Dissertationen: „Metoda SMART“

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Uheríková, Eliška. „Smart City objekty a jejich oceňování“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316946.

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The diploma thesis focuses on specification of standard type buildings and Smart City buildings differences. Thesis also contain a history part of individual buildings category, including their specification. The aim of thesis is to determine designs for changes of building valuation in Smart City standard. Theoretical part contains basic definition and limitation of terms from civil engineering branch and structural types, summary of historical development of houses and evaluation by cost method, most common used experience. Practical part is focused on calculation. According real houses cost of three detached houses in Smart standard, there are calculated new price ratio which enter into cost method valuation. Their effectiveness is verified together with newly design adaptation of cost method valuation on next five detached houses in Smart standard.

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Baranyiová, Lucie. „Zhodnocení finanční situace podniku a návrh na financování reklamních aktivit“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443143.

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This diploma thesis entitled "Evaluation of the financial situation of the company and a proposal for financing advertising activities" deals with the processing of the evaluation of the current financial situation of the company using financial analysis tools. With the help of this evaluation, the steps for the implementation and financing of advertising steps are subsequently processed.

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Aleksandar, Stanisavljević. „Nova metoda detekcije propada napona u mreži sa distribuiranim generatorima“. Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110015&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je predstavljena je nova metoda zadetekciju propada napona, zasnovana na Rekurentnojneuronskoj mreži i analizi u harmonijskom domenu. Metoda jenamenjena za primenu u savremenim distributivnim mrežamakoje sadrže obnovljive izvore, i u skladu sa tim je optimizovana itestirana. Pametna metoda postiže izuzetne rezultate u brzinidetekcije, sa prosečnim vremenom detekcije manjim od 1 ms, uzizuzetnu pouzdanost (preko 97%). U doktorskoj disertacijidokazana je i druga hipoteza, a to je da je moguće predvidetidubinu propada algoritmom zasnovanim na harmonijskoj analizi.
In this PhD thesis, a novel method for the detection of voltage dips(sags), based on the Recurrent Neural Network and analysis in thefrequency domain, is presented. The method is intended for use inthe modern distribution grids that contains renewable sources, andaccordingly it is optimized and tested. The smart method achievesexceptional results in detection speed, with an average detectiontime of less than 1 ms and with high reliability (over 97%). In thePhD thesis, another hypothesis is proved, which claims that ispossible to predict the depth of dip with algorithm based on theharmonic analysis.

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Černá, Kristýna. „Studie příležitosti a studie proveditelnosti“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205503.

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The theme of this master´s thesis is a feasibility analysis of planned construction of an enviromentally friendly hotel in the Czech context on the example of Yves Rocher company. The reason for choosing this topic is my interest in the enviromental pro-tection and an effort to point out the advantages of implementing the principles of enviromentally aware into the company´s own strategy. The thesis focuses on the interests of potential clientele and the level of viability of the future accommodation facility with the goal of verifying whether there is realistically a chance of profitability of a project involving the construction of an enviromentally friendly hotel in the Czech enviroment. A complete analysis is carried out during the pre-stage to determine the above mentioned aspects and it´s main focus is an opportunity study and feasibility study. Public opinion data was gathered using a survey among 160 independent respondents. SLEPT analysis was used for a detailed analysis of the external environment of the enviromentally friendly hotel. It´s technical functionality allows detailed characterization of each segment including the impacts that any action in those given segments can have. These impacts can be a key indicator for establishing the required market stability. The SWOT analysis was used for the final summary of the gathered results. This summary was then implemented in the Logical Framework approach with the goal of final recapitulation of the project´s design.

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Ontlová, Veronika. „Návrh projektu a využití metodiky projektového managementu pro vybranou akci“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386759.

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Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na praktické využití metod projektového managementu pro návrh řešení projektu Okruhové Dny. Práce je nejprve zaměřena na specifikaci teoretických poznatků dané problematiky, načež navazuje analýzou současného prostředí firmy. Na základě těchto výstupů a specifik je posléze vytvořen i samotný návrh řešení projektu. Cílem této magisterské práce je vytvořit podrobný popis a plán projektu, který slouží zejména ke zkvalitnění projektového řízení ve firmě, jakožto projektu samého.

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Baranyiová, Lucie. „Návrh reklamních strategie v pohostinství - komparativní studie pro ČR a Irsko“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449774.

