Dissertationen zum Thema „Micro forces“
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Johansson, LarsErik. „Controlled manipulation of microparticles utilizing magnetic and dielectrophoretic forces“. Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10544.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCailliez, Jonathan. „Contributions à la modélisation et la commande de capteurs de forces actifs pour la méso et micro-robotique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development of an original instrumentation, with performances beyond the state of the art, for the characterization and the measurement of forces at the small scales. The work covers the measurement of a wide range of forces involved in meso and micro-robotics, from intermolecular forces of the order of a few µN to forces at the Newton level. The focus lies in the development and implementation of sensors based on an active technology particularly adapted for the characterization of forces with a variable gradient thanks to a quasi-infinite sensor stiffness in closed loop. Three main contributions have been made. On the methodological aspect, a new robust hybrid control approach based on Eigen structure assignment has been proposed and experimentally validated for the robust characterization of intermolecular interaction forces using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). This characterization has allowed defining the basis of the specifications for the design and the control of active sensors better suited to finely characterize unstable areas in which the force gradients are important. The second contribution lies in the development, design, control and implementation of an original MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) type active sensor with the particularity of having a linear electromechanical characteristic over its entire measurement range, i.e. +- 20 µN, with a bandwidth greater than 2kHz. The third contribution lies in the proposition of a new architecture for the active measurement of forces over ranges from mN to N based on a magnetic actuation and an air bearing. This sensor has been implemented for the measurement of magnetic forces with unstable areas when the distance between the sensor tip and the magnetic sample is below a certain threshold. The perspectives to this thesis are numerous in materials science, biology and more generally in physics. It particularly opens a new path in scientific research related to active AFM
Matope, S., und Der Merwe A. Van. „The application of Van der Waals forces in micro-material handling“. Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/554.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis paper investigates the challenges of employing Van der Waals forces in micro-material handling since these forces are dominant in micro-material handling systems. The problems include the creation of a dust-free environment, accurate measurement of the micro-force, and the efficient picking and placing of micro-work pieces. The use of vacuum suction, micro-gripper's surface roughness, geometrical configuration and material type are presented as alternatives to overcome the challenges. An atomic force microscope is proposed for the accurate measurement of the Van der Waals force between the gripper and the micro-work piece.
Matope, Stephen. „Application of Van-der-Waals forces in micro-material handling“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71608.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the application of Van-der-Waals’ forces in micromaterial handling. A micro-material handling system consists of four main elements, which include: the micro-gripper, the micro-workpart, the picking up position and the placement position. The scientific theoretical frameworks of Van-der-Waals’ forces, presented by Van der Waals, Hamaker, London, Lifshitz, Israelachvilli, Parsegian, Rumpf and Rabinovich, are employed in exploring the extent to which these forces could be applied in a micromanufacturing situation. Engineering theoretical frameworks presented by Fearing, Bohringer, Sitti, Feddema, Arai and Fukuda, are employed in order to provide an in-depth synthesis of the application of Van-der-Waals’ forces in micro-material handling. An empirical or pragmatic methodology was adopted in the research. The Electron Beam Evaporation (e-beam) method was used in generating interactive surfaces of uniform surface roughness values. E-beam depositions of copper, aluminum and silver on silicon substrates were developed. The deposition rates were in the range of 0.6 – 1.2 Angstrom/s, at an average vacuum pressure of 2 x 10-6 mbar. The topographies were analysed and characterised using an Atomic Force Microscope and the corresponding rms surface roughness values were obtained. The Rumpf-Rabinovich equation, which gives the relationship of the exerted Van-der-Waals’ forces and the rms surface roughness values, is used to numerically model the results. In the final synthesis it is observed that the e-beam depositions of copper are generally suited for the pick-up position. Aluminum is suited for the micro-gripper and silver is suited for the placement position in an optimised micro-material handling system. Another Atomic Force Microscope was used in order to validate the numerically modelled results of the exerted Van- der-Waals’ forces. The aim