. The obtained results are not only making the model easier but also can be used efficiently in other models. A third contribution focuses specifically on the routing problem in NFV. An important evolution of the users’ needs is represented by the dynamic on-demand access to network, vstorage and compute resources. Therefore, routing efficiently a demand across nodes handling the functions involved in a given service chain constitutes the a novel problem that we address in this last section. We provide an original formulation of this problem based on the construction of an expanded network. We derive the exact mathematical formulation and propose several approximate algorithms taking into account the main system’s parameters. We conclude by deriving some interesting insights both about the algorithms and the network performance. We finally conclude with our main findings and highlight many avenues for future work
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Мартиненко, А. О. „Бідність як економічна проблема людства“. Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11763.
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Rocha, Francisco Matias da [Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Nullmeier und Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Windzio. „Zum Problem der Land-Stadt-Migration im Nordosten Brasiliens - Die Gemeinden Tauá (CE) und Picos (PI) / Francisco Matias da Rocha. Gutachter: Frank Nullmeier ; Michael Windzio. Betreuer: Frank Nullmeier“. Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1072225824/34.
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Ahmadi, Forooshani Sayedhabibollah. „Examining the impact of trauma on young people's social adjustment: Developing a multi-dimensional intervention“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/225898/1/Sayedhabibollah_Ahmadi%20Forooshani_Thesis.pdf.
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Trauma-related difficulties with social adjustment can be resistant to improvement in response to psychological interventions because the specific links between trauma and social adjustment difficulties have been overlooked in the designs of these interventions. To address this gap, an intervention mapping exercise was conducted to design a preliminary intervention protocol based on research literature reviews, meta-analytical and mixed methods studies. Based on the findings, this research identified and integrated the most effective therapeutic strategies into a short-term intervention to target impaired capacities of social adjustment in young people with a trauma history.
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CENTORRINO, SAMUELE. „Essays in Nonparamentric Estimation with Instrumental Variables“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/109031.
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This thesis deals with the broad problem of causality and endogeneity in econometrics when the function of interest is estimated nonparametrically. It explores this problem in two separate frameworks.
In the cross sectional, iid setting, it considers the estimation of a nonlinear additively separable model, in which the regression function depends on an endogenous explanatory variable. Endogeneity is, in this case, broadly defined. It can relate to reverse causality (the dependent variable can also affects the independent regressor) or to simultaneity (the error term contains information that can be related to the explanatory variable). Identification and estimation of the regression function is performed using the method of instrumental variables. In the time series context, it studies the implications of the assumption of exogeneity in a regression type model in continuous time. In this model, the state variable depends on its past values, but also on some external covariates and the researcher is interested in the nonparametric estimation of both the conditional mean and the conditional variance functions.
This first chapter deals with the latter topic. In particular, we give sufficient conditions under which the researcher can make meaningful inference in such a model. It shows that noncausality is a sufficient condition for exogeneity if the researcher is not willing to make any assumption on the dynamics of the covariate process. However, if the researcher is willing to assume that the covariate process follows a simple stochastic differential equation, then the assumption of noncausality becomes irrelevant.
Chapters two to four are instead completely devoted to the simple iid model. The function of interest is known to be the solution of an inverse problem.
In the second chapter, this estimation problem is considered when the regularization is achieved using a penalization on the L2-norm of the function of interest (so-called Tikhonov regularization). We derive the properties of a leave-one-out cross validation criterion in order to choose the regularization parameter.
In the third chapter, coauthored with Jean-Pierre Florens, we extend this model to the case in which the dependent variable is not directly observed, but only a binary transformation of it. We show that identification can be obtained via the decomposition of the dependent variable on the space spanned by the instruments, when the residuals in this reduced form model are taken to have a known distribution. We finally show that, under these assumptions, the consistency properties of the estimator are preserved.
Finally, chapter four, coauthored with Frédérique Fève and Jean-Pierre Florens, performs a numerical study, in which the properties of several regularization techniques are investigated. In particular, we gather data-driven techniques for the sequential choice of the smoothing and the regularization parameters and we assess the validity of wild bootstrap in nonparametric instrumental regressions.
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Carcuz, Jerez Juan Ramon de Jesus. „An AVO method toward direct detection of lithologies combining P-P and P-S reflection data“. Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/38.
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Семенчук, Василь Миколайович, und Vasyl Semenchuk. „Методи та програмно-апаратні засоби оптимізаційних процесів на основі генетичних алгоритмів“. Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33351.
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Кваліфікаційна робота присвячена дослідженню генетичних алгоритмів як способу оптимізації, їх ефективності і трудомісткості. Для виконання була обрана задача комівояжера, оскільки вона дуже добре вивчена, має ефективні способи розв’язання, для того, щоб порівняти з отриманими результатами. Також однією з цілей даної роботи є вивчення поширення генетичних алгоритмів на модель з декількома взаємодіючими популяціями (міграції та острівну).
Основним інструментом для практичного дослідження було обрано середовище MATLAB, оскільки воно має багато вбудованих функцій і панелей інструментів для вирішення завдань генетичного програмування і їх паралельного виконання.Thesis deals with the study of genetic algorithms as a way of optimization, their efficiency and complexity. The Travelling Salesman Problem was taken into consideration as it is very well studied, has effective ways of the decision, in order to compare with the received results. Also, one of the aims of this work is to study the propagation of genetic algorithms to a model with several interacting populations (migration and island). The MATLAB environment was taken as the main tool for practical research, as it has many built-in functions and toolbars for solving problems of genetic programming and their parallel execution.
