Thematische Bibliographien / Mexico Tariff

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mexico Tariff“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mexico Tariff"

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Susanto, Dwi, C. Parr Rosson und Flynn J. Adcock. „Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of the Agricultural Sector“. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 39, Nr. 1 (April 2007): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022793.

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This paper examines the effect of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A one percentage point decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 5.31% in the first 6 years of NAFTA and by 2.62% in the last 6 years of NAFTA. U.S. imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.
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Rico, Alfonso, Alberto Mendoza, Emilio Mayoral und César Rivera. „Criteria for Setting Tariffs on Toll Highways in Mexico“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1558, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155800106.

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A methodology for determining the tariffs that should be charged for different types of vehicles driven on new toll roads in Mexico is presented. The methodology is based on two criteria: maximize the income of the toll collector (whether this collector is a government agency or a private concessionaire) and minimize national transport costs. The first criterion requires the development of binary logit models for predicting the traffic demand fraction choosing the toll alternative. The second criterion requires the minimization of road users' transport cost, which is composed of vehicle operating costs plus the tariff charged. This tariff should include road deterioration costs, construction and financial costs, the administrative costs of operating the toll road, taxes, and other expenditures. Principles for computing reference tariffs are recommended along with ways to use these tariffs to analyze the economic feasibility of toll highways.
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Ruiz, V. L. „Tariff structure program: Guanajuato case study“. Water Supply 5, Nr. 3-4 (01.11.2005): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0102.

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Following careful planning and work with stakeholders, the State Water Commission of Guanajuato in Mexico has been implementing a process of change leading to a more rational tariff structure for the delivery of water services. By gaining support for tariffs that reflect realistic costs for the service, prices have been stabilised and unplanned subsidies replaced by properly targeted ones; lower volumes of water are being used while more people are being served; and a secure basis has been created for development to meet future needs.
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Becerril Torres, Osvaldo, Gabriela Munguía Vázquez und Justyna Wieloch. „The effects of US import tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Mexico“. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2022): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/10.

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To this end, mathematical and statistical methods are used to model the effect of tariffs, ex-ante and ex-post, after implementing this trade policy, on exports of aluminum and steel from Mexico to the United States, versus US imports of these metals from the ROW. The results show that the protectionist tariff policy had a structural effect on US imports; likewise, the tariff shock implemented by the United States in June 2018 adversely affected its imports of these goods, both in terms of volume and value. This suggests that bilateral trade may be affected, but the effect is differentiated. The United States may be achieving its objective of protecting its domestic industry or it may impact upwards on the domestic prices of these metals, which could influence the prices paid by the final consumer. For Mexico, trade may be diverted or its export capacity reduced, adversely affecting its trade balance of these metals.
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Unveren, Hakan, und Jeff Luckstead. „Comprehensive Broiler Supply Chain Model with Vertical and Horizontal Linkages: Impact of US–China Trade War and USMCA“. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 52, Nr. 3 (31.03.2020): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2020.5.

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AbstractThis paper builds a comprehensive supply chain model of the US broiler industry that accounts for corn and soybean meal, feed mills, breeders, hatcheries, grow-out farms, broiler processing, value-added processing, and international trade. The model is calibrated and simulated to analyze the effects of (1) corn and soybeans tariffs imposed by China and (2) change in the Canadian tariff-rate quota proposed under US–Mexico–Canada–Agreement. The first scenario indicates that feed price falls while supply increases, which decreases the production costs of breeders and grow-out farms. The second scenario shows that exports to Canada rise at the expense of exports to Mexico.
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Quinn, Michael J. „Gas in Mexico: Tariff, infrastructure affect strategies“. Natural Gas 13, Nr. 11 (09.01.2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410131102.

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Santillán Luna, Ignacio, J. Jesús Ceja Pizano und Daniel Pineda Domínguez. „Practical Strategies for The Economic Development of Mexico: Nearshoring Trend“. Mercados y Negocios 25, Nr. 52 (01.05.2024): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi52.7727.

