Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Micro territorios“

Este trabajo presenta resultados de una encuesta realizada en dos amplias zonas del Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, con posterioridad a la trágica inundación del 2 de abril de 2013. Su objetivo es analizar las percepciones que los habitantes de estos barrios tenían con respecto a los problemas sociales y ambientales para aplicar los resultados en el diseño de agendas científicas de intervención y transformación. En el artículo se retoma el enfoque territorial de la teoría social crítica del espacio y se aplica parcialmente el Método Territorii, que aporta una visión integral de los territorios incorporando la participación de actores comunitarios, políticos, económicos y científico-técnicos. Finalmente, se presentan los avances obtenidos en agendas científicas en ejecución que apuntan a micro-transformaciones concretas desde una visión y gestión integral basada en los resultados obtenidos con la encuesta.

RESUMENEl reconocimiento amplio que ha tenido el proceso de gobernanza para viabilizar las interacciones económicas y sociopolíticas entre actores del gobierno y de la sociedad civil en territorios locales (micro regiones), permite establecer a través del presente artículo, resultado de una indagación documental, la configuración de conexiones teóricas que sustentan la posibilidad de implementar el proceso de planificación y gestión del desarrollo económico-social direccionado desde el paradigma del desarrollo endógeno.Palabras clave: gobernanza, desarrollo endógeno local sostenible, prospectiva.Prospective governance process of planning and management of economic and social development in micro regions ABSTRACTThe wide recognition that has had the governance process to make viable the economic and sociopolitical interactions between the actors of the government and the actors of the civil society in local territories (micro-regions), allows that in the present paper, resulted from a documentary research, to be established the theoretical connections that are configured to assess the possibilities that exist to implement the planning and management of the process of economic and social development addressed by the paradigm of endogenous development.Keywords: governance, local sustainable endogenous development, foresight.Governança da prospectiva do processo de planejamento e gerenciamento do desenvolvimento econômico-social em micro regiões RESUMO O reconhecimento generalizado que teve o processo de governança para viabilizar as interações econômicas e sócio-políticas entre atores do governo e da sociedade civil em territórios locais (micro regiões) permite estabelecer através do presente artigo, resultado de uma pesquisa documental, a configuração de conexões teóricas que sustentam a possibilidade de efetuar o processo de planejamento e gestão do desenvolvimento económico - social orientado desde o paradigma de desenvolvimento endógeno.Palavras-chave: governança, desenvolvimento endógeno local sustentável, prospetiva.

Este trabajo analiza en conjunto los elementos físicos, biogeográficos, procesos de poblamiento, tipos de tenencia y usos que presenta la micro-cuenca y bahía del río Cacaluta, Santa María Huatulco, Oaxaca. La zona en estudio forma parte en un 55% del Parque Nacional Huatulco, otra proporción de la misma cuenca colinda con el área resguardada. Esta región alberga alta biodiversidad, paisajes escénicos que hacen que entren en juego distintos intereses que disputan el uso de los recursos naturales y la apropiación de territorios. Entre las técnicas de análisis empleadas en esta investigación está el uso de diagramas conocidos como modelos coremáticos, los cuales muestran las relaciones de los aspectos del estudio arriba mencionados.

The global expansion of the neoliberal model is most forcefully expressed in the processes of social, cultural, and environmental predation undertaken by corporations in the so-called Global South. Three pertinent processes are taking place in Mexico: (1) an increase in socio-environmental conflicts, mainly in rural areas and in predominantly indigenous territories; (2) the proliferation of citizen resistance of an essentially communal, municipal, or micro-regional nature; and (3) increased violence against these resistance movements by the government across its three levels (federal, state, and municipal) in complicity (or not) with companies and corporations that are trying to implement projects that damage natural resources, affect the quality of the environment, and destroy cultures and the social fabric. La expansión mundial del modelo neoliberal se expresa con mayor fuerza en los procesos de depredación ecológica, social y cultural que las corporaciones realizan en el llamado Sur Global. Tres procesos de la realidad mexicana ilustran lo anterior: (1) el creciente aumento de los conflictos socio-ambientales, principalmente en las áreas rurales y predominantemente en los territorios indígenas; (2) la multiplicación de las resistencias ciudadanas, esencialmente de carácter comunitario, municipal o micro-regional; y (3) el aumento de la violencia contra esos movimientos de resistencia, llevados a cabo por gobiernos en sus tres niveles (federal, estatal y municipal) en complicidad (o no) con las empresas y corporaciones que intentan implementar proyectos que dilapidan los recursos naturales y/o la calidad del ambiente y que provocan destrucción de culturas y tejido social.

Introducción: la epidemiología crítica, como propuesta epistémica para comprender los procesos de la salud, articula un sistema conceptual e instrumental que permite explicar cómo la salud y la enfermedad están determinadas socialmente. Para el caso de la población rural, el impacto de fenómenos geopolíticos como el acaparamiento y el despojo de tierras y territorios es determinante de sus procesos de salud-enfermedad. A lo largo de este artículo de reflexión teórica, se presentan una serie de enfoques y categorías propuestas por Jaime Breilh, quien ha sido pionero en la materia, e identifica su potencial para explicar la incidencia de dichos fenómenos en la modificación de los modos de vida y en la situación de salud de la población rural. Desarrollo: algunos componentes sustanciales de la epidemiología crítica, en relación con su pertinencia teórica y metodológica para analizar el despojo de tierras y los procesos de salud, son: la presencia de lo social en la epidemiología; la dimensión procesual y espacio-temporal; lo macro y lo micro: unidad y jerarquía; procesos protectores y destructores de la salud; y el concepto de metabolismo sociedad-naturaleza. Conclusiones: el despojo de tierras en Colombia ha sido de gran magnitud, y su resolución se considera un tema central para la construcción de la paz en el posconflicto. Desde el marco teórico de la epidemiología crítica, se posibilita adelantar investigaciones para abordar la incidencia del despojo, y el acaparamiento de tierras y territorios, en la situación de salud colectiva de la población rural. Este tipo de abordajes ha tenido poco desarrollo en el país y cobra importancia en el contexto actual, bajo el cual el extractivismo creciente amenaza los procesos vitales de las comunidades agrarias.

En la Provincia de Santa Cruz el área cordillerana es la más postergada en términos de poblamiento y cualificación de sus territorios. En este espacio de cerca de 100.000 km2 ubicado sobre la traza de la Ruta Nacional 40 y la frontera con Chile, cinco municipios y tres comisiones de fomento reunían en 2001 menos de 25.000 habitantes. Estos espacios experimentan particularmente desde fines del Siglo pasado profundas transformaciones territoriales: penetración de nuevas actividades y capitales, acelerada inserción en mercados internacionales y modificaciones en las relaciones entre grupos sociales afectando las formas de organización de la producción y del espacio.Las dinámicas de las actividades dominantes son fundamentalmente extractivas, como la minería y la explotación de hidrocarburos, que lentamente se despliega hacia el oeste provincial, determinadas por un escenario internacional de disputa por la valoración y el acceso a recursos naturales entre grandes empresas trasnacionales y sociedades.El plan se encuadró en el Subproyecto Herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones del Proyecto de Investigación UNPA 29 A/254-2 Desarrollo territorial y recursos naturales en el espacio cordillerano santacruceño. Potencialidades, vulnerabilidades y proyectos regionales dirigido por Alejandro Schweitzer y codirigido por Boris Díaz. A tal efecto se trabajó en particular en torno al estudio de indicadores de desarrollo territorial y la integración de unidades espaciales en el marco de su incorporación a los sistemas de información territorial y la captura y procesamiento de información en campo por medio de entrevistas e inventarios particularmente sobre la Micro-Región de Río Turbio.

