Dissertationen zum Thema „Microscopie haute résolutive“
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Bai, Jiachuan. „Deep learning augmented single molecule localization microscopy reconstruction : enhancing robustness and moving towards live cells“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS337.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile microscopy has been a central technique for cell biology since centuries, it has long been limited by diffraction to a resolution of ~200-300 nm. As a consequence, many molecular structures, such as viruses, nuclear pores, or microtubules were left unresolved. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers a high spatial resolution (e.g., 20 nm or better), allowing to resolve biological structures at or near the molecular scale. However, SMLM acquisition necessitates acquiring many thousands of low-resolution frames, mostly limiting its applications to fixed cells or to structures undergoing slow dynamics. To overcome this limitation, Ouyang et al. (2018) developed a deep learning-based approach called ANNA-PALM that can reconstruct a super-resolution image from much fewer low-resolution frames. However, the original ANNA-PALM method faced several limitations. First, ANNA-PALM had only been trained and tested on images from our laboratory. Second, the method exhibits artifacts when applied to images obtained using different protocols or experimental conditions than the training data. Third, ANNA-PALM had only been demonstrated on fixed cells. The objectives of my Ph.D. thesis are to address these limitations by 1) improving the robustness of ANNA-PALM reconstructions when applied to data obtained from distinct laboratories and 2) extending ANNA-PALM to reconstruct super-resolved time-lapse image sequences for dynamic biologicalstructures in live cells. 1. Improving the robustness of ANNA PALM: an obvious approach to improve robustness is to retrain the model using a larger and more varied data set. However, SMLM datasets are not usually publicly accessible. To address this, our lab developed ShareLoc, an online platform (shareloc.xyz) that allows the gathering and reuse of SMLM datasets acquired by the microscopy community. I first validated the platform's functionalities, curated SMLM data, implemented a ShareLoc ontology, and wrote relevant documentation. Next, I took advantage of ShareLoc data to retrain ANNA-PALM on larger and more diverse images and quantitatively evaluated the image reconstruction quality compared to the original model. I demonstrated that the robustness and reconstruction quality of ANNA-PALM significantly improved, notably when applied to images of microtubules taken under biological perturbation conditions never seen by the model during training. 2. Extending ANNA-PALM to reconstruct super-resolution movies of moving structures in live cells: achieving high-quality super-resolution reconstructions of structural dynamics is challenging. To avoid motion blur, each frame of the reconstructed movie is defined from localizations in only a small number of consecutive low-resolution frames. This leads to a strong under-sampling of the structures by single molecule localization events and does not enable super-resolution. Although ANNA-PALM can reconstruct high-quality super-resolved images from under-sampled localization data, training ANNA-PALM for live cells is more difficult, because a clear ground truth is lacking. The absence of ground truth also makes it difficult to assess reconstruction quality. To address these challenges, I first developed a method to generate ground truth super-resolution movies from static SMLM images obtained from long acquisition sequences. I implemented and tested this strategy using both simulated and experimental SMLM images. Second, I extended the ANNA-PALM architecture to 3D data, where the third dimension is time, in order to incorporate temporal information. I used simulations of microtubule dynamics to quantitatively evaluate the reconstruction quality of this approach in comparison with the original 2D ANNA-PALM, and as function of structure velocity and localization rates. [...]
