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Shen, Minchong, Jiangang Li, Yuanhua Dong, Zhengkun Zhang, Yu Zhao, Qiyun Li, Keke Dang, Junwei Peng und Hong Liu. „The Effects of Microbial Inoculants on Bacterial Communities of the Rhizosphere Soil of Maize“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 5 (25.04.2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050389.
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The bacterial community of rhizosphere soil maintains soil properties, regulates the microbiome, improves productivity, and sustains agriculture. However, the structure and function of bacterial communities have been interrupted or destroyed by unreasonable agricultural practices, especially the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Microbial inoculants, regarded as harmless, effective, and environmentally friendly amendments, are receiving more attention. Herein, the effects of three microbial inoculants, inoculant M and two commercial inoculants (A and S), on bacterial communities of maize rhizosphere soil under three nitrogen application rates were compared. Bacterial communities treated with the inoculants were different from those of the non-inoculant control. The OTU (operational taxonomic unit) numbers and alpha diversity indices were decreased by three inoculants, except for the application of inoculant M in CF group. Beta diversity showed the different structures of bacterial communities changed by three inoculants compared with control. Furthermore, key phylotypes analyses exhibited the differences of biomarkers between different treatments visually. Overall, inoculant M had shared and unique abilities of regulating bacterial communities compared with the other two inoculants by increasing potentially beneficial bacteria and decreasing the negative. This work provides a theoretical basis for the application of microbial inoculants in sustainable agriculture.
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Li, Chong, Zhaohui Jia, Shilin Ma, Xin Liu, Jinchi Zhang und Christoph Müller. „Plant and Native Microorganisms Amplify the Positive Effects of Microbial Inoculant“. Microorganisms 11, Nr. 3 (24.02.2023): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030570.
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Microbial inoculants can be used to restore abandoned mines because of their positive effects on plant growth and soil nutrients. Currently, soils in greenhouse pot studies are routinely sterilized to eradicate microorganisms, allowing for better inoculant colonization. Large-scale field sterilization of abandoned mining site soils for restoration is difficult, though. In addition, microbial inoculants have an impact on plants. Plants also have an impact on local microbes. The interactions among microbial inoculants, native microorganisms, and plants, however, have not been studied. We created a pot experiment utilizing the soil and microbial inoculant from a previous experiment because it promoted plant growth in that experiment. To evaluate the effects of the plants, native microorganisms, and microbial inoculants, we assessed several indicators related to soil elemental cycling and integrated them into the soil multifunctionality index. The addition of the microbial inoculant and sterilizing treatment had a significant impact on alfalfa growth. When exposed to microbial inoculant treatments, the plant and sterilization treatments displayed radically different functional characteristics, where most of the unsterilized plant treatment indices were higher than those of the others. The addition of microbial inoculant significantly increased soil multifunctionality in plant treatments, particularly in the unsterilized plant treatment, where the increase in soil multifunctionality was 260%. The effect size result shows that the positive effect of microbial inoculant on soil multifunctionality and unsterilized plant treatment had the most significant promotion effect. Plant and native microorganisms amplify the positive effects of microbial inoculant.
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Liu, Yi-Ming, Fang Zheng, Zhao-Hui Liu, Hai-Bo Lan, Ye-Hong Cui, Tong-Guo Gao, Marja Roitto und Ai-Fang Wang. „Enhanced Root and Stem Growth and Physiological Changes in Pinus bungeana Zucc. Seedlings by Microbial Inoculant Application“. Forests 13, Nr. 11 (04.11.2022): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111836.
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Background and Objectives: As an extensively used tree species in landscaping and afforestation in China, lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana Zucc.) seedlings are in high demand. However, the small number of fine roots and the low growth rate of lacebark pine seedlings increase the risks encountered during transplant and extend the nursery time for outplanting. We aimed to find out whether a microbial inoculant would promote root growth and accordingly, shorten the nursery cultivation time. Materials and Methods: One-year-old lacebark pine seedlings were treated with the inoculant Bacillus subtilis 8–32 six times from June to September. At each application time, five treatments of undiluted microbial inoculants (UM), 30 times diluted microbial inoculants (30 DM), 40 times diluted microbial inoculants (40 DM), 50 times diluted microbial inoculants (50 DM), and distilled water as a control (CTRL) were administered to the seedlings. In the end, all the seedlings were harvested to measure the root growth, aboveground growth, and the physiological indices. Results: Root and stem growth was enhanced by the inoculants in terms of the increased number of root tips, the length and surface area of the roots, the biomass of the roots and stems, as well as the increase in height and basal stem diameter. The chlorophyll a/b of the needles was increased, in spite of the fact that the total chlorophyll content was decreased by the microbial inoculant treatments at the end of the growth phase. Meanwhile, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the needles was increased by the inoculant treatments. The soluble sugar content was additionally translocated into the stems in the UM treatment, suggesting the change in carbon allocation. The content of available potassium, phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen in the potting soil was increased in the 30 DM group, and the content of soil organic matter was increased in all the inoculant treatments. Conclusions: The microbial inoculant Bacillus subtilis 8–32, in appropriate concentrations, could be applied to promote root and shoot growth and improve the seedling quality of the lacebark pine during cultivation.
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Broschat, Timothy K., und Monica L. Elliott. „Effects of Fertilization and Microbial Inoculants Applied at Transplanting on the Growth of Mexican Fan Palm and Queen Palm“. HortTechnology 19, Nr. 2 (Januar 2009): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.324.
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Container-grown mexican fan palm (Washingtonia robusta) and queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana) transplanted into a field nursery having phosphorus (P)-sufficient and P-deficient soils were treated at the time of planting with four commercial microbial inoculants (each containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, alone or with other microbial components or fertilizers), two fertilizers, or nothing (control). All but the control palms received applications of an 8N–0.9P–10K palm fertilizer every 3 months for 2 years. None of the treatments improved growth over the control in the P-deficient soil. In the P-sufficient soil, none of the microbial inoculants improved growth over that of similarly fertilized noninoculated palms. Discrepancies were observed regarding nonmycorrhizal fungi and bacteria present in the microbial inoculant products. The type and quantity of these microbes listed on the labels of the microbial inoculant products did not necessarily match the type and quantity actually detected in the products.
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Calvo, Pamela, Dexter B. Watts, Joseph W. Kloepper und H. Allen Torbert. „The influence of microbial-based inoculants on N2O emissions from soil planted with corn (Zea maysL.) under greenhouse conditions with different nitrogen fertilizer regimens“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2016): 1041–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0122.
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are increasing at an unprecedented rate owing to the increased use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Thus, new innovative management tools are needed to reduce emissions. One potential approach is the use of microbial inoculants in agricultural production. In a previous incubation study, we observed reductions in N2O emissions when microbial-based inoculants were added to soil (no plants present) with N fertilizers under laboratory incubations. This present study evaluated the effects of microbial-based inoculants on N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when applied to soil planted with corn (Zea mays L.) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Inoculant treatments consisted of (i) SoilBuilder (SB), (ii) a metabolite extract of SoilBuilder (SBF), and (iii) a mixture of 4 strains of plant-growth-promoting Bacillus spp. (BM). Experiments included an unfertilized control and 3 N fertilizers: urea, urea – ammonium nitrate with 32% N (UAN-32), and calcium – ammonium nitrate with 17% N (CAN-17). Cumulative N2O fluxes from pots 41 days after planting showed significant reductions in N2O of 15% (SB), 41% (BM), and 28% (SBF) with CAN-17 fertilizer. When UAN-32 was used, reductions of 34% (SB), 35% (SBF), and 49% (BM) were obtained. However, no reductions in N2O emissions occurred with urea. Microbial-based inoculants did not affect total CO2emissions from any of the fertilized treatments or the unfertilized control. N uptake was increased by an average of 56% with microbial inoculants compared with the control (nonmicrobial-based treatments). Significant increases in plant height, SPAD chlorophyll readings, and fresh and dry shoot mass were also observed when the microbial-based treatments were applied (with and without N). Overall, results demonstrate that microbial inoculants can reduce N2O emissions following fertilizer application depending on the N fertilizer type used and can enhance N uptake and plant growth. Future studies are planned to evaluate the effectiveness of these microbial inoculants in field-based trials and determine the mechanisms involved in N2O reduction.