Se confronta algunos aspectos relevantes en los proyectos aprobados oficialmente para la ciudad y micro-región de Santiago desde 1960, con los correspondientes conceptos hoy explicitados y globalizados en materia de sustentabilidad. Se intenta superar los reduccionismos presentes en los pocos y breves análisis de los últimos años al respecto, y valorar más equilibradamente una experiencia relevante del Estado de Chile, en los momentos en que es necesaria una participación mejor informada en las discusiones actuales para una ''nueva planificación"de los asentamientos humanos y territorios habitables. Se concluye que, a pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas y de recursos de información en la época de su formulación, los cuerpos conceptuales aplicados en dicha planificación, representan una etapa temprana de un discurso hoy maduro sobre la sustentabilidad.

Este artículo reúne algunos elementos de tipo teórico tomados desde perspectivas antropológicas que tratan de facilitar la comprensión de un hecho concreto a analizar, el fenómeno del conflicto, las identidades y los territorios en el suroccidente de Colombia, puntalmente en el Departamento del Cauca, uno de los lugares de mayor tensión política, social y cultural del país. El texto expone, además de las consideraciones antropológicas, varios aspectos que podrían servir como rutas metodológicas y epistemológicas para abordar tales situaciones. En el documento se desarrollan puntos de reflexión a partir de categorías antropológicas como la alteridad y la identidad, intentando, a partir de estas, generar un marco interpretativo del contexto de esta parte de Colombia. Uno de los objetivos del trabajo es tratar de subsanar las falencias que en términos de investigación se presentan para el caso concreto de esta región del país, pues si bien el conflicto ha sido tratado desde diferentes campos disciplinares, su interpretación y complejidad ha sido más bien poco abordada por la antropología. En síntesis, el artículo intenta una especie de abordaje de la teoría a un estudio de caso que intenta dar a conocer cómo operan fenómenos el colonialismo y otros discursos en una esfera de análisis micro.

ANALYSIS OF POVERTY FROM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE BAHIA'S IDENTITY TERRITORIESANÁLISIS DE LA POBREZA DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA MULTIDIMENSIONAL EN LOS TERRITORIOS DE IDENTIDAD DE BAHIARESUMOSob a perspectiva multidimensional e com base no conceito de pobreza desenvolvido por Amartya Sen, cuja noção elaborada refere-se à ausência ou privação de capacidades básicas, este trabalho mensura e analisa a pobreza nos Territórios de Identidade da Bahia. Para tanto, utiliza-se o Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional - IPM criado pela Iniciativa de Pesquisas em Pobreza e Desenvolvimento Humano da Universidade de Oxford, em parceria com o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento. Foram utilizados os microdados da amostra do censo demográfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE referentes ao ano de 2010. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a proporção de pobres multidimensionais no estado da Bahia corresponde a 25,46%. Os indicadores que carecem de maior atenção são: anos de escolaridade, saneamento e coleta de lixo, os quais apresentaram maiores percentuais de privações para diversos territórios baianos. Com relação à intensidade, verificou-se que sua manifestação na Bahia é maior que sua incidência, resultando em 36,96% a média de privações compartilhadas pelos indivíduos multidimensionalmente pobres. O IPM se apresentou mais crítico para os Territórios de Identidade Bacia do Rio Corrente (0,143) e Baixo Sul (0,141); já para a Bahia, esse resultado foi de 0,094. A mensurabilidade torna-se importante para melhor embasar as políticas públicas de assistência social e de promoção do desenvolvimento dos territórios.Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Capacitações; Índice Multidimensional.ABSTRACTThis study aims at measuring and analyzing the state of poverty in Identity Territories of Bahia under multidimensional approach based on the concept of poverty of absence or deprivation of basic capabilities by Amartya Sen. The present research measured poverty using the Multidimensional Poverty Index - MPI created by Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) at the University of Oxford, in a partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Micro-data on the basis of demographic census of 2010 carried out by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) was used. The survey results show that the proportion of multidimensional poorness is corresponding to 25.46%. The qualitative indicators that need further attention are: years of schooling, sanitation and garbage collection. They had higher percentages of deprivation among the Territories. Regarding to the intensity, Bahia has higher numbers if compared to the incidence rates, resulting 36.96% in the average of the deprivation of multidimensional poorness. The MPI was more critical to the Identity Territories of Bacia do Rio Corrente (0.143) and Baixo Sul (0.141) compared to Bahia which result was 0.094. The measurability of poverty becomes important to better endorse public policies on social assistance and to better promote the development of the Territories.Keywords: Poverty; Capability; Multidimensional Index.RESUMENEste documento mide y analiza la pobreza en los Territorios de Identidad de Bahía desde una perspectiva multidimensional y basada en el concepto de pobreza desarrollado por Amartya Sen como ausencia o privación de habilidades básicas. Se utiliza el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional - IPM creado por la Iniciativa de Investigación sobre la Pobreza y Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad de Oxford, en asociación con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. Utilizamos los microdatos de la muestra del censo del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística para 2010. Los resultados de la encuesta muestran que la proporción de pobres multidimensionales en el estado de Bahía corresponde al 25,46%. Los indicadores que necesitan más atención son: años de escolaridad, saneamiento y recolección de basura que presentaron porcentajes más altos de privación para los diversos territorios de Bahía. Con respecto a la intensidad, se encontró que su manifestación en Bahía es mayor que su incidencia, lo que resulta en 36.96% de la privación promedio compartida por individuos pobres multidimensionales. El IPM fue más crítico para los Territorios de Identidad de la Cuenca del Río Corrente (0.143) y Low Sul (0.141), para Bahía, este resultado fue 0.094. La mensurabilidad se vuelve importante para apoyar mejor las políticas públicas de asistencia social y la promoción del desarrollo territorial.Palabras clave: Pobreza; Entrenamiento; Índice Multidimensional.

Este texto presenta el enfoque denominado geosemántica social, su marco teórico conceptual, su investigación y su aplicación como tecnología social. Realizaremos una exposición en el nivel de resultados del proceso de concepción, estudio y desarrollos de aplicación de esta propuesta disciplinaria que cruza lo geográfico con lo societal. El concepto surge hace una década, a partir de un enfoque de autor sobre el fenómeno emergente de los mapas digitales, en cruce con el poder de las redes sociales y de la funcionalidad sustantiva de anotar sobre ellos; comunicando y socializando lugares. Se expone un tipo de sociología del territorio, que estudia la forma en la que individuos, comunidades y organizaciones, disponen de nuevos recursos tecnológicos, que permiten anotar en mapas (georreferenciación) y con ello generar significaciones e identidades para los lugares y territorios. Nuestro objeto es conocer los recursos sociales de anotación, comunicación, validación de lugares y su despliegue mediante mapas; desde donde se generan fenómenos relevantes para la transformación tecno-societal en curso, considerando desde sus aspectos lúdicos y expresivos, así como contingentes y estratégicos, alcanzando el concepto de geopolítica (y también micro-geopolítica). Se examina el nivel de familiaridad entre la noción de «neogeografía» y la geosemántica social, realizando un breve análisis de tres plataformas de mapas sociales: Waze, Foursquare y OpenStreetMap. Finalmente se hará repaso evolutivo de tres textos del autor; publicados entre los años 2005 y 2013, que permitirá entregar una definición actualizada del concepto.