Liu, Hui. „Microscopie tomographique diffractive et profilométrie multivue à haute résolution“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH9558/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have developed a tomographic diffractive microscope in reflection, which permits observation of sample surfaces with an improved lateral resolution, compared to a conventional holographic microscope. From the same set of data, high-precision measurements can be performed on the shape of the reflective surface by reconstructing the phase of the diffracted field. doing so allows for several advantages compared to classical holographic interferometric measurements: improvement in lateral resolution, easier phase unwrapping, reduction of the coherent noise, combined with the high-longitudinal precision provided by interferometric phase measurements. We demonstrate these capabilities by imaging various test samples
Gardeazabal, Rodriguez Pedro Felipe. „Développement d'une technique d'imagerie 3D haute résolution“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066594.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeignen, Pierre-Antoine. „Capteur ultrasonore multiélément dédié à la caractérisation quantitative haute résolution“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT267/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this thesis is applied to the characterization of mechanical properties by acoustic microscopy. It describes an innovative focused sensor that enables both topography and quantitative imaging of an elastic material. The innovation consists in the separation of the different propagation modes of a material excited by a focused multielement probe. Measuring the surface mode propagation velocity of elastic and anisotropic materials thanks to their time of flight provides a possibility of quantifying the module characterizing the elasticity: the Young's modulus. The dimensions of the multielement probe are described here and rely on an acoustic field model developed to anticipate the field radiated by each element. A second model studies the temporal behaviour of the focused probe and also verifies the discrimination of the different waves that propagate. The measurement of mechanical properties by the multielement probe is applied to different samples and provides consistent results with high sensitivity. The ability to produce images of mechanical properties is thus demonstrated. First suitable for frequencies near thirty megahertz, this sensor has a limited number of elements to ensure a simplicity of design and manufacture for a subsequent miniaturization of the sensor to achieve frequencies near the gigahertz
Moneron, Gael. „Microscopie tridimensionnelle à très haute résolution par tomographie par cohérence optique“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066623.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMurtin, Chloé Isabelle. „Traitement d’images de microscopie confocale 3D haute résolution du cerveau de la mouche Drosophile“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI081/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough laser scanning microscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining thin optical sections, the possible depth of imaging is limited by the working distance of the microscope objective but also by the image degradation caused by the attenuation of both excitation laser beam and the light emitted from the fluorescence-labeled objects. Several workaround techniques have been employed to overcome this problem, such as recording the images from both sides of the sample, or by progressively cutting off the sample surface. The different views must then be combined in a unique volume. However, a straightforward concatenation is often not possible, because the small rotations that occur during the acquisition procedure, not only in translation along x, y and z axes but also in rotation around those axis, making the fusion uneasy. To address this problem we implemented a new algorithm called 2D-SIFT-in-3D-Space using SIFT (scale Invariant Feature Transform) to achieve a robust registration of big image stacks. Our method register the images fixing separately rotations and translations around the three axes using the extraction and matching of stable features in 2D cross-sections. In order to evaluate the registration quality, we created a simulator that generates artificial images that mimic laser scanning image stacks to make a mock pair of image stacks one of which is made from the same stack with the other but is rotated arbitrarily with known angles and filtered with a known noise. For a precise and natural-looking concatenation of the two images, we also developed a module progressively correcting the sample brightness and contrast depending on the sample surface. Those tools we successfully used to generate tridimensional high resolution images of the fly Drosophila melanogaster brain, in particular, its octopaminergic and dopaminergic neurons and their synapses. Those monoamine neurons appear to be determinant in the correct operating of the central nervous system and a precise and systematic analysis of their evolution and interaction is necessary to understand its mechanisms. If an evolution over time could not be highlighted through the pre-synaptic sites analysis, our study suggests however that the inactivation of one of these neuron types triggers drastic changes in the neural network
Khamis, David. „SECM à haute résolution temporelle pour l'étude de processus électrocatalytiques“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJerosolimski, Guillaume. „Imagerie thermique haute résolution de circuits intégrés en fonctionnement par thermoréflectance“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066596.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaillat, Ludovic. „Nano-sondes optiques à forte non-linéarite pour l'imagerie cellulaire à haute résolution“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMajor bottleneck in microscopic imaging is the limited lateral resolution due to the diffraction of light. To overcome this limit, here we demonstrate the up-conversion process in the rare earth doped nanoparticles, which may serve as an original fluorescence source mechanism. Rare earth doped nanoparticles, have been reported to serve as efficient bio-labels for cellular and small animal imaging. In this work, we demonstrate that non-linearity of up-conversion allows achieving high lateral resolution in the images using multiphoton microscopy, demonstrating significant improvement in lateral resolution, using low pumping laser power. This new technique may serve as another approach for high-resolution optical imaging