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This research aimed to suggest practical strategies for Mexico's economic development through the trend of nearshoring. It involved identifying, analyzing, and organizing the causes of the conflict between China and the USA over international trade and exploring the opportunities that nearshoring to Mexico can offer. Qualitative research methods were applied, and documentary research techniques were used based on two study objects: a) the Sino-American dispute over international trade and b) nearshoring to Mexico. Nearshoring to Mexico is driven by various factors, including tariff benefits from Free Trade Agreements, low labor costs in manufacturing companies, and a stable exchange rate. Therefore, Mexico needs to encourage the development of industrial parks, implement an effective Public Security Policy, offer tax incentives to attract Foreign Direct Investment and improve port, road, and air infrastructure to take full advantage of this trend.
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Takahashi, Katsuhide, und Shujiro Urata. „On the Use of FTAs by Japanese Firms: Further Evidence“. Business and Politics 12, Nr. 1 (April 2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1310.

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The paper examines the use of free trade agreements (FTAs) by Japanese firms. The FTAs analyzed include Japan's FTAs with Mexico, Malaysia and Chile. Based on 1,688 responses to a questionnaire survey conducted in 2008, the study finds that the utilization rate of FTAs ranges between 32.9% (Japan-Mexico FTA) and 12.2% (Japan-Malaysia FTA). The survey results and the statistical analysis of the determinants of the use of FTAs reveal obstacles to using FTAs that include difficulty in obtaining the certificate of origin that is required to use the FTA, lack of knowledge of FTAs, and the small FTA tariff preference that is the difference between the most-favored-nation (MFN) and FTA tariff rates.
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Ben Yahmed, Sarra, und Pamela Bombarda. „Gender, Informal Employment and Trade Liberalization in Mexico“. World Bank Economic Review 34, Nr. 2 (14.03.2019): 259–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy020.

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Abstract This paper studies how import liberalization affects formal employment across gender. The theory offers a mechanism to explain how male and female formal employment shares can respond differently to trade liberalization through labor reallocation across tradable and nontradable sectors. Using Mexican data over the period 1993–2001, we find that Mexican tariff cuts increase the probability of working formally for both men and women within four-digit manufacturing industries. The formalization of jobs within tradable sectors is driven by large firms. Constructing a regional tariff measure, we find that regional exposure to import liberalization increases the probability of working formally in the manufacturing sector for both men and women, and especially for men. However in the service sectors, the probability of working formally decreases for low-skilled women.
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Caceres, Luis Rene. „Nafta and Mexico’s Economic Growth from a Gender Perspective“. International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, Nr. 12 (28.11.2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n12p90.

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This paper investigates the dynamics of Mexico’s economy after the signing of the NAFTA treaty. It is reported that Mexico, the United States and Canada have experienced low rates of economic growth as a result of the deindustrialization processes they have undergone, which has been a consequence of the tariff reductions. Tariff reduction has also affected employment, especially female industrial employment, with adverse consequences on domestic savings, trade balance and economic growth. Additional analysis is related to cointegration tests of the employment ratios, as well as to the existence of principal components among the three countries’ employment to population ratios. The paper investigates the effects of declining employment to population ratios in the three countries, reporting that in Mexico female employment has increased to compensate the declining tendencies of labor productivity and male employment ratio. The paper ends with a proposal regarding the launching of the North American Social and Dignity Pact.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Mexico Tariff"

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Magana, Lemus David. „A quantitative analysis of the effects of tariff and non-tariff barriers on U.S. - Mexico poultry trade“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2509.