was to measure the magnitude of Vander- Waals’ forces exerted by the e-beam depositions and to evaluate their applicability in micro-material handling operations. The measurements proved that Van-der-Waals’ forces exerted by the samples could be used for micro-material handling purposes on condition that they exceeded the weight of the micro-part being handled. Three fundamental parameters, ie: material type, geometrical configuration and surface topography were used to develop strategies of manipulation of micro-materials by Van-der- Waals’ forces. The first strategy was based on the material type variation of the interactive surfaces in a micro-material handling operation. This strategy hinged on the fact that materials have different Hamaker coefficients, which resulted in them experiencing a specific Van-der- Waals’ forces’ intensity during handling. The second strategy utilised variation in the geometrical configuration of the interacting surfaces. The guiding principle in this case was that, the larger the contact area was, the greater the exerted Van-der-Waals’ forces would be In the analytical modelling of Van-der-Waals’ forces with reference to geometrical configuration, a flat surface was found to exert more force than other configurations. The application of the design, for purposes of manufacturing and assembling (DFMA) criteria, also proved that flat interactive surfaces have high design efficiency. The third strategy was based on surface roughness. The rougher the topography of a given surface was, the lesser the Van-der-Waals’ forces exerted were. It was synthesised that in order for a pick-transfer-place cycle to be realised, the root-mean-square (rms) interactive surface roughness values of the micro-part (including the picking position, the micro-gripper, and the placement position) should decrease successively. Hybrid strategies were also identified in this research in order to deal with some complex cases. The hybrids combined at least two of the aforementioned strategies.
Haliyo, Sinan D. „Les forces d'adhésion et les effets dynamiques pour la micro-manipulation“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066529.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePitt, Ford Charles William. „Unsteady aerodynamic forces on accelerating wings at low Reynolds numbers“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVan, der Merwe A., und S. Matope. „Manipulation of Van der Waals' forces by geometrical parameters in micro-material handling“. Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/574.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis paper explores the manipulation of Van der Waals' forces by geometrical parameters in a micro-material handling system. It was observed that the flat-flat interactive surfaces exerted the highest intensity of Van der Waals' forces followed by cone-flat, cylinder-flat, sphere-flat and sphere-sphere interactive surfaces, respectively. A conical micro-gripper proved to be versatile in manipulating the Van der Waals' forces efficiently in a 'picking up' and 'releasing' mechanism of micro-work parts. It was deduced that the pick-up position should be rough and spherical, and the placement position should be smooth and flat for an effective 'pick-and-place' cycle to be realised.
Wang, Ji. „Suspended Micro/Nanofiber Hierarchical Scaffolds for Studying Cell Mechanobiology“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76884.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaster of Science
Vignaud, Timothée. „Production de forces par le cytosquelette d'actine : mécanismes et régulation par le micro-environnement“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur work has been focused on the regulation of the forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton. We have more precisely studied the role of the cellular microenvironment in this process. It was necessary to overcome some technical challenges to study these mechanisms. We developed two new techniques. The first one allows for the dynamic control of cell shape. A pulsed UV laser is used to modify the adhesive microenvironment around the cell and to create new area available for cell spreading. The second technique is an improvement of an existing technique from the laboratory. It consists in producing ECM protein islands on a elastic acrylamide substrate. This substrate provides the control of cell shape and internal organization. Plus, the elasticity of the substrate is compatible with traction forces measurements. The last technique combines acrylamide micropatterning and laser ablation of intracellular actin structures. Thus, the forces produced by a particular intracellular structure can be estimated. Two keys mechanisms of force regulation were shown. The use of mass spectrometry, traction force microscopy and molecular biology made it possible to study the interaction between different integrins in the adhesion complex. Cooperation was shown. It allows for the coupling between the architecture of the cytoskeleton and the amount of molecular motors in action. This process is necessary for the adaptation of cell forces to substrate stiffness. Actin structures are the one responsible for force production. This force can then be transmitted to the environment through adhesions.. The link between the length of actin fibers and the force produced was more