Fahys, Audrey. „Micro et nano-antennes adaptées à la microscopie champ proche et à l'imagerie haute résolution“. Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work consists of the study and the implementation of a near-field optical microscopy using annular nano-antennas to distinguish electric and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field, detected close to a sample. We present near-field microscopy by advancing the importance of intrinsic characteristics of an illumination system, and also the role of nanocollector in interaction with electromagnetic field. The antennas are one of major stake in the art to detect electromagnetic fields, then we give antennas mapping in various scope frequencies and their respective applications for near-field microscopy. We explain the fabrication in four steps of a metallic annular nano-antenna with specific size at the extremity of an optical fiber. After describing the illumination system and the experimental setup for the optical characterization, we present the study of a new typical probe: an annular nano-antenna at the extremity of fiber micro-axicon. By running the polychromatic polarized Bessel beam properties, we can access to collection properties due to the annular structure. We show that a nano-antenna can selectively collect the longitudinal component of the electric field from a radially polarized beam and the longitudinal component of the magnetic field from an azimuthally polarized beam. Therefore, we can expect a new analyze for electric or magnetic properties of samples in near-field scanning optical microscopy
Revol, Jean-François. „Microscopie électronique à haute résolution appliquée à la cellulose et à la chitine“. Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuétaz, Laure. „Étude par microscopie électronique haute résolution de la déformation d'un superalliage Ni-Co“. Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeurer-Grob, Patricia. „Etude structurale des microtubules à haute résolution“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaikouk, Hajar. „Imagerie par microscopie acoustique haute résolution en profondeur de la surface interne d'une gaine de crayon combustible de type REP“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS101/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel rods are made of ceramic pellets (UO2,(U,Pu)O2 or gadolinium fuel) assembled in a zirconium alloy cladding tube. By design, an initial gap, filled with helium, exists between these two elements. However during irradiation this gap decreases gradually, on the one hand, owing to a variation in cladding diameter, due to creepdown caused by pressure from the coolant, and, on the other hand, increased pellet diameter, due to thermal expansion, and swelling. In hot conditions, during the second or third cycle of irradiation, the pellet/cladding gap is closed. However, during the return to cooler conditions, the gap can reopen. At a high burnup (generally beyond the 3rd cycle of irradiation) an inner zirconia layer of the order of 10 to 15 $mu$m is developed by oxidation leading to a chemical bonding between the pellet and the cladding. This bonding layer may contribute to a non-reopening of the pellet-cladding gap.Currently, only destructive examinations, after cutting fuel rods, allow the visualization of this area, however, they require a preliminary preparation of the samples in a hot cell. This limits the number of tests and measurements on the fuel rods. In this context, the Institute of Electronic and Systems of Montpellier University (IES - UMR CNRS 5214), in collaboration with the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Electricité de France (EDF) and Framatome, is developing a high frequency acoustic microscope adapted to the control and imaging of the pellet/cladding interface by taking into account the complexity of the structure's cladding which has a tubular form. Because the geometrical, chemical and mechanical nature of the contact interface is neither axially nor radially homogeneous, the ultrasonic system must allow the acquisition of 2D images of this interface by means of controlled displacements of the sample rod along both its axis and its circumference. The final objective of the designed acoustic microscope is to be introduced in hot cells
Glushonkov, Oleksandr. „Imagerie de fluorescence à haute résolution : étude de la localisation nucléolaire de la protéine de la nucléocapside du VIH“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this experimental thesis work, we investigated the nuclear and nucleolar localization of the nucleocapsid protein (NC) of HIV-1. Previous studies performed in our laboratory evidenced a strong accumulation of NC in a subnuclear structure called nucleolus. Playing role in multiple cellular processes, nucleolus is often targeted by viruses to promote their replication. Electron microscopy revealed three nucleolar components (fibrillar centers, dense fibrillar component and granular component) associated to specific steps of the ribosome biogenesis. To characterize the distribution of the NC in these three sub-compartments and therefore shed light on the nucleolar localization of NC during the replication cycle, we developed a high-resolution optical microscopy approach. After having minimized the optical aberrations and corrected the mechanical drifts inherent to the imaging setup, the NC-mEos2 fusion protein overexpressed in HeLa cells was visualized simultaneously with immunolabeled nucleolar markers. The use of high-resolution fluorescence microscopy enabled us to resolve for the first time the three nucleolar compartments and to demonstrate the preferential localization of NC in the granular compartment of nucleolus. Finally, preliminary experiments performed with living cells showed that NC is actively transported in the nucleus and therefore may interact directly with nucleolar proteins
Fahys, A. „Micro et nano-antennes adaptées à la microscopie champ proche et à l'imagerie haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous présentons la genèse de la microscopie en champ proche en mettant en avant l'importance des caractéristiques intrinsèques du système d'éclairage employé mais également le rôle primordial du nanocollecteur en interaction avec le champ électromagnétique. Les antennes étant un des enjeux majeurs dans l'art de détecter les champs électromagnétiques, nous donnons ensuite une cartographie des antennes dans différents domaines de fréquences ainsi que leurs applications respectives en champ proche. Puis nous exposons les étapes nécessaires à la fabrication d'une nano-antenne annulaire métallique aux dimensions spécifiques, à l'extrémité d'une fibre optique.
