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Thematische Bibliographien / Microbial Fish Diseases

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Microbial Fish Diseases“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Microbial Fish Diseases"

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Patel, Ajay. „Fungal Diseases of Fish: A Review“. Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, Nr. 3 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000164.

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Now a day, fishes are used for biomedical researches along with use as a food also. Chemical contaminants of marine environments are of momentous concern. Similar to other flora and fauna, fish can also be ill with various types of diseases. Freshwater fishes are an important protein source for people of many countries. Fish farming in various parts of the world has increased many folds in the last decade. Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia, lernaeasis, saprolegniasis and anoxia are the most frequently occurring fish diseases in pond fishes. Fungal infections are among the most general diseases seen in temperate fish. Water moulds infections cause losses of freshwater fishes and their eggs in both natural and commercial fish farms. Although, infection as a result of microbial contamination does not frequently result in disease but ecological stress may upset the balance between the probable pathogens and their hosts. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Most infe ctions can be successfully treated if caught early.

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Diyie, Rhoda Lims, Dennis Worlanyo Aheto, Mike Yaw Osei-Atweneboana, Emmanuel Odartei Armah und Kobina Yankson. „Contamination of Fish Feed with Pathogenic Organisms: Implications on Fish Diseases in Aquaculture Systems“. Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 9, Nr. 2 (18.01.2024): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/283.967x.

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Tracing contamination to its ultimate source is considered difficult as multiple factors affect stable microbial community in culture water. Feed, covering over 60 percent of production cost although less considered, could represent a significant source of fish diseases, the major constraint in aquaculture production. The present study based on the sensitivity of quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, indicated low to high concentrations of bacteria and fungi in fish-feed from various aquaculture farms in Ghana. Prevalence rate of bacteria isolated from the gut of fish (26.09%) were similar to that from diseased portions (26.89%). Although mode of transmission of most infections are largely through the water in which the fish are submerged, Staphylococcus aureus was not isolated from the culture water samples but occurred with the highest prevalence (60%) in fish-feed, thus confirming contamination of fish-feed as a significant pathway for entry of pathogens. Advancements towards the safety of fish should include the surveillance of fish-feed for microbial quality, and incorporation into human foodborne disease surveillance systems to ensure holistic effectiveness.

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Stehly, Guy R., William H. Gingerich, Connie R. Kiessling und Cutting Jeffrey H. „A Bridging Study for Oxytetracycline in the Edible Fillet of Rainbow Trout: Analysis by a Liquid Chromatographic Method and the Official Microbial Inhibition Assay“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, Nr. 4 (01.07.1999): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.4.866.

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Abstract Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to control certain diseases in salmonids and catfish. OTC is also a likely control agent for diseases of other fish species and for other diseases of salmonids and catfish not currently on the label. One requirement for FDA to extend and expand the approval of this antibacterial agent to other fish species is residue depletion studies. The current regulatory method for OTC in fish tissue, based on microbial inhibition, lacks sensitivity and specificity. To conduct residue depletion studies for OTC in fish with a liquid chromatographic method, a bridging study was required to determine its relationship with the official microbial inhibition assay. Triplicate samples of rainbow trout fillet tissue fortified with OTC at 0.3,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8, and 9.6 ppm and fillet tissue with incurred OTC at approximately 0.75,1.5, and 3.75 ppm were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the microbial inhibition assay. The results indicated that the 2 methods are essentially identical in the tested range, with mean coefficients of variation of 1.05% for the HPLC method and 3.94% for the microbial inhibition assay.

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Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein, Francesca Maradonna, Mehwish Faheem, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Gunapathy Devi, Einar Ringø, Hien Van Doan, Ghasem Ashouri, Giorgia Gioacchini und Oliana Carnevali. „Sustainable Ornamental Fish Aquaculture: The Implication of Microbial Feed Additives“. Animals 13, Nr. 10 (09.05.2023): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101583.

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Ornamental fish trade represents an important economic sector with an export turnover that reached approximately 5 billion US dollars in 2018. Despite its high economic importance, this sector does not receive much attention. Ornamental fish husbandry still faces many challenges and losses caused by transport stress and handling and outbreak of diseases are still to be improved. This review will provide insights on ornamental fish diseases along with the measures used to avoid or limit their onset. Moreover, this review will discuss the role of different natural and sustainable microbial feed additives, particularly probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the health, reduction in transport stress, growth, and reproduction of farmed ornamental fish. Most importantly, this review aims to fill the informational gaps existing in advanced and sustainable practices in the ornamental fish production.