1 Аналітична частина. 2 Теоретична частина. 3. Практична частина. Розв’язок задачі комівояжера з використанням можливостей пакета MATLAB. 4 Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях
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Henseler, Joachim [Verfasser]. „Mobilität und Migration in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft / Joachim Henseler“. Erfurt : Universität Erfurt, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1215980566/34.
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Vaškelienė, Irena. „Pastarieji Lietuvos gyventojų migracijos pokyčiai ir grįžtamoji migracija“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090120_140711-14690.
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Magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali tiriant Lietuvos gyventojų migracijos procesus. Lietuvos gyventojų migracijos srautai, mastai bei problemos turi įtakos ne tik sociodemografiniams gyventojų pokyčiams, tačiau ir valstybės vykdomai ekonominei, socialinei ir kitų sričių politikai. Grįžtamosios migracijos tema yra nauja, kadangi iki šiol nebuvo atlikti tyrimai, nustatantys grįžtamosios migracijos priežastis bei grįžusiųjų migrantų integracijos problemas. Grįžtamosios migracijos veiksnių ir problemų identifikavimas yra svarbus, siekiant sukurti ir įgyvendinti priemones, skatinančias Lietuvos gyventojų grįžtamąją migraciją. Tad baigiamojo darbo objektas yra pastarosios Lietuvos gyventojų migracijos tendencijos bei grįžtamoji migracija. Baigiamojo darbo objektas nagrinėjamas, siekiant įvertinti Lietuvos gyventojų migracijos srautus, apimtį, priežastis, nustatyti grįžtamąją migraciją skatinančius veiksnius, grįžusių migrantų integracijos problemas, o taip pat siekiant pateikti pasiūlymų grįžtamosios migracijos problemoms spręsti. Įgyvendinant baigiamojo darbo uždavinius buvo atlikta migracijos teorijų, Lietuvos migracijos istorijos bei grįžtamosios migracijos mokslinės literatūros bei grįžtamosios migracijos tyrimų analizė, teisinės ir statistinės literatūros analizė, nustatyti ir įvertinti grįžtamosios migracijos veiksniai, problemos bei numatytos priemonės, skatinančios grįžtamąją migraciją.
Baigiamajame darbe buvo iškeltos hipotezės: intensyvūs migracijos srautai sudaro... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The subject of the master work is urgent reseach of the migration processes of Lithuania population. The streams, scales, and problems of Lithuania population migration have influence not only on sociodemographical changes of population but also on the economic, social and other policies of the government. Return migration is a new subject, as until recent the reseach on return migration reasons and the problems of migrants integration has not been done. The identification of its factors and problems is important. It is essencial in creating measures and putting them into practice, because it stimulates return migration of Lithuania population. The object of the study is the recent return migration of Lithuania population and its tendencies. The object is investigated trying to evaluate the streams, scales and reasons of Lithuania migration and the problems of return migrants integration. Moreover, the study presents some suggestions how to solve the problems of return migration. Fulfilling the assigments of the work some analysis on migration theories, Lithuania migration history, scientific as well as juridical and statistical literature, return migration reseach have been done. The factors and problems of return migration are determined and evaluated here. Also, the measures stimulating return migration are provided in the study. The hypotheses made in the work are that intensive migration streams allow the factor of return migration to form and social and family relations... [to full text]
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Budathoki, Aakash. „Migration & Modernity“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2809.
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The main objective of this essay is to analyze the challenges caused by today's modern phenomenon of change in our society and to discuss it in relationship to the process of migration. In doing so I focus on questions like, "what does it really mean when a person becomes a migrant and what does it mean to be the host country?" Becoming a migrant or a host country is a complex process which involves variety of challenges both for individuals and the locality. New inventions are made in the field of science and technology. Societies and social institutions are subjected to change and we undergo several changes or modifications to fit in to this changing system. This makes integration process more tedious and complex. I feel that the process of accepting and adopting begins from the very first moment in the new society. The one who comes in also brings in new cultural perspectives, new ideologies and beliefs. This establishes the background of plurality which has both positive and negative consequences.
I believe that every factor from bigger social institutions to minute incidents associated with an individual are of equal importance in understanding society as a whole. So I approach my research question here by considering both micro and macro theorists. I have also referred to migrations history of Sweden which provides general idea of types and mode of migration in the past few decades.
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Forster, Emma. „Migration decision-making processes : an empirical investigation“. Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2000. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3711.