precisely studied. The results showed a correlation between stress fibers length and the force generated inside it. This was true only above a certain critical value. After that, the force was rather decreasing with increasing fiber length. This critical length corresponds to the maximal length of cell axis on infinite 2D substrate. Our main hypothesis is that a too high myosin/actin ratio will block the proper force production/transmission within the fiber. Disassembly of actin by myosin or limited pool of actin are the two explanations we are currently following. The combination of these two-regulation process put brakes on force production by the cell. Above a certain length, the force produced is decreasing. This decreases in turn the strength of the adhesions anchored to these fibers. This will destabilize the adhesions and causes cell retraction The interplay between the regulation by the adhesion and the production of forces within the fiber set some limits on the level of forces produced by the cell. These processes are likely to be modified in a pathological context and can lead to tumor formation. They also protect the cell from being destroyed by stretching. If the length/stretch is too high, the cell will decrease its forces and detach from neighboring cells. This provide a system protecting the cell from being destroyed by massive deformations within the body
Alvo, Sébastien. „Étude, modélisation et mesure des forces d'adhésion à l'échelle microscopique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772533.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBauër, Pierre. „Mesures mécaniques et génération de forces de réseaux d’actine branchés avec des micro-cylindres magnétiques“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066428/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work done during this tesis concerns the mechanics and force generation processes of branched actin networks reconstructed in vitro. To study these effects, we’ve developped a new experimental setup, based on self assembly of supermaramagnetic microcylinders under a magnetic force. This allows us to obtain relations between force and growth velocity of branched actin networks, as well as linking force generation with mechanics, which are crucial to understand cell mechanics and migration
Hendrick, Gary. „Modeling and Experimentation of Micro-Scale Self-Assembly Processes“. Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1656.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBallard, Darin J. „Properties of root cementum: part 11 continuous versus intermittent controlled orthodontic forces on root resorption. a micro-ct study“. Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBongué, Boma Malika. „Modélisation de la fissuration pour l'évaluation de la perte d'étanchéité des structures en béton armé sous chargements mécaniques“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003418.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChau, Alexandre. „Theoretical and experimental study of capillary condensation and of its possible application in micro-assembly“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210619.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this work details a review of literature of different fields involved in capillary condensation. A simulation tool is then implemented and theoretically validated in the second part of the work. Finally, a test bed is presented; this bed is then used to experimentally validate the simulation results.
Experiments and simulation results are shown to concord. Therefore, the simulation tool can be used to model the force due to capillary condensation.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Boukallel, Mehdi. „Etude, conception et réalisation d'un capteur de micro et nano-forces : application à la mesure d'élasticité des ovocytes“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaram, Jean-Christophe. „Collision d'un atome métastable de gaz rare sur une surface nono ou micro-structurée et optique atomique“. Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCheng, Linda Lam. „Repair of root resorption four and eight weeks following the application of continuous light and heavy forces for four weeks: micro-ct and histology studies“. Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLefebvre, Aline. „Modélisation numérique d'écoulements fluide-particules : prise en compte des forces de lubrification“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is made of three parts. In the first one, we present a method to simulate fluid/particle flows. We show that the penalty method, combined to a time discretization performed using the method of characteristics leads to a generalized Stokes variational formulation. Numerical tests are implemented with FreeFem++ to study the convergence. We also present three examples using this method. In the second part we propose a model to take into account lubrication forces in direct simulations of fluid/particle flows. We first present a "viscous contact" model in the plane/particle case, obtained as the vanishing viscosity limit of the lubrication model. Then, we describe an algorithm based on a projection of the velocities, at each time step, over a set of admissible velocities. Next, we prove the convergence of the scheme and generalize the algorithm to the multi-particle case. We also present an example of object oriented programming of it. In the last part, we consider a discrete system of spheres (chain in 1D) interacting through a lubrication force. The microscopic model relies on the development of that force at small distance. We propose a macroscopic constitutive equation, of Newtonian type, which relies on an elongational viscosity which is proportional to the reciprocal of the local fluid fraction. We establish the convergence of the microscopic model towards the solution of the proposed macroscopic model
