Inhaltsverzeichnis
Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Microstructures sous contrainte“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Microstructures sous contrainte" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Microstructures sous contrainte"
Ighil Ameur, Lamine, Mahdia Hattab und Qian-Feng Gao. „Variation de la microstructure des argiles remaniées sous chargement triaxial et phénomène de dilatance“. Revue Française de Géotechnique, Nr. 165 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDadda, Abdelali, Fabrice Emeriault, Christian Geindreau, Annette Esnault-Filet und Aurélie Garandet. „Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques des sols par biocimentation : étude mécanique et microstructurale“. Revue Française de Géotechnique, Nr. 160 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2020008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Microstructures sous contrainte"
Petit, Bertrand. „Étude du comportement mécanique et des modifications de textures et de microstructures induites par la transformation de phase y-[alpha]' sous contrainte d'un acier AISI 304 : aspects expérimentaux et modélisations“. Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Petit.Bertrand.SMZ0631.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe 304 steel shows outstanding deformation properties which are due to a combination of crystalline plasticity and phase transformation (trip effect). This work presents a study of the mechanical behaviour and of the evolutions of textures/microstructures of this steel by tensile tests as well as their modelling. In order to understand and model this complex behavior, tensile tests at -60°C and 20°C was carried out on this steel. The global evolutions of the textures and of the involved phases were first studied by X-ray diffraction. Then the evolutions of the local microstructures and textures were investigated by E. B. S. D. , which led us to a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of deformation and transformation. The results showed that the presence of martensite [alpha]' or of microtwins depends on the γ [gamma] grain orientation with respect to the tensile direction and the temperature and that martensite [epsilon] and micro-twins form germination sites for the [alpha]’ martensite. These results also allowed us to choose, among several theories of the phase transformation exposed in the literature, those which best express the experimental features. Tested in an existing micromechanical model, formulated in small deformations, the transformation deformations deduced from these theories made it possible to reproduce certain aspects of the mechanical behaviour of this steel. We then developed, in close co-operation, a new model formulated in finite transformation, which considers the mechanisms of deformation experimentally observed. This model allows us to satisfactorily reproduce the tensile curves, the transformation kinetics and the texture evolutions of the different phases of this steel
Teillac, Achille. „Tractographie globale sous contraintes anatomiques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS357/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims at developing a method inferring white matter fibers reconstructed using a global spin-glass approach constrained by anatomical prior knowledge. Unlike usual methods building fibers independently from one another, our markovian approach reconstructs the whole tractogram in an unique process by minimizing the global energy depending on the spin glass configuration (position, orientation, length and connection(s)) and the match with the local diffusion process in order to increase the robustness and the accuracy of the algorithm and the anatomical reliability of the reconstructed fibers. Thus, the work done during this PhD, along with the development of the global tractography algorithm, consisted in studying the feasibility of the anatomical prior knowledge integration stemming from the T1 weighted MRI and from new diffusion MRI microstructure approaches providing microstructural information of the surrounding tissue. In particular, the algorithm was built to allow a high fiber curvature when getting closer to the cortical ribbon and thus enabling the connection not only at the end of the gyri but also on their sides. The NODDI (Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging) model has become more and more popular during the past years thanks to its capability to be used in clinical routine and allows to quantify neurite density and axons angular dispersion. A high dispersion means the existence of different fibers population or a high curvature of a fascicle within a voxel. Thus, the orientation dispersion has been used in our global tractography framework to release the curvature constraint near the cerebral cortex when the angular dispersion is high, allowing fibers to orientate collinear to the local normal to the cortical surface. However, this constraint is removed if the angular dispersion stays low, meaning a low curvature fiber trajectory following the example of the fibers projecting to the end of a gyrus or the U-fibers. The performances of this new tractography approach constrained by anatomical prior knowledge have been evaluated on simulated data, and tested on high resolution post-mortem MRI acquisitions and millimetric resolution in vivo MRI acquisitions. In parallel of this methodological