Dissertationen zum Thema „Meubles en bois – Qualité – Contrôle“
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Troshani, Zhakin. „Développement d'un standard de couleur pour l'appariement du bois dans l'industrie du meuble“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21361.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoel, Matthieu. „Modélisation déterministe et probabiliste de la rupture par champ de phase et identification expérimentale pour la fissuration des structures en bois dans l’ameublement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the furniture industry, ensuring the safety of structures in accordance with European standards presents a significant challenge for furniture manufacturers. Before commercialization, furniture are subjected to standardized validation tests, which only allow for a retrospective understanding of its mechanical behavior. This thesis aims to develop modeling and numerical simulation tools to predict the cracking failure mechanism at the connections between furniture elements. To achieve this objective, the methodological approach combines modeling and numerical simulation with experimental testing. It employs the finite element method coupled with phase-field fracture/damage models to simulate cracking in linear elastic isotropic and anisotropic materials within a deterministic and probabilistic framework. An experimental testing campaign is conducted on perforated spruce wood samples subjected to uniaxial compression to reproduce the cracking mechanisms observed in real structures, particularly in the connections of high loft beds. An identification procedure is developed and implemented to characterize the elastic and damage properties of spruce wood, in particular by exploiting experimental displacement field measurements obtained through digital image correlation. A method for accelerating phase-field damage simulations is proposed to reduce their high computational cost. This approach allows for the prediction, independently of the type of connections, of the displacement or critical force preceding crack initiation. The numerical results indicate that, provided realistic boundary conditions are applied and the material properties are correctly identified, the crack initiation criterion is useful for predicting the location of potentially damaged/cracked areas and providing a consistent order of magnitude of the force or displacement required to initiate cracking. This criterion only requires a single linear elastic simulation, followed by a post-processing with a phase-field damage model, to facilitate its use in an industrial context, in particular the furniture sector. The numerical tools developed, available in open source, could help furniture manufacturers to predict brittle fracture in wood and optimize furniture design, while guaranteeing compliance with safety standards
Kuljich, Rios Svetka. „Influence du diamètre des billes sur la qualité de surface du bois d'épinette noire produit avec une équarrisseuse-fragmenteuse“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLlavé, Campos Angela Magali. „Effets de l'angle d'attaque, de l'orientation de coupe et de la profondeur de coupe sur les efforts de coupe et la qualité de surface du bois d'épinette noire“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28575/28575.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHakkou, Mohammed. „Procédé de traitement thermique du bois, évolution de la composition chimique et des propriétés macroscopiques : Identification d'un paramètre de contrôle de la durabilité“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is generally accepted that thermal treatment of wood by mild pyrolysis improved its durability to fungal degradation. This improvement is generally explained by 4 hypothesis: the low affinity of heat-treated wood to water, the generation of toxic compounds, the chemical modification of the main wood polymers and the degradation of hemicelluloses. Ln order to confirm or flot the previous hypothesis, the durability of heat-treated beech wood towards Coriolus versicolor was evaluated according to different parameters like mass, wettability or chemical composition. There was insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis for the generation of fungicidal compounds or for the hydrophobie character. The most plausible hypothesis concerns its chemical modifications. Indeed, degradation of hemicelluloses associated to lignin chemical modifications could be at the origin of improved durability. Moreover the results show a good correlation between the weight loss during the treatment and the fungal durability. From this correlation we propose a quality contrai for the thermal treatment
Choux, Chantal. „Conception et réception d'une unité de fabrication de solutions pour nutrition parentérale à l'hôpital“. Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMellouki, Bendim'Red Naoual. „Thyllose et perméabilité du bois des chênes français de tonnellerie“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe tightness of wood sessile and pedunculate oaks in the longitudinal direction depends on the quantity and quality of tylosis. In recent years, an unusually high rate of leak in barrels made was noted. An experimental study was conducted on two barrels leaking and leakage observed resulted in a fine exploration of the pathways of the colored liquid inside the defective staves. We were able to connect a low tylosis with migration of liquid that can be done along the length of a stave. In addition, a special production of staves was conducted to understand the influence of the height in the tree, the cambial age, watering and curing parameters of staves (time, position in the stack) on the permeability and thyllose. It was necessary to develop a method to quantify the tylosis. Two methods are used: The first observation is based on anatomical and ownership of vessels not blocked or partially blocked by tylosis to let light through. The second is to take measurements of air permeability on cylindrical cut in the longitudinal direction. Infradensity of the samples were also measured. The observations in Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to examine the fine structure of tylosis and the presence of spores and mycelial hyphae. The results are analyzed with a software statistical processing of data. We were able to determine the adverse effect of microbiological growth, especially fungi, the longitudinal permeability and the amount of tylosis timber if too long maturation
Havreljuk, Filip. „Évaluation visuelle des arbres feuillus sur pied et valeur des produits transformés“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTemperate deciduous forests of southern Quebec are of great economic importance because they are the main supply source of the appearance wood products industries. However, the difficulty of linking the external characteristics of a tree to the internal quality of its wood creates supply-related uncertainties, since the quality of selected trees for harvest may not correspond to the real needs of these processing industries. The main objective of this study was to improve the supply forecasts of hardwood processing industries by linking the quality assessment of standing trees to their products assortment and their monetary value. One of the most important internal factors affecting the value of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) lumber is the presence of a reddish-brown colored area in the center of the stem called red heartwood. Samples from 12 locations throughout the temperate zone in southern Quebec showed that regional differences in the radial proportion of the colored area in both species were mainly due to factors related to tree development, such as age and radial growth around the colored area. Part of the variability in sugar maple was also associated with the annual minimum temperature of a sampling location. In addition, the study of 64 sugar maple and 32 yellow birch trees that were harvested, bucked into logs and processed into lumber showed that among all defect types that need to be considered for tree marking, visible evidence of fungal infections and cracks had the largest negative influence on value in both species. The analysis of the lumber products assortment showed that the proportion of the best grades increased with the length and the diameter of the logs, so that it was higher at the bottom of the stem. Logs with a large red heartwood area produced more wood of lesser value. Overall, these results link the visual assessment of standing trees to the quality and value of processed products to allow better decision making in the hardwoods supply chain.
Gherardi, Hein Paulo Ricardo. „Contrôle génétique et environnemental de l'angle des microfibrilles dans le bois d'Eucalyptus : effets sur les propriétés du bois et implication pour la sélection“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecelle, Rémi. „Éléments pour l'analyse et le traitement d'images : application à l'estimation de la qualité du bois“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of climate change and its mitigation, the development of the circular bioeconomy, and the resulting increased pressure on the wood resource, one of the priority research areas is to optimize the transformation of this resource, which can be done at different levels. The objective here is to extract information on wood quality from the analysis of cross-sections of logs or logs in the forest or in the sawmill. To estimate this quality, several visible characteristics can be extracted: sapwood and heartwood areas, position of the pith and geometric center, number of tree rings and their width. First, we are interested in the segmentation of the log in the image. This segmentation makes the analysis of other features easier and allows us to locate the geometric center. For this, we propose several approaches. First, classical methods from image processing are discussed, such as the K-Means method or active contours. We also use convolutional neural networks. We show the advantage of neural networks over the other methods. The second estimated feature is the duramen area (more colored central area). We propose a new attention layer for neural networks using the less commonly used mathematical morphology. Attention layers have allowed networks to outperform by focusing on the most relevant information. In our context, this layer has two goals: reduceing the amount of parameters and increasing performance. Our attention layer shows better performances compared to other attention layers. In the third step, we propose to analyze the tree rings. Our method is in three main steps. First, a directional smoothing to enhance the rings ( keeping the edges as well as possible) and reduce both the intra tree rings texture and the saw marks. Then, an adaptive thresholding to segment the areas of potential tree rings. Finally, a second thresholding in order to have the ring limits. From the final segmentation, the analysis of the rings (number, average width, etc.) is made possible. Finally, the estimation of the pith position is addressed. We propose a new original approach based on the ant colony algorithm to estimate the location of the pith. Using this approach allows to skip a usual step, namely the way to accumulate normals at the tree ring tangents. Our method shows many advantages compared to state-of-the-art approaches, including neural networks. In a last part, we will present a work in discrete geometry: a directional filter. It estimates the maximal digital straight segments at any point of a connected set. This work is intended to be applied to estimate some tree ring features