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Prischmann-Voldseth, Deirdre A., Tülin Özsisli, Laura Aldrich-Wolfe, Kirk Anderson und Marion O. Harris. „Microbial Inoculants Differentially Influence Plant Growth and Biomass Allocation in Wheat Attacked by Gall-Inducing Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)“. Environmental Entomology 49, Nr. 5 (29.08.2020): 1214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa102.
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Abstract Beneficial root microbes may mitigate negative effects of crop pests by enhancing plant tolerance or resistance. We used a greenhouse experiment to investigate impacts of commercially available microbial root inoculants on growth and biomass allocation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. [Cyperales: Poaceae]) and on survival and growth of the gall-inducing wheat pest Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). A factorial design was used, with two near-isogenic wheat lines (one susceptible to Hessian fly, the other resistant), two levels of insect infestation (present, absent), and four inoculants containing: 1) Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand et al. (Rhodospirillales: Azospirillaceae), a plant growth-promoting bacterium, 2) Rhizophagus intraradices (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) (Glomerales: Glomeraceae), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, 3) A. brasilense + R. intraradices, and 4) control, no inoculant. Larval feeding stunted susceptible wheat shoots and roots. Plants had heavier roots and allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots when plants received the inoculant with R. intraradices, regardless of wheat genotype or insect infestation. Plants receiving the inoculant containing A. brasilense (alone or with R. intraradices) had comparable numbers of tillers between infested and noninsect-infested plants and, if plants were susceptible, a greater proportion of aboveground biomass was allocated to tillers. However, inoculants did not impact density or performance of Hessian fly immatures or metrics associated with adult fitness. Larvae survived and grew normally on susceptible plants and mortality was 100% on resistant plants irrespective of inoculants. This initial study suggests that by influencing plant biomass allocation, microbial inoculants may offset negative impacts of Hessian flies, with inoculant identity impacting whether tolerance is related to root or tiller growth.
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Ma, Hua, Vyacheslav Shurigin, Dilfuza Jabborova, Jeane Aril dela Cruz, Thomas Edison dela Cruz, Stephan Wirth, Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura und Dilfuza Egamberdieva. „The Integrated Effect of Microbial Inoculants and Biochar Types on Soil Biological Properties, and Plant Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)“. Plants 11, Nr. 3 (03.02.2022): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030423.
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Numerous reports confirm the positive effect of biochar application on soil properties and plant development. However, the interaction between root-associated beneficial microbes and different types of biochar is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the plant growth of lettuce after the application of three types of biochar in loamy, sandy soil individually and in combination with plant-beneficial microbes. Furthermore, total microbial activity in rhizosphere soil of lettuce was measured by means of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase and enzyme activities linked to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. We used three types of biochar: (i) pyrolysis char from cherry wood (CWBC), (ii) pyrolysis char from wood (WBC), and (iii) pyrolysis char from maize (MBC) at 2% concentration. Our results showed that pyrolysis biochars positively affected plant interaction with microbial inoculants. Plant dry biomass grown on soil amended with MBC in combination with Klebsiella sp. BS13 and Klebsiella sp. BS13 + Talaromyces purpureogenus BS16aPP inoculants was significantly increased by 5.8% and 18%, respectively, compared to the control plants. Comprehensively, interaction analysis showed that the biochar effect on soil enzyme activities involved in N and P cycling depends on the type of microbial inoculant. Microbial strains exhibited plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of indole 3-acetic-acid and hydrogen cyanide and phosphate-solubilizing ability. The effect of microbial inoculant also depends on the biochar type. In summary, these findings provide new insights into the understanding of the interactions between biochar and microbial inoculants, which may affect lettuce growth and development.
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Raja, P., und V. P. Santhi. „Comparative study of microbial inoculants of cultivated and virgin soils of Nilgiri Biosphere for plant growth promotion“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, Nr. 2 (15.06.2021): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/293-298.
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In virgin soils, microorganisms and plants live in harmony and both are dependent on each other for their livelihood. Absence of cultivation practices, undisturbed soil condition, high organic matter condition and other favourable conditions enables to flourish beneficial microbes. The research work was started to identify beneficial microbes from undisturbed virgin soils of Nilgiri biosphere with the ability to grow under low pH and under low temeperature conditions. Bio-inoculants viz., Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and pseudomonas were obtained from cultivated and virgin soil samples of Nilgiris biosphere. When compared with type cultures, virgin soil isolates of respective inoculants have recorded better results in promoting plant dry weight in paper towel method. In cross streak assay, selected isolates found to be compatible with each other. In lignite carrier base formulation, the inoculants have reached a maximum population level of 107 and phosphobacteria reached 108 level. The population remained steady at this level up to 3 months. In the field trial studies conducted, the treatment of Azospirillum + Azotobacter + Phosphobacteria + Pseudomonas + 75% RDF has recorded maximum population of all the inoculants at 45th day after sowing. However, the maximum yield was observed in 100% RDF and bio-inoculant consortium applied treatment. This was closely followed by 75% RDF and bio-inoculant consortium applied plots. The results of the field trial have shown that bio-inoculant consortium along with 75% RDF application will lead to maximum yield with 25% saving in chemical fertilizer application.
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Sharma, A. K., und P. N. Bhattacharyya. „Effect of Beneficial Microorganisms on Cowpea Productivity and Soil Health“. Journal of Advance Research in Pharmacy & Biological Science (ISSN: 2208-2360) 2, Nr. 5 (31.05.2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnpbs.v2i5.702.
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Soil microorganisms are the most abundant biota in soil, responsible for a number of abilities such as nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, maintenance of soil fertility and restoration and plant health and sustainability in ecosystem functioning. Beneficial microbial inoculants such as actinomycetes, diazotrophic bacteria, mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB), mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia etc. are known to promote plant growth. Microorganisms are also antagonistic to plant pests, parasites or diseases. Many of the beneficial microbials are naturally present in soil, although in certain cases, it may be advised to increase their populations and activity either through direct inoculation or by applying agricultural management techniques. In cognizance with the above, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculants on overall productivity of cowpea and soil health. Results revealed that the application of Rhizobium sp. as seed treatment increased the productivity of cowpea (up to 15%) at various stages of plant growth parameters like plant dry weight, no. of fresh leaves and branches, pods, overall leaf moisture and root length as compared to control. Total microbial population numbers, available K and phosphorus (P) in soil were also increased significantly after the soil was treated with this microbial inoculant indicating the role of beneficial microbial in improving the plant nutrient status and soil health.
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Adesemoye, A. O., H. A. Torbert und J. W. Kloepper. „Enhanced plant nutrient use efficiency with PGPR and AMF in an integrated nutrient management system“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2008): 876–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-081.
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A 3 year field study was conducted with field corn from 2005 to 2007 to test the hypothesis that microbial inoculants that increase plant growth and yield can enhance nutrient uptake, and thereby remove more nutrients, especially N, P, and K from the field as part of an integrated nutrient management system. The field trial evaluated microbial inoculants, which include a commercially available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and their combination across 2 tillage systems (no-till and conventional till) and 2 fertilization regimes (poultry litter and ammonium nitrate). Data were collected on plant height, yield (dry mass of ears and silage), and nutrient content of corn grain and silage. In addition, nutrient content of soil was determined, and bioavailability of soil nutrient was measured with plant root simulator probes. Results showed that inoculants promoted plant growth and yield. For example, grain yields (kg·ha–1) in 2007 for inoculants were 7717 for AMF, 7260 for PGPR+AMF, 7313 for PGPR, 5725 for the control group, and for fertilizer were 7470 for poultry litter and 6537 for NH4NO3. Nitrogen content per gram of grain tissues was significantly enhanced in 2006 by inoculant, fertilizer, and their interactions. Significantly higher amounts of N, P, and K were removed from the plots with inoculants, based on total nutrient content of grain per plot. These results supported the overall hypothesis and indicate that application of inoculants can lead to reduction in the build up of N, P, and K in agricultural soils. Further studies should be conducted to combine microbial inoculants with reduced rates of fertilizer.