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This thesis has two purposes. The first is to investigate the motivation for household migration - in particular, the associations between the different reasons for moving and the characteristics of owner-occupier movers in Scotland, their houses and the distances they travel. The second is to investigate the extent to which the migration decision is a longitudinal one, and from this longitudinal analysis to highlight the extent of latent migration. Little longitudinal research has previously been carried out on the migration decision. The thesis uses two recent, large-scale and under-utilised data sources to investigate each of these issues. Firstly, the associations with motivations for migration are investigated using the 'Migration and Housing Choice Survey' (MHCS) which contains information from 10,010 households. The advantage of this cross-sectional source lies in its provision of detailed information on motivations at a national level of coverage. The large-scale, national coverage makes it possible to investigate many types of migration flow. This advantage is not shared by any other British research into motivations for migration and only three other data sets elsewhere. Secondly, the extent to which the decision to n-iigrate is part of an on-going process is investigated using the 'British Household Panel Survey' (BBPS). This new and under-exploited source of migration data contains longitudinal information from 10,264 individuals in the first wave and holds approximately this sample size through each of the following four waves. This thesis makes four key contributions to knowledge. The first three are based on the detailed and systematic analysis of the reasons for residential migration behaviour of owner-occupiersin Scotland,u sing the MHCS. Firstly, the reasonsf or moving, as suggestedb y previously small-scaler esearch,h ave been confirmed by this large-scale data set. Secondly, this thesis has extended - and in some cases refuted - the findings of previous researchb y investigatingt he bivariate associationsb etween each of the reasons for moving and each possible explanatory variables (these being characteristicso f migrants, of their home and of the distancest hey move). This has been investigated using much wider selection of reasons for moving and of characteristicsth an hasb eenp reviouslyd one. Thirdly, this thesish as shown that lifecycle stage exerts a considerable amount of influence on the reasons given for moving, whilst still operating in conjunction with other variables, such as distance moved and housing features. The MIHCS can, for the first time, enable research into the connection between the factors influencing migration flows and the factors influencing motivations for migration. Fourthly, this thesis has investigated how migration decisions and preference for migration relate over time, using longitudinal data (the BHPS). This has shown that a considerable amount of latent mobility is present in Britain, and even more importantly, has identified the characteristics of the latent migrants and frequent movers. In addition, this thesis has offered some methodological pointers for future migration research. Overall, the use of these two important but under-utilised data sets, the MECS and the BBPS, have enabled analyses to be undertaken that are unique in the history of nýgration research. V
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Budathoki, Aakash. „Modernity & Migration“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2807.
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Summery
The main objective of this essay is to analyze the challenges caused by today’s modern phenomenon of change in our society and to discuss it in relationship to the process of migration. In doing so I focus on questions like, “what does it really mean when a person becomes a migrant and what does it mean to be the host country?” Becoming a migrant or a host country is a complex process which involves variety of challenges both for individuals and the locality. New inventions are made in the field of science and technology. Societies and social institutions are subjected to change and we undergo several changes or modifications to fit in to this changing system. This makes intigration process more difficult and complex. I feel that the process of accepting and adopting begins from the very first moment in the new society. The one who comes in also brings in new cultural perspectives, new ideologies and beliefs. This establishes the background of plurality which has both positive and negative consequences.
I believe that every factor from bigger social institutions to minute incidents associated with an individual are of equal importance in understanding society as a whole. So I approach my research question here by considering both micro and macro theorists. I have also referred to migrations history of Sweden which provides general idea of types and mode of migration in the past few decades.
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Melo, Márcio Daniel Tavares de. „Network virtualisation from an operator perspective“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12876.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia EletrotécnicaNetwork virtualisation is seen as a promising approach to overcome the so-called “Internet impasse” and bring innovation back into the Internet, by allowing easier migration towards novel networking approaches as well as the coexistence of complementary network architectures on a shared infrastructure in a commercial context. Recently, the interest from the operators and mainstream industry in network virtualisation has grown quite significantly, as the potential benefits of virtualisation became clearer, both from an economical and an operational point of view. In the beginning, the concept has been mainly a research topic and has been materialized in small-scale testbeds and research network environments. This PhD Thesis aims to provide the network operator with a set of mechanisms and algorithms capable of managing and controlling virtual networks. To this end, we propose a framework that aims to allocate, monitor and control virtual resources in a centralized and efficient manner. In order to analyse the performance of the framework, we performed the implementation and evaluation on a small-scale testbed. To enable the operator to make an efficient allocation, in real-time, and on-demand, of virtual networks onto the substrate network, it is proposed a heuristic algorithm to perform the virtual network mapping. For the network operator to obtain the highest profit of the physical network, it is also proposed a mathematical formulation that aims to maximize the number of allocated virtual networks onto the physical network. Since the power consumption of the physical network is very significant in the operating costs, it is important to make the allocation of virtual networks in fewer physical resources and onto physical resources already active. To address this challenge, we propose a mathematical formulation that aims to minimize the energy consumption of the physical network without affecting the efficiency of the allocation of virtual networks. To minimize fragmentation of the physical network while increasing the revenue of the operator, it is extended the initial formulation to contemplate the re-optimization of previously mapped virtual networks, so that the operator has a better use of its physical infrastructure. It is also necessary to address the migration of virtual networks, either for reasons of load balancing or for reasons of imminent failure of physical resources, without affecting the proper functioning of the virtual network. To this end, we propose a method based on cloning techniques to perform the migration of virtual networks across the physical infrastructure, transparently, and without affecting the virtual network. In order to assess the resilience of virtual networks to physical network failures, while obtaining the optimal solution for the migration of virtual networks in case of imminent failure of physical resources, the mathematical formulation is extended to minimize the number of nodes migrated and the relocation of virtual links. In comparison with our optimization proposals, we found out that existing heuristics for mapping virtual networks have a poor performance. We also found that it is possible to minimize the energy consumption without penalizing the efficient allocation. By applying the re-optimization on the virtual networks, it has been shown that it is possible to obtain more free resources as well as having the physical resources better balanced. Finally, it was shown that virtual networks are quite resilient to failures on the physical network.