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This diploma thesis entitled "Design of Promotion Strategie in the Hospitality Industry - a Comparable Study for the Czech Republic and Ireland" addresses strategic practices in different countries and further applies them. The aim was to assess whether it is possible to apply the same advertising procedures as in Ireland at domestic country. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of a semi-structured interview with a Irish resident working in the hospitality industry and a questionnaire survey which took place in the Czech Republic. In the conclusion the are formulated specific steps inspired by Ireland which can be applied in the Czech Republic.

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Kršák, Martin. „Optimalizace procesů v logistice s podporou vizualizace“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403163.

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The master thesis aims to design, implement, and compare algorithms that optimize processes in logistics, mainly in the planning phase. Heuristics and approximation genetic algorithms will find an near-optimal solution to NP-hard problem, such as the traveling salesman problem, with a delay less than several hours. The role of this algorithm is to plan an efficient route for garbage trucks that collect and distribute large-scale waste to waste yards in a specific city. The goal of the optimization is to minimize the shipping costs.

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Al-Ogaili, Rasha, und Zaid Al-Ogaili. „A Study on the Transition of the Adaptive into Responsive Web Design Methods on Smart Devices“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-61204.

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In the fast-paced technological revolution, technology has formed itself differently to facilitate the way to users to get their needs. As a matter of fact, people nowadays rely to a great extent on the smart devices as one of the essential creations of technology. They tend to access any website or web-application(s) through these devices fast and easily. Thus, paying enough attention to the design of any website or web-application is a major issue. This thesis project discusses the Responsive and Adaptive Design Methods as two important methods in terms of Websites and Web-Design. The methods have been theoretically discussed and explained to present the essential differences between them. Moreover, MyMusiC website has been implemented to show the differences between these methods practically. The prominent difference between the Responsive and Adaptive de-signs of the website makes it easy for the users to figure out the difference between the two design methods in terms of accessibility and ease of navigation. The results showed that the Responsive design is more user-friendly and more preferred by the users than the Adaptive design, as the users tend to use their smart devices first when they want to access a website than the computers.

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Bylund, Kristoffer. „Elnätsautomation i distibutionsnätet : Feldetektering och fjärrstyrning som metoder att förbättre leveranssäkerheten i elnätet“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149406.

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Att öka leveranskvaliteten i sina elnät är något som varje nätbolag strävar mot. En metod att göra detta kan vara att utrusta nätstationer i mellanspänningsnätet med feldetektering och fjärrstyrning för snabbare felsökning och sektionering vid fel. I denna studie har dessa möjligheter utretts och även de potentiella vinsterna i kortare avbrottstider mätt i indikatorn SAIDI. Studien har resulterat i ett förslag för fortsatt investering i feldetektering och fjärrstyrning i Umeå Energis elnät. Den metod som använts är att beräkna SAIDI för det värsta felscenariot för varje matande linje som tittats på, både med och utan elnätsautomation. Det förslag som tagits fram har utgått ifrån de enskilda matningarna förutsättningar vad gäller kundantal, antal nätstationer och nättopologi och har sedan jämförts med två standardalternativ, med detektering i samtliga nätstationer samt detektering i mitten av linjen. Resultatet visar att det förslag som lämnats till Umeå Energi har potential att sänka det summerade SAIDI-värdet vid värsta felscenario från 37 minuter till 10 minuter i de matningar som undersökts. Detta till en kostnad av mindre än två miljoner kronor, eller en kostnad per potentiellt minskad SAIDI-minut på ca. 70 000 kr. Studien har tittat på 16 matande linjer med totalt ca. 17 000 kunder.

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Musalam, Dina, und Paulina Nicodemus. „Security and Privacy methods in Smart Home: Case Study in Smart Meters“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20273.

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Homes with integrated state of the art technology are considered Smart Homes. A smart home has special systems which enable remote control via remote computer or smart phones. These modern integrated services are supported by electrical power infrastructures called Smart Grids, which provides a stable electrical power environment to support all functionalities, with intelligent power systems that provide increased power quality. Inside a Smart home, a legacy metering system called Smart Meters are installed offering new functionalities such as remote readings of power consumption, and different time usage of tariffs.Preliminary research has already indicated vulnerability attacks on smart meters which affect the security and privacy in smart meters. Security issues in this system include vulnerabilities and privacy issues includes information leakage in real-time consumption data that is recorded by the smart meters.Enhancing both security and privacy in the smart meters are the main purpose of this thesis. The principle goal of this research is to provide more understanding about the smart meters from a security and privacy perspective. This thesis investigates issues and problems in smart meters and proposes a secure communication protocol in the application layer, in addition to a proof-of-concept of the final solution. In this research we introduce the solution by means of two scenarios, we highlight the effects of an attack on the smart meters on levels of simulation and theory. The first scenario is to "take control over the smart meter to access the data consumptions in the smart meters". The proposed solution of using the Smart Phone as a third part to protect the smart meters has been evaluated using a network simulation tool. The result shows that the data captured by attacking node is encrypted and can't be used for any useful operation. In the second scenario, "monitoring the data consumptions to harm the user's privacy", in other words, stealing the user's devices. The proposed solution is using the home electrical power routing to moderate the home's load signature in order to hide appliance usage information. Data clusters are implemented as a proof of concept to evaluate the data. The results show that there is only 99.5 % correct clustered data with good quality.