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Oliveira, Andréia de, Marcelo Akira Saito, Alessandra Guedes Baleroni, Robson Akira Matsuzaki, Filipe Bertagna, Amanda Tami Kuroda Colevate, Carlos Alberto Scapim und Leandro Simoes Azevedo Gonçalves. „Methods of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in specialty maize genotypes under organic agriculture system“. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 44 (24.05.2022): e54910. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54910.
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Organic agriculture systems have the nutrients supplied by plant or animal by-products, bioinoculants, and compost-based products as earthworm composts and green manures. However, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil amendments depend on their sources, and soil amendments are generally not sufficient to supply the nutritional requirements of maize crops. Moreover, specialty maize requires high levels of N. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate specialty maize varieties supplied with two microbial inoculants applied in two inoculation methods. These factorial treatments were compared with their checks (varieties without inoculation), and the interaction among these factors was also investigated. The trials were carried out during the growing season in 2017–2018 in the State University of Maringá. The popcorn trial followed the randomized complete block design where the factorial 3 × 2 × 2 + 3 had five replications. The trial with white grits maize followed the same experimental design but the factorial scheme was 2 × 2 × 2 + 2 with three replications. Both trials had maize varieties and two species of microbial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium sp.) applied in two inoculation methods, in the seeds and the foliar spray at V4 stage of plant development. The response traits were grain yield and the components of crop production. In both trials, we verified that the majority of the interactions among the factors was non-significant (p > 0.05), indicating the independence of these factors. Furthermore, the microbial inoculants had no beneficial effects on the traits. The possibility of a higher crop yield did not confirm the application of the inoculant in the stage V4. The organic compost may be the key point in mitigating the treatments with microbial inoculants due to the availability of N in the first stages of plant development. The traits also suggest the necessity of more trials about the influence of microbial inoculants on specialty maize production.
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Rajasekar, Kuppuraj, Thilagavathy Daniel und Natchimuthu Karmegam. „Microbial Enrichment of Vermicompost“. ISRN Soil Science 2012 (08.03.2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/946079.
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The present study has been conducted to explore the possibility of enrichment of vermicompost with microbial inoculants (i.e., biofertilizer organisms), Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium leguminosarum, optimization of inoculum level, and time of inoculation during vermicomposting. The survival rate of each microbial inoculant, total microbial population in vermicompost, and their correlation with the microbial inoculants during the storage period (180 days) were assessed. The change in population of A. brasilense and R. leguminosarum in vermicompost (at 30, 35, and 40 mL/175 g substrates) with reference to storage period showed highly significant negative correlation (). The total microbial population in A. brasilense and R. leguminosarum inoculated vermicompost was high during initial phases of storage and then total microbial population declined towards the end. The inoculum level of A. brasilense and R. leguminosarum at 35 mL per 175 g vermibed substrate is sufficient to maintain viable cells up to 160 days after ther harvesting of vermicompost. The inoculum of these two biofertilizer organisms into vermibed on the 30th day showed increased survival rate and, hence, the optimized inoculation of 35 mL of inoculum per 175 g substrate on the 30th day of vermicomposting is helpful for the maintenance of sufficient viable population for more than five months in the enriched vermicompost.
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Leal, Aline Jaime, Edmo Montes Rodrigues, Patrícia Lopes Leal, Aline Daniela Lopes Júlio, Rita de Cássia Rocha Fernandes, Arnaldo Chaer Borges und Marcos Rogério Tótola. „Microbial inoculants produced from solid waste compost for bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils“. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 14, Nr. 2 (27.08.2019): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v14i2.177.
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A atividade microbiana pode ser estimulada a promover a remoção de hidrocarbonetos no solo ao se introduzir microrganismos hidrocarbonoclásticos. Inoculantes microbianos foram produzidos utilizando-se composto de lixo sólido municipal (CLSM) para a biorremediação de solos contaminados com óleo diesel. A aplicação de diesel ocorreu a cada quatro dias para o inoculante A e a cada oito para o inoculante B. Análises respirométricas, contagem de bactérias heterotróficas totais e avaliação de hidrocarbonetos totais do petróleo (HTP) foram realizadas. Os inoculantes foram avaliados imediatamente após a produção e o armazenamento, à temperatura ambiente e sob refrigeração. A degradação de HTP após 20 dias foi maior na concentração de 30 g/kg. Nesta concentração, a biodegradação de HTP permaneceu entre 98,3 e 99,4%. Após armazenamento, a eficiência do inoculante A foi de 96,5% de degradação (temperatura ambiente) e 98,1% (sob refrigeração). O inoculante B apresentou significativa redução de eficiência após armazenamento, especialmente à temperatura ambiente. A adição de inoculantes aumentou significativamente a densidade de bactérias cultiváveis no solo contaminado com diesel, mesmo após armazenamento. O uso de CLSM na dose de 30 g/kg foi uma estratégia efetiva para a biorremediação de solos contaminados com diesel, permitindo a eliminação de mais de 99% dos contaminantes em 20 dias.
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Chernyuk, S., V. Bomko, A. Zagorodnii, O. Chernyavskyy, M. Slomchynskyy und S. Babenko. „Ефективність відгодівлі молодняку великої рогатої худоби за використання силосу, законсервованого біологічним інокулянтом“. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, Nr. 4 (28.12.2017): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_164.
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<p>There has been the impact on the corn silage harvesting and the influence of the corn silage store technology of the microbial inoculants studied. The main advantages and the prospects of the silage inoculants using were outlined. This has been the supplements of microorganism’s inhibition impact on the molds and the fungi development established. Thereby, this was possible to provide the initial properties of raw materials preservation. The use of the 11C33 inoculants at a dose of1 gramper 1 tone of the silage during the storage period provides the dry matter reduction at a rate of 6.9 % versus 14.9 % in comparison with the control group respectively. According to the requirements of the GOST 4782:2007 and the results of the biochemical silage studies the harvested feed without the inoculants using can be classified as the 3rd class. However, the treated silage with the 11C33 inoculant can be classified as the 1st class. The biological conservant inoculation during the milky-wax stage of ripeness helps the feed nutrients to have the better preservation. And the corn silage feeding as a part of its ration is likely to increase the average bulls daily weight gain for the feed costs production reduction. The microbial inoculants using during the corn silage harvesting helped to reduce the feed costs with the1 kgof the bull’s live weight gain by 6.07 %. We found that the preslaughter live weight at the age of 15 months was characterized by bulls of the trial group of the Ukrainian black and white milk breed and they were raised on the corn silage with the microbial inoculants. These bulls showed the better results comparing to the control group by 4.3 % (P<0.05) and the bull’s carcass yield of the trial group was higher than the control one, and it was 56.4 %.</p>
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MATOS, ANABELLE, und JAY L. GARLAND. „Effects of Community Versus Single Strain Inoculants on the Biocontrol of Salmonella and Microbial Community Dynamics in Alfalfa Sprouts†“. Journal of Food Protection 68, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.1.40.