La description du système d'éclairage et du montage général de caractérisation nous amène enfin à présenter l'étude d'un nouveau type de sonde que constitue une nano-antenne annulaire usinée à l'extrémité d'un micro-axicon fibré. En exploitant les propriétés d'un faisceau de Bessel polarisé polychromatique, nous accédons aux propriétés de collection de la structure annulaire. Nous mettons en évidence le fait que ces antennes peuvent collecter spécifiquement la composante longitudinale du champ électrique en polarisation radiale ou du champ magnétique en polarisation orthoradiale. L'analyse des propriétés magnétiques et électriques d'échantillons en microscopie optique champ proche
s'annoncent, de ce fait, sous un nouveau jour.
Jouneau, Pierre-Henri. „Etude par microscopie électronique haute résolution d'hétérostructures de semiconducteurs II-VI épitaxiées par jets moléculaires“. Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharaï, Ahmed. „Etude par microscopie électronique à haute résolution des étapes initiales de transformations à l'état solide“. Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVabre, Laurent. „Microscopie interférentielle pour imagerie tridimensionnelle à très haute haute résolution : application à la topographie et à l'imagerie dans les milieux diffusants“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the results obtained in two domains of application of interference microscopy. The main focus of study is the instruments them-selves, where the same experimental setup is used whatever the application. It is based on a Michelson interferometer with microscope objective in each arms (Linnik). The interference images are formed on a CCD camera. An original multiplexed lock-in detection is performed in parallel on all the pixels of the CCD, enabling signal extraction. It is possible to obtain interference image at a rate of up to 50 Hz. The successive generations of microscope and their performances are presented here. The first application is three (three-dimensional imagery of surfaces like micro-electronic components. The aim is to obtain high resolution topographies. We use here the phase of the interference signal. We have obtained vertical resolution close to few hundred picometers, with lateral resolution close to 1 micron. The second application is tomographic imagery inside biological tissues with one micron resolution three dimensions. The depth selection is achieved by the very short temporal coherence of the light source (OCT technique: Optical Coherence Tomography). A micronic resolution has been obtained, equivalent to the resolution obtained with the best current OCT setup in the world. High resolution images of various biological tissues, plant and animal, are presented. Many perspectives of this technique are presented in domains such as optical component imagery or 3D optical data storage
Mugnier, Laurent. „Problèmes inverses en Haute Résolution Angulaire“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBodier-Houlle, Patricia. „Etude et microscopie électronique de haute résolution de la minéralisation dentinaire à la jonction émail-dentine“. Strasbourg 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1D002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiorgio, Suzanne. „Mise en évidence de défauts dans les cristaux de polymères, par microscopie électronique à haute résolution“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurek, Natalia. „Imagerie à haute résolution des assemblages moléculaires par nc-AFM et KPFM à basse température“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe progress of non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (nc-AFM) in the last decade enabled studying the structural and electronic properties of molecules at the submolecular scale. The process of tip functionalization relying in attaching single atoms or molecules to the tip apex demonstrated an enhanced resolution in both STM and AFM images, such that the chemical structures of many different molecules deposited on metallic surfaces have been resolved. However, few studies have been presented on a semiconductor surface so far. In this work, we study the formation of molecular self-assemblies on the passivated surface of boron doped silicon Si(111)-(√3x√3)R30°-B by combined STM/nc-AFM with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). The experiments have been performed on the Joule-Thomson Scanning Probe Microscope (SPECS), working in ultra high vacuum at temperature of 4 K, using a high stiffness sensor (Kolibri, k=540 kN/m, f0=1 MHz). The investigated molecules are: 1-(4’cyanophenyl)-2,5-bis(decyloxy)-4-(4’-iodophenyl)benzene (CDB-I), which possess two aliphatic chains attached to a triphenyl core ended with two different terminations (either iodine or cyano group) and non-polar 1,4 bis(4'cyanophenyl)-2,5bis(decyloxy)benzene (CDB) molecule, with two identical cyano group terminations. The first main objective of this work was to verify the sensitivity of the Kolibri sensor in the charge detection. KPFM measurements of boron doped silicon defects are presented, showing different charge states for dangling bond (DB), silicon vacancy and buried boron dopant defects. A positive charge state is found for the DB, in accordance with previous STM studies. The surface potential of this defect constitutes a reference value of a single charge on the surface. The second