La formación de una cultura ambiental desde los territorios en los procesos de educación formal implica el desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas alternativas a las tradicionales enfocadas en la enseñanza de contenidos. En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una indagación documental acerca de experiencias pedagógicas y didácticas, entre los que se destacan variables como: aspectos curriculares, formación docente, problemáticas de la educación ambiental, integraciones curriculares y de comunidades, además el manejo de plásticos de un solo uso. La metodología de análisis de contenido permitió la consulta de revistas especializadas en educación ambiental y en distintas bases de datos. Los hallazgos fueron organizados por categorías, de las cuales el manejo de plásticos de un solo uso en la educación formal fue la principal. Así mismo, se destaca que las actividades realizadas en las instituciones educativas fomentan la reutilización que generan micro plásticos y la incineración libera reacciones químicas como furanos y dioxinas. No existen acciones educativas hacia la disminución en la generación de plásticos.

En nuestro país todos somos testigos del nivel de podredumbre en lo ético y moral en las más altas esferas del poder político, la justicia y poder ejecutivo. En tres décadas propios y extraños robaron al país más de $70,000´000,000 millones de dólares, al margen de ello, los grandes, medianos, pequeños y micro empresarios continúan empeñados en lograr sus objetivos empresariales para el presente y los siguientes años. Este año 2019 a pesar de la enorme crisis política en la que nos encontramos, tendremos un ligero incremento en las exportaciones del sector agrario, la mayor participación en ella, la tendrán los grandes y medianos empresarios agrícolas de la Costa, en función a la cantidad de recursos con que se dispone en esta región natural. En cambio, en la regiones naturales de sierra y selva millones de familias agrarias, viven conjuntamente con sus producciones en situación de pobreza y pobreza extrema por no contar con similares recursos, en este sentido se requieren urgentemente determinar una visión del sector fijando objetivos de inclusión económica social y, sus correspondientes estrategias y planes de acción de corto, mediano y largo plazo sobre crecimiento y desarrollo agrario basada en ordenamiento territorial con asignación de multi recursos, a fin de aprovechar las grandes oportunidades y el enorme potencial productivo de nuestros territorios agrarios, frente a innumerables acuerdos comerciales y mercados como consecuencia de la globalización y, de este modo, poder superar gradualmente la pobreza extrema y pobreza en este sector. Los objetivos involucran cobertura de demanda interna en la que se incluyen compras del estado con asignación de proveedores asociativos exclusivos y, de igual forma la generación de producciones con ofertas exportables.

El boom turístico de las últimas décadas ha motivado a los gobiernos a enfocarse en impulsar la competitividad turística de sus países y destinos, como un catalizador del desarrollo humano. La presente investigación realiza un análisis comparativo de las diversas variables del Índice de Competitividad Turística Regional de Colombia (ICTRC) desarrollado por el Centro de Pensamiento Turístico (CPTUR), inherentes a la dimensión de Gestión del Destino en 22 territorios de Colombia. Se aplicó el método del análisis de componentes principales para medir la correlación entre 18 variables seleccionadas del ICTRC, que dan cuenta de la gestión de destinos en Colombia. Se identificó que, para mejorar la competitividad turística de los destinos en Colombia, los focos principales deben orientarse hacia la información turística, los eventos terroristas, los niveles de presupuestales, el retorno a la contribución parafiscal y la inclusión del turismo en los planes de desarrollo. Se recomienda que las entidades gubernamentales formulen, implementen y validen procesos a nivel macro y micro en los constructos referidos, con el fin de impactar considerablemente la competitividad turística de los destinos. Palabras clave: Competitividad turística; destinos turísticos; análisis de componentes principales; Colombia.

El artículo presenta un estudio analítico sobre la caracterización del uso y del potencial productivo de los territorios y tierras rurales en Ecuador, como escenario para la aplicación del modelo de Economía Popular y Solidaria, EPS. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, se planteó la siguiente hipótesis: “La posesión y usufructo de una parcela agrícola, individual o colectiva en las áreas rurales donde prevalece la presencia de los actores de la Economía Popular y Solidaria, apenas facilita su sobrevivencia, pero no es garantía para una reproducción familiar apropiada o para una vida familiar digna”. Con base en los resultados de la investigación, la hipótesis fue aceptada como verdadera. Uno de los principales resultados fue la relación directa entre la pobreza de las poblaciones y su actividad económica principal, que es agricultura, aplicada en tierras con aptitud natural para forestación o conservación. Además, se encontró que las actividades productivas de las poblaciones rurales actoras de la EPS, están sujetas a riesgos constantes, en función de las amenazas de eventos climáticos adversos y de la vulnerabilidad de las áreas en producción, por estar ubicadas en ecosistemas frágiles. Por otro lado, se encontró que el tamaño promedio de Unidades Productivas, Agropecuarias, UPA, está muy por debajo del tamaño mínimo requerido para hacer agricultura redituable y la tendencia a continuar subdividiendo las UPA, es creciente. Sin embargo, aun con estos tamaños micro de UPA, las familias dejan de cultivar parte de sus fundos cambian de uso productivo desde cultivos a pastos para cría de ganado, esto lo hacen para evitar el uso de la mano de obra en actividades agrícolas no rentables en la UPA y ofertar la mano de obra en actividades remuneradas extra finca. Las conclusiones del estudio fueron: i) Tanto por la calidad de la tierra o territorio (aptitud natural de uso), como por la cantidad disponible (tamaño de UPA insuficiente), la posesión y usufructo de una UPA, no es una garantía para la reproducción y aseguramiento de la calidad de vida familiar, en la mayoría de áreas rurales de la Sierra ecuatoriana, pero especialmente para las comunidades y grupos indígenas, que se supone conforman la EPS; ii) En muchos casos, la tierra como pertenencia individual o colectiva, más bien se ha convertido en el principal y acaso único activo del patrimonio familiar o comunal, antes de ser el medio de producción, y iii) Se ha evidenciado que el tipo de agricultura denominada “agricultura familiar”, “agricultura de subsistencia”, o “agricultura de sobrevivencia”, todavía reinvindicada por varios investigadores y promotores rurales, parecería no tener un futuro prometedor.