Almecija, Benjamin. „Apports des connaissances métiers pour la conception d'un système multi-capteurs de tri qualité Billon“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0264.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study takes place in the frame of a university/industry convention between the CRAN and Siat-Braun sawmill. Sawmill transformation process is divided in two parts. First, the log yard cuts down stem in logs (round timber with standard length) which are sorted out in homogeneous batches by dimensions and quality. Then, the sawing line transforms those logs in end products sorted out by dimensions and quality too. The qualitative sort out of log has a direct impact on sold product quality, so sawmills try to optimize this production step in order to reduce the product downgrading rate. In this goal, Siat-Braun sawmill invested in a new log yard. This study contributes to the development and the commissioning of this system dedicated to log Quality sort out. The first chapter of this thesis places the project into wood industry then explicates sawmill constraints and needs in term of Quality. A literature review points out different observation systems allowing measurement of wood characteristics in order to make a product and log quality rankings. Observation system chosen by our industrial partner is then presented. The objective of the second chapter is to clarify and defines Log Quality to the new log yard. This quality notion being held by the sorting operator, we suggested extract, formalize and model this knowledge using NIAM-ORM method. This method allowed obtaining two structured ontologies: the Log Quality and the Product Quality which we used in the chapter three in order to underlying 50 links between both qualities usually tackle separately. This study allowed also extracting 34 relevant criteria to specify Log Quality in 9 classes, regarding Product Quality. In addition, knowledge model analysis gives an initial set up to the first commissioning of the Observation system (input criteria, output classes, decision thresholds). This set up is so proven during system exploitation. The first tests on end products and data processing delivered by the sensor are used to validate and refine the set up to improve the log sort out regarding the obtained product quality. So, this study allowed capitalizing Expert knowledge of the project actors and then, obtaining a relevant initial configuration of the sort system for the first use. First analysis allowed improving Log Quality sort out system set up. In a near future, we want to go deeper in analysis of data given by the system in order to improve relevant criteria selection
Almecija, Benjamin. „Apports des connaissances métiers pour la conception d'un système multi-capteurs de tri qualité Billon“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0264/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study takes place in the frame of a university/industry convention between the CRAN and Siat-Braun sawmill. Sawmill transformation process is divided in two parts. First, the log yard cuts down stem in logs (round timber with standard length) which are sorted out in homogeneous batches by dimensions and quality. Then, the sawing line transforms those logs in end products sorted out by dimensions and quality too. The qualitative sort out of log has a direct impact on sold product quality, so sawmills try to optimize this production step in order to reduce the product downgrading rate. In this goal, Siat-Braun sawmill invested in a new log yard. This study contributes to the development and the commissioning of this system dedicated to log Quality sort out. The first chapter of this thesis places the project into wood industry then explicates sawmill constraints and needs in term of Quality. A literature review points out different observation systems allowing measurement of wood characteristics in order to make a product and log quality rankings. Observation system chosen by our industrial partner is then presented. The objective of the second chapter is to clarify and defines Log Quality to the new log yard. This quality notion being held by the sorting operator, we suggested extract, formalize and model this knowledge using NIAM-ORM method. This method allowed obtaining two structured ontologies: the Log Quality and the Product Quality which we used in the chapter three in order to underlying 50 links between both qualities usually tackle separately. This study allowed also extracting 34 relevant criteria to specify Log Quality in 9 classes, regarding Product Quality. In addition, knowledge model analysis gives an initial set up to the first commissioning of the Observation system (input criteria, output classes, decision thresholds). This set up is so proven during system exploitation. The first tests on end products and data processing delivered by the sensor are used to validate and refine the set up to improve the log sort out regarding the obtained product quality. So, this study allowed capitalizing Expert knowledge of the project actors and then, obtaining a relevant initial configuration of the sort system for the first use. First analysis allowed improving Log Quality sort out system set up. In a near future, we want to go deeper in analysis of data given by the system in order to improve relevant criteria selection