objective of this thesis was to obtain submolecular resolution in topography and electrical imaging on molecules, without intentional tip functionalization. A submolecular contrast is observed in the frequency shift images of single molecules with identification of the three-phenyl core and details of the aliphatic chains. Moreover, a high resolution is obtained in the surface potential images from KPFM measurements as well. Depending on type of the adsorption of molecule on the surface, two different KPFM contrasts are distinguished. Lastly, the comparison of organization in the assemblies is done for both CDB and CDB-I molecules. A similar organization is found for both molecules in nc-AFM images. The asymmetry of the nc-AFM topography and KPFM map of CDB-I molecules indicates the dipolar organization along a given assembly row
Baik, Hion Suck. „Modélisation, simulation et analyse quantitative d'images de matériaux amorphes en microscopie électronique par transmission à haute résolution“. Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) is a very powerful tool for structural studies of amorphous materials. The aim of this work to understand the limits of TEM regarding the quantification of structural information present in high resolution images obtained from amorphous thin films: in particular, a relevant question is to know if atomic distribution functions, for example the Radial Distribution Function RDF(r), can be reconstructed from experimental micrographs. After a bibliographical review of the structural description of amorphous materials in terms of atomic distribution functions, we have described the possible numerical methods available with a view of better modeling non crystalline structures, in order to simulate HRTEM images. An analytical procedure allowing the RDF(r) to be constructed from HRTEM images is then developed, and applied academically for a realistic model of a simple mono-atomic non crystalline material, i. E. Amorphous germanium. An experimental approach is finally presented, which consists in a quantitative analysis of results obtained for amorphous germanium on an electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun and operating at 200 kV, with an information limit 0. 14 nm at least. We show that the quality of the determination of experimental parameters is critical, especially the optical parameters, i. E. Defocus and spherical aberration coefficient, as well as the experimental thickness of the observed film. The comparison method of experimental with simulated images using different possible models set in reciprocal space is numerically carried out, in terms of a quantitative treatment of diffractograms obtained by Fourier Transform of images. In conclusion it is demonstrated that a structural information can clearly be restored from experimental observations done in optimal conditions, however the quantitative treatment that has to be undertaken is very time-consuming
Cavatore, Etienne. „Microscopie optique appliquée à la micro-manipulation par pinces magnétiques à haute résolution et à la visualisation de nano-objets métalliques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627431.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMau, Adrien. „Développements pour l'imagerie quantitative et à haut contenu en microscopie de fluorescence classique et super-résolue“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFluorescence and Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) allows for thespecific labeling and imaging of biological samples, and are an essential tool for biologists.However, images are generally non-quantitative and limited in feld of view, as well as in imagingtimes. These limits are fundamentally linked to the illumination scheme, which should be optimized both in term of uniformity, but also in control of the irradiance. We propose a novelillumination scheme named ASTER, which allow for a versatile and uniform illumination and is compatible with classical optical sectioning schemes. We first apply ASTER to fluorescence microscopy and particularly the imaging of live dynamic samples. Then we show the ability toobtain uniform resolution in SMLM, as well as the potential of ASTER's versatility. One mayreduce the uorescent background, image wide200 x 200 µm² fields, or realize a SMLM image under a minute. Finally, we present theimplementation of a multicolor SMLM experiment, allowing for the simultaneous imaging ofdifferent structures with cross-talks around 2%.This method is quanti ed and optimized, andthen applied to two and three color imaging, aswell as 3D imaging. Different perspectives for ASTER and multicolor imaging are then proposed