A virtualização de rede é vista como uma abordagem promissora para ultrapassar o “Impasse da Internet” e permitir inovação na Internet, possibilitando assim uma migração fácil para novas abordagens de redes, bem como a coexistência de arquiteturas de redes complementares numa infraestrutura compartilhada e em ambiente comercial. Recentemente tem crescido de forma bastante significativa o interesse pela virtualização de rede por parte dos operadores e dos grandes fabricantes, desde que os potenciais benefícios da virtualização se tornaram claros, tanto de ponto de vista económico como operacional. No início, o conceito foi versado pelo meio académico, onde foram realizadas provas de conceito de pequena escala, e em que a virtualização de rede foi considerada como forma de investigação de novos protocolos. Esta Tese de Doutoramento tem como objetivo geral dotar uma rede de operador de um conjunto de mecanismos e algoritmos capazes de gerir e controlar redes virtuais. Para este fim, é proposta uma framework que visa alocar, monitorizar e controlar recursos virtuais de uma forma centralizada e eficiente. De forma a analisar o desempenho da framework, procedeu-se à sua implementação e avaliação numa rede de pequena dimensão. De forma a permitir que se possa efetuar uma alocação eficiente, em tempo real, e a pedido, de redes virtuais numa rede física, é proposta uma heurística para efetuar o mapeamento na rede física. Para que o operador de rede possa rentabilizar ao máximo a sua infraestrutura de rede, é ainda proposta uma formulação matemática que, através de programação linear, visa maximizar o número de redes alocadas na infraestrutura de rede. Dado que o consumo energético de uma infraestrutura de rede começa a ter significância nos custos de operação, é importante que se faça a alocação das redes virtuais no menor número de recursos físicos e também em recursos físicos ativos. Para endereçar este desafio é proposta uma formulação matemática que visa minimizar o consumo energético da rede física sem afetar a eficiência da alocação de redes virtuais. Para minimizar a fragmentação da infraestrutura de rede e ao mesmo tempo aumentar as receitas do operador, é também estendida a formulação inicial para contemplar a re-otimização de redes virtuais previamente mapeadas, fazendo com que o operador tenha um melhor aproveitamento da sua infraestrutura física. Será ainda necessário endereçar a migração de redes virtuais, quer por motivos de balanceamento de carga, quer por motivos de falha iminente de recursos físicos, sem afetar o bom funcionamento da rede virtual. Para este fim, é proposto um método baseado em técnicas de clonagem, para efetuar a migração de redes virtuais entre recursos da infraestrutura física de forma transparente e sem impacto para a rede virtual. De forma a avaliar a resiliência das redes virtuais a falhas na rede física, e ao mesmo tempo obter a solução ótima de migração de redes virtuais em caso de falha iminente dos recursos físicos, a formulação matemática é estendida para minimizar o número de nós migrados em simultâneo com a realocação de ligações virtuais. Em comparação com as nossas propostas de otimização verificou-se que as heurísticas existentes para mapeamento de redes virtuais têm um desempenho muito baixo. Verificou-se ainda que é possível efetuar a redução do consumo energético sem a penalização da alocação eficiente. Com a re-otimização das redes virtuais mostrou-se que é possível obter mais recursos livres, assim como obter uma melhor distribuição dos recursos. Por último, demonstrou-se que as redes virtuais são bastante resilientes a falhas na rede física.
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Moss, Philip John. „The migration and racialisation of doctors from the Indian subcontinent“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71953/.
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This research identifies and examines the circumstances and processes surrounding the migration and racialisation of doctors from the Indian subcontinent to Britain. Theoretically the research will critically evaluate several current debates within sociology and reconstructs a different set of criteria to that which has until recently governed investigations into racism. The research argues that the concept of 'race' is an ideological construction with no analytical role to play in the investigation of racism and discrimination. The real object of analysis is the development and reproduction of racism as an ideology within specific historical and material conjunctures determined by the uneven development of capitalism. Within this context a full explanation of the migration and racialisation of doctors from the Indian subcontinent requires not only an examination of the post-war era, but also an investigation of the origins of that migration and racialisation during the pre-1945 period when India was the subject of British rule. A great deal of contemporary research on migration and racism, has tended to concentrate on unskilled and semi-skilled migrant labour. This study will focus on the neglected area of the 'professions', through an investigation of doctors from the Indian subcontinent and their relationship with the British 'professional' occupation of medicine. Through the exegesis and critique of the 'sociology of professions', the research will demonstrate that doctors from the Indian subcontinent represent a racialised fraction of the new middle class. The main question surrounding the analysis of the relationship between Indian doctors and the British 'professional' occupation of medicine as 'gatekeepers' of the occupation, will focus on the relationship between professionalism and racism. The research will contend that the content of professionalism does not merely define certain occupations as 'professions', but more importantly, professionalism like racism is an ideology. Professionalism not only operates to justify and legitimate the supposed special status of medicine, but it also reinforces racist exclusionary practices in a 'sanitised' form within the occupation. This provides the research with the rare opportunity of analysing the nature and content of two ideologies operating within the same arena: the relationship between racism and professionalism. This will illustrate that the racism which black migrant 'professional' labour is subject to, does not only operate in a functional way for capitalism in providing labour for the less desirable specialisms of medicine, but also operates through the mediation of the occupation of medicine to help reproduce the 'professional status' of the occupation.
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Rivinoja, Peter. „Migration problems of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in flow regulated rivers /“. Umeå : Dept. of Aquaculture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005114.pdf.
