Dissertationen zum Thema „Micro-domaines“
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Tichit, Paul-Henri. „Transformations d’espaces et applications électromagnétiques dans les domaines optiques et micro-ondes“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis phD work is an original and important contribution to the understanding of transformation optics and paves the way to the design of new electromagnetic structures. The coupling between this innovative technique and metamaterials has led to prototypes with unique properties. We have thus developed an invisibility polygonal cloak, an electromagnetic taper, a directional antenna and isotropic source. The realization of our high-directive antenna with this method is the only prototype in the literature that combines controlled variations of the permittivity and permeability from electric and magnetic resonators. The ultimate control of light from an engineering space will find its usefulness in fundamental research but also for engineers and developers who are looking for more precision in the design of electromagnetic devices
Abdoune, Fatima-Zohra. „Dispersion de nano- et micro-domaines de cristal liquide dans des matrices polymères“. Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAyasso, Hacheme. „Une approche bayesienne de l'inversionApplication à l'imagerie de diffraction dans les domaines micro-onde et optique“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112251.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLn this work, we are interested in scattering imaging in 2D and 3D configurations, where our objective is to reconstruct an image (contrast function) of an unknown object using measurements of the scattered field that results from the interaction between the unknown object and a known incident field whose propagation direction and frequency can be varied. The difficulty of this problem lies in the non-linearity of the forward model and in the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem which requires the introduction of prior information (regularization). For this purpose, we use a Bayesian approach with a joint estimation of the object contrast, currents induced inside the objects and other model parameters. The forward continuous model is described by two coupled integral equations. The discrete counterparts of the latter are obtained by means of the method of moments (MoM). For the inversion, the Bayesian approach allows us to model our knowledge about the object in a probabilistic way. For the given applications, the object under test is known to be composed of a finite number of materials, which implies that the desired image consists of a finite number of compact homogeneous regions. This justifies the choice of a prior model based upon a mixture of Gaussian with a hidden Markovian variable that represents the label of the regions. The nonlinear nature of the forward model and the use of this prior leads to joint posterior estimators which are intractable. Therefore, an approximation of the posterior distribution is needed. Two approaches are possible: a numerical approach, for example MCMC, and an analytical approach as the variational Bayesian approach. We have tested both approaches and both of them yield very good reconstruction results compared to classical methods. However, the variational Bayesian approach allows a much faster reconstruction as compared to the MCMC stochastic sampling method
Ayasso, Hacheme. „Une approche bayésienne de l'inversion. Application à l'imagerie de diffraction dans les domaines micro-onde et optique“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDambrine, Julien. „Modélisation et étude numérique de quelques écoulements de fluides complexes en micro-fluidique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13918/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract
Neyraud, Vincent. „L'ubiquitination des GTPases Ral : Un nouveau mécanisme de régulation diu trafic intracellulaire de Ral et des micro-domaines menmbranaires lipidiques“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYam, Xue-Yan. „Caractérisation protéomique et fonctionnelle de micro-domaines membranaires dans des compartiments extra-parasitaires au sein d’érythrocytes infectés par Plasmodium falciparum“. Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDetergent Resistant Membranes (DRM) or "lipid rafts" are special microdomains in the plasma membrane and in membranes of intracellular compartments. They have been shown to be implicated in many cellular processes, like pathogen invasion, membrane sorting and signalling events. In this study, we applied a proteomic approach of DRM from erythrocytes infected with the causal agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, in order to identify which membranes contain DRM and to elucidate their function during the erythrocytic development of the parasite. The results were validated through the localization and association with DRMs of nine previously uncharacterised proteins. We could show that DRM are present as expected in the erythrocyte plasma- and the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, but also in compartments that are formed by the parasite in the host cell cytoplasm, like the Maurer's cleft. Two proteins were studied in detail. PfN201 is highly enriched in DRMs and localized to DRM of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. The protein is secreted in a soluble form with the expected molecular mass and assembled into a protein of 250 kDa in DRMs. PfB985 is a member of the protein family PfMC-2TM, which are exported to the Maurer's clefts. These proteins are more than 90% identical. Generation of transgenic parasites expressing GFP- or epitope-tagged version of four PfMC-2TM proteins allowed identifying two sub-families that differ in their subcellular localization and in the presence of a five amino acid insertion. We also showed that these proteins are phosphorylated and that their phosphorylation might play a central role in the efficiency of their export to the erythrocyte cytoplasm