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in studying the spatial distribution of cultural and creative industries (CCI), both for their contribution to economic development and for their impact on spatial planning and remodeling of urban structure. However, spatial interdependence and diffusion of agglomeration economies have not been explained enough so far, due to the use of aggregate spatial units. This paper examines CCI sector location patterns in Spain from a spatial–temporal perspective, using micro-geographic data and considering a new and hitherto unused territorial unit, districts, an intermediate demarcation between municipalities and provinces or regions. We used a geographic information system (GIS) analysis and spatial econometric techniques to study territorial distribution and spatial dependences. Results show that CCI are mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas, with spillover effects in adjacent districts, reflecting a non-contemporary spatial dependence process, whilst large territories are devoid of these effects. This reveals a new source of regional disparities, as CCI seems to follow technology gap models, triggering greater and more intense spatial imbalances wherever it appears. Policy implications regarding accountability resources and institutional coordination must be deduced.

This article discusses approaches to the formation of the infrastructure support system for innovative entrepreneurial activity in resource-based regions. The author redefines the notion of infrastructural support of innovative entrepreneurship, develops a territorial-production model of the infrastructure support system for innovative business, and proposes approaches to the formation of infrastructure support systems for innovative business in resource-based regions, as well as production and technological infrastructure in resource-based regions at the macro, meso and micro levels. The author also proves the need for developing technology parks, business incubators, technology transfer centers, territories of advanced development, special economic zones. The expediency of development of infrastructure in the form of internal ventures and spinouts are proved. Special attention is paid to the formation of territories of advanced development in single-industry towns.

It is well established that the stigmatisation of residents of socio-economically disadvantaged places by outsiders can have harmful consequences for those residents’ wellbeing and opportunities. However, relatively little research examines the effects of intra-neighbourhood stigmatisation on residents. We draw on Loïc Wacquant’s ‘advanced marginality’ thesis to explore this dynamic. We extend Wacquant’s concept of ‘territorial stigmatisation’ empirically with a social and spatial analysis of relational ties and stigma in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in Tasmania, Australia. This shifts the analytical focus from insider–outsider boundary-making to the ‘micro-territories’ of stigma production, which we argue are relationally as well as geographically constituted.

The article is aimed at defining the behavioral patterns of economic decision-making at the level of territorial hromadas. The main difference between traditional economic science and behavioral economics is substantiated. The traditional economic model is formed around the behavior of the «economic man», which is characterized by rationality in decision-making, completeness of self-control, limitless cognitive skills, restricted self-interest and stability of preferences; behavioral economics – around the behavior of Humans, which is characterized by numerous behavioral biases, changing preferences, acquiring new skills and further learning, social impact, altruism, etc. Two levels of behavioral economics are highlighted: micro- and macro-levels. The first level involves the study of the peculiarities of individual decision-making, the second involves the study of the impact of the behavior of economic agents on the development of the financial market together with economic growth of territories. It is substantiated that the study of behavioral patterns at the local level in the State requires, first of all, an analysis of the peculiarities of individual decision-making in the context of the developments in the micro-behavioral economics. The principles of behavioral economics, which have a significant impact on the behavioral characteristics of economic entities in the process of economic decision-making, are systematized. Cognitive biases and heuristic methods, features of choice architecture that influence decision-making are defined. Prospects for further research in this direction are the introduction of the principles of behavioral economics in the context of the development of territorial hromadas, in particular, taking into account tendencies in decentralization and the increasing impact of the behavior of certain subjects or groups of such entities on the development of the territory with a decrease in the size of the administrative-territorial unit.

À partir de l’étude de cas unique d’une société d’accélération de transfert de technologie (SATT) performante, l’article vise à mettre en évidence la tension paradoxale entre valeur micro-économique et valeur territoriale, perçues, et la manière dont celle-ci est managée. Les résultats témoignent d’un processus d’apprentissage, au sein de la SATT investiguée, permettant la mise en œuvre d’une logique de combinaison alliant des pratiques organisationnelles paradoxales de différenciation et de dialogue qui se manifestent à un niveau stratégique, opérationnel et individuel.

Boris Rodoman’s concept of a polarized landscape is to create a universal model for the harmonious distribution on the planet of opposing environmental types: wildlife and large cities, between which transitional functional zones are located. In the case of landscape polarization, there will be a sustainable development of society. Further developing this concept, we can classify these territories that are opposite in function and study the dependence of their distribution on the population density of a particular state or region. Among the uninhabited territories, poles of inaccessibility stand out - the most remote points from the infrastructure. Around them the areas of inaccessibility are formed; they are limited by infrastructure facilities. They can be of different scales: micro level, meso level, macro level and mega level. Territorial systems modified by humans are called anthropogenic landscapes. In terms of extent, their levels correspond to the areas of inaccessibility: micro level, meso level, and macro level. To study the sizes of inaccessibility areas and sections of anthropogenic landscape, the methods of studying satellite images and GIS technology were used in the work. The territory of the Perm region has been analyzed as an example. As a result, it turned out that the area of anthropogenic landscape is 42% of the region’s territory, and 58% is inaccessible areas. Also, studying space images of other regions and countries of Eurasia, the dependence of the anthropogenic landscape area (% of the total area of region) on the population density in all the studied regions of Eurasia was revealed: 0-2 people/km² - 0 to 20 %, 2-10 people/km² - 20-40 %, 10-50 people/km² - 40-60 %, 50-100 people/km² - 60-80 %, more than 100 people/km² - 80-100 %.

Los ejercicios de planificación se hacen generalmente en una sola dimensión, el tiempo o el espacio. Los planes de desarrollo, en los cuales se definen objetivos, metas, programas y proyectos a ejecutar en un horizonte de tiempo determinado y los de ordenamiento territorial, en los cuales se definen los usos de los suelos y la localización de las diferentes intervenciones humanas a realizar para garantizar un desarrollo territorialmente ordenado de una región o localidad, se elaboran generalmente, sin que exista un mínimo de alineación entre los dos ejercicios. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta de planificación en la cual se integran estas dos dimensiones aplicando dos principios fundamentales, ir del largo al corto plazo en la dimensión tiempo y del macro al micro territorio en la dimensión espacial. Posteriormente, se presenta una aplicación al caso del municipio de Buenaventura, en la región Pacífico colombiana. Se espera con ello, hacer una contribución al mejoramiento de la planificación regional y urbana en países en desarrollo.

Introduction: the article examines the materials of Gornozavodsk local economic micro-district to identify the processes that shape the classical poly-centered conurbation on this territory. Objectives: analysis of Gornozavodsk conurbation specific features, historical development of this old industrial territory in the Western Urals, as well as the overall social, economic, and infrastructural challenges of future opportunities for the mining and metallurgical area of Prikamye. Methods: comparative and comprehensive analysis of the prerequisites and agglomeration evolution in the old industrial territory of the mining and metallurgical Prikamye, statistic data analysis, analysis of the regulatory documents on the territory spatial development, identification of the strategic potential for Gornozavodsk conurbation. Results: spatial aspect and prerequisites to shape and develop the agglomeration processes in the neighboring municipalities in the mining and metallurgical Prikamye have been identified; strategic priorities for dealing with the traditional challenges in the social and economic development in the old industrial territories have been formulated in terms of their neighboring and associated performance. Conclusions: the current conditions of the uneven spatial development and polarization of the social and economic processes update the need to identify priority “growth points”, to enhance agglomeration aspects of the territorial interaction, to consolidate the efforts by the federal, regional, and municipal authorities and systemic companies in strategic development of the industrial territories in the Western Urals.