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Potential biological control inoculants, Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and microbial communities derived from market sprouts or laboratory-grown alfalfa sprouts, were introduced into alfalfa seeds with and without a Salmonella inoculum. We examined their ability to inhibit the growth of this foodborne pathogen and assess the relative effects of the inoculants on the alfalfa microbial community structure and function. Alfalfa seeds contaminated with a Salmonella cocktail were soaked for 2 h in bacterial suspensions from each inoculant tested. Inoculated alfalfa seeds were grown for 7 days and sampled during days 1, 3, and 7. At each sampling, alfalfa sprouts were sonicated for 7 min to recover microflora from the surface, and the resulting suspensions were diluted and plated on selective and nonselective media. Total bacterial counts were obtained using acridine orange staining, and the percentage culturability was calculated. Phenotypic potential of sprout-associated microbial communities inoculated with biocontrol treatments was assessed using community-level physiological profiles based on patterns of use of 95 separate carbon sources in Biolog plates. Community-level physiological profiles were also determined using oxygen-sensitive fluorophore in BD microtiter plates to examine functional patterns in these communities. No significant differences in total and mesophilic aerobe microbial cell density or microbial richness resulting from the introduction of inoculants on alfalfa seeds with and without Salmonella were observed. P. fluorescens 2-79 exhibited the greatest reduction in the growth of Salmonella early during alfalfa growth (4.22 log at day 1), while the market sprout inoculum had the reverse effect, resulting in a maximum log reduction (5.48) of Salmonella on day 7. Community-level physiological profiles analyses revealed that market sprout communities peaked higher and faster compared with the other inoculants tested. These results suggest that different modes of actions of single versus microbial consortia biocontrol treatments may be involved.
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Canfora, Loredana, Corrado Costa, Federico Pallottino und Stefano Mocali. „Trends in Soil Microbial Inoculants Research: A Science Mapping Approach to Unravel Strengths and Weaknesses of Their Application“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 2 (16.02.2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020158.
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Microbial inoculants are widely accepted as potential alternatives or complements to chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. However, there remains a lack of knowledge regarding their application and effects under field conditions. Thus, a quantitative description of the scientific literature related to soil microbial inoculants was conducted, adopting a science mapping approach to observe trends, strengths, and weaknesses of their application during the period of 2000–2020 and providing useful insights for future research. Overall, the study retrieved 682 publications with an increasing number during the 2015–2020 period, confirming China, India, and the U.S. as leading countries in microbial inoculants research. Over the last decade, the research field emphasized the use of microbial consortia rather than single strains, with increasing attention paid to sustainability and environmental purposes by means of multidisciplinary approaches. Among the emerging topics, terms such as “persistence” indicate the actual need for detecting and monitoring the persistence and fate of soil microbial inoculants. On the other hand, the low occurrence of terms related to failed studies as well as formulation processes may have limited the overall comprehension of the real potential of microbial inoculants to date. In conclusion, successful application of soil microbial inoculants in agriculture requires filling the fundamental knowledge gaps related to the processes that govern dynamics and interactions of the inoculants with soil and its native microbiota.
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Yadav, Aarti. „Microbial Inoculants for Sustainable Agriculture“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, Nr. 05 (10.05.2018): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.097.
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Reddy, M. S., L. M. Funk, D. C. Covert, D. N. He und E. A. Pedersen. „Microbial Inoculants for Sustainable Forests“. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 5, Nr. 1-2 (04.04.1997): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v05n01_08.
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Buntic, Aneta, Olivera Stajkovic-Srbinovic, Magdalena Knezevic, Djordje Kuzmanovic, Natasa Rasulic und Dusica Delic. „Development of liquid rhizobial inoculants and pre-inoculation of alfalfa seeds“. Archives of Biological Sciences 71, Nr. 2 (2019): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs181008062b.
Annotation:
Application of liquid microbial inoculants on legume seeds is a sustainable agricultural practice that can improve plant nutrient uptake and increase crop productivity. Inoculants should provide long-term survival of rhizobia in the final product and after application, to legume seeds. Ten different medium formulations of microbial inoculants were examined (yeast mannitol broth with the addition of agar, sodium-alginate, calcium chloride, glycerol or ferric chloride and combinations thereof) for the survival of the efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobium, Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti L3Si strain. The most suitable liquid inoculant for survival of L3Si during a storage time of 150 days was the medium formulation containing glycerol in combination with agar or sodium-alginate. Alfalfa seeds were pre-inoculated with four formulations (yeast mannitol broth (YMB), YMB with agar (1 g L-1), YMB with 1 or 5 g L-1 sodium-alginate) for up to three months. Seeds pre-inoculated and stored for one month produced successful alfalfa plants. The nitrogen content in alfalfa obtained from pre-inoculated seeds one month before sowing was adequate and ranged from 3.72-4.19%. Using S. meliloti-based liquid inoculants for alfalfa and application of the pre-inoculation technique can increase the quality of alfalfa crops and reduce cultivation cost.
20
Nikolaidou, Charitini, Nikolaos Monokrousos, Pantelitsa D. Kapagianni, Michael Orfanoudakis, Triantafyllia Dermitzoglou und Efimia M. Papatheodorou. „The Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis, Bacillus subtilis and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of Lactuca sativa“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 11 (29.10.2021): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112183.
Annotation:
Inoculation with beneficial microbes represents a promising solution for sustainable agricultural production; however, knowledge on the effects of inoculants on the indigenous microbial communities remains limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The biomass, the composition, and the enzyme activity (urease, acid phosphatase, and β-glycosidase) of the rhizosphere microbial community at two soil moisture levels (5 and 10% soil water content) were evaluated. Fungal colonization was lower in co-inoculated plants than those only inoculated with R. irregularis. Plant growth was enhanced in co-inoculated and B. subtilis inoculated soils. Bacterial biomass and the composition of the microbial communities responded to the joint effect of inoculant type × water regime while the biomass of the other microbial groups (fungi, actinomycetes, microeukaryotes) was only affected by inoculant type. Co-inoculation enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a synergistic effect of the two inoculants. Co-inoculation positively impacted the index reflecting plant–microbial soil functions under both water regimes. We concluded that the interactions between the two inocula as well as between them and the resident rhizosphere microbial community were mainly negative. However, the negative interactions between R. irregularis and B. subtilis were not reflected in plant biomass. The knowledge of the plant and rhizosphere microbial responses to single and co-inoculation and their dependency on abiotic conditions is valuable for the construction of synthetic microbial communities that could be used as efficient inocula.
21
Tang, Jing, Jin Nan Chen, Jin Xiang Fu, Hong Ming E und Ming Fan. „Application and Influencing Factors of Complex Microbial Inoculants in Wastewater Treatment“. Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (Dezember 2012): 1459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1459.
Annotation:
Complex microbial inoculants are highly effective compound bacteria which are widely used in the removal of pollutants, such as organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the paper, printing and dyeing, petroleum and high-salt wastewater. The development of complex microbial inoculants was introduced in this paper, especially their application and influence factors in wastewater treatment. Finally we put forward current problems and development prospects of complex microbial inoculants.
22
Basiru, Sulaimon, und Mohamed Hijri. „Does Commercial Inoculation Promote Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Invasion?“ Microorganisms 10, Nr. 2 (09.02.2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020404.
Annotation:
Interventions with commercial inoculants have the potential to reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture, but their indiscriminate deployment has raised questions on the unintended consequences of microbial invasion. In the absence of explicit empirical reports on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) invasion, we examine the present framework used to define AMF invasion and offer perspectives on the steps needed to avoid the negative impacts of AMF invasion. Although commercial AMF isolates are potential invaders, invasions do not always constitute negative impacts on native community diversity and functions. Instead, the fates of the invading and resident communities are determined by ecological processes such as selection, drift, dispersal, and speciation. Nevertheless, we recommend strategies that reduce overdependence on introduced inoculants, such as adoption management practices that promote the diversity and richness of indigenous AMF communities, and the development of native propagules as a supplement to commercial AMF in applicable areas. Policies and regulations that monitor inoculant value chains from production to application must be put in place to check inoculant quality and composition, as well as the transport of inoculants between geographically distant regions.
23
Rezaeian, M., A. S. Chaudhry und J. Honarzad. „Effects of a bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation parameters of corn silage ensiled in a laboratory silo“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021347.