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Liu, Yiying, Irene de Bruijn, Allison LH Jack, Keith Drynan, Albert H. van den Berg, Even Thoen, Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra et al. „Deciphering microbial landscapes of fish eggs to mitigate emerging diseases“. ISME Journal 8, Nr. 10 (27.03.2014): 2002–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.44.

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Tsironi, Theofania, Vladimiros Lougovois, Vassiliki Nefeli Simou, Afrodite Mexi, Stamatios Koussissis, Efstathia Tsakali, Spiridon Andreas Papatheodorou, Valentini Stefanou, Jan Van Impe und Dimitra Houhoula. „Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the Determination of Fish Flesh Microbiota“. Journal of Food Research 8, Nr. 4 (02.07.2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n4p101.

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The objective of the study is the assessment of the microbial ecology and safety of fish in Greece using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the correlation of the species of microbial flora with the production of histamine. Fourteen different fish species were obtained from local fish stores (Greece) within 1 day from capture. The initial microbiota in fish flesh was determined using NGS. The main pathogenic bacterial species identified in the tested fish samples included Vibrio spp., Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus, Flavobacterium and Janthinobacterium representing both native freshwater habitats and contaminants arising from different sources, including sewage and direct contamination by wild animals, livestock, and feed. The initial spoilage microbiota of fish consisted of several psychrotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Shewanella, Psychrobacter, Lactobacillus, Brochothrix and Photobacterium. The results of the study show the potential of the application and the usefulness of NGS for the determination of microbial flora associated with food-borne diseases and spoilage in fish products. Histamine formation correlated with the valid reads (concentration and number of bacteria) and slightly with the genus of the identified microorganisms.

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Gu, Junjie, Huayu Wang, Mengye Zhang, Yichen Xiong, Lei Yang, Biao Ren und Ruijie Huang. „Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Microbial Detection“. Pathogens 11, Nr. 12 (01.12.2022): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121450.

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Varieties of microorganisms reside in the oral cavity contributing to the occurrence and development of microbes associated with oral diseases; however, the distribution and in situ abundance in the biofilm are still unclear. In order to promote the understanding of the ecosystem of oral microbiota and the diagnosis of oral diseases, it is necessary to monitor and compare the oral microorganisms from different niches of the oral cavity in situ. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven to be a powerful tool for representing the status of oral microorganisms in the oral cavity. FISH is one of the most routinely used cytochemical techniques for genetic detection, identification, and localization by a fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probe, which can hybridize with targeted nucleic acid sequences. It has the advantages of rapidity, safety, high sensitivity, and specificity. FISH allows the identification and quantification of different oral microorganisms simultaneously. It can also visualize microorganisms by combining with other molecular biology technologies to represent the distribution of each microbial community in the oral biofilm. In this review, we summarized and discussed the development of FISH technology and the application of FISH in oral disease diagnosis and oral ecosystem research, highlighted its advantages in oral microbiology, listed the existing problems, and provided suggestions for future development..

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Yang, Chu-Wen, Yi-Tang Chang, Chi-Yen Hsieh und Bea-Ven Chang. „Effects of Malachite Green on the Microbiomes of Milkfish Culture Ponds“. Water 13, Nr. 4 (04.02.2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040411.

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Intensive fish farming through aquaculture is vulnerable to infectious diseases that can increase fish mortality and damage the productivity of aquaculture farms. To prevent infectious diseases, malachite green (MG) has been applied as a veterinary drug for various microbial infections in aquaculture settings worldwide. However, little is known regarding the consequences of MG and MG-degrading bacteria (MGDB) on microbial communities in milkfish culture ponds (MCPs). In this study, small MCPs were used as a model system to determine the effects of MG on the microbial communities in MCPs. The addition of MG led to cyanobacterial blooms in the small MCP. The addition of MGDB could not completely reverse the effects of MG on microbial communities. Cyanobacterial blooms were not prevented. Microbial communities analyzed by next generation sequencing revealed that cyanobacterial blooms may be due to increase of nitrogen cycle (including nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction and anammox) associated microbial communities, which raised the levels of ammonium in the water of the small MCP. The communities of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (beneficial for aquaculture and aquatic ecosystems) decreased after the addition of MG. The results of this investigation provide valuable insights into the effects of MG in aquaculture and the difficulties of bioremediation for aquatic environments polluted by MG.