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Heinzmann, Cornelia [Verfasser]. „Mobilitätspartnerschaften und zirkuläre Migration zwischen der EU und Afrika / Cornelia Heinzmann“. Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080458719/34.
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Balta, Venetia. „Problemes d'identite dans la litterature neo-hellenique de la migration“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20080.
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Le but de cette these est de mettre en relief les principaux problemes d'identite dans la litterature neo-hellenique en prose de la migration produite dans l'espace europeen. Dans la premiere partie sont presentees des donnees theoriques concernant la notion de l'identite en psychologie et en sociologie ainsi que l'ensemble des textes litteraires rassembles et etudies au cours de la recherche. La deuxieme partie est consacree a l'analyse detaillee d'un nombre restreint de textes (corpus) appartenant a deux epoques differentes (xixe siecle/ apres-guerre). Ce sont des textes de neuf ecrivains avec des caracteristiques tres differenciees. La troisieme partie est consacree a l'elaboration de certaines hypotheses de travail suscitees au cours de l'analyse des textes. L'objectif est ici de discuter les caracteristiques essentielles generales de la litterature en prose de la migration neo-hellenique. L'attention est portee sur l'interaction entre la question de la migration et la problematique de l'identite, sur le fonctionnement des axes du temps et de l'espace, sur le role organisateur des personnages dans l'evolution du mythe etcThe purpose of this dissertation is to examine the main identity problems of the greek literature of migration in prose which was created in europe. The first part contains main theoretical elements of the identity notion in psychology and sociology as well as the total number of the literary texts collected and studied during the research. The second part is devoted to the systematic study of a limited number of literary texts belonging in two different periods (19th century/ post-war period). These are texts of nine authors of a great variety. The third part is devoted to the elaboration on certain suppositions put forward during the analysis of the texts. In this cese the objective is to search the main traits of the greek migration literature in prose: the interdependence of the issue of migration and the problematic of identity, the function of space and time facts, the role of characters in the development of the plot etc
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Handke, Daniela [Verfasser], und Karin [Akademischer Betreuer] Böllert. „Frühe Hilfen und Migration : Familien mit Migrationshintergrund im Kontext Früher Hilfen / Daniela Handke ; Betreuer: Karin Böllert“. Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211003116/34.
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Aziz, Karima. „Migration aspirations and experiences of female Polish migrant workers in the UK“. Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2018. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3029/.
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This thesis investigates migration aspirations and experiences of female Polish migrant workers and returnees, who have been working and living in the UK. In the face of theoretical debates and a lack of knowledge on the experience of Polish women as migrant workers in the UK, a contextualised study prioritising the narratives of the interviewees was established. The theoretical and methodological approach is characterised by grounded theory methodology informed by theoretical sensitivity, which is combined with the analysis of biographical narrative interviews, semi-structured expert interviews, and secondary quantitative data. Through this approach, the conditions and influential factors that shape female Polish migrant workers’ aspirations and experiences, as well the way in which they make meaning of them, are scrutinised. Different patterns of migration aspirations have been constructed by the informants’ narratives – migration as a solution, as a family strategy or as an opportunity. Furthermore, specificities of working and living in the UK have been established, marked by different routes into employment, migrant and feminised work, and different patterns of work trajectories; as well as social networks, transnational lives and experiences of women and family life. Constructions of return decisions or the lack of return motivations, as well as experiences after return, bring forth the relevance of expectations resulting in the question: ‘return to what?’ Additionally, return plans have been adapted in the face of structural constraints or because of individual preferences, which were at times overruled in the context of return as a family strategy. Return was also constructed, however, as path to personal or professional fulfilment, as an opportunity, or as a result of disappointment. In the context of the conditions of the enlarged EU providing the freedom of movement, the post-transformation labour market in Poland, and the gendered and migrant labour market segmentation in the UK, as well as gender regimes, female Polish migrant workers actively mediated their migration aspirations and experiences.
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Popova, MARINA. „Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinės integracijos problema socialinio darbo kontekste“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20120125_144447-62305.
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M. Popova. Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinės integracijos problema socialinio darbo kontekste. Socialinio darbo magistro studijų programos baigiamasis darbas. Darbo vadovas Prof. dr. E. Acienė, Klaipėdos universitetas: Klaipėda, 2011. – 99 p.
Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinė integracija- viena aktualiausių šiandienės visuomenės problemų, nes Atsižvelgiant į skaičiaus mažėjimo tendenciją, ateinančiais metais
imigracijos didėjimas Lietuvoje yra galimas ir būtinas. Imigrantų integracija yra labai svarbi socialinei sanglaudai ir ekonominei plėtrai. Kad imigrantai galėtų jaustis mūsų visuomenės dalimi, privalome su jais elgtis sąžiningai ir užtikrinti jiems tinkamas visaverčio dalyvavimo mūsų visuomenėse priemones. Integracija yra nuolatinis, dvikryptis procesas, pagrįstas imigrantų ir Lietuvos visuomenės savitarpio teisėmis bei atitinkamomis pareigomis.
Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą buvo pasirinktas tyrimo objektas – trečiųjų šalių piliečių integracijos problemos vertinimas. Tyrimo tikslas – Įšanalizuoti Lietuvoje gyvenančių trečiųjų šalių piliečių socialinės integracijos problemą.. Tyrimo metodas: mokslinės literatūros analizė, kiekybinis tyrimas, taikant anketinį apklausos metodą bei kokybinis tyrimas, taikant interviu.