O estudo das diversas formas de poder (e suas teorias), dentre elas a do Estado são relacionadas, neste texto, às abordagens e às singularidades expressas no poder local. Este é compreendido não como um recorte territorial localizado e localizável, mas como um espaço com história e memória próprias, com identidades e práticas políticas determinadas, ou seja, socialmente construído. O que se pode considerar, tendo em vista a investigação realizada é que, como nas demais instâncias sócio-territoriais, também no poder local (e talvez até muito mais nele), é ímpar uma pluralidade de poderes que se digladiam ou se associam (depende do objetivo e do momento) como os do Estado, das elites, dos micro-poderes, do poder simbólico, do poder de influência etc. Nesse sentido, revela-se a atuação dos mesmos em decisões reais, impostas ou ofertadas por alguns atores e atendidas ou não por outros e, então, as alianças e os conflitos.

Relevance of research topic. The number of Ukrainian holding-type organizations and their land bankcontinues to grow, "displacing" small and medium-sized producers from the agricultural economy.Since 2019, state policy has been refocusing on forced support for small and small-scale farms, and after the Ukrainian decentralization reform the leadership of the united territorial communities of the new tools they received depends on the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Formulation of the problem. Today, the actualization of local economic development requires significant financial resources from the united territorial communities. And the formation of their budget depends on the effectiveagricultural sector operation. After the Ukrainian reform of local self-government and decentralization, the economic development of the territories and of Ukraine as a whole, depends on the using of new tools and resources by the community leadership. The solution of theagrarian sphere problems of the united territorial communities is in the plane ofsmall agrarian entrepreneurship state support, strengthening of the state control over the activity of large agro-traders, as well as their social and financial responsibility to the united territorial communities. Analysis of recent research and publications. Theoretical questions on the study of small agrarian entrepreneurship in the development of united territorial communities were engaged in such scientists of the Institute of Economics of NASU, Institute of Agrarian Economics of NAAS of Ukraine, as Shemyakin D., Finagina O. V., Lysetsky A. S., Onishchenko O. M., and other national and foreign scientists. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The issue of the impact of decentralization on theagricultural sector development of the united territorial communities needs to be detailed and further researched. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The article aim is to investigate the theoretical aspect of organizational and legal foundations of the formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine, assess thesmall agricultural business current state and trace its relationship with the activities of united territorial communities for economic development. Method or methodology for conducting research. The set of general scientific methods of cognition and special methods of economic research are used in the work. Among them: analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, system-structural and comparative analysis, systematic method of cognition of economic processes and phenomena, index method and method of statistical groupings for analysis of united territorial communities activity development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article considers the theoretical aspect of organizational and legal foundations of the united territorial communities formation in Ukraine, assesses the current state of small agricultural business and reveals it’s main relationships with the united territorial communities activities for region economic development. Territorial communities are voluntary associations of residents of city, village and settlement councils, which directly receive funding from the state budget for the development of education, medicine, sports, culture, and social protection. Financial support from the state gives more opportunities to local communities to implement their own projects. The more active the territorial community, the more projects will be implemented and theterritorial communityprofitability level will be higher, which it will spend on the development of territories. This is the main incentive to attract additional investment to improve people's living standards. In 2020, theUkrainian Cabinet of Ministers adopted 24 orders on the definition of administrative centers and approval ofregional community’s territories. There are 1469 territorial communities in our country. After the launch of the decentralization process in Ukraine – the transfer of powers and resources to places from which the community itself determines the direction of funding, small communities require forresource lack for rural development. The solution has beena decision to consolidate several councils by merging, which allowed communities to use common resources for territorial development. Ukraine owns 60.3 million hectares, which is about 6% of Europe's territory.There are 32.7 millionarable land hectares of land in the structure ofUkrainian agricultural territory, of which almost 9 million are used as pastures, hayfields and other agricultural lands. The quarter of agricultural land was never distributed, remaining on the balance of the state. Thus, state and the communal property include 10.5 million hectares of agricultural land, which is 26% of the total area, of which 3.2 million hectares – in the permanent use of state enterprises, 2.5 million hectares – in stock, and the rest – for rent. Almost 40% of the total number of Ukrainian enterprises in the agricultural sector and 38% of the area of agricultural land cultivated by agricultural enterprises are absorbed by agricultural holdings and large agricultural traders. On June 1, 2019, there were more than 160 large agricultural holdings in the country, they cultivate more than 3.6 million hectares of agricultural land. Thus, today in Ukraine the number of holding-type organizations and their land bank continues to grow, "displacing" small and medium-sized producers from the agricultural economy. Thecommunity agrarian branch is a complex multi-sectoral system, the individual subsystems of which are unevenly represented in different territorial formations, but are in close interaction with each other. The role of small agrarian businesses in the development of united territorial community’sagriculture is constantly growing. In recent years, the share of farms has increased by 30%. With the development of farming in the agricultural regions of Ukraine, the opportunities to solve the problem of employment in rural areas and the revival of territories in general are increasing. Therefore, state support for agricultural producers is an important step in order to obtain funds for small business development in the agro-industrial sector. If earlier the preference of vectors of state support was in large agro-traders, then from 2019 the policy of the state was reoriented to the strengthened support of small and small-scale farms. Such support is confirmed by financial preferences for small agribusiness through regional branches of the Ukrainian State Farm Support Fund. Agricultural cooperatives will receive state support through cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine with the assistance of the Department. Thus, today the promissory note form of payment has been abolished, and 70% of the cost of their equipment has been reimbursed for cooperatives. As a result of the crisis of 2014-2016, many Ukrainians started doing business and many successful cases of micro and small agricultural enterprises operating in the regions appeared in the country. However, barriers to rural development are a lack of financial resources and a lack of economic knowledge. Therefore, in order to maximally support farms and agro-industrial entrepreneurship in rural areas by the state, high-quality interaction and communication on the ground is needed. Thus, in addition to financial support, the state program also includes advising agricultural producers. Experienced specialists will help to structure the business, calculate the financial and create a business plan. In 2020, the budget of financial support for the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine is set at 4 billion UAH, which is only 43% of the limit – does not meet 1% of GDP. the real need for financial state support of a key sector of Ukraine's economy. The implementation of the program of financing micro and small agribusiness has great potential not only in the country, but also within each united territorial community. Each of them, which participates in the program of state support of small agrarian business, annually receives about 75 thousand UAH of taxes to its budget. On a national scale, this is an additional UAH 75 million ($ 3.06 million) in taxes to local budgets over 5 years. The possibility of organizational and legal forms of micro and small agribusiness, according to the current legislation of Ukraine, to hire labor – partially solves the problem of unemployment in rural areas. A significant contribution is also made by micro and small agribusiness in increasing the volume of gross domestic product in Ukraine. Small and medium business in Ukraine brings 55% of gross domestic product to the country's economy, and micro and small business 16%, while in Europe the figure is twice as high, and their efficiency is 10 times higher than in our country. It is the subjects of small and medium-sized businesses in the field of agriculture that are powerful catalysts and stimulators of business activity, determine the unification of all participants in economic relations in the country. Therefore, state support and effective development of united territorial community’sagribusiness create the basis for the emergence and functioning of the institutional environment. Thus, giving 12% of Ukraine's GDP and providing jobs for members of the local community, small agribusiness entities need the development of agricultural equipment suppliers, agricultural processors, research institutions that conduct breeding work and develop modern technologies, logistics infrastructure, market structures, as well as institutions of agricultural education. The agro-industrial sphere of the community is the main means of ensuring the socio-economic development of territorial united territorial communitiesand the effective functioning of rural areas. However, the distribution of agricultural land and land ownership remains an urgent problem for united territorial communities, as in addition to the territorial base, the land is a means of agricultural production. The population of the united territorial community is the main consumer of agricultural products produced by small agricultural enterprises. So, it provides a reproduction of labor for the industry. The vector of development of united territorial community’sagricultural production depends on the availability of natural, productive and labor resources of the community. The most energy-intensive are the production of vegetable crops, sugar beets, potatoes, industrial crops, as well as certain livestock industries, which are more often engaged in by farms and small agricultural enterprises. The study found that in Ukraine, government measures are the main obstacle to the development of agro-industrial entrepreneurship in united territorial communities, because it creates an extremely unfavorable climate for the development of small and medium enterprises or prohibits it altogether. For many years in a row, the sources of budget formation, which are generally local taxes, remain a significant problem in the development of agriculturally oriented united territorial communities. The limitation of incomes of agricultural enterprises and the population is the low efficiency of agricultural enterprises, the main reason for which is the low wages of peasants. The reason for this problem in the agricultural sector is low productivity, which forms the added value of agricultural products. Examining the structure of Ukrainian small agrarian business, its players in general education were classified into two large groups: 1. Farmers and agricultural producers living and working in rural areas. They live in a society within the lands of which they rent shares, pay all the necessary taxes, provide residents of general education with jobs, finished agricultural products at affordable prices. 2. Farmers who are registered in Ukrainian cities, however, use the land of the community, paying only the rent of agricultural land, depleting them due to non-compliance with crop rotations. Such agro-traders enjoy state support, soft loans and other preferences, receive super-profits and in no way contribute to the development of agricultural areas and society. These are the activities of large agro-industrial holdings, the form of interaction with rural general education and the mechanisms of social responsibility which need to be worked out with the help of the following measures by the government and agricultural producers: 1) development and restoration of the infrastructure of the united territorial communities and its elements used by agricultural holdings; 2) use of modern ecologically safe agrotechnologies. 3) training of qualified specialists in the field of agro-industrial complex, their employment in modern agro-industrial companies; 4) state support, restoration and preservation of recreational and health facilities of the united territorial communities, including agricultural lands, which are leased by large agricultural holdings; 5) involvement in the economic activity of the agricultural holding of farms on a partnership basis. Thus, partnerships and cooperation between large agricultural holdings and small agricultural producers of united territorial communities can contribute not only to the development of small agricultural businesses in Ukraine, but also to the socio-economic development of society and rural areas in general. The field of application of results. Thescientific research results on the problems of small agricultural entrepreneurship in the development of united territorial communities can be used in the field of state regulation of agribusiness and united territorial communities to support local agricultural producers. Conclusions according to the article. The agro-industrial sphere of the communities is the main means of ensuring the socio-economic development of territorial communities and the effective functioning of rural areas, because the development of farming opportunities increases the problem of rural employment and the revival of territories in general. That is why state support for agricultural producers is an important step to obtain funds for small business development in the agro-industrial sector.