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Naeem, Naureen, Saima Ahmad, Shoaib Ahmad Siddiqi und Mona Hassan. „Microbial Quality of Fresh and Frozen Fish from Markets of Lahore“. Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 1, Nr. 3 (05.05.2020): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2017.010318.

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The present study aims at the microbiological analysis of market oriented fresh and frozen fish. Displayed portions of raw fish and frozen carried bacteria that can cause foodborne diseases clearly indicates the risk posed by poor sanitation and unhygienic handling, storage and transportation conditions of fish sold in the markets. Research was designed to compare the presence of indigenous and nonindigenous foodborne bacterial pathogens in displayed, prepacked and packed portions of fish in different markets of Lahore, Pakistan. A total 40 samples of fish were purchased from Super Store (Hyper star), Local Market (local carry shop Mughalpura), Retail shop (Data Darbar), and Fresh water (River Ravi) in Lahore city and analyzed for their microbial quality. All the samples were positive for Total plate count, coliform count, Staphylococcal count, Vibrio count. Among 10 fresh water fish samples mean total Plate Count was 3.8 x 103 CFU/g (log 3.58 ± 0.03526 CFU/g). Among 10 super store fish samples mean total plate count was 4.9 x 104 CFU/g (log 4.05 ± 0.22815CFU/g). Among 10 retail store fish samples mean total plate count was 5.02 x 104 CFU/g (4.19 ± 0.0343 CFU/g) and among 10 local market fish samples mean total plate count was 5.14 x 104 CFU/g (4.212 ± 0.03793 CFU/g). In total, the plate counts range from minimum count log 3.16 to maximum count of 5.30 CFU/g. This study revealed that fish sold in Pakistan could be a source of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Improvements in handling and processing are needed to minimize the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria.

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Tkacheva, Irina Vasilyevna. „Use of STF-1/56 preparation for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in fish“. Agrarian Scientific Journal, Nr. 4 (29.04.2019): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i4pp70-71.

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Carps exposed to infection were investigated objects. The body of aquatic organisms is not a natural reproduction environment of Salmonella, however, as a result of cross-infection, Salmonella bacillus may appear in fish. The use of probiotic additives from living bacteria has become an alternative to the use of antibiotics, probiotics have antagonistic abilities against pathogens. A group of carp yearlings was selected for research in an aquarium installation. The average weight of animal specimen was 900 grams. During the experiment, the main hydrochemical parameters were monitored. Oxygen disturbances were not allowed by using aerators. The temperature of the water was kept at 19–20 ° C. The diet was standard for raising carp and herbivorous fish. The presence of Salmonella bacteria in the control group was revealed in all fish three days after infection. Experimentally established high efficiency of the drug "STF-1/56" in fish farming, as a method of combating Salmonella infection without disrupting the microbial balance of microflora in the intestinal cavity.

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Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Microbial Fish Diseases"

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Thapa, Ganesh Bahadur. „Studies on some physico-chemical parametres of water bodies and microbial fish diseases in eastern Nepal“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2759.

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Negandhi, Karita L. „Microbial Communities with Emphasis on Coral Disease-Associated Bacteria within Florida Reef Sponges“. NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/109.

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Previous studies have shown that bacteria associated with coral diseases are not found in the surrounding water column at detectable levels, yet at the same time, coral diseases are becoming more prominent. Sponges are coral reef residents, which expel filtered seawater that is practically sterile of microbes. Therefore sponges harbor very diverse and abundant microbial communities. This leads to the possibility that coral disease associated bacteria (CDAB) may be present within reef sponge microcosms. In order to identify internal microbes, nonculturable techniques including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), electron microscopy (EM) and 16S small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene cloning and sequencing were applied to local Florida reef sponges Agelas tubulata, Amphimedon compressa and Aplysina fistularis. This study targeted potential coral bacterial pathogens with FISH including Aurantimonas coralicida, Cytophaga sp., Desulfvibrio spp., Firmicutes, Serrattia marcescans, and Vibrio shiloni AK-1. All of the targeted coral disease associated bacteria were found within A. compressa and A. tubulata with FISH, but not in every individual. Differences in the spatial arrangement of targeted microbes were also seen within these sponge hosts. For instance, the two anaerobic bacteria Desulfovibrio spp. and S. marcescans were found in aggragates. In addition, electron microscopy revealed a higher abundance of bacteria in Applysina fistularis choanosome compared to the ectosome.