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Since the inception of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, tariff restriction to U.S. poultry products entering the Mexican market has decreased significantly. While poultry trade from the U.S. to Mexico has increased considerably, Mexican chicken exports to the U.S. face a sanitary restriction. This concerns chicken producers in Mexico. Consequently, the Mexican government negotiated with the U.S. government an extension, from 2003 to 2008, of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) on U.S. chicken leg quarters entering the Mexican market. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impact of trade policies restricting the chicken trade between Mexico and the U.S. Two trade policy scenarios were analyzed: (1) a removal of the Mexican tariff rate quota (TRQ) on U.S. chicken leg quarters, and (2) a removal of the TRQ and, in addition, a removal of the U.S. sanitary restrictions to Mexican chicken. A cost minimization mathematical programming model was used to estimate the optimum levels of production, consumption and trade, subject to policy restrictions. The study found that if the Mexican TRQ on U.S. chicken leg quarters is eliminated, chicken production in Mexico would shrink by 51% compared to the actual level of production as of 2003. A less drastic effect on Mexican production of chicken was found when, in addition to the TRQ removal, the U.S. sanitary restriction on Mexican chicken is eliminated. In this second scenario total production in Mexico would decrease by 24%. Under both scenarios chicken production in the U.S. is estimated to have an increase, 8% and 4% for the first and second scenarios, respectively. These new levels of production would affect trade levels and prices for chicken and chicken parts in both countries.
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Kuevey, Folly Kuevey. „Tariffs Eliminations and Exchange Rate Fluctuations Relationships to Trade Elasticity“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3696.

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The enactment of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was intended to reduce tariffs on most goods by 2008 among Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and to create the largest regional market outside the European Union. Early research conducted to investigate the relationships between tariffs elimination and trade volume focused mainly on macrolevel effects with mixed results, without acknowledging the possible influence from exchange rate fluctuations. After 20 years, NAFTA has provided the opportunity to observe a significant reduction in tariffs between 1994 and 2013. Skepticism regarding the relationship between trade liberalization and the regional economy, and the controversy still surrounding NAFTA, suggests that other factors might influence trade, making the current study relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible relationships between exchange rate fluctuations and trade volume during a period when tariffs were eliminated. This study focused on 2 basic theories of preferential trade and the exchange rate, and data were collected on imports-exports between Mexico and the United States. Regression analyses showed a relationship between exchange rate fluctuation and trade volume when tariffs are eliminated. The findings may help exporters and unions understand the implications of other factors affecting trade. The findings may also help union leaders understand how other economic factors may have implication on global economy rather than focusing solely on trade agreements, and to better strategize in addressing social issues of concern related to globalization.
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Serra, Daniel J. „Trade Liberalization in Mexico: An Analysis of the Anti-Export Bias“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/960.

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Modern trade theory suggests that protectionist policies hinder exports by altering domestic prices and production incentives. This paper examines the effect of import tariffs on Mexican non-oil exports through a comprehensive analysis of the Mexican trade sector, including a breakdown of the most important free trade agreements for the Mexican economy, information on Mexican resource mobility and factor endowment, and analysis on Mexico’s tariff structure. The paper finds that import tariffs on both intermediate and final goods have a direct and significant effect on exports, alluding to the existence of an anti-export bias, and argues that free trade is the most effective way to promote exports and allow for domestic price readjustment.
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Blubaugh, Chris. „James K. Polk: Territorial Expansionist and the Evolution of Presidential Power“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1366285865.

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Flores, Quiroga Aldo Ricardo. „The political economy of Mexican trade policy, 1970-1994“. 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38189290.html.

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Hegerty, Scott W. „NAFTA, the peso, and U.S.-Mexico commodity trade“. 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/228436328.html.

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Bücher zum Thema "Mexico Tariff"

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Teufel, Dagmar. The emperor's new clothes: A cautionary tale of free trade. Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 1995.

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R, White William. The implications of the FTA and NAFTA for Canada and Mexico. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Bank of Canada, 1994.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. 9. Aufl. México: Editorial Porrúa, 2000.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. 4. Aufl. México: Editorial Porrúa, 1993.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. 5. Aufl. México: Editorial Porrúa, 1995.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. México: Editorial Porrúa, 2000.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. México: Editorial Porrúa, 1985.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. 7. Aufl. México: Editorial Porrúa, 1998.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. México: Editorial Porrúa, 2002.