Dib, Marcel Henrique Militão. „Micro e nanousinagem dos materiais frágeis“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-15022019-121710/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrittle materials, such as silicon, have been used in microelectromechanical systems, semiconductor and infrared optical devices. These types of materials are considered of difficult to machine due to the tendency to suffer fractures. The great challenge in the machining of crystalline materials is to achieve a removal of material by plastic deformations (ductile regime), because in these conditions the machined optical surfaces are generated without any superficial damage. This type of machining can be achieved on a submicrometric machining scale, so that the pressures imposed by the tool are high and lead to a phase transformation of many crystals favoring the machining in ductile regime. Although research on the relationship between microindentation and micromachining has been developed, the search for mathematical methods based on the forces and the deformations of indentation to be used in machining in order to identify the machining conditions under regime ductile are non-trivial. The present work proposes a more direct relationship with the results of the indentation to determine the optimal parameters of the fragile materials, correlating the indenter face area and the cutting section effective area in machining. For this purpose, indentation tests and diamond tool machining experiments were carried out on a micro and nanometric scale. The material analyzed here was monocrystalline silicon (100). An experimental matrix was planned for the possible correlations of the variation of the tool rake angle and of the machining feed with the areas of indentation and the beginning of cracks and fractures; cutting forces and the fragile-ductile transition pressure; residual stress; critical cutting thickness and the state of machined surfaces. In relation to the hardness obtained, it was necessary to separate them in two stages: before the emergence of the cracks during the indentation and after that point. During machining, the best removal of ductile material was obtained in the hardest direction of the silicon. The rake angles which gave unfavorable results in terms of surface integrity were -25° and angles more negative than -60°. The transition pressure reached values from 12 GPa to 13 GPa, and the specific shear energies followed the same behavior: 9 j/mm³ at 10 j/mm³ respectively. The residual stress was inversely proportional to the machining forces. Critical-effective uncut thicknesses ranged from 100 nm to 560 nm. The values of the critical uncut thicknesses estimated by the indentation tests ranged from 200 nm to 530 nm. Therefore, it was possible to show that the critical thickness values estimated by the proposed method, based on indentation results, corresponded very well to the critical thickness obtained in the machining experiments. Thus, it is possible to determine by means of such a technique the optimum values of machining, which can be applied to crystalline material.
Lambert, Pierre. „A contribution to microassembly: a study of capillary forces as a gripping principle“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Paetyangkul, Anchalee. „The extent of root resorption after the application of continuous and controlled orthodontic forces for 12 weeks: a micro-ct scan study“. Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4287.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValsamis, Jean-Baptiste. „A study of liquid bridge dynamics: an application to micro-assembly“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this work is to describe the dynamics of liquid bridges in the application of micro-assembly processes. The description is obtained using the Kelvin-Voigt model, with a spring, a damper, and a mass connected in parallel, supported by numerical simulations, analytical approximations and experiments.
The works is divided into three parts. First we present important aspects of microfluidics, as well as the constitutive equations and an overview of numerical approaches used to describe fluid flow problems with moving interfaces.
The second part is devoted to the capillary rise case, intended to validate and to compare the numerical approaches to analytical laws and experimental results. The implementation of the slipping and the dynamic contact angles is discussed.