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Akhlaghi, M. „Comparison of passive and active immunisation of fish against microbial diseases with consideration of the mechanisms involved“. Thesis, 1995. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18859/1/whole_AkhlaghiMostafa1995_thesis.pdf.

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Passive immunisation of fish was carried out to determine whether anti-Vibrio anguillarum antibodies (AVA), anti-Streptococcus sp. antibodies (ASA), and antiParamoeba sp. antibodies (APA) raised in sheep, rabbits and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were persistent and biologically active in rainbow trout. Results of passive immunisation were compared with results of active immunisation in which fish were immunised by immersion in or injection with formalin-killed cells. Assessments of passive and active immunisation were undertaken concurrently for up to three months in order to demonstrate their relative efficacies and, especially, to evaluate the practical potential of passive immunisation. Sheep and rabbit antibodies were detected in fish sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for up to 70 days after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The relative percent survival (RPS) of fish challenged with virulent V. anguillarum after an i.p. injection (0.1 ml 100 g-1 fish body weight) of sheep, rabbit or fish AVA was 93.3, 86.6, 40% at one month; 25, 18.7, 12.5% at two months and 13.3, 4.1, 9.0% at three months post-immunisation (p.i.) respectively. In order to obtain equivalent protection to undiluted fish serum, rabbit and sheep sera had to be diluted 1: 8 and 1: 50 respectively. Protection conferred by immune sera was shown to be due to the specific antibodies alone. Also inactivation of complement from sera had no effect on the potency of either immune or non-immune sera. Affinity purified sheep and rabbit AVA sera were demonstrated to have equivalent protective potential as whole antisera in rainbow trout. Fish actively immunised by immersion showed RPS of 86.6, 93, and 81.8% after one, two and three months p.i. respectively in the same trials. Fish immune responses to sheep and rabbit antisera were determined (using specific ELISA) with the greater response being to the rabbit serum. Rainbow trout given sheep AVA conjugated to LTB (the GM-1-binding subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin) orally had a RPS of 37.5% at 15 days and a RPS of 27% after one month post-immunisation. In contrast, sheep AVA conjugated to TraT (an internal membrane of E. coli) and Quil-A had RPSs of 18.7 and 6.2% after fifteen days and 13.3 and 0% after one month p.i. respectively. The relative percent survival of rainbow trout challenged with virulent Streptococcus sp. after an i.p. injection (0.1 ml 100 g-1 fish body weight) of sheep, rabbit or fish anti-Streptococcus sp. antibodies was 88.8, 50, 0.0% after one month ; 33.3, 6.8, 6.8% after two months and 13.3, 0, 6.6% after three months p.i. respectively. Fish immunised actively had RPS of 88.8 and 11.1% after one month, 38.1 and 4.7% after two months 36 and 0.0% after three months p.i. for the injection and immersion routes respectively. Thus, passive immunisation shows potential as a therapeutic and prophylactic against streptococcosis as it gives similar results to active intraperitoneal vaccination and would be expected to provide immediate protection. In one trial Atlantic salmon immunised i.p. with Paramoeba vaccines showed marked humoral responses. In another trial, Atlantic salmon were immunised passively with an i.p. injection (0.1 ml 100 g-1 fish body weight) of sheep APA. Immunised fish (both actively and passively) were exposed to a natural infection (by cohabitation with infected Atlantic salmon) one month post-immunisation. Transmission of the disease was successful. No unequivocal protection was demonstrated in any of the immunised fish in this experimental challenge trial. Moreover, local antibody against Paramoeba sp. in gill mucus of experimentally infected Atlantic salmon was not detected (by ELISA). It is shown in this study that passive immunisation has significant potential in disease prevention when given to fish at strategic times, especially in the face of an outbreak when there is not enough time for an active immune response. Thus, there should be a future for the use of mammalian hyperimmune sera against fish diseases, in particular, those for which useful immunity by active immunisation is not available.