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Steins, Dax. „Smart technology for telerehabilitation : a smart device inertial-sensing method for gait analysis“. Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2016. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/adbc3997-d0bf-46ce-b72f-e6e616d204ec/1/.

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The aim of this work was to develop and validate an iPod Touch (4th generation) as a potential ambulatory monitoring system for clinical and non-clinical gait analysis. This thesis comprises four interrelated studies, the first overviews the current available literature on wearable accelerometry-based technology (AT) able to assess mobility-related functional activities in subjects with neurological conditions in home and community settings. The second study focuses on the detection of time-accurate and robust gait features from a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the lower back, establishing a reference framework in the process. The third study presents a simple step length algorithm for straight-line walking and the fourth and final study addresses the accuracy of an iPod’s inertial-sensing capabilities, more specifically, the validity of an inertial-sensing method (integrated in an iPod) to obtain time-accurate vertical lower trunk displacement measures. The systematic review revealed that present research primarily focuses on the development of accurate methods able to identify and distinguish different functional activities. While these are important aims, much of the conducted work remains in laboratory environments, with relatively little research moving from the “bench to the bedside.” This review only identified a few studies that explored AT’s potential outside of laboratory settings, indicating that clinical and real-world research significantly lags behind its engineering counterpart. In addition, AT methods are largely based on machine-learning algorithms that rely on a feature selection process. However, extracted features depend on the signal output being measured, which is seldom described. It is, therefore, difficult to determine the accuracy of AT methods without characterizing gait signals first. Furthermore, much variability exists among approaches (including the numbers of body-fixed sensors and sensor locations) to obtain useful data to analyze human movement. From an end-user’s perspective, reducing the amount of sensors to one instrument that is attached to a single location on the body would greatly simplify the design and use of the system. With this in mind, the accuracy of formerly identified or gait events from a single IMU attached to the lower trunk was explored. The study’s analysis of the trunk’s vertical and anterior-posterior acceleration pattern (and of their integrands) demonstrates, that a combination of both signals may provide more nuanced information regarding a person’s gait cycle, ultimately permitting more clinically relevant gait features to be extracted. Going one step further, a modified step length algorithm based on a pendulum model of the swing leg was proposed. By incorporating the trunk’s anterior-posterior displacement, more accurate predictions of mean step length can be made in healthy subjects at self-selected walking speeds. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm estimates step length with errors less than 3% (mean error of 0.80 ± 2.01cm). The performance of this algorithm, however, still needs to be verified for those suffering from gait disturbances. Having established a referential framework for the extraction of temporal gait parameters as well as an algorithm for step length estimations from one instrument attached to the lower trunk, the fourth and final study explored the inertial-sensing capabilities of an iPod Touch. With the help of Dr. Ian Sheret and Oxford Brookes’ spin-off company ‘Wildknowledge’, a smart application for the iPod Touch was developed. The study results demonstrate that the proposed inertial-sensing method can reliably derive lower trunk vertical displacement (intraclass correlations ranging from .80 to .96) with similar agreement measurement levels to those gathered by a conventional inertial sensor (small systematic error of 2.2mm and a typical error of 3mm). By incorporating the aforementioned methods, an iPod Touch can potentially serve as a novel ambulatory monitor system capable of assessing gait in clinical and non-clinical environments.

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Karnaushenko, Dmitriy D. „Compact Helical Antenna for Smart Implant Applications“. Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-230942.