Voznyuk, Ivan. „Méthodes de décomposition de domaines pour la modélisaton électromagnétique et l'imagerie micro-onde quantitative dans des configurations tridimensionnelles de grande taille“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4732/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD work is devoted to the electromagnetic modeling of threedimensional large-scale wave propagation problems, which is very challenging in terms of memory and computation time. The main idea of the Finite Element Tearing and Interconnect (FETI) method is to divide the domain into non-overlapping subdomains where each electromagnetic problem can be independently solved. A modification of the classical FETI method, called the FETI-DPEM2-full method, is proposed herein to improve the numerical process. The fields scattered by various structures have thus been computed and successfully compared with measured fields. From these experiments, quantitative microwave imaging algorithms attempt to estimate the physical parameters of the illuminated target. This inverse problem is recasted into a minimization problem where two forward problems are required at each iteration step. A quasi-Newton algorithm has thus been efficiently coupled with the FETI-DPEM2-full method. Reconstructions of various targets from measured scattered fields have been successfully performed, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology
Dallaire, Marie-Pierre. „Effets in vivo de la nutrition lipidique sur les micro-domaines membranaires de la glande mammaire et la désaturation des acides gras chez le bovin laitier“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30450/30450.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDallaire, Marie-Pierre, und Marie-Pierre Dallaire. „Effets in vivo de la nutrition lipidique sur les micro-domaines membranaires de la glande mammaire et la désaturation des acides gras chez le bovin laitier“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24671.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes effets de traitements alimentaires lipidiques sur la composition des rafts membranaires et l’activité de désaturation des acides gras de la glande mammaire et sur les performances productives des bovins laitiers ont été étudiés. La recherche a donné lieu à deux articles distincts, dont celui présenté dans ce mémoire, qui montre que des apports 1) en acides linoléiques conjugués a diminué la transcription du gène de la ∆9-désaturase sans affecter son activité enzymatique apparente; 2) en huile de sterculia fœtida a réduit l’activité de la ∆9-désaturase tout en augmentant l’abondance relative de l’ARNm codant pour cette enzyme ou; 3) en huile de poisson a diminué l’activité de l’enzyme sans en affecter la transcription génétique. Les résultats de cette recherche démontrent que l’activité de désaturation de la glande mammaire de même que les performances de production des bovins laitiers peuvent être modifiées par différents apports lipidiques alimentaires.
Restoin, Christine. „Inversion périodique de domaines ferroélectriques par faisceau d'électrons sur Ti:LiNbO3 : Contribution à la réalisation d'un convertisseur en longueurs d'onde indépendant de la polarisation (lambda = 1,55 micro m)“. Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChauleau, Jean-Yves. „Textures magnétiques et parois de domaines : les objets du transfert de spin“. Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this PhD thesis is the study of magnetic domain walls, and more generally of magnetic textures, in nanostructures. This work is motivated by the coupling between electrons responsible for magnetism and those for electrical conduction, nowadays called spin transfer torque, enabling domain wall dynamics under spin current. Knowledge of domain walls' dynamic behaviour and static characteristics is thus required. The tool used all along this work has been the magnetic force microscopy. The main study of this work is the experimental demonstration of magnetic domain wall automotion in NiFe nanostrips. We studied this phenomenon in the case of a domain wall transformation and then analyzed its role for domain wall dynamics under short current pulses. The static properties of such structures prove equally important. They have been studied using anisotropic magnetoresistance measurement for domain walls under quasi-static rotating magnetic field. Finally, new material studies being one the main research direction for spin transfer torque issues, a third part has been devoted to study the complex magnetization distribution in NiPd nanostructures. For all the topics developed in this work, micromagnetic simulations have been carried out in order to deepen our understanding