The last part focuses on the dynamics of the liquid bridge. The liquid bridge is confined between two circular and parallel plates and presents an axial symmetry. The description reveals that the stiffness depends on the surface tension and on the shape of the air/liquid interface, the damping coefficient depends on the viscosity and the volume of liquid and the equivalent mass depends on the density and the volume.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Karniychuk, Maksim. „Combination of Lateral and Normal Forces for Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behaviour of Bulk and Coated Materials on the Micro-Scale“. Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und während den ersten Jahren des 21. Jahrhunderts wurden zahlreiche Methoden zur Untersuchung mechanischer und tribologischer Materialeigenschaften auf der Mikro- und Nanometerskala entwickelt. Trotz der Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet blieben vielfältige Fragestellungen unbeantwortet oder waren mit den vorhandenen experimentellen Untersuchungsmethoden nicht zugänglich. Mit der kombinierten Belastung aus Lateral- und Normalkräften wurden die etablierten Messverfahren um einen viel versprechenden Ansatz zur Charakterisierung mechanischer sowie tribologischer Eigenschaften erweitert, der sowohl für Massiv- als auch Schichtmaterialien anwendbar ist. Die einzigartige Konstruktion einer Lateralkrafteinheit bietet als separates Bauteil die Möglichkeit während eines Standardeindringversuches mittels des kommerziellen Nanoindenters UMIS 2000 bei normaler Last, eine laterale Belastung zu überlagern. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt eine detaillierte Studie der Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Lateralkrafteinheit hinsichtlich der Charakterisierung mechanischer Eigenschaften und tribologischen Materialverhaltens auf der Mikrometerskala. Zunächst wurde herausgefunden, dass eine Verkippung der Lateralkrafteinheit von 3,3° gegenüber dem UMIS-Rahmen notwendig ist, um eine hochgenaue und definierte Belastung aus lateraler und normaler Kraft auf die Probe auszuüben. Mit dieser durchgeführten Korrektur der Ausrichtung gelang es weitere auf den Messprozess einwirkende Effekte zu minimieren. Nach der Korrektur der thermischen Drift scheinen die gemessenen Normalverschiebungs-Zeit-Kurven für die Bestimmung von mechanischen Parametern wie maximaler Verschiebung oder bleibender Eindrucktiefe bei lateraler Belastung geeignet zu sein. Als ein weiteres Ergebnis gelang es, durch die kombinierte Belastung der Kraftkomponenten Bruchversagen nachzuweisen. Das Materialversagen wurde durch eine abrupte Änderung der lateralen Verschiebung im Last-Verschiebungs-Diagramm angezeigt. Mit dieser Methode wurde erstmalig in-situ das Bruchversagen am Beispiel des einkristallinen Saphirs detektiert. Die kritische Zugspannung, die zur Bruchbildung bei Saphir führte, war 9,68+-0,22 GPa. Die Analyse der Kurvenform der Kraft-Verschiebungs-Kurven für die Lateralbelastung im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten von bleibender Deformation in den zugehörigen Verschiebungs-Zeit-Kurven der normalen Belastung liefert den Beginn der plastischen Deformation. Massive BK7-Glasproben sowie SiO2-Schichten wurden untersucht. Für die Fließspannung der SiO2-Schicht wurde ein Wert von 6,83+-0,02 GPa ermittelt. Der Haftreibungskoeffizient für verschiedene Materialpaarungen wurde aus den Last-Verschiebungs-Kurven mit einer Genauigkeit von 5-10 % berechnet. Zu den untersuchten Materialien gehörten Quarz, einkristallines Saphir, BK7-Glas sowie SiO2-, DLC- und CrN0.08-Schichten, die mit Diamant, Wolframkarbid und Saphir-Indentern gepaart wurden. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss der Normallast auf den Haftreibungskoeffizienten für Quarz und BK7-Glas gegen Diamant studiert. Es zeigte sich, dass der Beginn der plastischen Deformation zu signifikanten Änderungen der Haftreibung führt
Ng, Carolyn Lian Tat. „The extend of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resoption following transverse and vertical jiggling movement with heavy forces for 12 weeks: A micro-CT study“. Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13450.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuyout, Laurent. „Usinabilité d'aciers inoxydables type 316 L : application au micro-fraisage“. Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe micro-milling ( tool diameter < 1 mm) target the precise machining of 3D structures to micrometric dimensions, in engineeringmaterials, to be placed at the borders of two worlds : the one hand , the traditional milling called "macro milling" and other hand, the microfabricationand its so-called "clean room" techniques.The innovative study focuses on the micro-milling of 316L steel with carbide micro end mills with industrial equipment (machine toolmarketed unoptimized) can caricature the many technological challenges related to the implementation of the micro-milling and make a directtransfer of skills to the industry. 316L steel (biocompatible, reputed difficult to machine) has never been studied in micro-milling.The study looks at ratios through new features of the micro-milling, the problems of choice of means and methods to characterizemicro-milling.After analysis study parameters and machined parts, the optimal geometric definition of an innovative micro end mill is proposed.Service behavior is validated by testing machining in 316L steel, responding to a question of negative cutting with low cutting speeds andscale effects of the material.An originality of the study is to address the effect of the inclusion population to improve machinability. Comparing the resultsobtained by micro-milling two 316L steel grade, the inclusion population of 316L steel is not identified as a factor improving themachinability cutting at micro scale