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SEPEHRI, SHADI. „Microbial etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbial diversity and the role of Escherichia coli“. 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3977.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and is a chronic relapsing inflammation of gastrointestinal tract without any known cause or cure. Currently, it is accepted that IBD is a result of a dysfunctional immune response to commensal bacteria in a genetically susceptible host, and that environmental factors can trigger the onset or reactivation of the disease. This thesis considers the possibility of a specific pathogenic agent as well as an imbalance in the composition of the normal microflora in the pathogenesis of IBD. Gut biopsy tissues were taken from a population-based case-control tissue bank held at the University of Manitoba. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) were employed to assess the diversity of gut microbiota. The phylogenetic, virulence and biochemical characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from IBD biopsies were examined using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), DNA microarray technology and API 20E system. Utilizing ARISA and T-RFLP, a remarkable increase in the order of unclassified Clostridia was detected in inflamed tissues, particularly in CD patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, species richness and diversity were the highest in non-inflamed IBD biopsies. Culture-based quantification detected a significantly higher number of E. coli in IBD tissues (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the tendency of E. coli isolated from IBD patients to be grouped into separate clonal clusters based on their allelic profiles (P = 0.02). A link was detected between uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) CFT073 and strains isolated from IBD, with regards to gene distribution and virulence, using microarray technology. Amino acid substitutions N91S and S99N in FimH, the adhesive subunit of E. coli type I fimbria, were significantly associated to IBD (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated an increase in the microbial diversity of non-inflamed IBD tissues and suggested a recruitment phase of bacterial adherence and colonization, before the inflammation sets in. Furthermore, E. coli isolated from IBD tissues were distinct from commensal strains in both clonal and virulence characteristics and shared remarkable traits with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Features involved in bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells may hold the key to E. coli pathogenesis in IBD.

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Bücher zum Thema "Microbial Fish Diseases"

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Health maintenance of cultured fishes: Principal microbial diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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Plumb, John A. Health maintenance and principal: Microbial diseases of cultured fishes. 3. Aufl. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2011.

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Health maintenance and principal microbial diseases of cultured fishes. Ames: Iowa State University, 1999.

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Plumb, John A. Health Maintenance of Cultured Fishes: Principal Microbial Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Plumb, John A. Health Maintenance of Cultured Fishes: Principal Microbial Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Plumb, John A. Health Maintenance of Cultured Fishes: Principal Microbial Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Plumb, John A. Health Maintenance of Cultured Fishes: Principal Microbial Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Plumb, John A., und Larry A. Hanson. Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. Wiley, 2008.

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Plumb, John A., und Larry A. Hanson. Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Microbial Fish Diseases"

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Stouvenakers, Gilles, Peter Dapprich, Sebastien Massart und M. Haïssam Jijakli. „Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics“. In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 353–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_14.

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AbstractAmong the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.

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Ajilogba, Caroline Fadeke, und Sue Walker. „Climate Change Adaptation: Implications for Food Security and Nutrition“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 735–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_142.

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AbstractIt is apparent that climate change affects every facet of life as no living organism lives outside of the universal environment (air, water, land), and all of these are affected by one or more climate or weather conditions. Climate affects agriculture and vice versa as they are deeply interconnected. The effect of climate change on agriculture goes a long way to increase or decrease food security and invariably food nutrition through its impacts on agricultural lands. This is because the more food insecurity there is, the more issues of undernutrition are observed.This chapter studies the different ways climate and climate change affect crop production through the different sections of agriculture in terms of plant diseases and biocontrol, food production, livestock rearing, fish production, forestry, and microbial diversity. It goes further to look at the different ways nations and communities are adapting to climate change to mitigate the challenges of food insecurity and nutrition. Finally, some of the solutions that can be pilot tested at the community level, which can later be cascaded to national and regional levels, are also emphasized. Other recommendations that can become a research focus to forestall this threat are also highlighted and would be important in policy development.

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Klemm, Per, Mark Schembri und David L. Hasty. „The FimH Protein of Type 1 Fimbriae“. In Toward Anti-Adhesion Therapy for Microbial Diseases, 193–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0415-9_23.