Fadil, Dalal. „Étude du retournement de l'aimantation par microscopie magnéto-optique Kerr et de la magnétorésistance dans des couches minces de La0,7Sr0,3MnO3 à température ambiante“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664275.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChauleau, Jean-Yves. „Textures magnétiques et Parois de Domaines : les objets du transfert de spin“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575563.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuoniam, Luc. „Bibliométrie informatisée et information stratégique : réalisation d'un système automatique d'analyse de fichiers télédéchargés sur micro-ordinateur : application à la détermination des pôles de recherche, des réseaux, de la corrélation spécifique dans divers domaines scientifiques“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdam, Jean-Paul. „Du renversement sous champ de l'aimantation d'un nano-plot au deplacement sous courant d'une paroi de domaines dans une nano-piste par microscopie Kerr polaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439280.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbier, Camille. „Epitaxie de GaN sur substrat de graphène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to their excellent physical properties, III-nitrides are highly prized semiconductors for the fabrication of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. Although many III-N-based devices are already on the market, their performances can still be impacted by a high density of defects in the active layers. This is due to the lack of a native III-N substrate available at low cost. These III-N layers are currently grown by heteroepitaxy, i.e. on a bulk substrate of different nature. It therefore appears important to identify an alternative substrate to improve the crystalline quality of the active layers. In this context, my PhD work aims at the elaboration of monocrystalline GaN domains of micrometric size that can be used to fabricate a single device on each of them. I used an innovative process based on two important steps: (i) molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of nanostructures of excellent crystal quality on an ultimately thin and compliant substrate, i.e. a single graphene layer transferred onto silica; (ii) lateral regrowth of these nanostructures by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (EPVOM). My results first illustrated the problem of GaN nucleation on graphene and, more generally, of a 3D material (with sp3 orbitals) on a 2D material (with sp2 orbitals). In particular, a very long incubation period is observed before nucleation of the first GaN seeds. I have tried to explain the origin of this incubation time and identified experimental conditions to shorten it. I have shown that the incubation results in important structural modifications of graphene. It is likely that these modifications create GaN nucleation sites. Then, we measured in situ the deformation of the first GaN nuclei at ESRF. At the very beginning of nucleation, GaN is under a tensile strain of 0.8%. A growth scenario based on all these experimental observations is proposed. I also showed that selective epitaxy of GaN nanowires is possible on very small graphene patches on silica. With optimized conditions, I could obtain a single nanowire per patch. My preliminary results on the lateral regrowth step demonstrate the possibility to obtain micrometer-size GaN crystals without extended defects. I studied their growth kinetics using AlN markers. A highly anisotropic growth regime corresponding to the progression of vertical facets can be reached. This represents an ideal condition for developing GaN micro-templates. This approach by selective epitaxy on patterned graphene offers very promising prospects for the transfer of micro-devices to a host substrate, different from the growth support material
Desgreys, P. „INTERFACE ANALOGIQUE NUMÉRIQUE POUR LES TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS MODÉLISATIONS ET CONCEPTIONS FLEXIBLES“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHajj, Raghida. „Conception et réalisation de fonction de filtrage dans les domaines millimétriques et sub-millimétriques“. Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/53dd37e5-e647-4f9c-a18f-bbc3c1dcbc9e/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4014.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLow cost filters, for integration in satellites, were manufactured using micromachining techniques. In the first chapter, an overview of filters for space communications is presented. Different types of filters, their advantages and disadvantages have been detailed. Emphasis is then placed on the choice of technology and the interest of micro-machining. The method of synthesis of filters is also explained. Filters and resonators at 19,825 GHz and 150 GHz were then designed and made in Chapters 2 and 3 for space applications. At 19 825 GHz, the goal was to design a filter with good electromagnetic performance (including rejection) and whose dimensions are fully compatible with a receiver built by Thales Alenia Space. Around 150 GHz, using micromachining of silicon, electrically coupled planar filters have been studied. A periodic analysis of metallic structures, presenting electromagnetic band gap, has been made. The interest of these structures is to increase the quality factor of resonators. A two-pole filter based on periodic structures could thus be designed. The last chapter of this thesis is devoted to tunable devices. The sub-millimeter field has always been targeted. After a presentation of various technologies for the frequency agreement, the integration of MEMS capacitors in resonant cavities is chosen. Thus a topology with a good quality factor, easy integration and a wide frequency agreement is proposed