Analizuojant pirmą uždavinį-migracijos teorinį diskursą įvertinant pasaulinės migracijos teorijas, buvo nagrinėtos pasaulinės migracijos tendencijos, tarptautinės migracijos teorijos ir imigracijos iššūkiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]M. Popova. The Problem of Social Integration of Third-Countries Citizens in the Context of Social Work in Lithuania. Final thesis of master’s degree study programme in social work. Supervisor prof. dr. E.Aciene, Klaipeda university: Klaipeda, 2011. – 106 pages. Social integration of third world country citizens living in Lithuania is one of the key issues of today’s society as considering a trend of decrease in numbers, next year the growth of immigration to Lithuania is possible and necessary. Integration of immigrants is very important for both social linkage and economic development. So that immigrants could feel a part of society we must treat them honestly and provide them with means necessary to become members of our society. Integration is a continual, two-way process based on mutual rights and duties of both immigrants and Lithuanian society. Having analyzed scientific literature, a research object is an evaluation of third world country citizens’ problem of social integration. Aim of research – to analyze a problem of social integration of citizens of third world countries living in Lithuania. Method of research: analysis of scientific literature, quantitative research applying questionnaire and qualitative research applying interview. Analyzing the firs goal – a theoretic discourse of migration rating theories of world migration, trends of world migration, theories of international migration and immigration challenge for Lithuania were studied. The second goal... [to full text]
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Specht, Johannes [Verfasser]. „Sicherheit, Migration und Menschenrechte in Mexikos Grenzräumen : Eine Untersuchung der staatlichen mexikanischen „Betagruppen zum Schutz der Migrierenden“ / Johannes Specht“. Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107386880X/34.
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Culliney, Martin. „Going nowhere? : rural youth employment, social capital and migration in Britain“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4624/.
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This thesis addresses the lack of literature on rural youth employment prospects. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and fieldwork conducted in the West Midlands, I ask to what extent is rural location a labour market disadvantage for young people? Social capital, identified as a pertinent concept in the few previous studies, is operationalised in terms of two constituent elements: norms, affecting youth earnings, and networks, determining one’s ability to find work – more so in rural areas than in urban, due to the relative absence of big business, and nepotistic recruitment practices. Transport is also a more significant barrier to employment for rural youth. I find that rural youth earn less than urban counterparts despite rural wages being higher overall. This pay penalty is a distinctly rural youth disadvantage, and can last well into adulthood for those who do not relocate to urban areas. In conclusion, I argue that investment in rural jobs and public transport or vehicle lease schemes would improve rural youth employment prospects. If such investment is not forthcoming, relocation schemes might extend opportunities to those willing to migrate for work.
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Sveinsson, Kjartan Páll. „Swimming against the tide : trajectories and experiences of migration amongst Nigerian doctors in England“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3279/.
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High emigration countries tell a confusing story of how migration cycles can contribute to the sustainable economic development of some poor countries in some ways but hamper it in others. A number of social, economic and political factors – on local, national and global levels – interact to influence success, or lack thereof, in activating diasporas to contribute to the development of their home countries. Various actors – including states, civil society, and minority groups – within the 'transnational social space' impact on migrants' capacity to send 'social remittances' and engage with transnational processes. This study looks at a particular cadre of highly skilled migrants – Nigerian doctors working in the NHS in England – as a lens through which to explore these broader processes. Africa has: 3% of the world's health-workers; 11% of the global population; 24% of the global burden of disease. Yet 28% of sub-Saharan African doctors have left the continent to practice medicine in a handful of OECD countries, with enormous social and economic costs to sending countries. The NHS is highly dependent on overseas doctors – 28% are trained overseas, and 75% of these are from low income countries. Yet there is a long history of discriminatory practice towards overseas doctors in the NHS. Overseas doctors tend to be over-represented in lower grades, and under-represented in senior positions: the higher up the NHS hierarchy you look, the whiter the doctors become. This study traces the migratory trajectories of 32 Nigerian doctors who have studied and/or worked in England, their experiences of professional development within the NHS, and their involvement in community and transnational activities that induce (or hinder) the transfer of skills and resources. Their narratives are connected to broader aspects of immigration policy, structural discrimination, and transnational processes to explore how their place within the transnational social space impacts on their ability to obtain transferable knowledge, and how they use this knowledge to make a contribution to the development of the healthcare sector in Nigeria.
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Sanson, Esther Mary. „The Chinese Communist Party and China's Rural Problems“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Languages and Cultures, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1903.
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Vast disparities exist between China’s rural and urban areas. Throughout the history of Communist Party rule, ever-widening rural-urban inequality, problems with migration to the cities, and the threat of rural unrest have afflicted the countryside. Efforts by previous administrations have largely failed to solve the nation’s rural problems. China’s current leaders are determined to tackle these issues by means of a change in the direction in policy: the new focus is on sustainable development and social justice rather than rapid economic growth. At the same time, the central government hopes to strengthen the Communist Party’s power base and reduce potential threats to its ongoing reign. While the new policy direction is expected to improve the standard of living of China’s rural people and reduce social conflict in the short term, it may be insufficient to bring peace and satisfaction among the people in the long term.
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Kovner, Nimrod Z. „Migration in a warming world : on the responsibility and obligations of states towards climate change immigrants“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3582/.