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Contreras, Máximo Carvajal. Derecho aduanero. México: Editorial Porrúa, 2007.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Mexico Tariff"

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Estrada-Chavira, María Eugenia, Sylja Viridiana Guerrero-García, Maribel Rocío Hernández-Velázquez und Guillermo Arredondo-García. „Did Mexico Lose the Fight of Tomato Exports in the Times of USA Tariff, Facing the UMSCA?“ In Soft Computing and Fuzzy Methodologies in Innovation Management and Sustainability, 169–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96150-3_12.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 111. WTO, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/bd16e606-en.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 119. WTO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/d1fcf33b-en.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 130. WTO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/6366c01d-en.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 120. WTO, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/77d33248-en.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 183–84. WTO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/9789287053695-092.zhtml.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 130. WTO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/9789287053688c092.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 129. WTO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/9789287074034-91.zhtml.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 129. WTO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/9789287074034c091.

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„Mexico“. In World Tariff Profiles, 126. WTO, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/2c15a03d-en.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Mexico Tariff"

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Castellanos, Sergio, Jose E. Santibanez-Aguilar, Benjamin B. Shapiro, Douglas M. Powell, Ian M. Peters, Tonio Buonassisi, Daniel M. Kammen und Antonio Flores-Tlacuahuac. „Global sustainable silicon photovoltaics manufacturing: a technoeconomic, tariff and transportation framework with an applied case for Mexico“. In 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2018.8547623.

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Raj, Anupam, und T. Agami Reddy. „Techno-Economic Analysis of a PV-Battery System for a Commercial Building Under Different Utility Rate Structures“. In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7291.

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The synergy between solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and behind-the-meter battery storage to reduce utility costs in buildings has drawn increasing attention. This paper presents results of a case study involving an economic analysis of battery-supported PV systems for an existing two-story commercial building in Albuquerque, New Mexico under different utility rate tariffs. The building, with 17,430 ft2 conditioned area, has been modeled in a detailed building energy simulation program, and hourly building electricity demand data and electricity demand generated using Typical Meteorological Year 2 (TMY2) weather file. The effect of strategies leading to demand leveling and demand limiting have also been discussed. Parametric analysis using System Advisor Model (SAM) software has been performed to determine the optimal sizing of the PV and battery systems for the given electric demand profiles under the assumed utility rate tariffs which will result in largest net present value (NPV). The results have been found to be highly sensitive to the costs of the PV systems and battery packs. Under the assumed realistic circumstances, we find that the inclusion of a battery pack in either a new or existing PV system does not improve the NPV even when the cost of battery storage is reduced from its current $250/kWh down to an unrealistic $50/kWh.
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Zhou, Bo, Xin Zhang, Li Zhao, Bao Zhou, Long Chen und Yunhu Lu. „Pre-Drilling Prediction of 3D Geomechanical Parameters Based on Seismic Data: A Case Study of Tarim Oilfield“. In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0138.

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ABSTRACT A pre-drill prediction method of 3D geomechanical parameters based on seismic data is proposed. Firstly, the wave impedance parameters are predicted in the target area by the logging-constrained method, which mainly uses post-stack seismic data and logged data from drilled wells. The density and velocity data are obtained by separating the wave impedance data. Then, the density and velocity data are used as input to calculate 3D geomechanical parameters in the region, including elasticity parameters, strength parameters, and stress parameters. In particular, experimental data are used to correct the accuracy of the model. The results accurately reflect the geological complexity and non-homogeneity of the region by evaluating the elastic properties, mechanical properties, and stress magnitude of each point. This method can greatly improve the longitudinal resolution of the inversion results by fully exploiting a priori information from the logs and involving them in the seismic inversion process. Pre-drill parameters prediction of a complex field in the Tyuritag of the Tarim Basin is carried out. INTRODUCTION A growing number of oil and gas field development projects are facing the challenge of safe, rapid, and efficient development, such as offshore projects like Hibernia and the Gulf of Mexico in Canada, and onshore projects in tectonically active areas like the Cusiana field in Colombia and the Tarim Basin in China. However, as drilling depths continue to deepen, the geological environment encountered in oil and gas development is becoming increasingly complex. The difficulty of engineering problems related to geomechanics is also increasing. On the one hand, there are more and more complex accidents in various wells, such as well wall instability, well leakage, and sand production. Underground accidents seriously increase the time and cost of construction operations. It is estimated that at least 10% of the average well budget is used for unplanned operations due to wellbore instability (Sheng, 2006; Wei, 2012). On the other hand, the inaccuracy of geomechanical modeling makes geomechanics-related engineering measures unable to achieve the expected goals. In shale oil and gas development, about 30-50% of fracturing clusters do not contribute to product improvement. The root cause is poorly designed hydraulic fracturing strategies due to the lack of accurate geomechanical data (Zhang, 2018; Parshall, 2015).
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Epstein, Samuel A., Elizabeth Chinn McDade, Allan Spector und Howard R. Feldman. „Ultra-Deep Sub-Salt Hydrocarbon Exploration Targets: Dead Sea Rift Zone – Implications from Ultra-Deep U.S. Gulf of Mexico, Anadarko, Permian, and Tarim (China) Basins Successes“. In 2019 AAPG Geoscience Technology Workshop: Exploration and Development of Siliciclastic and Carbonate Reservoirs in the Eastern Mediterranean. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/11260epstein2019.