Rodriguez-Otazo, Mariela. „Réalisation de pinces optiques pour la manipulation de nano et micro objets individuels d'intérêt chimique ou biologique“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe built an experiment of optical tweezers based on the use of an inverted optical microscope. Two classes of micro objects were studied : 1 - spherical or roughly spherical colloidal particles, either homogeneous such as colloids of pure silica elaborated through a sol-gel method or commercial latex balls, or inhomogeneous such as composite particles made up of a metal gold core embedded in a silica shell. 2 - micro-single crystals of a fluorescent organic molecule presenting a nonspherical, parallelepipedic form. Our study showed an effective trapping even on the smallest particles containing a gold core. For the hybrid gold-silica nanoparticles, the elastic constant of the optical trap measured in experiments is stronger than for the silica nanoparticles with a similar diameter. This result is in agreement with a simple model based on the increase in polarizability of the particle due to the presence of the gold core. The influence of the polarization of the light was studied and we discussed the choice of the detector of position. The organic microcrystals are directed so that their long axis is in the axial direction of the trapping beam; the short axis follows the direction of the linear polarization of the beam. In circular or elliptic polarization, the crystals are put spontaneously in rotation with high speed up to 500 turns per second. It is the ¯rst time that such a result is deferred for particles of the size of our crystals. Another surprising result is that when the incident power increases, the rotation speed also increases as expected but after the passage by a maximum, whereas the power continues growing, the rotation speed decreases until complete stop of rotation, and this evolution is not reversible ! The thesis presented is a thesis carried out within a framework of cotutelle between the University Paris 11 and the Higher Institute of Science and Advanced Technologies - Havana University in Cuba
Le, Berre Maël. „Dépôt de matière et formation de motifs sur une surface solide : Méthodes microfluidiques, Contrôle par forces capillaires et Génération de vésicules géantes“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388698.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans la première partie du manuscrit, nous présentons une méthode originale, la micro-aspiration, permettant de réaliser des assemblages réversibles de canaux microfluidiques sur un substrat et servir à guider les liquides. Nous avons étudié les propriétés de ces systèmes avec des modèles physiques simples et appliqué ces phénomènes à la micromanipulation de liquides, le dépôt de protéines à diverses concentrations sur un substrat, la fabrication de motifs de polymères, nanoparticules, gels, etc.
Dans la seconde partie, nous avons exploré des nouvelles méthodes de dépôt de films de phospholipides multicouches sur des substrats solides et les avons appliqués à la fabrication de vésicules unilamellaires géantes de taille contrôlée. Tout d'abord, l'adaptation de techniques conventionnelles (micro-contact printing, moulage, etc.) a permis d'obtenir des motifs de phospholipides de taille micrométrique. Les dépôts ont ensuite été réalisés par retrait d'un ménisque en situation d'évaporation (assemblage capillaire). Nous avons identifié deux régimes de dépôt en fonction de l'importance relative des forces visqueuses et de l'évaporation, permettant un contrôle de l'épaisseur du film jusqu'à 200 nm à la bicouche près. L'émergence d'instabilités de mouillage ou le guidage sur micro-structures ont permis en outre de réaliser des motifs variés. En utilisant des substrats comme électrodes, ces différents niveaux d'organisation ont permis d'obtenir par électroformation des vésicules unilamellaires géantes de taille contrôlée. L'ensemble de ces travaux ouvre de nouvelles voies à la réalisation de surfaces et de motifs micrométriques d'intérêt biologique.
Wu, Andy Tzong Jong. „The extent of root resorption following the application of light (25g) and heavy (225g) controlled rotational orthodontic forces for 4 weeks: a micro-CT study“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Xiaoyan. „Surface Force and Friction : effects of adsorbed layers and surface topography“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQC 20141209
Legrand, Olivier. „Conductivité de l'ADN : études à l'échelle de la molécule unique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110331.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellenous permettant de pratiquer des micromanipulations à l'échelle de la molécule unique sur des surfaces
opaques, et de mesurer des forces jusqu'à une vingtaine de piconewtons.
Ce montage est d'abord utilisé pour déposer sur des électrodes de mesures des molécules uniques
d'ADN , afin d'en explorer les propriétés de transport de charges (propriétés d'intérêts technologiques
dans le cadre de l'électronique moléculaire). Nous n'avons observé aucun courant dû à la présence de la
molécule. Nous concluons pour la résistance des brins d'ADN de 70 nm de long à une borne inférieure de
10^11 Ohm en solution, et de 10^13 Ohm à sec.