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People across the globe are on the move due to environmental disruption and degradation, causing them to travel and find their future in new locations. Climate change will increase the number of people seeking to escape environmental pressures. What should be the appropriate response to this increase of migrating people, driven away from their homes as a result of climate change effects? From the perspective of normative political philosophy, it is more precise to ask two interrelated questions: what are the obligations in the context of climate change migration and to who should assign them. Previous research in normative political philosophy has focused on the high-profile case of small island states that can be submerged by the rising levels of the oceans, overlooking the wider ways in which human mobility will be induced by climate change effects. The thesis, then, fills this gap in the literature and provides a nuanced account that combines insights from political philosophy and writing on climate change and immigration. My dissertation answers the two above-mentioned questions, dedicating the first part to the ‘who’ question and taking up the ‘what’ question in the second part. The overall argument shows that states creating hazardous climate change incur obligations towards those adversely affected by it, including those relocating across international borders. And these states ought to amend or supplement their immigration policy in a way that advances the capacity of vulnerable individuals to cope with climate change. In the first part of the thesis, I establish state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, primarily focusing on its relation with duties towards climate change adaptation. I work with a backward-looking principle of responsibility, responsibility for causing bad outcomes, and explore its application to the case of climate change in the face of some conceptual and empirical challenges. I further develop a notion of responsibility for creating risk that can capture the collective adverse outcome states bring about by emitting greenhouse gases. I explicate the moral significance of imposing risks on others and the obligations that it gives rise to. Building on this theoretical groundwork, the second part of the thesis dives into the complex nexus of climate change and human mobility. I focus on a particular pattern of immigrationinternational movement due to gradual environmental changes associated with climate change that significantly restrict people’s life prospects. I defend a view that perceives such migratory scenarios as a way to cope with climate change, a form of adaptation. I argue that the obligations of states include providing admission to climate immigrants. However, they are part of a wider set of actions and policies to advance the adaptation capacity of all individuals vulnerable to climate change hazards: immigrants themselves, but also the immobile. This part of thesis shows that the adaptation duty of states is a complex balancing act between providing admission and supporting local adaptation. The last chapter elaborates on this challenge. Drawing on the research on climate immigration, I highlight the aspects of this movement that must be considered in a morally informed immigration policy. In addition, I put forward the possibility that states can allocate among themselves their obligations so some will do more in terms of admitting immigrants and some will do more in terms of supporting local adaptation.
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Henning, Karla [Verfasser], Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Klasen, Michael [Gutachter] Grimm und Marcela [Gutachter] Ibanez. „Essays on Social Preferences in the Contexts of Donations, Migration, Religious Worship and Insurance / Karla Henning ; Gutachter: Michael Grimm, Marcela Ibanez ; Betreuer: Stephan Klasen“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177361817/34.
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Brovia, Cristina. „Migrants de saison : les camps de travailleurs agricoles étrangers comme problème public : le cas de Saluzzo (Italie)“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D041.
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Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse aux processus de construction d’un problème public à une échelle locale, en partant des différentes questions nées autour de campements de travailleurs saisonniers migrants dans des régions d’agriculture intensive en Italie. Il est principalement basé sur une recherche empirique menée entre 2013 et 2017 dans la zone rurale de Saluzzo (Piémont) avec une méthodologie qualitative croisant entretiens sociologiques, observation participante au sein de collectifs militants et à l’intérieur des campements de migrants et analyse d’articles de presse locale. L’objectif principal était celui d’étudier la façon dont la présence de migrants dans ce contexte spécifique est perçue comme un problème public, de quelle manière ce dernier est défini et construit dans un jeu de mobilisations et contremobilisations par une multitude d’acteurs aux intérêts divergents, puis d’analyser les conséquences de ces dynamiques sur les actions mises en places pour tenter de le résoudre. La thèse démontre en particulier comment la construction du problème se focalise progressivement sur le caractère temporaire de la présence des migrants, au détriment d’autres possibles cadrages, en justifiant la mise en place de dispositifs d’accueil provisoires et précaires, conduisant au confinement spatial et temporel des migrants. On verra également comme la création de camps de plus en plus institutionnalisés et contrôlés, gérés par une association humanitaire bénéficiant d’un large consensus, a favorisé un apaisement des conflits autour de cette question et un éloignement du problème au sein du débat politique public. D’une façon plus générale, ce travail, en analysant une question inhérente aux faits migratoires par le prisme de la sociologie politique, invite à une réflexion plus ample sur le traitement politique des migrants et sur la construction collective de la place qu’ils occupent aujourd’hui au sein de la société italienneThis thesis examines how the presence of seasonal migrant workers’ camps in intensive agricultural areas in Northern Italy is framed and addressed as a public problem. It draws on fieldwork carried out between 2013 and 2017 in the rural area of Saluzzo (Piedmont). The qualitative methodology includes sociological interviews, participant observation with organizations and in migrants’ camps, and the analysis of the local press. The thesis aims to understand how the presence of seasonal migrants is defined and constructed by a range of actors with divergent interests. In particular, it examines a set of public mobilisations and counter-mobilisations, analysing how they have influenced the actions undertaken to solve “the problem” of migrants’ camps in the Saluzzo area. The main argument is that the problem has been progressively constructed around the temporariness of migrants’ presence in the area. This has justified the setting up of temporary and precarious reception systems, leading to the spatial and temporal confinement of the migrants. In particular, the thesis shows how the organisation of institutionalised and controlled camps, managed by a major humanitarian organization and benefiting from wide public consensus, resulted in a decrease of conflict around seasonal labour migration, and to the sidelining of the issue in the political debate. Contributing to literature on migration in the field of political sociology, the monograph represents a timely intervention in highly topical debates on the politics of migrants’ presence in the Italian society