Purpose This study aims to understand how legislation and technology can enhance socio-economic development in low-density population territories, focusing specifically on the dynamics of local tourist accommodation over the past decade. Design/methodology/approach A case study was conducted for five municipalities in one of the most significant tourism regions of Portugal – the Algarve – based on a systematic investigation of relevant laws, regulations and electronic platforms. Official statistics were compiled and analyzed for the five territories’ registered local accommodation services, population, overnight stays and additional local services. Findings The results reveal that public entities’ regulations favor micro-entrepreneurship initiatives in local accommodation and that digital tools supported by online platforms have quite visible effects on low-density territories. The findings also reveal that the local tourist accommodation supply has experienced an especially dynamic, sustained growth over the past decade. This expansion has been accompanied by an increased supply of other services, suggesting that accommodation can positively influence the existing and/or future socio-economic development of low-density territories. Research limitations/implications Further studies focusing on other areas with low-density populations are needed to determine more clearly how local accommodation influences socio-economic development. Practical implications Public regulations supported by digital platforms that favor micro-entrepreneurship initiatives in local accommodation can strengthen local development. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to analyze how local tourist accommodation can foster socio-economic development in low-density territories.

Since 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have been engaged in various military missions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including occasional high-intensity fighting and counter-insurgency, as well as civilian duties, such as administration and policing. While existing literature emphasizes the organizational and professional burden this combination of duties places on the military, the actual forces that shape soldiers’ policing practices in the field remain largely unexamined. The present article offers a micro-sociological examination of the patterns of military policing implemented by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank. It explores the social and political forces that shape soldiers’ ‘logics of action’ and demonstrates the reciprocal relations between the IDF’s disparate modes of policing of Jewish settlers and Palestinians. Three clusters of factors shape these interrelations: the relationships between soldiers and settlers, the blurring between ‘security’ and ‘civilian’ missions, and situational variables. The research for this article was conducted between 2004 and 2018.

En este artículo se hace una reflexión sobre el papel clave que juegan las empresas turísticas, en especial las micro y pequeñas empresas, en el favorecimiento de un turismo más sostenible a través del aprovechamiento y promoción del patrimonio cultural. En primer lugar, se aborda la relación entre las micro y pequeñas empresas turísticas y la protección del patrimonio cultural, sobre todo desde el punto de vista de su integración en el territorio y destino. A continuación, se trata la cuestión de la interacción cultural. La idea de partida es que para la conservación del patrimonio es básico hacer una gestión correcta de las visitas que se organicen en torno a ese patrimonio. La mejor manera de que las visitas sean más rentables para las empresas turísticas es contar con la comunidad local. Finalmente, el último apartado se dedica a la presentación de la cultura y el patrimonio por parte de las empresas, abordando la cuestión de la imagen y la importancia de que cualquier micro y pequeña empresa turística incorpore una visión global del territorio donde ejerza su actividad.

The article deals with the results of research on peripheral region at the micro regional level. The results of field research in four model territories selected in regions with different geographical conditions are evaluated. The resulting SWOT analysis of different model regions is given and compared. The second part of the contribution interprets the subjective perception of a selected population sample in the model territories, the results of a questionnaire inquiry done in all the model regions are evaluated and compared.

This paper analyses the factors that influence and determine the local population growth and decrease in rural areas of Latvia based on population changes at micro level (1x1 km square grid areas) in 2000–2018. Quantitative analysis of the spatial structure of the population was carried out in three reference territories. Results suggest that the proportion of territories with population increase in Latvian municipalities (2000–2018) has a very strong and statistically significant correlation to population changes (2000–2018) in the respective municipality. This may lead to the conclusion that the influence of other factors on the location of the territories in the spatial structure of the municipality where population growth is observed is not statistically significant.