Annotation:
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as microbial inoculants in order to increase bacterial fermentation and decrease the pH of silage which in turn inhibit the growth of undesirable microbes and provide stable ensiling conditions has been well documented (McDonald, 1991). Although corn silage is used as major forage for dairy cattle at most commercial farms in Iran no information is available regarding the suitability of LAB for their use as inoculants in preparing corn silage. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the effects of the addition of a bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of corn forage ensiled in 2 kg laboratory silos.
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Putri, Sindy Marieta, Iswandi Anas, Fahrizal Hazra und Ania Citraresmini. „VIABILITAS INOKULAN DALAM BAHAN PEMBAWA GAMBUT, KOMPOS, ARANG BATOK DAN ZEOLIT YANG DISTERIL DENGAN IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA Co-60 DAN MESIN BERKAS ELEKTRON“. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 12, Nr. 1 (01.04.2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.12.1.23-30.
Annotation:
Carrier is one of the important factor to determine the quality of biofertilizer. The inoculant carriers should contain no or less microbial contaminant. The purpose of this research was to investigate viability of Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants in carrier material that were sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 and Electron Beam Machine (EBM). Each inoculants was injected to the sterilized peat, compost, coconut shell charcoal and zeolite. Viability of inoculants in steriled carrier was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 42 and 70 days after preparation. The stirage was done in incubator at 25ºC. The result of viability of Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants on sterilized carrier material by Gamma Irradiation Co-60, EBM and autoclave tended to decline during storage 70 days at room temperature (250C). Viability of Azospirillum inoculants in zeolite sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 and autoclave gave the highest numbres of viable cells. Storage of these inoculants at 25ºC for 70 days only reduce the number of viable cells by 11.1%. Viability of Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants in coconut shell charcoal or compost sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 went down by 99.8% after 70 days. The sterilization of carriers by using autoclave or Gamma Irradiation Co-60 were better than EBM sterilization. . Keywords: Carrier, Electron Beam Machine, Gamma Irradiation Co-60, sterilization, viability
25
Bradáčová, Klára, Maximilian Sittinger, Katharina Tietz, Benjamin Neuhäuser, Ellen Kandeler, Nils Berger, Uwe Ludewig und Günter Neumann. „Maize Inoculation with Microbial Consortia: Contrasting Effects on Rhizosphere Activities, Nutrient Acquisition and Early Growth in Different Soils“. Microorganisms 7, Nr. 9 (07.09.2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090329.
Annotation:
The benefit of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) as plant inoculants is influenced by a wide range of environmental factors. Therefore, microbial consortia products (MCPs) based on multiple PGPM strains with complementary functions, have been proposed as superior, particularly under challenging environmental conditions and for restoration of beneficial microbial communities in disturbed soil environments. To test this hypothesis, the performance of a commercial MCP inoculant based on 22 PGPM strains was investigated in greenhouse experiments with maize on three soils with contrasting pH, organic matter content and microbial activity, under different P and N fertilization regimes. Interestingly, the MCP inoculant stimulated root and shoot growth and improved the acquisition of macronutrients only on a freshly collected field soil with high organic matter content, exclusively in combination with stabilized ammonium fertilization. This was associated with transiently increased expression of AuxIAA5 in the root tissue, a gene responsive to exogenous auxin supply, suggesting root growth promotion by microbial auxin production as a major mode of action of the MCP inoculant. High microbial activity was indicated by intense expression of soil enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycling in the rhizosphere (cellulase, leucine peptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases) but without MCP effects. By contrast, the MCP inoculation did not affect maize biomass production or nutrient acquisition on soils with very little Corg and low microbial activity, although moderate stimulation of rhizosphere enzymes involved in N and P cycling was recorded. There was also no indication for MCP-induced solubilization of Ca-phosphates on a calcareous sub-soil fertilized with rock-phosphate. The results demonstrate that the combination of multiple PGPM strains with complementary properties as MCP inoculants does not necessarily translate into plant benefits in challenging environments. Thus, a better understanding of the conditions determining successful MCP application is mandatory.
26
Ávila, Carla Luiza da Silva, Alexandre Rocha Valeriano, José Cardoso Pinto, Henrique César Pereira Figueiredo, Adauton Vilela de Rezende und Rosane Freitas Schwan. „Chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silages treated with microbial inoculants“. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000100004.
Annotation:
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of microbial additives containing heterofermentative or homofermentative bacteria on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane (Saccharum spp) silages. Sugar cane was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paracasei, L. brevis or L. buchneri previously isolated from sugar cane silages or commercial inoculants containing L. buchneri or L. plantarum. Silages were produced in laboratory silos (10 × 60 cm PVC tubes) and evaluated 90 days after ensiling. A randomized complete design was used with eight treatments (seven inoculants and control - without inoculant) and three replications. The inoculation with bacteria affected lactic acid bacteria, yeast populations, volatile fatty acids and ethanol contents in the silages. Inoculation with different strains of the same species of bacteria result in silages with different chemical and microbiological characteristics. Two of the L. buchneri strains show the best results in relation to silage quality.
27
Muck, Richard. „Recent advances in silage microbiology“. Agricultural and Food Science 22, Nr. 1 (27.03.2013): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6718.
Annotation:
Recent advances in silage microbiology are reviewed. Most new techniques in silage microbiology use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make copies of a portion of the DNA in microorganisms. These techniques allow us to identify and quantify species as well as do community analysis. The PCR-based techniques are uncovering new species, both bacteria and fungi, during storage and feeding. Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. Various inoculant strains have been found to produce bacteriocins and other compounds that inhibit other bacteria and fungi, improving their chances for success. In vitro ruminal fermentation research is showing that some inoculated silages affect rumen microorganisms, reducing methane in some cases and increasing microbial biomass production in others. Better understanding of silage microbiology will allow us to better manage silos and develop better inoculants to improve silage quality.
28
Okon, Yaacov, und Ralph Baker. „Microbial Inoculants as Crop-Yield Enhancers“. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 1987): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07388558709086985.
29
G.*, Swapna, Divya M. und Brahmaprakash G.P. „Survival of Microbial consortium in granular formulations, degradation and release of microorganisms in soil“. Annals of Plant Sciences 5, Nr. 05 (21.06.2016): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2016.05.004.
Annotation:
The green revolution bought amazing consequences in food grain production but with insufficient concern for agriculture sustainability. Biofertilizers are gaining importance in sustaining agriculture. Various complementing combinations of microbial inoculants for management of major nutrients are necessary for agriculture sustainability. The present investigation was conducted to study the survivability of granular formulations containing Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) and plant growth promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) in consortium prepared using different flour. Maximum survival of microbial consortium was observed in Soybean, followed by Soybean + Semolina and Rice inoculant formulations. Minimum survival of population was observed in Ragi + Semolina inoculant formulation. Wheat, wheat + semolina, soybean, soybean + semolina granular formulations have shown better degradation compared to other granular formulations both in presence and absence of tomato and finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Among different granular inoculant formulations, Maximum release was observed in soybean granular inoculant formulations in presence of tomato and Finger millet plant and in absence of plant and minimum release of microbial consortium was observed in ragi + semolina granular inoculant formulations during incubation in soil.
30
Santos, Lidiane Figueiredo dos, Marliane De Cássia Soares Silva, Rogério De Paula Lana, Nayron Vilela Diogo, Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya und Karina Guimarães Ribeiro. „Effective microorganisms: Microbial diversity and its effect on the growth of palisade grass“. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(8)177-186.
Annotation:
Effective microorganisms (EM) are inoculants used by farmers on various crops, and the actual efficiency of EM and their composition have been widely discussed. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of the microbial community in soils after applying 3 EM inoculants from different origins with and without manure and to determine the impacts on growth and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha (palisade grass). We showed, by PCR-DGGE technique, that the community structure of the fungi and bacteria in soil differed with EMs from different sources and that adding manure to the soil also significantly altered the bacterial and fungal profile. We also found that adding manure to soil resulted in a pronounced increase in both dry matter yield and crude protein concentration in palisade grass, while benefits of applying EM were largely restricted to a farmer-produced inoculant, where CP% was increased and NDF% was reduced when applied along with manure.