Leguerney, Ingrid. „Caractérisation de la microstructure et des propriétés matérielles de l'os cortical par microscopie acoustique à balayage de haute résolution“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAyatti, Hassan. „Étude structurale du carbure Cr7C3 et du borure Ru7B3 par diffraction électronique en faisceau convergent et par microscopie électronique en haute résolution“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHadj, Belgacem Chokri. „Caractérisation par microscopie électronique à transmission conventionnelle et haute résolution des défauts de réseau d'une phase C16:Al2Cu (0)“. Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrystalline defects of the AI2Cu(0) phase were studied by means of three different techniques in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ln two-beam TEM, interpretation difficulties arose from using the application of classical extinction criterion. They were solved in writing a new computer program taking into account of the elastic relaxation of the dislocation near the free surfaces of the thin foi!. Ln in situ TEM, observations of a single crystal AbCu(0) heated at 370ʿC prove that, at this temperature, the thermal stresses are relaxed via two routes: by cross slip and emission of planar defects. Ln high resolution TEM, observations show the presence of dislocations with b = <001> or <111>. The mechanical stability of a group of three dislocations that have strong elastic interactions has been explained from te consideration of the elastic anisotropy of AbCu(0), even if this latter is rather weak
Souchay, Henri. „Microscopie électronique à transmission en haute résolution numérique et quantitative : développement d'un outil interactif d'acquisition, simulation et analyse d'images“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0625.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHadj, Belgacem Chokri. „Caractérisation par microscopie électronique à transmission conventionnelle et haute résolution des défauts de réseau d'une phase C16:Al2Cu (0)“. Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrystalline defects of the AI2Cu(0) phase were studied by means of three different techniques in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ln two-beam TEM, interpretation difficulties arose from using the application of classical extinction criterion. They were solved in writing a new computer program taking into account of the elastic relaxation of the dislocation near the free surfaces of the thin foi!. Ln in situ TEM, observations of a single crystal AbCu(0) heated at 370ʿC prove that, at this temperature, the thermal stresses are relaxed via two routes: by cross slip and emission of planar defects. Ln high resolution TEM, observations show the presence of dislocations with b = <001> or <111>. The mechanical stability of a group of three dislocations that have strong elastic interactions has been explained from te consideration of the elastic anisotropy of AbCu(0), even if this latter is rather weak
Lavergne, Jean-Louis. „Imagerie chimique à haute résolution spatiale "images-spectres" : Application à la caractérisation des cristaux composites d'halogénures d'argent“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichaud, Henri-Marc. „Interaction dislocations-joints de grains dans le germanium : étude par microscopies électroniques in situ et à haute résolution“. Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRavelle-Chapuis, Régis. „Etudes structurales à haute résolution de poudres de zircones ultrafines élaborées à basse température en milieu de sels fondus“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaffré, Britta. „Mise au point de méthodes innovantes d'échographie quantitative de très haute résolution du cartilage articulaire : applications à l'évaluation de thérapeutiques“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePURPOSE: Current imaging modalities do not allow early diagnosis of degenerative joint disease before irreversible damage occurs. Our group bas shown that 50 MHz ultrasonography (25 mM resolution) is able to detect early cartilage lesions induced by an experimental model of osteoarthritis in rats. Backscatter seems sensitive to collagen network organization but not to proteoglycan content. The purpose of the current work was the development of high-resolution ultrasound imaging techniques to characterize cartilage and subchondral bone and their application to the evaluation of therapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied the effects on rat cartilage and bone of a model of arthritis and of anti-inflammatory drugs by 50 MHz quantitative ultrasonography and scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM, 100-400 MHz). We have also used 50 MHz ultrasonography to characterize human osteoarthritic cartilage. Our results were compared to reference techniques such as histology, biochemistry and microradiography. RESULTS: 50 MHz ultrasound is sensitive to the effects of arthritis and anti-inflammatory drugs on rat cartilage and bone and to the reorganization of the collagen network related to the localization on the human tibial plateau. SAM allows visualization of the changes of calcified cartilage and bone during maturation and induced by a model of arthritis and appears to reveal a difference in the degree of mineralization between these two tissues. CONCLUSION: Our results show the value of 50 MHz quantitative ultrasonography for the characterization of human and animal cartilage in different pathological stages and its follow-up during therapeutic treatment. Quantitative SAM appears to be a promising technique to study the changes in density and/or elasticity of mineralised tissues