Questa ricerca riguarda i processi di costruzione di un problema pubblico ad un livello locale, partendo da diverse problematiche scaturite intorno ad accampamenti di lavoratori migranti stagionali in alcune zone di agricoltura intensiva in Italia. Lo studio è principalmente basato su una ricerca empirica svolta tra il 2013 e il 2017 nell’area rurale di Saluzzo (Piemonte) utilizzando una metodologia qualitativa che comprende interviste sociologiche, osservazione partecipante con associazioni militanti e all’interno degli accampamenti di migranti e l’analisi di articoli della stampa locale. L’obiettivo principale era quello di studiare il modo in cui la presenza di lavoratori migranti, in questo contesto specifico, è percepita come un problema pubblico, in che modo quest’ultimo è definito e costruito da una serie di attori animati da interessi contrastanti in un gioco di mobilitazioni e contro-mobilitazioni, poi di analizzare le conseguenze di tali dinamiche sulle azioni messe in atto per la risoluzione del problema. La tesi dimostra in particolare che la costruzione del problema si è progressivamente focalizzata sul carattere temporaneo della presenza dei migranti, a scapito di altri possibili frame, andando a giustificare la messa in atto di dispositivi di accoglienza precari e provvisori, finalizzati al confinamento spaziale e temporale dei migranti. Inoltre, l’instaurazione di campi sempre più istituzionalizzati e controllati, gestiti da un’organizzazione umanitaria riconosciuta, ha favorito la riduzione dei conflitti intorno alla questione e un accantonamento del problema sul piano del dibattito politico pubblico. Più in generale, questo lavoro, analizzando una questione inerente a dinamiche migratorie attraverso il prisma della sociologia politica, invita ad una più ampia riflessione sul trattamento politico dei migranti e sulla costruzione collettiva della posizione che essi occupano all’interno della società italiana di oggi
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Kosygina, Larisa Vladimirovna. „The Russian migration regime and migrants' experiences : the case of non-Russian nationals from former Soviet republics“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/650/.
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This thesis explores how the Russian migration regime is reflected in migrants' experiences and identities. The conceptual framework developed in the thesis is informed by the theory of structuration. On the basis of this theory and the analysis of primary empirical data, the thesis seeks to refine the understanding of the concepts of 'migration regime', 'social exclusion' and 'territorialisation' of identity. The empirical research conducted for the thesis focuses on the period 2002-2009 and on the experiences and identities of a particular group of migrants, namely, former Soviet citizens from former republics of the USSR, who are currently living in post-Soviet Russia without Russian citizenship. The thesis explores and analyses, on the one hand, the structures which constitute the Russian migration regime and, on the other, the stories told by interviewed migrants about their lives in Russia. The thesis argues that the current migration regime of the Russian Federation represents 'a differentiated system of othering' and shows that this system is informed by two processes - nation-building and racialisation. It also argues that differentiations institutionalised in the Russian migration regime affect the social exclusion of migrants and through this the 'territorialisation' of their identities.
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Chauris, Hervé. „Analyse de vitesse par migration pour l'imagerie des structures complexes en sismique réflexion“. Paris, ENMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1055.
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L'imagerie sismique des premiers kilomètres du sous-sol constitue l'une des étapes initiales à mettre en oeuvre avant toute phase d'exploitation pétrolière. Or la construction d'une image s'obtient à partir des données, enregistrées en surface, et d'un modèle de vitesse de propagation des ondes dans le sous-sol. Même en 2D, le problème de l'estimation de la vitesse est loin d'être parfaitement résolu. L'iso-X, outil de base choisi ici pour aborder ce problème, utilise directement la redondance des données lors de l'acquisition: il est possible de les classer en fonction de la distance source-récepteur et d'obtenir, avec un modèle de vitesse donné et pour chaque sous-ensemble, une image du sous-sol. Avec le bon modèle, toutes ces images sont cinématiquement cohérentes. La difficulté majeure est de définir une fonction coût sur les iso-X telle que cette mesure donne une indication utile pour estimer le modèle de vitesse. L'objectif majeur de la thèse est de mieux comprendre l'information contenue dans les iso-X afin de pouvoir l'exploiter efficacement, sans devoir faire d'hypothèse sur la complexité du sous-sol. Nous proposons ici d'analyser les iso-X en 2D à I'aide de mesures locales et au travers de deux pistes:- sans pointé, avec la dérivée horizontale introduite par [Symes and Carazzone, 1991];- avec pointés, sur des événements localement cohérents dans le domaine migré en profondeur. Nous démontrons la richesse de ces approches au travers de deux applications sur données réelles 2D. La principale difficulté est la présence de bruits cohérents qu'il est nécessaire de supprimer avant inversion. De plus, I'approche avec pointés permet de faire le lien entre des méthodes d'analyse de vitesse par migration et la tomographie de pente qui travaille dans l'espace des données. Enfin, nous proposons une extension aux milieux complexes, caractérisés par des triplications du champ de rais, avec le recours au domaine des angles.