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Marathe, Nachiket P., und Michael S. Bank. „The Microplastic-Antibiotic Resistance Connection“. In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 311–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_9.

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AbstractMicroplastic pollution is a big and rapidly growing environmental problem. Although the direct effects of microplastic pollution are increasingly studied, the indirect effects are hardly investigated, especially in the context of spreading of disease and antibiotic resistance genes, posing an apparent hazard for human health. Microplastic particles provide a hydrophobic surface that provides substrate for attachment of microorganisms and readily supports formation of microbial biofilms. Pathogenic bacteria such as fish pathogens Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., and opportunistic human pathogens like Escherichia coli are present in these biofilms. Moreover, some of these pathogens are shown to be multidrug resistant. The presence of microplastics is known to enhance horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and thus, may contribute to dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Microplastics can also adsorb toxic chemicals like antibiotics and heavy metals, which are known to select for antibiotic resistance. Microplastics may, thus, serve as vectors for transport of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. In this book chapter, we provide background information on microplastic biofouling (“plastisphere concept”), discuss the relationship between microplastic and antibiotic resistance, and identify knowledge gaps and directions for future research.

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Chong, Chou-Min, Mohamed Zahuwaan Shakir, Kok-Song Lai, Hon Jung Liew und Jiun-Yan Loh. „Microbes and fish diseases“. In Recent Advances in Aquaculture Microbial Technology, 65–102. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90261-8.00009-2.

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„Epizootiology of Fish Diseases“. In Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, 31–37. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958353.ch2.

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„Microbial and Parasitic Diseases of Fish“. In Practical Notions on Fish Health and Production, herausgegeben von Fernando Bernardo, 61–126. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681082677116010007.

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„Other Viral Diseases of Fish“. In Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, 227–72. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958353.ch10.

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Yasin, Ina Salwany Md, Aslah Mohamad und Mohamad Azzam-Sayuti. „Control of fish diseases using antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents“. In Recent Advances in Aquaculture Microbial Technology, 127–52. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90261-8.00010-9.

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Kompanets, Eduard, und Viktoria Lavrynenko. „ECOSYSTEM CONNECTIONS AND FISH HEALTH“. In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-40.

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Annotation:

Ecosystems are subject to many human influences. The balance between species is disturbed due to interference with the aquatic environment. Due to environmental pollution, its impact on fish and other aquatic organisms changes. This affects ecosystem connections. Changes in the environment also change the adaptive capacity of fish, leading to impaired health. Also, there is a need to study the protective capabilities of fish from the naturally occurring opportunistic species Aeromonas hydrophila, which causes infections in them. In natural hydrobiocenoses, fish, as well as pathogens of its diseases (aeromonads) are components of food chains formed by evolution. Literature sources prove that aeromonads are normally present in microbial associations of benthic microflora as a normal saprophytic component of hydroecosystems. These bacteria feed on organic residues that are concentrated at the bottom of water bodies and perform a sanitary function, like other similar types of microorganisms. The health of fish depends on their ability to adapt to the environment. Usually in the wild, fish are rarely susceptible to disease. Local populations for a long time of coexistence have formed a certain balance with other species, including parasitic. The balance is reflected by a certain rate of abundance between species. Imbalance due to fishing from the reservoir, or, conversely, with an artificial increase in numbers, leads to changes in the aquatic environment. Changes in the habitat of fish affect themselves. Fish health is changing. In nature, such a disease as aeromonosis is an ecological concept. Violation of the ecological conditions of the species leads to stress, and reduced immunity in fish, leads to fish disease. In aeromonad infections with weak symptoms in carp, a decrease in biological parameters was observed: growth, body weight, fatness and survival (57.1%). The number of blood cells in diseased fish decreased, especially leukocytes and lymphocytes. The percentage of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of carp-infected carp increased. The introduction of the bacterium stimulated the immune response – an increase in the percentage of T-lymphocytes. The percentage of B cells did not increase significantly. In diseased fish, the percentage and number of low-activity T-lymphocytes increased, which corresponded to the presence of an immune response to the bacterium. The values of antibacterial activity of blood serum (BASC) in both groups of fish did not change.

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