Bezzaoucha, Fatiha. „Nouveaux polyamphiphiles cationiques : synthèse et étude de leur organisation en milieu aqueux et aux interfaces en relation avec leur structure“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL026N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to improve the fundamental knowledge of the relationships between the chemical structure of intramolecular associative polymers (polysoaps) and their physical chemical properties in aqueous media, three new families of cationic amphiphilic polymers were obtained by complementary methods offering great structure variability. The corresponding polymers were comb poly(meth)acrylamides with pendant ammonium groups with alkyl side chains of variable lengths. A first investigation of their physical chemical behaviour in aqueous solutions, by viscometry and fluorescence spectrometry with two complementary fluorescent probes, showed that they displayed polysoap properties which varied progressively with their chemical features, in particular the length of the alkyl side chain, the size of the spacer between the two polar amide and ammonium groups and the polymer molecular weight. Tensiometry confirmed the prevailing of the hydrophobic effect by showing that these polymers displayed a very weak activity at the water/air interface although the corresponding molecular models showed excellent tensio-active properties. Langmuir’s films were eventually obtained in the first study of this importance on cationic amphiphilic polymers. Here again, the great structural variability enabled original observations and new structure/properties relationships were obtained for the corresponding compression isotherms
Bonnivard, Matthieu. „Influence des perturbations géométriques de domaines sur les solutions d'équations aux dérivées partielles“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTani, Abdallah. „Structures des convertisseurs modulaires associés aux technologies de stockage : applications aux domaines résidentiels et véhicules électriques“. Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a continuation of the works based on the multi-source systems power management problems started by GREAH laboratory. It is funded by the “Haute Normandie Region”. This report presents some topologies of the DC/DC converters used in the hybrid electric vehicles applications, and the residential micro-grids ones. The studied topologies are based on the DC/DC converters such as the buck-boost and the interleaved-buck converters. Two original methods for electrical energy management in the multi-source systems are proposed and their performances are evaluated. The proposed methods enable to decouple the role of the energy source (lithium battery or fuel cell) compared to the power source (supercapacitors), and then manage the energetic exchange between the sources and the load. The proposed methods (frequency approach and distribution of the average power) consist to decompose the current of the load or the current from the pollution source into two components. The dynamic component called high frequency component is assigned to the supercapacitors, and the components which present slow variations or null called low frequency component is attributed to the lithium battery or fuel cell. For reasons of cost, the experimental test bench is carried out in the reduced scale. The obtained experimental results are used to evaluate the performance of topologies and control strategies proposed
Dulaquais, Gabriel. „Cycle biogéochimique du cobalt en domaines océaniques contrastés : l'Atlantique Ouest, la Mer Méditerranée et la Mer Noire“. Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo
Bassignot, Florent. „Nouveau type d'oscillateur exploitant des transducteurs à domaines ferroélectriques alternés et des matériaux de guidage pour l'excitation d'ondes ultrasonores d'interface“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639401.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAli, Mohamed. „Calcul statique et dynamique par elements finis sur micro-ordinateurs de structures composites et metalliques“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066443.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZenati, Amel. „Modélisation et simulation de microsystèmes multi domaines à signaux mixtes : vers le prototypage virtuel d'un microsystème autonome“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work carried in this thesis deals with the modeling and simulation of multi-disciplinary microsystems composed of devices coming from different domains: electromechanical, digital and analog electronics and electrochemical. Our goal is to propose virtual prototypes for autonomous microsystems. Such microsystems are able to generate, from mechanical vibrations, the needed electric energy to power the overall system, making it electrically independent. A method for collaborative modelling under the MATLAB/Simulink environment is proposed allowing to study the complex behaviour of these microsystems. This is achieved at different levels of detail and relies on two simulation approaches. The first approach allows verifying the behavior of the virtual prototype within the same environment through global simulation. The second approach relies on a co-simulation interface with VHDL under ModelSim. Compared to the results measured on the physical prototype, the obtained simulation results showed the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method
Zenati, Amel. „Modélisation et simulation de microsystèmes multi domaines à signaux mixtes : vers le prototypage virtuel d'un microsystème autonome“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250165.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'objectif est de proposer des prototypes virtuels d'un microsystème dit autonome. Ce microsystème permet de générer à partir de vibrations mécaniques, une énergie électrique qui sert à alimenter tout le dispositif, et le rendre électriquement indépendant.