Nous présentons de plus des mesures de forces sur un système d'intérêt biologique : le dégrafage d'un
fragment de l'ARN ribosomique 23S de la bactérie Escherichia coli. Cette étude préliminaire nous a
permis d'arriver à des conclusions en accord avec d'autres expériences du même type.
Ghibaudo, Marion. „Influence des propriétés mécaniques du substrat sur l'adhésion et la migration cellulaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345790.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiberti, Caroline Elizabeth. „Self-Alignment of Silicon Microparts on a Hexadecane-Water Interface by Surface Tension“. Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCavatore, Etienne. „Microscopie optique appliquée à la micro-manipulation par pinces magnétiques à haute résolution et à la visualisation de nano-objets métalliques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627431.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcosta, Mejia Juan Camilo. „Atomic force microscopy based micro/nanomanipulation“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066691.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLecarme, Olivier. „Propriétés optiques de colloïdes assemblés : plasmonique et confinement diélectrique“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWei, Yu Zhang. „Design and development of new micro-force sensors“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKarniychuk, Maksim B. „Combination of lateral and normal forces for investigation of mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of bulk and coated materials on the micro-scale Kombination von Lateral- und Normalkräfte für die Untersuchung von mechanischen Eigenschaften und des tribologischen Verhaltens massiver und beschichteter Materialien im Mikrometerbereich /“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenJiao, Feifei. „Investigation on micro-cutting mechanics with application to micro-milling“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeyeler, Felix Martin. „Capacitive micro force sensing for biological and biomedical applications /“. Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcosta, Mejía Juan Camilo. „Micro/Nanomanipulation basée sur un Microscope à Force Atomique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776562.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarpentier, Simon. „Caractérisation à l'échelle micro/nanométrique par Force Feedback Microscope“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY082/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuantitative measurement of mechanical properties of soft material at the nanoscale is a real challenge for many areas, particularly in biology. This thesis proposes a microscopy technique called Force Feedback Microscopy (FFM) for simultaneously measuring the static force, the stiffness G’(N / m) and the dissipation G"(N / m) at an arbitrary frequency at the nanoscale.This technique uses an AFM cantilever with a tip or sphere. A feedback force, that maintains in real time the position of the tip constant, ensures the mechani- cally stability and measure the static force. In this configuration, the linear regime of interaction and harmonic oscillator is obtained through small oscillation ampli- tudes. In formalism of the linear response, the stiffness G’ and the dissipation G" are obtained by a linear transformation of the amplitude and phase. Through case study (electrostatic coupling and hydrodynamic confinement), experimental performance is demonstrated.Thanks to the FFM, we present the measured viscoelastic properties of nanomenis- cus for different measurement frequencies. We highlight a thermodynamic system out of equilibrium, where the nanomeniscus oscillates at constant volume with a locked contact line.A method for non-contact measurement in liquid medium of mechanical prop- erties of thin and soft sample at the nanoscale is presented. This method, based on the work of E.Charlaix with SFA (the Surface Force Apparatus was the first instrument to measure the forces of Van der Waals), overcomes the forces of sur- faces that dominate at low indentation during direct contact measurement. The work done during my PhD positions the FFM as a nano-SFA.To put this method available to the greatest number, technology transfer to commercial AFM is performed
Maung, Rohan. „Micro/nano deformation of agglomerates“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11823.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKershner, Ryan J. (Ryan Joseph) 1976. „Surface forces during electrophoretic assembly of micron scale silica particles“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncludes bibliographical references (p. 115-120).