development, a study about local-regional correlations between neurite density and cerebral activation on the cortical surface has been made. This study has been conducted on the healthy volunteers cohort scanned in the frame of the European CONNECT project including anatomical, diffusion and functional data. The anatomical data has been used to extract the pial surface and an individual parcellation on the cortical surface for each volunteer, the diffusion data has been used to evaluate the individual maps of neurite density within the cortical ribbon and the functional data from the BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) effect has been used to calculate the individual z-scores of the general linear model for specific contrasts investigating the motor, language and visual networks. A co-localization of neurite density and activation peaks has been observed, which might indicate an increase of the neurite density within functional networks in order to increase its efficiency. This study also corroborates the lateralization of the language functional network and the motor one, in good agreement with the population lateralization, while an increase of the neurite density in the visual cortex has been observed which might be correlated to the results of visuo-spatial attention studies described in the literature on the non-human primate
Hamma, Juba. „Modélisation par la méthode des champs de phase du maclage mécanique dans des alliages de titane β-métastables“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS381.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeta-metastable titanium alloys exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at room temperature, linked to the microstructure evolution under stress. A specific deformation mode plays an essential role: the {332}<11-3> twinning system. This thesis work thus concerns a modeling, by the phase field method, of {332} twin variants evolution under stress. The first part is devoted to an Allen-Cahn type phase field model with an elasticity taken into account in a geometrically linear formalism. This model is used with an isotropic or anisotropic interface energy in order to study the influence of the latter on the growth of twin variants. The role of an elasticity formulated in finite strain is then discussed and gives rise to the second part of this work. A mechanical equilibrium solver formulated in the geometrically non-linear formalism using a spectral method is then set up and validated. It is then used in the development of an Allen-Cahn type phase field model considering a geometrically non-linear elasticity. We then proceed to a fine comparative study of the microstructures obtained in linear and non-linear geometries. The results show a major difference between the microstructures obtained in the two elastic frameworks, concluding on the need for elasticity in finite strain formalism to reproduce the twin microstructures observed experimentally. Finally, we present a prospective study of a more general phase field formalism than the previous ones, based on a Lagrange reduction method, which would allow to fully take into account the reconstructive character of twinning and the hierarchical nature of the microstructures observed experimentally
Hervier, Zéline. „Étude d'alliages de titane haute température : microstructure, fluage, corrosion sous contraite“. Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPT075H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuture turbine engine applications require titanium parts to wishstand higher temperatures. This requires optimising the thermomechanical treatments of the parts in order to improve their creep life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure, creep life and stress corrosion cracking properties of the titanium alloy. The observation of the microstructure reveals that the rate of cooling has a great influence on the primary alpha content, especially if it is a high temperature heat treatment : the diffusion controls the growth of the primary alpha. The study of creep is based on the drawing of iso-primary creep strain, iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-creep-life lines in a stress - temperature field. Regarding their creep properties, the gain obtained with the ,-forged Ti6242 on the •/, forged is small, compared to the gain obtained with the •/, forged IMI834. From the plot of iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-time to rupture, numerical models to predict the steady strain rate and time to rupture at each stress and temperature are identified and discussed. The stress corrosion cracking properties are also evaluated