The article defines the concept of regional marketing and its functions. The essence of regional marketing as a tool for improving territorial management is revealed, and the features of its application in the management of the territory of the Astrakhan region are shown. It has been found that the economic indicators reflecting the level of economic development of the region are at a low level. So, there have been formulated the approaches to stimulating the development of the Astrakhan region economy by using the marketing methods. The advantages of the above tool in territory management are shown, provided that it is successfully integrated into the overall strategy of regional management and development. The general structure of the regional marketing implementation is revealed with a description of internal and external factors of the territory's marketing environment. It has been stated that regional marketing combines tools for taking micro-and macro-environment factors into account and combating negative factors, as well as represents a comprehensive system of measures to increase the innovation and investment potential of the region with a focus on target consumer groups. Attention is focused on the main task of regional marketing, which is to make sure that all management structures of the Astrakhan region understand the needs of the market segment and implement the developed strategies of territorial marketing in the work of the administration, municipality, and enterprise. All the target segments of consumers of the territorial product and the principles of servicing the selected segments of consumers have been described in details. Regional marketing is proposed to be considered in the aspect of a system of marketing tools, principles, methods, strategies and tactics focused on the specific segments of consumers, allowing to reproduce the process of creating and meeting customers’ needs in exchange for improving the quality characteristics of the territorial product and the growth of the region's economy.

Abstract Self-promotion and reinterpretation of local identity is becoming increasingly important in rural communities. Local identity building is succeeded very differently by rural municipalities and regions. The paper analyses the role of small towns in local identity creation. There are varying interpretations of places in Hungary as ways of achieving meaningful territorialisation. Small towns based on their leading and central position within the micro regions can dominate the place-making processes. Using the example of six Hungarian rural micro-regions we analyse how rural small towns position themselves by local image building. The aim of this paper is to investigate interactions between territorial position and innovative capacity of rural towns through the analysis of symbolisation process and image building. We purpose to introduce a concept of a place oriented approach and demonstrate its usefulness for analysis of rural innovation and place-based development. The case-studies are based on qualitative methods: document-analysis, semi-structured interviews, transect walking and participatory observation. The paper analyses the process of local community and identity building in six rural micro-regions. We seek to understand how small towns position themselves in place-making, the aim of ‘placing’ themselves in the territorial hierarchy of the settlements of micro region. Our results suggest that small towns play very different roles in local image building. Characteristics and territorial scope of local cultural heritage significantly determine the innovative capacity of small towns in local image building where there is a wide range of meanings procedures and processes of place-making.

The article is devoted to the issues of forming the institutional basis for “green growth” of the Ukrainian Nature Reserve Fund territories in the context of aligning the society’s social, environmental, and economic interests. The methodological approaches to forming the institutional basis for “green growth” of the Ukrainian Nature Reserve Fund territories in conditions of the need to transform the approaches regarding the interaction with small and medium-sized businesses were developed. The main focus is on the issues of studying the existing institutional risks, institutional “traps,” and ensuring the stakeholders’ functional interaction. The proposed scheme for managing and planning the spatial development of the Nature Reserve Fund territories is based on business planning, “micro-K modeling” method, strategic monitoring method. Based on the complex combination of ecosystemic and polyfunctional approaches, the typology of Nature Reserve Fund territories management functions and “green growth” indicators system was defined. The institutional framework was formed, which enables to ensure aligning the society’s social, environmental, and economic interests.

This study aimed to identify and analyze the interrelations between companies, research centers, universities, government and other relevant players in the micro region of São José dos Campos, focusing on the creation and diffusion of innovations as a strategy for regional development. To this end, we made an interview with 12 regional players Involved in this process. It is hoped the results expand the knowledge of regional development in technologyoriented areas, as well as the dynamics of territorial development in the micro region studied. It is an academic contribution in developing strategies for expanding competitive regions throughincentives for innovation and technology transfer.

The authors of the article study the features of functioning and development of territories as the bases of forming of social infrastructure in the education sphere. The basic problems and the condition of the programme of the territories development are considered, the indicators of social-and-economic development are analyzed, the procedures of the programme creation for the development of social infrastructure within the development of the national Education project, the technique of forecasting of key indicators is applied. The features of the territories development with carrying out the analysis of the key parameters are investigated. The need of the programme of the social infrastructure development regarding education during of identification, studying micro- and macro-factors of the development of the area is proved. The approaches to the realization of the stages of the development programme and forecasting of change of key indicators are developed, the interrelation of the most important factors of their functioning is investigated. The periods in which there were maximum structural changes in development of rural territories are revealed as the result of quantitative assessment of structural shifts. It is proved that this approach is the tool allowing to improve the process of social-and-economic development taking into account the forecast, and, therefore, to increase the efficiency of activity of the sphere of education that will allow to strengthen the financial state and positions of the enterprises of this industry in the market. Some conclusions are drawn on the prospects of the territories development in the conditions of development and implementation of the development programme.

Com a necessidade de escalabilidade dos sistemas, times multi territoriais e agilidade no processo de desenvolvimento para, assim, possibilitar entregas mais rápidas e de qualidade, há uma crescente demanda pela migração de softwares construídos usando arquitetura monolítica para arquitetura de micro serviços. Esta migração é difícil e cheia de riscos pois os sistemas monolíticos são fortemente acoplados. A presente revisão sistemática sintetiza trabalhos científicos para um estudo e maior compreensão sobre esta migração de arquiteturas. Na pesquisa, foram identificados dezesseis trabalhos, dos quais dez foram analisados, sintetizando no presente trabalho motivos para a migração acontecer, ferramentas e práticas utilizadas no processo e os desafios encontrados durante a migração.

The work is part of a joint diagnostic effort in the micro-region of Presidente Kubistchek, in Serra do Espinhaço, through a partnership between the Espinhaço Institute and the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). This work seeks to analyze the limits and possibilities for an Integrated Cultural Territory Management (GCIT) in the micro-region and to propose methodological alternatives for new interventions in the territory. As a reference, the conceptual basis of GCIT was used. Methodologically, the diagnosis of the UFLA team was analyzed, which generated data through Participant Observation and focus groups. The results show that the method used to collect data from the pre-diagnosis requires greater participation by the various groups in the territories, aiming at empowering the actors and a transdisciplinary view on the data. Subsequently, at a time of diagnosis, with all groups debating the data generated, the study points out the possibilities for a reflection and understanding of the territory in a perspective of space, time and causality. As a way to enhance medium and long-term actions, the study outlines the need for Resource Centers and Spaces of Memories that open the way for debate between generations, aiming at a symbolic appropriation of territories and their territorialities, with the objective of structuring proposals medium and long term for the micro-region of Presidente Kubistchek