Martel, Laura. „Etude de la séparation de phase dans des verres silicatés par résonance magnétique nucléaire haute résolution solide et microscopie electronique“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065654.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTastet, Xavier. „Validation d'un modèle de simulation d'imagerie par microscopie électronique à balayage par l'étude d'hétérostructures semi-conductrices de très haute résolution“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1257.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePutaux, Jean-Luc. „Evolution structurale du joint de grains [sigma] = 9 (122) déformé, dans le silicium : étude par microscopie électronique à haute résolution“. Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10134.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKajbaji, Mohamed El. „Etude du joint de grain [SIGMA] = 9 dans le silicium parfait, déformé et recuit par microscopie électronique à haute résolution“. Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarti, Philippe. „Etude à l'échelle nanométrique par microscopie à haute résolution et spectrométrie de pertes d'énergie d'électrons de codépôts (AIN-Si3N4) sur SiC“. Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30397.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoust, Fabrice. „Microscopie ionique à balayage à haute résolution spatiale : obtention simultanée d'images filtrées par un spectromètre de masses à fort pouvoir séparateur“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Gleuher Maïté. „Altération hydrothermale des pyroxènes (serpentines, talc, amphiboles) : influence du degré d'ouverture du sytème d'altération, apports de la microscopie électronique haute résolution“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThiébaud, Christophe. „Apport de l'inspection haute résolution à l'étude de matériaux ferroélectriques en couches minces. Activité électro-optique champ lointain d'un fluide électrorhéologique“. Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePonzio, Serge. „Etude d'un système de numérisation d'image haute définition : application au traitement d'images obtenues par microscopie électronique“. Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCabillic, Marine. „Caractérisation de l'organisation et du trafic de paires récepteur/anticorps thérapeutiques par microscopie de localisation de molécules uniques couplée au criblage à haut débit“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImmuno-oncology is a young and growing field at the frontier of cancer therapy. Immuno-oncology therapies aim to stimulate the body's immune system to target and attack the tumor through therapeutic antibodies, by binding and modifying the intracellular signaling of T-cells (lymphocytes playing a central role in the immune response) surface receptors. Understanding how the spatial organization of receptors and signaling proteins is regulated and how it determines lymphocyte activation and cell fate decisions has become a ‘holy grail’ for cellular immunology. To achieve this goal, a better comprehension of antibodies functions and subcellular trafficking is requested to explain the differential efficacies of therapeutic candidates targeting receptors of interest. Quantitative super-resolution microscopy provides access to the nanoscale organization of membrane receptors playing a physiological role. It offers a new investigation tool for antibody optimization as well as maximizing their functional efficacy. In combination with high throughput screening techniques, it has the potential to play a crucial role in the early phases of projects in which it is necessary to select the best antibodies from banks that may contain several hundred of them. The goal of this PhD thesis was to functionally characterize receptor/antibodies pairs organization and trafficking by quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) combined with high content screening (HCS). In this context, we have developed and used an HCS-SMLM platform to characterize multiple antibodies targeting T-cell membrane receptors, allowing gathering unprecedented quantitative insight of potential therapeutic candidates. We also optimized the single objective light-sheet microscope (soSPIM) to permit 3D mapping of membrane receptors across an entire T-cell, with single molecule resolution. It allows 3D nanoscale imaging of T-cells in more physiological conditions, and provide complementary information compared to large scale single molecule screening experiments. Altogether, these developments improved our comprehension of antibody mode of action on receptors at the single cell level. Large-scale experiments performed during this work required the development of several software for the automation of the acquisition and the statistical analysis of the Terabytes of single molecule data generated.This project is focused on targeting PD-1, a control point of the immune system involved in the modulation of immune cells activation. The first part of the thesis was mainly devoted to the implementation of new protocols for PD-1 receptors super-resolution imaging on activated Jurkat cells. In the second part, we further investigated the impact of known anti-PD-1 therapeutic antibodies used in clinics, on the nanoscale spatial organization and dynamics of PD-1 receptors in living cells using our HCS-SMLM platform. This work provides the proof of concept of the capacity of these cutting-edge imaging techniques to characterize quantitatively different therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 on T-cell membrane