Durand, Nicolas. „Contraintes résiduelles et microstructure dans des films minces de tungstène : évolution sous irradiation“. Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2336.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCutard, Thierry. „Caractérisation ultrasonore à haute température et sous contrainte de traction de composites céramique-céramique“. Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaumun, Elizabeth. „Corrosion sous contrainte de l’Alliage 82 en vapeur d’eau hydrogénée à 400°C : influence de la microstructure et du comportement mécanique sur l’amorçage“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Pressurize Water Reactors (PWR), Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is the mean degradation mode of components pieced together by welding. Nickel based alloys are, among others, used in dissimilar metal welding (DMW). International report showed only 3 cracking cases in Alloy 82 out of 300 cracking cases concerned on nickel based alloys DMW in primary water circuit. The aim of this study is to identify which microstructural and local mechanism parameters at microstructure scale provide the initiation of SCC cracks. Characterizations performed on specimen surface to identify those parameters are composed ofchemical composition analysis and EBSD analysis (Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction) to know the morphology and the crystallography of grains for microstructure features on one hand, and experimental strain fields measured by Digital Imaging Correlation (DIC) of gold microgrids deposed by electronic lithography on U-bend specimen surface and stress fields calculated along grains boundaries by finite element for local mechanical features on the other hand. The correlation between those characterizations and localization of initiation sites of SCC cracks, obtained on U-bend specimens tested in autoclave in hydrogen steam water at 400°C and 188 bar for 3500 hours, confirmed the susceptibility of the Alloy 82 in SCC conditions with intergranular SCC cracks. The perpendicular position to the loading direction (mode I) is the worst conditions for grains boundary in SCC. The others points concern the chemical composition (precipitation, impurities) around grain boundary and the grain boundary type which is more susceptible when it is a High Angle Grain Boundary. It is following by the mechanical characterization (stress and strain gradient) along grain boundary. This methodology can be used to other material and helped to define which microstructural and mechanical parameter can be define the initiation of SCC cracks
Le, Millier Morgane. „Fragilisation des aciers inoxydables austénitiques sous irradiation : évolution de la microstructure et amorçage de la corrosion sous contrainte assistée par l'irradiation en milieu REP“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0047/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steels under irradiation and the consequences of this evolution on their behavior in PWR environment. 304L steel was proton-irradiated at 360°C to 5 and 10 dpa. Following these irradiations, IASCC was studied in a 350°C simulated primary water, with strain fields measurements using digital image correlation. In parallel, thin foils were irradiated in situ with Ni++ ions at 500°C up to 2 dpa with simultaneous helium implantation. These experiments allowed us (i) to have a better understanding of the key parameters responsible of the IASCC initiation in reducing environment thanks to the coupling between microstructure, mechanical fields and cracking (ii) to define the role of helium on the nucleation and evolution of radiation defects. It turns out that, in the studied conditions, the implantation of helium has only a limited effect on the dislocation loop and cavity populations for ratios lower than 800 appm He/dpa. Cavities were observed with and without helium, including in the grain boundaries which could be a factor of embrittlement. The stress corrosion cracking tests resulted in an increase of the crack density with the increase of the macroscopic deformation and in a bigger opening and on-surface propagation of cracks after a sequential loading. These cracks propagate deeply in the irradiated layer partly because of the overstress generated by the strong gradient of mechanical properties between the irradiated and non-irradiated zones of the material. The activated deformation mechanisms are complex and twinning was observed after 2 and 10% of macroscopic deformation. The deformation after irradiation is strongly localized in transgranular bands and around some grain boundaries, but it appears that the strong deformation around boundaries is not an initiation criterion. Deformation discontinuity on both sides of cracked boundaries is systematically observed and evaluation of the local stress state appears to be essential to describe IASCC initiation. This local stress state could be calculated by finite elements, taking into account the experimental results in terms of crystallographic orientation fields or Kinematics fields strong heterogeneity of local deformation quantified in this work
Garcia, Zaldivar José de Jesus. „Corrosion localisée par exfoliation et sous contrainte d'alliages aluminium-lithium : rôle de la composition chimique et de la microstructure“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlégeau, Grégory. „Comportement cyclique et en fatigue d'un alliage cuivreux injecté sous pression“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThese research works deal with the investigation of the cyclique and fatigue behaviour of an industrial high-pressure die cast brass. Mechanical tests highlight relatively important changes of elasticity domain during monotonic loading, mainly due to changes of the internal stress. This study was conducted under different scales of observation. TEM observations enabled hypothesis to explain the "original" cyclic behaviour of the alloy. Fatigue tests showed that fatigue life of the material is quite dependent of the presence of defects that may be due to manufacture process. A simplified version of a multi-mechanism model was used to simulate the cyclic behaviour of the study alloy