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Méndez Landa, Francisco Javier. „ATACAR LA FRONTERA: LA POESÍA COMO POLÍTICA EN LA OBRA DE FRANCIS ALŸS.“ In IV Congreso Internacional Estética y Política: Poéticas del desacuerdo para una democracia plural. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cep4.2019.10288.

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Desde finales de los años 90’s el artista belga radicado en México, Francis Alÿs (1959) ha extrapolado su labor artística al abandonar el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México como su principal laboratorio social, para incidir en diversas regiones del mundo -principalmente territorios de conflicto bélico, socioeconómico, político y migratorio-, en un afán de imaginar realidades distintas a las establecidas por medio de la activación de relatos urbanos, fábulas, moralejas, actividades fútiles y juegos de niños; deviniendo en variadas y aparentemente inocentes metáforas que esconden complejas y poderosas reflexiones sociales. El presente trabajo plantea trazar una acupuntura que sigue algunas acciones de Francis Alÿs fuera del territorio mexicano para construir un imaginario global desde lo poético de su labor: en un mundo gobernado por la desesperanza, y las tensiones generadas por las fronteras de los países, la voz de Alÿs se vuelve un bálsamo necesario que permite visualizar otras soluciones posibles a los conflictos políticos derivados de la independencia y la consecuente autonomía de un determinado territorio. I. En 1997, Alÿs viaja de Tijuana, Baja California, México a San Diego, California, EUA, -ciudades vecinas separadas únicamente por la valla Internacional-; pero el artista lo hace sin cruzar la frontera norte; imaginando una nueva y absurda ruta migratoria que evade la burocracia necesaria para ingresar legalmente a los Estados Unidos; iniciando su viaje en Tijuana, y prosiguiendo por Ciudad de México, Panamá, Santiago de Chile, Auckland, Sydney, Singapore, Bangkok, Rangún, Hong Kong, Shanghái, Seul, Anchorage, Vancouver, Los Ángeles y concluir finalmente en San Diego, California, arribando 35 días después de haber iniciado su travesía. II. En 2005, Alÿs convoca a lancheros voluntarios de Cayo Hueso, Florida, EUA y de La Habana, Cuba, a construir con sus endebles barcas un sólido puente que permita enlazar estas dos naciones sobre el Golfo de México. III. En 2004, Alÿs recorre la ‘Línea verde’, demarcación establecida para promover un alto al fuego entre Israel y Palestina, con una lata de pintura verde agujereada, trazando con su andar una línea verde, que materializa esta división naturalmente imaginaria. IV. En 2008, Alÿs invita a niños de las comunidades pesqueras de Tánger, Marruecos y Tarifa, España a construir una línea humana que permita liberar pequeños barcos de juguete para navegar de norte a sur, y viceversa el Estrecho de Gibraltar. Para Alÿs, la poesía posee una cualidad disruptiva, capaz de hacernos imaginar otros futuros posibles.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Mexico Tariff"

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Estevadeordal, Antoni. Negotiating Preferential Market Access: The Case of NAFTA. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011086.