31
Bertham, Yudhi Harini, Abimanyu Dipo Nusantara, Bambang Gonggo Murcitro und Zainal Arifin. „PERUBAHAN KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PENAMPILAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS PADI GOGO PADA KAWASAN PESISIR DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PUPUK HAYATI DAN BIOKOMPOS“. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 22, Nr. 2 (03.12.2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.22.2.79-84.
Annotation:
[CHANGE IN SOIL CHARATERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND RICE VARIETIES IN COASTAL AREA AS AMENDED WITH BIOFERTILIZER AND BIOCOMPOST]. Dryland in the coastal area has good potential for the cultivation of upland rice to reach food self-sufficiency and the development of future agriculture. Low fertility of the land the area can be overcome by using appropriate technology such as the use of superior varieties, bio-fertilizers, and bio compost. This study aimeds to (1) determine chemical and biological properties of coastal land to improve the growth of upland rice (2) find out the growth of upland rice in the coastal area using low input technology and (3) obtain upland rice varieties with high adaptability to a coastal area environment. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with the main plot of 3 upland rice varieties, namely Inpago 10, Serantan, and Local Variety, while the subplots are were fertilizer inputs namely [double inoculant P solubilized microbial p (pf) + K solubilized microbially + N fixation microbial N], [double inoculant P solubilized microbial (fma) + K solubilized microbially + N fixation micarobia], [biocompost at a dose of 10 tons/ha], and [inorganic fertilizer recommended by BPTP ie 200 kg Urea/ha, 100 kg SP36/ha, 100 kg KCl/ha]. The results showed that the coastal area has the potential for the development of upland rice cultivation. Also, the double inoculants of biological fertilizers were able to increase plant nutrient uptake, soil biological characteristics, and the growth of upland rice as compared to controls. Specifically, the best treatment is produced by application of [double inoculant microbial solvent p (pf) + microbial solvent K + microbial N fixation] combined with upland rice Inpago variety 10.
32
Fan, Xiaomiao, Shanshan Zhao, Fengyuan Yang, Yuan Wang und Yanping Wang. „Effects of Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Mycotoxins of Alfalfa Silage under Vacuum or Nonvacuum Treatment“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 12 (17.12.2021): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122614.
Annotation:
To investigate the effects of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculants and vacuuming on the fermentation quality and bacterial community, alfalfas were ensiled with or without a commercial LAB YX or Lactobacillus plantarum strain ZZUA493 for 10, 30, 60, and 90 days while undergoing either vacuum (V) or nonvacuum (NV) treatment. At 90 days, analysis of the microbial community by high-throughput sequencing was performed, and contents of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins in alfalfa silage were determined. In all inoculated alfalfa silage, irrespective of V or NV treatment, lactic acid (LA) content increased, pH (p < 0.05), and ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.05) content decreased, and no butyric acid was detected. Lactobacillus or Pediococcus became the dominant genus, and the abundance of Garciella decreased in alfalfa silage with the addition of either inoculant. The LAB inoculants YX and ZZUA493 helped reduce the mycotoxin content in alfalfa silage. The abundance of Garciella in the control and DON content in all alfalfa silage groups were higher (p < 0.05) in NV than V. In summary, LAB inoculants and vacuuming had a positive influence on alfalfa silage quality, and LAB inoculants were effective in reducing mycotoxins in silage alfalfa.
33
Naamala, Judith, und Donald L. Smith. „Relevance of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms and Their Derived Compounds, in the Face of Climate Change“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 8 (12.08.2020): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081179.
Annotation:
Climate change has already affected food security in many parts of the world, and this situation will worsen if nothing is done to combat it. Unfortunately, agriculture is a meaningful driver of climate change, through greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen-based fertilizer, methane from animals and animal manure, as well as deforestation to obtain more land for agriculture. Therefore, the global agricultural sector should minimize greenhouse gas emissions in order to slow climate change. The objective of this review is to point out the various ways plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) can be used to enhance crop production amidst climate change challenges, and effects of climate change on more conventional challenges, such as: weeds, pests, pathogens, salinity, drought, etc. Current knowledge regarding microbial inoculant technology is discussed. Pros and cons of single inoculants, microbial consortia and microbial compounds are discussed. A range of microbes and microbe derived compounds that have been reported to enhance plant growth amidst a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, and microbe-based products that are already on the market as agroinputs, are a focus. This review will provide the reader with a clearer understanding of current trends in microbial inoculants and how they can be used to enhance crop production amidst climate change challenges.
34
Zielińska, Krystyna, Agata Fabiszewska, Katarzyna Piasecka-Jóźwiak und Renata Choińska. „Increasing Biogas Yield from Fodder by Microbial Stimulation of Propionic Acid Synthesis in Grass Silages“. Energies 14, Nr. 10 (14.05.2021): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102843.
Annotation:
A new direction in the use of lactic acid bacteria inoculants is their application for renewable raw materials ensiling for biogas production. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the possibility of stimulating the synthesis of propionic acid in the process of co-fermentation of selected strains of Lactobacillus buchneri and L. diolivorans as well as L. buchneri and Pediococcus acidilactici. L. buchneri KKP 2047p and P. acidilactici KKP 2065p were characterized by the special capabilities for both synthesis and metabolism of 1,2-propanediol. L. diolivorans KKP 2057p stands out for the ability to metabolize 1,2-propanediol to propionic acid. As a result of the co-fermentation a concentration of propionic acid was obtained at least 1.5 times higher in the final stage of culture in comparison to cultivating individual species of bacteria separately. The results of in vitro experiments were applied in agricultural practice, by application of two lactic acid bacteria inoculants in ensiling of grass silage and improving its suitability for biogas production. Grass silages made with the addition of the inoculant were characterized by the content of 1,2-propanediol, 1-propanol and propionic acid ensured extension of the aerobic stability from 4 to 7 days in comparison to untreated silages. It was found that the use of both inoculants resulted in an approximately 10–30% increase in biogas yield from this raw material.
35
Ducousso-Détrez, Amandine, Joël Fontaine, Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui und Mohamed Hijri. „Diversity of Phosphate Chemical Forms in Soils and Their Contributions on Soil Microbial Community Structure Changes“. Microorganisms 10, Nr. 3 (13.03.2022): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030609.
Annotation:
In many soils, the bioavailability of Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient is a limiting factor for crop production. Among the mechanisms developed to facilitate the absorption of phosphorus, the plant, as a holobiont, can rely on its rhizospheric microbial partners. Therefore, microbial P-solubilizing inoculants are proposed to improve soil P fertility in agriculture. However, a better understanding of the interactions of the soil-plant-microorganism continuum with the phosphorus cycle is needed to propose efficient inoculants. Before proposing further methods of research, we carried out a critical review of the literature in two parts. First, we focused on the diversity of P-chemical forms. After a review of P forms in soils, we describe multiple factors that shape these forms in soil and their turnover. Second, we provide an analysis of P as a driver of microbial community diversity in soil. Even if no rule enabling to explain the changes in the composition of microbial communities according to phosphorus has been shown, this element has been perfectly targeted as linked to the presence/absence and/or abundance of particular bacterial taxa. In conclusion, we point out the need to link soil phosphorus chemistry with soil microbiology in order to understand the variations in the composition of microbial communities as a function of P bioavailability. This knowledge will make it possible to propose advanced microbial-based inoculant engineering for the improvement of bioavailable P for plants in sustainable agriculture.
36
Xing, Pengfei, Yubin Zhao, Dawei Guan, Li Li, Baisuo Zhao, Mingchao Ma, Xin Jiang, Changfu Tian, Fengming Cao und Jun Li. „Effects of Bradyrhizobium Co-Inoculated with Bacillus and Paenibacillus on the Structure and Functional Genes of Soybean Rhizobacteria Community“. Genes 13, Nr. 11 (22.10.2022): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13111922.