Myocardial microvascular permeability and coronary sinus concentration of muscle metabolites have been shown to increase after myocardial ischemia due to epicardial coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. However, their association with coronary microembolization is not well defined. This study tested the hypothesis that acute coronary microembolization increases microvascular permeability in the porcine heart. The left anterior descending perfusion territories of 34 anesthetized pigs (32 ± 3 kg) were embolized with equal volumes of microspheres of one of three diameters (10, 30, or 100 μm) and at three different doses for each size. Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) was used to assess in vivo, microvascular extraction of a nonionic contrast agent (an index of microvascular permeability) before and after microembolization with microspheres at baseline and during adenosine infusion. A high-resolution three-dimensional microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanner was subsequently used to obtain ex vivo, the volume and corresponding surface area of the embolized myocardial islands within the perfusion territories of the microembolized coronary artery. EBCT-derived microvascular extraction of contrast agent increased within minutes after coronary microembolization ( P < 0.001 vs. baseline and vs. control values). The increase in coronary microvascular permeability was highly correlated to the micro-CT-derived total surface area of the nonperfused myocardium ( r = 0.83, P < 0.001). In conclusion, myocardial extravascular accumulation of contrast agent is markedly increased after coronary microembolization and its magnitude is in proportion to the surface area of the interface between the nonperfused and perfused territories.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose incorporating another theoretical perspective enabling corporate social responsibility (CSR) to be approached more structurally and with correspondingly broader impacts. Despite CSR being associated with competitive advantage and providing recognised sustainability related benefits, it is argued that the individual CSR results of each company and community acting separately remain insufficient not only in terms of individual competitiveness but also in terms of achieving a global and systemic improvement. Design/methodology/approach – It is from this perspective that the clusters concept and the territorial social responsibility (SR) concept are advanced as susceptible to bringing important insights for advancing SR. This article seeks to reflect on the potential of SR networks for strengthening competitiveness and bringing about sustainable development. Based upon a theoretical review of the CSR literature, limitations are discussed before setting out alternative action strategies for the construction of networks focusing upon generating territorial dynamics within the logic of global sustainability. Findings – The idea of CSR clusters and territorial SR presupposes groupings of companies located in the same territory and engaged in some degree of interaction with other local actors to optimise practices contributing towards sustained regional development in an integrated and global perspective. The definition of social goals shared by different actors structured within a network thus improves the design and implementation of actions that extend beyond a micro-scale of action, with significant benefits accruing to local communities. Analysis of these forms of social innovation, based on integrated CSR networks, constitutes the central objective of the present research. Research limitations/implications – This theoretical perspective is, in turn, based upon the assumption that only the consideration of a wider and more extensive conception of CSR, which aligns and guides various social actors (companies, civil society organisations and local authorities) and seeks to nurture integrated SR networks, will be able to drive development characterised by significant higher levels of sustainability. Practical implications – These concepts (SR clusters and territorial SR) presuppose groupings of companies located in the same territory and engaged in some degree of interaction with other local actors are able to optimise practices contributing towards sustained regional development from an integrated and global perspective. The definition of social goals shared by different actors structured within a network thus improves the design and implementation of actions that extend beyond a micro-scale of action, with significant benefits accruing to local communities. Social implications – Considering a larger scope of intervention, connecting different social actors (companies, civil society organisations and local authorities) and working for the construction of a development model based on the concept of sustainability constitute the relevance of clusters to CSR and the SR of territories. Originality/value – This article highlights the position that SR, to have any effective and widespread impact, has to extend beyond isolated actions uncoordinated with overall territorial development. The challenge involves establishing a connection between the business level and civil society organisations in which each acts within their own spheres and with their respective specific competences and skills whilst able to ensure cooperation and engagement in actions focussed upon improving the quality of life of the host community and bringing about cluster development in overall terms. This theoretical perspective is, in turn, based upon the assumption that only the consideration of a wider and more extensive conception of CSR, which aligns and guides various social actors (companies, civil society organisations and local authorities) and seeks to nurture integrated SR networks, will be able to drive development characterised by significantly higher levels of sustainability.

Drawing on Brighenti’s (2010, 2014) theoretical exposition of territorology, we extend current conceptualizations of place within the marketing literature by demonstrating that place is relationally constructed through territorializing consumption practices which continuously produce and sustain multifarious versions of place. In our fieldwork, we embrace a non-representational sensitivity and employ a multi-sensory ethnography, thus helping to illuminate the performative aspects of everyday life relating to people who use urban green spaces. Our analysis articulates three key facets relating to the process of territorializing consumption practices: (1) tangible and intangible elements of boundary making, (2) synchronicity of activities, and (3) sensual experiences. Taken together, these facets advance a kaleidoscopic perspective in which spatial, temporal and affective dimensions of the micro-practices of consumption territories-in-the-making are brought into view. Moreover, our empirical research adds an affective dimension to Brighenti’s theoretical elucidation of the formation and dissolution of territories, thereby incorporating sensual imaginations and bodily experiences into the assemblages of heterogeneous materials that sustain territories.

<p>This study explores the phenomenon of marking (signifying) and meaning of territorial at Kantin Sastra (Kansas) by undergraduate students of Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia. Territory as a social space is formed through a process of semiosis preceded sensory knowing in identifying signs, repeatedly making representations in cognition that become the signifying order of the cultural semiotic on some students. Research using micro semiotic perspective and trichotomy of signs by Charles Sander Peirce. Through micro semiotic perspective, a number of particular findings will be analyzed to get a synthesis (inductive), whereas the approach of Peirce perspective explains the signs through the trichotomies: representamen represented through qualisigns, sinsigns, and legisigns; representation, represented by icons, indexes, and symbols; interpretant represented by rhemes, dicisigns, and arguments. As a result, there is a territorial signifying and meaning of Kansas by the undergraduate student of Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia.</p>

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for local economic development, playing a noteworthy role in job creation, poverty alleviation and economic growth, but they encounter many funding barriers. The purpose of the current paper is to investigate the impact of investments and innovation on territorial economic growth, as measured by turnover, for Romanian active enterprises, especially SMEs, over the period 2009–2017. By estimating several log–log linear regressions, the quantitative outcomes provide support for a positive influence of investments on turnover. The association was confirmed both for all active enterprises at the national level, as well as for micro, small, middle-sized and big companies. As regards expenditures on innovation, a positive impact on turnover was acknowledged for all enterprises and particularly for big companies, but there was an absence of any statistically significant relation in the case of SMEs. The impact of firm size on turnover was positive for all active enterprises at the national level, along with active micro-units. Also, the estimation results show a positive impact of the number of active micro-units on territorial economic growth. The empirical findings are relevant to managers and policymakers in order to stimulate, encourage and offer support to SMEs’ development through their strategies.

Micro Takaful is an affordable alternative protection policy for those who cannot afford a high-end level protection policy. However, many in the low-income group do not own a personal or family protection policy because they cannot afford the monthly premium rates. Zakat and wakaf could become an alternative source of funds for developing micro takaful. This qualitative study intends to explain the need to integrate zakat funds and wakaf in order to develop micro takaful. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving three institutions, namely Syarikat Takaful Malaysia Keluarga Berhad, Muftis Office in the Federal Territories Islamic Religious Council and the Muftis Office in the Selangor Islamic Religious Council. Findings show that there are two major pressing needs for integrating zakat and wakaf, which are to provide a huge risk savings fund and to support an insufficient zakat fund and wakaf.