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There is a growing interest related to the theoretical analysis of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Nevertheless, there has been as yet very little empirical research on the topic, in particular, on the negotiating dynamics of these types of agreements. This paper attempts to make a contribution in this direction examining the relationship between the two most important market access instruments in the case of NAFTA negotiations: the preferential tariff phase-outs and the accompanying rules of origin (RoO). The traditional literature has viewed market access negotiations solely in terms of tariff (and non-tariff) negotiations. From an analytical point of view, the role of RoO, that is the rules that are designed to determine the origin of products in international trade, has usually been restricted to a "secondary" or "supportive" function. As such, RoO were seen to assist in the application or implementation of other "primary" instruments. In the case of preferential RoO, they help to determine when a particular good will be granted preferential tariff treatment. Using a newly constructed data set this paper estimates a simultaneous equation model where the endogenous variables are the preferential tariff phase-outs between Mexico and the United States and the RoO under the NAFTA agreement. The empirical findings of this paper support the view that in accordance with recent literature, the NAFTA RoO were used as an independent commercial policy instrument with a "primary" market access function as it is the case with the traditional preferential tariffs.
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2

Belser, Patrick. Does Latin American and Caribbean Unemployment Depend on Asian Labor Standards? Inter-American Development Bank, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011553.

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Many Latin American nations have recently implemented liberal trade regimes, often as part of a larger set of market-oriented reforms, and have abandoned their industrialization policies based on import substitution. In the 1980s, Chile, Mexico, and Bolivia were among the continent's first nations to slash tariff rates and virtually eliminate quantitative restrictions on imports. They were followed by many others, including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago. All these countries are now much more exposed to international competition than ever before. But is this a good idea? Are labor rights really more restricted in export-oriented Asian nations than they are in Latin America? And if so, are Latin American workers prejudiced by Asia's lower standards?
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Hancevic, Pedro, Héctor Núñez und Juan Rosellón. Tariff Schemes and Regulations: What Changes are Needed in the Mexican Residential Electricity Sector to Support Efficient Adoption of Green Technologies? Inter-American Development Bank, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001871.

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Chepeliev, Maksym, Wally Tyner und Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. How Differing Trade Policies May Impact U.S. Agriculture: The Potential Economic Impacts of TPP, USMCA, and NAFTA. GTAP Working Paper, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp84.

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In the last two years, the United States has reversed the post-World War II trend toward the lowering of trade barriers and a commitment towards multilateral free trade. Citing a need to “level the playing field” and hold trading partners accountable to their commitments, the current Administration has moved towards a more protectionist and perhaps mercantilist position vis-à-vis trade policy. One of the Administration’s first actions in this regard was the decision to leave the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, followed thereafter by raising tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. The Administration’s actions on trade are likely to have significant implications for U.S. farmers as these actions target three of the largest markets for U.S. agricultural exports – Canada, China and Mexico – accounting for some 44%, and representing an average of $63 billion, of U.S. agricultural exports 2013 to 2015. <em>Commissioned by the <a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/">Farm Foundation</a></em> <strong><a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/forums/2019-farm-foundation-forums/u-s-and-canadian-perspectives-on-trans-pacific-trade/">Farm Foundation Forum</a></strong> (March 4, 2019) <ul> <li><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user-254829763/us-canadian-perspectives-on-trans-pacific-trade">Forum audio</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/trade/">Food and Agricultural Trade Resource Center</a></li> </ul> <strong><a href="https://www.farmfoundation.org/forums/2018-farm-foundation-forums/oct-31-2018-farm-foundation-forum/">Farm Foundation Forum</a></strong> (October 31, 2018) <ul> <li><a href="https://brianallmerradionetwork.wordpress.com/2018/10/31/10-31-18-a-closer-look-at-the-purdue-universitys-global-trade-analysis-project-regarding-usmca-with-purdue-ag-economist-dominique-y-van-der-mensbrugghe-ph-d/">van der Mensbrugghe Interview</a></li> </ul>
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