Annotation:
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely used to improve soil nutrients and promote plant growth and health. However, the growth-promoting effect of a single PGPR on plants is limited. Here, we evaluated the effect of applying rhizobium Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 (R5038) and two PGPR strains, Bacillus aryabhattai MB35-5 (BA) and Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 3016 (PM), alone or in different combinations on the soil properties and rhizosphere bacterial community composition of soybean (Glycine max). Additionally, metagenomic sequencing was performed to elucidate the profile of functional genes. Inoculation with compound microbial inoculant containing R5038 and BA (RB) significantly improved nodule nitrogenase activity and increased soil nitrogen content, and urease activity increased the abundance of the nitrogen cycle genes and Betaproteobacteria and Chitinophagia in the rhizosphere. In the treatment of inoculant-containing R5038 and PM (RP), significant changes were found for the abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes and the phosphorus cycle genes, and soil available phosphorus and phosphatase activity were increased. The RBP inoculants composed of three strains (R5038, BA and PM) significantly affected soybean biomass and the N and P contents of the rhizosphere. Compared with RB and RP, RBP consistently increased soybean nitrogen content, and dry weight. Overall, these results showed that several PGPR with different functions could be combined into composite bacterial inoculants, which coordinately modulate the rhizosphere microbial community structure and improve soybean growth.
37
GULAB, PANDOVE, ARORA VIDHI und OBEROI HARPREET. „Amelioration in the quality traits of forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) by application of liquid microbial inoculants“. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, Nr. 5 (17.02.2022): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i5.114512.
Annotation:
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a promising dual purpose (fodder and grain) crop. The present investigationwas carried to evaluate the effect of liquid microbial inoculants on the quality traits of forage pearl millet. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with a total of 12 treatment combinations of liquid microbial inoculants (Azotobacter sp., Sphingobacterium sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia seminalis) with 100% Recommended Dose of Fertiliser (RDF) and replicated thrice. The application of the liquid microbial inoculants showed improvement in the quality traits over the uninoculated control at both the locations. The treatment T9 (RDF + B. seminalis + S. maltophilia) showed significant increase in the total sugars, ash content, CP (crude protein) and IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), while significant decrease in the ADF (acid detergent fibre) and NDF (neutral detergent fibre). Further, very strong positive and significant correlation was observed between ADF, NDF and the various antinutrients while they were recorded to be negatively correlated with rest of the quality parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that liquid microbial inoculants could play a predominant role in improving the forage quality of forage pearl millet
38
Duan, Haiyan, Cong Fu, Guilin Du, Shiqiu Xie, Min Liu, Baoguo Zhang, Jiping Shi und Junsong Sun. „Dynamic Microstructure Assembly Driven by Lysinibacillus sp. LF-N1 and Penicillium oxalicum DH-1 Inoculants Corresponds to Composting Performance“. Microorganisms 10, Nr. 4 (25.03.2022): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040709.
Annotation:
The effects of Lysinibacillus sp. LF-N1 and Penicillium oxalicum DH-1 inoculants (LFPO group) on compost succession and the microbial dynamic structure of co-composting wheat straw and cow manure composting were investigated. The inoculants contributed to longer thermophilic stages, higher temperatures (62.8 °C) and lower microbial diversity in the LFPO treatment compared to the control group (CK). Moreover, LFPO inoculation increased the germination index and accelerated organic matter and lignocellulose degradation in the compost. Microbial analysis confirmed that the inoculants effectively altered the microbial communities. The predominant biomarkers for bacteria and fungi in inoculated compost were members of Lysinibacillus and Penicillium, respectively. Functional prediction showed greater lignocellulose degradation and less pathogen accumulation in the LFPO group. The cooccurrence network analysis showed that the network structure in LFPO compost was greatly simplified compared to that in CK. Bacterial cluster A was dominated by Lysinibacillus, and fungal cluster B was represented by Penicillium, which were significantly correlated with temperature and lignocellulose degradation, respectively (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that the LF-N1 and DH-1 inoculants drove the bacterial and fungal assemblies to induce physicochemical property changes during cocomposting.
39
Inra, Bernard Digat. „A New Bioencapsulation Technology for Microbial Inoculants“. Biomaterials, Artificial Cells and Immobilization Biotechnology 21, Nr. 3 (Januar 1993): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10731199309117367.
40
Mishra, B. K., und S. K. Barolia. „Quality Assessment of Microbial Inoculants as Biofertilizer“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 10 (10.10.2020): 3715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.428.
41
Dunne, C., I. Delany, A. Fenton und F. O'Gara. „Mechanisms involved in biocontrol by microbial inoculants“. Agronomie 16, Nr. 10 (1996): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19961017.
42
Toyota, Koki, und Takayoshi Watanabe. „Recent Trends in Microbial Inoculants in Agriculture“. Microbes and Environments 28, Nr. 4 (2013): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me2804rh.
43
Malusà, Eligio, Gabriele Berg, Arjen Biere, Anne Bohr, Loredana Canfora, Anne D. Jungblut, Wojciech Kepka et al. „A Holistic Approach for Enhancing the Efficacy of Soil Microbial Inoculants in Agriculture“. Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation, Research & Development 8 (15.11.2021): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-9813.2021.08.14.
Annotation:
Microbial inoculants can be an efficient tool to manage the soil and plant microbiomes providing direct beneficial effects, and for modulating native soil and plant-associated microbiota. However, the application of soil microbial inoculants as biofertilizers and biopesticides in agriculture is still limited by factors related to their formulation, application method, and the knowledge about the impact and interactions between microbial inoculants and native soil and plant host microbiomes. The review is thus describing and discussing three major aspects related to microbial-based product exploitation, namely: i) the discovery and screening of beneficial microbial strains; ii) the opportunities and challenges associated with strain multifunctional features; iii) the fermentation and formulation strategies also based on the use of wastes as growth substrates and the technical and regulatory challenges faced in their path to field application. All these issues are addressed in activities performed by the EXCALIBUR project (www.excaliburproject.eu), which aims to expand the current concept about microbiomes interactions, acknowledging their interactive network that can impact agricultural practices as well as on all living organisms within an ecosystem.
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Lam, Nguyen Thi, Shaoxian Song, Bui Thi Ngoc Dung, Tran Ngoc Binh, Afshin Maleki, Kazem Godini und Van Tai Tang. „Potential Role of Combined Microbial Inoculants and Plant of Limnocharis flava on Eliminating Cadmium from Artificial Contaminated Soil“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 19 (26.09.2022): 12209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912209.
Annotation:
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of eliminating cadmium (Cd) from contaminated agricultural soil using a combination of microbial inoculants of Penicillium chrysogenum fungus and Bacillus licheniformis with Limnocharis flava plants. Limnocharis flava (L. flava) and microbial inoculants with four Cd levels, including 2.05 (T1 control), 5 (T2), 10 (T3), and 20 mg/kg (T4), respectively, were tested in green house conditions. Cd accumulation was evaluated to assess the safety limit of the Cd concentration in the edible parts of L. flava. The results showed that the application of the microbial inoculants facilitated the stress tolerance of the plants caused by a Cd accumulation in the soil matrix. The use of Penicillium chrysogenum and Bacillus licheniform in combination with L. flava increased the Cd accumulation in plant biomass. The total Cd after the experiment varied between 4.86 and 18.44 mg/kg in dry, clean soil, equivalent to reduction rates of 2.80, 4.40, and 7.80%, respectively. Meanwhile, the availability of Cd in soil was significantly reduced by 12.50, 13.04, 13.33, and 13.93%, respectively. Consequently, the microbial inoculants helped the plants to grow healthily, increased the yield, and reduced the total and available Cd content of contaminated agricultural land up to a concentration level of 5 mg/kg.