Une méthode de modélisation collaborative sous l'environnement MATLAB/Simulink est proposée afin d'étudier le comportement du microsystème. Ceci est réalisé à différents niveaux de détails en se basant sur deux approches de simulations. La première permet de vérifier le comportement du prototype virtuel dans un même environnement et de le valider par simulation globale. La deuxième approche consiste à simuler le système complet en faisant appel à l'interface de cosimulation avec le langage VHDL sous ModelSim.
Les résultats de simulation confrontés aux mesures effectuées sur le prototype physique ont montré la fiabilité de la méthode proposée.
GALLO, BOURGAIN BLANDINE. „Application de la synthese de la parole a la communication entre un aveugle et un micro-ordinateur“. Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerrand, Patrick. „Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerrand, Patrick. „Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonazzoli, Marcella. „Méthodes d'ordre élevé et méthodes de décomposition de domaine efficaces pour les équations de Maxwell en régime harmonique“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations present several difficulties when the frequency is large, such as the sign-indefiniteness of the variational formulation, the pollution effect and the problematic construction of iterative solvers. We propose a precise and efficient solution strategy that couples high order finite element (FE) discretizations with domain decomposition (DD) preconditioners. High order FE methods make it possible for a given precision to reduce significantly the number of unknowns of the linear system to be solved. DD methods are then used as preconditioners for the iterative solver: the problem defined on the global domain is decomposed into smaller problems on subdomains, which can be solved concurrently and using robust direct solvers. The design, implementation and analysis of both these methods are particularly challenging for Maxwell’s equations. FEs suited for the approximation of the electric field are the curl-conforming or edge finite elements. Here, we revisit the classical degrees of freedom (dofs) defined by Nédélec to obtain a new more friendly expression in terms of the chosen high order basis functions. Moreover, we propose a general technique to restore duality between dofs and basis functions. We explicitly describe an implementation strategy, which we embedded in the open source language FreeFem++. Then we focus on the preconditioning of the linear system, starting with a numerical validation of a one-level overlapping Schwarz preconditioner, with impedance transmission conditions between subdomains. Finally, we investigate how two-level preconditioners recently analyzed for the Helmholtz equation work in the Maxwell case, both from the theoretical and numerical points of view. We apply these methods to the large scale problem arising from the modeling of a microwave imaging system, for the detection and monitoring of brain strokes. In this application accuracy and computing speed are indeed of paramount importance
Zenati, A. „Modélisation et simulation de microsystèmes multi domaines à signaux mixtes : vers le prototypage virtuel d'un microsystème autonome“. Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGisclon, Marguerite. „Effet des conditions aux limites et analyse multi-échelles en mécanique des fluides, chromatographie et électromagnétisme“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIl s'inscrit dans l'étude des problèmes hyperboliques, des problème mixtes et des équations cinétiques. Les domaines d'application sont la mécanique des fluides ou du solide, la propagation de composants chimiques, l'électromagnétisme, l'optique.
Mon activité concerne d'abord la modélisation de phénomènes physiques ou chimiques sous forme d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires telles que les équations de Bloch, Korteweg, Navier-Stokes, Saint-Venant, puis vient l'étude mathématique de ces équations à travers les
problèmes d'existence, d'unicité, de régularité avec éventuellement la mise au point de méthodes numériques de résolution.
Ce document est divisé en une introduction générale et trois chapitres qui concernent respectivement les systèmes hyperboliques avec conditions aux limites et la chromatographie, les problèmes d'analyse asymptotique et enfin les méthodes cinétiques.
Dans chaque partie, un historique et une présentation des différents résultats mathématiques sont faits et quelques problèmes ouverts sont donnés.