Beritognolo, Isacco. „Caractérisation moléculaire et biochimique de la formation du bois de coeur chez le noyer noir (Juglans nigra L. ) : accumulation des flavonoi͏̈des et expression des gènes contrôlant leur biosynthèse“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0260_BERITOGNOLO.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllard, Julie. „Qualité de l'air dans la Vallée de l'Arve : météorologie locale et mesures des réductions des émissions liées au chauffage au bois“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiomass burning, particularly residential wood burning, is a source of atmospheric particles that contributes significantly to winter PM10 levels globally in Europe. In order to reduce emissions from this source, a large-scale program for the renewal of non-efficient wood-burning appliances, the “Fonds Air Bois” has been launched since 2013 in the Arve Valley. The assessment of its impact on atmospheric concentrations is an issue for future air quality management policies. The research DECOMBIO program (2013-2018) has been proposed to evaluate the impact of this operation on PM10 concentrations from measurements. This DECOMBIO program, which includes these thesis works, was based on the confrontation during 4 winters of continuous measurements of PM10 resulting from biomass burning (noted PM10wb), weather conditions, and emissions variations related to appliances renewal. To answer this challenge, the aim of this thesis was to develop methods to take into account the influence of atmospheric conditions on winter PM10 concentrations and to evaluate the parameters and uncertainties that make it possible to compare the estimated PM10wb emission variations with those of the measured PM10wb concentrations during the 4 winters.This work was based on large datasets of chemical and meteorological measurements made during 4 winters (13-14 to 16-17) at 3 sites in the Arve Valley. In addition, the technical data from wood appliances renewal files was provided to us, allowing us to spatially and temporally estimated reductions of PM10wb emissions from these appliances replacements. The state of atmospheric stability, an essential parameter for determining episodes of temperature inversions, has been continuously monitored thanks to an inexpensive system of sheltered temperature sensors installed along the slopes. These measurements have shown that local weather conditions in these valleys are the primary factor conditioning atmospheric concentrations. An automatic weather types classification has been established, making it possible to overcome this variability and to compare the concentrations for similar atmospheric conditions between the different winters. The innovation of this approach is mainly based on taking into account the degree of influence of meteorological variables and parameters related to the intensity of emissions. A gradual decrease of PM10wb concentrations during winters was thus observed at the 3 sites for certain weather types, a result consolidated by the concomitant decrease in tracer biomass combustion at the mass of PM10. To clarify these results, we were interested in estimating the reduction of PM10 emissions from device replacements at measurement sites and their uncertainties.At the end of this work and of the DECOMBIO program, we have been able to develop and validate several methodological tools applicable in the evaluation of future “fonds air bois” (use of sensors along the slopes, meteorological classification adapted to the quality of the air, estimation of uncertainties on wood appliances renewable emissions). This solid foundation has allowed us to better understand the measurements made on atmospheric PM, and their relationship to emission estimates
Aubert, Monique. „Recherche de relations entre caractéristiques simples du bois de chêne rouge (quercus rubra l. ) mesurées par voie non destructive et deux de ses propriétés technologiques : Stabilité dimensionnelle des planches et qualité des placages d'ébénisterie“. Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePurba, Citra Yanto Ciki. „Characterization and valorization of secondary quality hardwood as structural material“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo improve the value of secondary quality hardwood, it is important to understand its wood properties and optimize its mechanical properties. The variability of some structural, physical and mechanical properties of wood from beech and oak trees issued from thinning was studied. Logs from these trees were rotary peeled in three different veneer thicknesses (2.1, 3, and 4.2 mm). Veneer quality was assessed by measuring the veneer knot proportion and checking properties. The mechanical properties of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) made from these veneers were measured using the static and dynamic method. Juvenile wood in both species is concentrated in a very small area near the pith thus there will be no or low part juvenile wood peeled. The wood mechanical and physical properties of both species were strongly influenced by the wood density. The 3 mm thick veneer provided the optimal mechanical properties for LVL for both species. Such mechanical properties are comparable to LVL made with other hardwood species. The internal veneer provided LVL with higher density, but lower mechanical properties as a result of its higher proportion of knots