During, Annelise. „Microscopie photothermique et endommagement laser“. Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00082735.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHüe, Florian. „Mesures de déformations dans des dispositifs de la microélectronique par microscopie électronique en transmission en haute résolution et holographie en champ sombre“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/325/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStrained silicon is now an integral feature of microelectronic devices due to the associated enhancement in carrier mobility. The general aim of this thesis is to explore how transmission electron microscopy can be used to measure strain in such systems. We show in particular how Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) of High Resolution Electron Microscopy images (HREM) can be used to study thin layers of strained silicon grown upon virtual substrates of Si1-xGex. By studying different virtual substrate compositions and different layer thicknesses we have optimized the technique and evaluated its accuracy and reliability. Accuracy in strain measurement can reach 0. 2% for fields of view of 200 nm x 200 nm. The detailed comparison of experimental measurements and finite element simulations allows the quantification of thin foil relaxation for TEM lamellas. We show, for the first time, that strain can be mapped in two dimensions in an actual device, a p-MOSFET, with a spatial resolution of 2 nm. The second part concerns a new method developed in the CEMES-CNRS laboratory: dark-field holography. With the aid of a field emission gun and a biprism, interferometric fringes are created between a diffracted wave coming from a perfect crystal and a diffracted wave coming from a distorted area. Analysis of the hologram allows us to determine strain. Very large field of view (500 nm by 2 µm) can be obtained with an even better precision than HREM: 0. 02%. Finally, the complementarity of the two techniques is demonstrated through the study of various systems such as multichannel, uniaxial compressed p-MOSFETs (SiGe) with different channel lengths or uniaxial tensile strained n-MOSFETs (Si:C)
Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale. „Etude par microscopie électronique à haute résolution de multicouches métalliques à fort désaccord paramétrique : systèmes Au/Ni, Ag/Ni et Au/Co“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrăciun, Paula. „Géométrie stochastique pour la détection et le suivi d'objets multiples dans des séquences d'images haute résolution de télédétection“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we combine the methods from probability theory and stochastic geometry to put forward new solutions to the multiple object detection and tracking problem in high resolution remotely sensed image sequences. We create a framework based on spatio-temporal marked point process models to jointly detect and track multiple objects in image sequences. We propose the use of simple parametric shapes to describe the appearance of these objects. We build new, dedicated energy based models consisting of several terms that take into account both the image evidence and physical constraints such as object dynamics, track persistence and mutual exclusion. We construct a suitable optimization scheme that allows us to find strong local minima of the proposed highly non-convex energy. As the simulation of such models comes with a high computational cost, we turn our attention to the recent filter implementations for multiple object tracking, which are known to be less computationally expensive. We propose a hybrid sampler by combining the Kalman filter with the standard Reversible Jump MCMC. High performance computing techniques are also used to increase the computational efficiency of our method. We provide an in-depth analysis of the proposed framework based on standard multiple object tracking metrics and computational efficiency
Laloum, David. „Tomographie par rayons X haute résolution : application à l'intégration 3D pour la microélectronique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, an original non-destructive 3D characterization technique has been developed : the X-ray tomography hosted in a scanning electron microscope. This instrument is not widely used in the microelectronics field. This computed tomography (CT) system has been used for the high resolution analysis of metallic interconnections such as copper pillars and through silicon vias (TSVs). These components are widely used in the field of 3D integration to make vertical stacks of interconnected chips.The most significant contributions of this thesis are : (1) the enhancement of the analytical capabilities of the instrument. Many studies – simulations and experiments – have been performed in order to determine and improve the 2D and 3D resolutions of this imaging system. It has been shown that the 2D resolution of this instrument can reach 60 nanometers. The quality of the projections and reconstruction has also been improved through the implementation of iterative reconstruction algorithms and various projections alignment methods. (2) The reduction of the scanning time by a factor 3 through the implementation of constrained reconstruction techniques such as the reconstruction method based on the total variation minimization. (3) The application of effective correction algorithms for removing reconstruction artefacts due to the polychromaticity of the X-ray beam. (4) The application of all these reconstruction methods and algorithms on real cases encountered by materials engineers