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Angelina, Eirini, Efimia M. Papatheodorou, Triantafyllia Demirtzoglou und Nikolaos Monokrousos. „Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens Inoculation on Attributes of the Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Soil Rhizosphere Microbial Community: The Role of the Management System“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 9 (19.09.2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091428.
Annotation:
Inoculation with beneficial microbes has been proposed as an effective practice for the improvement of plant growth and soil health. Since soil acts as a physicochemical background for soil microbial communities, we hypothesized that its management will mediate the effects of microbial inoculants on the indigenous soil microbes. We examined the effects of bacterial inoculants [Bacillus subtilis (Ba), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps), and both (BaPs)] on the growth of Lactuca sativa cultivated in soils that originated from an organic maize (OS) and a conventional barley (CS) management system. Moreover, the biomass and the community structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities and the soil enzyme activities were recorded. The root weight was higher in CS than OS, while the foliage length was greater in OS than CS treatments. Only in OS pots, inoculants resulted in higher biomasses of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes compared to the control with the highest values being recorded in Ps and BaPs treated soils. Furthermore, different inoculants resulted in different communities in terms of structure mainly in OS soils. For soil enzymes, the effect of the management system was more important due to the high organic matter existing in OS soils. We suggest that for microbial inoculation to be effective it should be considered together with the management history of the soil.
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Vassileva, Maria, Eligio Malusà, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Pawel Trzcinski, Antonia Galvez, Elena Flor-Peregrin, Stefan Shilev, Loredana Canfora, Stefano Mocali und Nikolay Vassilev. „Fermentation Strategies to Improve Soil Bio-Inoculant Production and Quality“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 6 (09.06.2021): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061254.
Annotation:
The application of plant beneficial microorganisms has been widely accepted as an efficient alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Isolation and selection of efficient microorganisms, their characterization and testing in soil-plant systems are well studied. However, the production stage and formulation of the final products are not in the focus of the research, which affects the achievement of stable and consistent results in the field. Recent analysis of the field of plant beneficial microorganisms suggests a more integrated view on soil inoculants with a special emphasis on the inoculant production process, including fermentation, formulation, processes, and additives. This mini-review describes the different groups of fermentation processes and their characteristics, bearing in mind different factors, both nutritional and operational, which affect the biomass/spores yield and microbial metabolite activity. The characteristics of the final products of fermentation process optimization strategies determine further steps of development of the microbial inoculants. Submerged liquid and solid-state fermentation processes, fed-batch operations, immobilized cell systems, and production of arbuscular mycorrhiza are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Recommendations for further development of the fermentation strategies for biofertilizer production are also considered.
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Gan, Y., K. G. Hanson, R. P. Zentner, F. Selles und C. L. McDonald. „Response of lentil to microbial inoculation and low rates of fertilization in the semiarid Canadian prairies“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, Nr. 4 (01.10.2005): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-111.
Annotation:
The use of microbial inoculation may increase nodulation and seed yield of annual legumes. A study was conducted to determine the effect of formulations (seedapplied powder vs. soil-applied granular inoculants), placement of granular inoculants in soils (applied in the seed-row vs. sidebanded), and low rates of fertilizers in comparison to P-solubilizing microbes Penicillium bilaii on plant establishment, maturity, and seed yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in the semiarid Canadian prairies. Green lentil was grown on a silt loam and a heavy clay soil in southwestern Saskatchewan from 1999 to 2002. Inoculated lentil with Rhizobium increased seed yield by 45% averaged across all 6 site-years. Granular soil inoculants increased lentil seed yield by 19% over seed-applied inoculants. Placement of soil inoculants in the seed row or side-bands produced similar results. On the silt loam soil, the use of rhizobial inoculants increased lentil seed yield by 15%, while the yield increase was 70% on the heavy clay. Starter N applied at a rate of 15 kg ha-1 increased seed yield by 13% for lentil grown on the heavy clay, but there was no effect on the silt loam. Phosphorus fertilizer applied at a rate 15 kg P ha-1 did not influence lentil establishment, growth or seed yield. Similarly, the P-solubilizing microbes P. bilaii did not influence plant growth or development, nor did it affect the seed yield of lentil. Soil granular rhizobial inoculants are preferred over seed-applied inoculants, fertilizers, or P-solubilizing microbes in lentil because of their strong and consistently positive impact on plant growth and seed yield in the semiarid Canadian prairies. Key words: Lens culinaris, nodulation, seed yield, Penicillium bilaii, P-solubilizing microbes
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Trabelsi, Darine, und Ridha Mhamdi. „Microbial Inoculants and Their Impact on Soil Microbial Communities: A Review“. BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/863240.
Annotation:
The knowledge of the survival of inoculated fungal and bacterial strains in field and the effects of their release on the indigenous microbial communities has been of great interest since the practical use of selected natural or genetically modified microorganisms has been developed. Soil inoculation or seed bacterization may lead to changes in the structure of the indigenous microbial communities, which is important with regard to the safety of introduction of microbes into the environment. Many reports indicate that application of microbial inoculants can influence, at least temporarily, the resident microbial communities. However, the major concern remains regarding how the impact on taxonomic groups can be related to effects on functional capabilities of the soil microbial communities. These changes could be the result of direct effects resulting from trophic competitions and antagonistic/synergic interactions with the resident microbial populations, or indirect effects mediated by enhanced root growth and exudation. Combination of inoculants will not necessarily produce an additive or synergic effect, but rather a competitive process. The extent of the inoculation impact on the subsequent crops in relation to the buffering capacity of the plant-soil-biota is still not well documented and should be the focus of future research.
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Guo, Zikun, Feng Xiong, Jinghong Hao, Guoqing Zhang, Qingjun Chen, Shuangxi Fan, Chaojie Liu und Yingyan Han. „Matured Compost as an Exogenous Microbial Agent Promotes the Composting of Mushroom Residue“. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 16, Nr. 4 (01.08.2022): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2022.2212.
Annotation:
The effects of different microbial inoculants on the compost of mushroom residue were studied, effective microorganisms (EM) and mature compost (M) were added as exogenous microbial inoculants, and no microbial inoculants were added as a control (CK). The results show that the treatment with mature compost had the fastest heating, while the EM treatment maintained the longest high temperature. The pH of treatments EM and M increased rapidly in the early stage of composting, and treatment M was the first to reach a stable value about 7.8. The EC value of treatment EM was relatively stable. The content of NH+4 gradually decreased, while NO−3 gradually increased from 0.174 g/kg. The humus content of treatment M was the highest, and E4/E6 was relatively stable. The addition of mature compost and EM can promote the composting process of mushroom residue; furthermore, the effect of adding mature compost was better than that of EM.
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Lee, Sook-Kuan, Huu-Sheng Lur und Chi-Te Liu. „From Lab to Farm: Elucidating the Beneficial Roles of Photosynthetic Bacteria in Sustainable Agriculture“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 12 (28.11.2021): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122453.
Annotation:
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) possess versatile metabolic abilities and are widely applied in environmental bioremediation, bioenergy production and agriculture. In this review, we summarize examples of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) through biofertilization, biostimulation and biocontrol mechanisms to promote plant growth. They include improvement of nutrient acquisition, production of phytohormones, induction of immune system responses, interaction with resident microbial community. It has also been reported that PNSB can produce an endogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to alleviate abiotic stress in plants. Under biotic stress, these bacteria can trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) of plants against pathogens. The nutrient elements in soil are significantly increased by PNSB inoculation, thus improving fertility. We share experiences of researching and developing an elite PNSB inoculant (Rhodopseudomonas palustris PS3), including strategies for screening and verifying beneficial bacteria as well as the establishment of optimal fermentation and formulation processes for commercialization. The effectiveness of PS3 inoculants for various crops under field conditions, including conventional and organic farming, is presented. We also discuss the underlying plant growth-promoting mechanisms of this bacterium from both microbial and plant viewpoints. This review improves our understanding of the application of PNSB in sustainable crop production and could inspire the development of diverse inoculants to overcome the changes in agricultural environments created by climate change.