A system of platinum microelectrodes was fabricated on a sapphire substrate by lithographic patterning and used to manipulate 1.58 [mu]m silica particles in-plane. A digital video system was used to image the motion of particles far from the electrodes and their deposition onto the working electrode during application of a DC potential. The role of electrode reversibility was investigated and the performance of the as-deposited electrodes was improved by electrolytic plating of platinum. Particles were also seen to adhere to the substrate before reaching the electrode. Force distance curves were recorded using a colloid probe atomic force microscopy technique to directly measure the interaction of the silica particles with the sapphire substrate. This data validated the observed adhesion at the electrode and provided further support for the temporal and spatial reduction in pH. The role of Faradaic processes and the diffusion of potential determining ions in electrophoretic deposition was also considered. The zeta potential of planar sapphire substrates for three different crystallographic orientations was measured by a streaming potential technique in the presence of KCl and (CH3)4NCl electrolytes. The streaming potential was measured for large single crystalline C-plane (0001), A-plane (1120), and R-plane (1102) wafers over a full pH range at three or more ionic strengths ranging from 1 to 100 mM. The results reveal a shift in the iso-electric point (i.e.p.) of the three samples by as much as two pH units, with the R-plane surface exhibiting the most acidic behavior and the C-plane samples having the highest i.e.p.
(cont.) The acidity of the sapphire wafers is explained in terms of an absence of adsorbed hydroxyl groups for these surfaces prepared at room temperature. Modified Auger parameters (MAP) were calculated from XPS spectra of a mono-layer of iridium metal deposited on the sapphire by electron beam deposition. A shift in MAP consistent with the observed differences in i.e.p. of the surfaces confirms the effect of surface structure on the transfer of charge between the Ir and sapphire, hence accounting for the changes in acidity as a function of crystallographic orientation.
by Ryan J. Kershner.
Ph.D.
Nigues, Antoine. „Manipulation dans le micro/nanomonde : dispositif haptique préhensile“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCate, Evan Derek. „Design, Implementation, and Test of a Micro Force Displacement System“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuvernoy, Marie-Cécilia. „Mécanique de croissance d'une micro-colonie bactérienne“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we propose a framework to understand the morphogenesis of two-dimensional microcolonies. In particular, we have explored how growth and adhesion of individual cells compete during microcolony extension. We have shown (i) that isolated cells display an asymmetry in their adhesion, which is higher at the old pole, (ii) that bacterial elongation can result in pushing forces inside the colony. Since the combination of these two effects is expected to produce mechanical stress at the scale of the microcolony, we have developed a method to measure the resulting adhesion forces using deformable substrates. We have demonstrated that focal adhesions are dynamically established and ruptured, with a bias towards the old poles. We have also probed the role of adhesion in the shape of the colony. We have shown that polar adhesion drives the transition from a linear to a two-dimensional growth after the first division. At larger colony sizes, the level of adhesion continues to correlate with the global shape of the colony. Finally, adhesion is involved in the transition from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional colony. Taken together, our results suggest that the expression of adhesins and their location at the surface of the cells could be levers by which bacteria actively modulate the shape of the group in which they reside
Mandal, Kalpana. „Contribution des propriétés du micro-environnement sur l'adhésion cellulaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeill-Duflos, Antoine. „Interfaces et capteurs pour une chaine de micro-téléopération“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066147/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTeleoperation opens up new possibilities for interaction with the micro-world. Adequate systems make it possible for human to manipulate elements on microscopic scales. An added haptic feedback provides information crucial for a natural interaction. A bilateral coupling between the subsystems offers the best haptic transparency. This thesis addresses the design of a complete haptic teleoperation chain by focusing on its key elements. Three parts are detailed: The first part describes improvements of the high fidelity one degree of freedom haptic interface designed previously. First, the precision of the forces produced is improved. This improvement is related to the measurement of the motor velocity at high sampling frequencies. Then, the device is precisely caracterized. The second part describes the design of two new force sensors designed specifically for interactions with the micro-world. The forces are measured by compensation. Two approach are observed to expand the frequencies of forces measurable by the sensors. First approach try to reduce the mass, a new sensor on a micrometric scale is built with MEMS technologies. The second approach offer a new design of the sensor. In particular, the stiffness in the guidance is removed. The third part describes the design of a new haptic interface with multiple degrees of freedom. This interface combines the performances of the one degree of freedom interface with a 2D configuration. The key elements of its design are the an air bearing for frictionless guidance and linear induction motors for reduced inertia
Mathian, Marie. „Antennes large bande pour dispositifs micro-ondes de fortes puissances : mfp“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112001.
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