Chaouch, Mounir. „Effet de l'intensité du traitement sur la composition élémentaire et la durabilité du bois traité thermiquement : développement d'un marqueur de prédiction de la résistance aux champignons basidiomycètes“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThermal treatment has been used to improve properties of non durable European species. Chemical modification of some of the wood components provides improved dimensional stability and biological performance against decay fungi while mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture are reduced. Quality control of commercially made thermally treated wood is one of the major road blocks of its industrial development. The variability inherent within a wood species and between wood species, density and chemical compositions variation combined with the heat treatment parameters such as temperature duration and levels contribute to the production of heterogeneous heat treated wood. The development of a heat treatment process by conduction which monitors the weight changes during the process will facilitate and help in controlling, in understanding and predicting the properties of heat treated wood. Data collected from a pilot study of heat treated wood using conditions similar to commercial process show that hardwood species were more susceptible to thermal degradation as compared to softwood. It was also established that wood chemical composition is directly connected to the percent of weight loss due to thermodegradation, allowing the use of chemical composition to predict fungi durability. Carbon and oxygen contents and/or oxygen to carbon ratio of heat treated wood can be therefore used as valuable markers to develop quality control assessment of heat treated wood
Purba, Citra Yanto Ciki. „Characterization and valorization of secondary quality hardwood as structural material“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo improve the value of secondary quality hardwood, it is important to understand its wood properties and optimize its mechanical properties. The variability of some structural, physical and mechanical properties of wood from beech and oak trees issued from thinning was studied. Logs from these trees were rotary peeled in three different veneer thicknesses (2.1, 3, and 4.2 mm). Veneer quality was assessed by measuring the veneer knot proportion and checking properties. The mechanical properties of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) made from these veneers were measured using the static and dynamic method. Juvenile wood in both species is concentrated in a very small area near the pith thus there will be no or low part juvenile wood peeled. The wood mechanical and physical properties of both species were strongly influenced by the wood density. The 3 mm thick veneer provided the optimal mechanical properties for LVL for both species. Such mechanical properties are comparable to LVL made with other hardwood species. The internal veneer provided LVL with higher density, but lower mechanical properties as a result of its higher proportion of knots
Dahbi, Radouan. „Conception d’une chaîne de traitements pour la segmentation texture d’images multimodales de pièces de bois en chêne. Application à la détection des singularités et la discrimination du grain du bois“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this CIFRE thesis, associating CRAN and CRITT Bois for the ANR-OPTIFIN project, contributes to the development of an image processing chain for the texture segmentation of multimodal images of sawn oak timber pieces. The idea is to combine multimodal acquisition techniques in visible and near-infrared (NIR) range with texture analysis methods using covariance matrices and texture segmentation methods in the Riemannian manifold, for the detection of singularities and discrimination of wood grain. In the first chapter, we present a state of the art on automated inspection of wood pieces; with a special focus on hardwood species (e.g. oak) for which inspection is still an open problem. The second chapter deals with the implementation of the multimodal imagery platform (PIM) and the calibration of color, grayscale, direct and scatter images in the visible range and abundance maps, obtained from NIR hyperspectral images. We propose an original methodology for the scatter images by optimizing the acquisition parameters on sawn oak timber pieces. The third chapter concerns the study of the registration of monomodal and multimodal images and the application of a method for the suppression of their background. In the fourth chapter, we propose a texture analysis methodology based on the fusion of multimodal images and/or their textural images (LBP, nriLBP, GLCM and Gradient) by covariance matrices. We exploit the covariance matrices by K-means clustering andk-ppv supervised classification methods, extended to the Riemannian case, for segmentation. In the last chapter, we present results ensuring a relevant and fast segmentation of the covariance matrices. They are obtained after having determined the best parameters for the K-means setting. The clustering results show that the use of multimodal images alone leads to an optimal segmentation of compact singularities. They also show the importance of integrating textural images in the modality sets to obtain a better segmentation of regional type singularities. For wood grain, an efficient segmentation is obtained by using only textural images. Finally, we propose to apply k-ppv in the Riemannian manifold on the selected modalities to obtain a more accurate segmentation