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Medical devices have made a big step forward in the past decades. One of the most noticeable medical events of the twenties century was the development of long-lasting, wireless electronic implants such as identification tags, pacemakers and neuronal stimulators. These devices were only made possible after the development of small scale radio frequency electronics. Small radio electronic circuits provided a way to operate in both transmission and reception mode allowing an implant to communicate with an external world from inside a living organism. Bidirectional communication is a vital feature that has been increasingly implemented in similar systems to continuously record biological parameters, to remotely configure the implant, or to wirelessly stimulate internal organs. Further miniaturisation of implantable devices to make the operation of the device more comfortable for the patient requires rethinking of the whole radio system concept making it both power efficient and of high performance. Nowadays, high data throughput, large bandwidth, and long term operation requires new radio systems to operate at UHF (ultra-high frequency) bands as this is the most suitable for implantable applications. For instance, the MICS (Medical Implant Communication System) band was introduced for the communication with implantable devices. However, this band could only enable communication at low data rates. This was acceptable for the transmission of telemetry data such as heart beat rate, respiratory and temperature with sub Mbps rates. Novel developments such as neuronal and prosthetic implants require significantly higher data rates more than 10 Mbps that can be achieved with large bandwidth communicating systems operating at higher frequencies in a GHz range. Higher operating frequency would also resolve a strong issue of MICS devices, namely the scale of implants defined by dimensions of antennas used at this band. Operation at 2.4 GHz ISM band was recognized to be the most adequate as it has a moderate absorption in the human body providing a compromise between an antenna/implant scale and a total power efficiency of the communicating system. This thesis addresses a key challenge of implantable radio communicating systems namely an efficient and small scale antenna design which allows a high yield fabrication in a microelectronic fashion. It was demonstrated that a helical antenna design allows the designer to precisely tune the operating frequency, input impedance, and bandwidth by changing the geometry of a self-assembled 3D structure defined by an initial 2D planar layout. Novel stimuli responsive materials were synthesized, and the rolled-up technology was explored for fabrication of 5.5-mm-long helical antenna arrays operating in ISM bands at 5.8 and 2.4 GHz. Characterization and various applications of the fabricated antennas are successfully demonstrated in the thesis.

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Haneberg, Dominik. „Sicherheit von Smart-Card-Anwendungen /“. Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016072399&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Torrent-Fontbona, Ferran. „Optimisation methods meet the smart grid. New methods for solving location and allocation problems under the smart grid paradigm“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/301440.

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The smart grid offers a new infrastructure for the management of energy demand and generation towards a sustainable future. Accordingly, there is the objective to provide consumers with a response capacity to stimuli of the electricity market, and at the same time, to efficiently manage the generation system which tends to a diversification of the generators and the energy sources. For that purpose, this thesis is first focused on providing to consumers methods for managing their energy consumption and then reducing costs according to their production activities. Next, this thesis focuses on electricity generation, tackling the problem of how to share out energy production among a set of distributed generators using self-organisation. Finally, it tackles the problem of planning the placement of new generators suing meta-heuristics.
La xarxa elèctrica intel·ligent ofereix una nova infraestructura per a la gestió de la demanda i generació d'electricitat cap a un futur més sostenible. En aquest sentit, hi ha l'objectiu de proveir els consumidors de capacitat de reacció davant d'estímuls del mercat elèctric i, al mateix temps, gestionar de forma eficient un sistema de generació que tendeix cap a una diversificació. Amb aquest objectiu, aquesta tesi primer es centra a desenvolupar mètodes perquè els consumidors puguin gestionar els seus consums i així també reduir-ne els costos d'acord amb les seves activitats de producció. Posteriorment, la tesi es centra en la generació elèctrica abordant el problema de com repartir la producció d'energia d'entre un conjunt de generadors distribuïts utilitzant mètodes auto-organitzatius. Finalment, s'aborda la planificació de nous generadors utilitzant mètodes metaheurístics.

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Lundgren, Tony, und Wenjia Xu. „Evaluation of Privacy-Preserving Methods for Smart Grids“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200607.

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Ibrahim, Hany. „Evaluation methods for market models used in smart grids“. Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104541.

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Skillbäck, Mikael, und Hany Ibrahim. „Evaluation Methods for Market Models Used in Smart Grids“. Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104912.

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The European Union has set environmental targets on climate change in three areas: energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, and reduction of emissions. These targets are the main driver for the change in today’s power system. The defined targets do not only affect the production and distribution of electricity but also raise questions on how electricity is being consumed. An essential building block of an efficient power system is often referred to as the smart grid. One of the important components of a smart grid is dynamic market models that facilitate demand response. Residential customers account for a relatively large portion of the total electricity consumption in Europe but relatively little is known about dynamic market models used in the residential sector. Pilot projects concerning dynamic market models have been conducted, but there is a lack of common evaluation methods to assess them. This report investigates how pilot projects concerning demand response can be evaluated and presents a compilation of 135 international pilot projects and their results. The evaluations methods and findings from the international compilation are then applied to assess the proposed dynamic market model for the Stockholm Royal Seaport. Four evaluation criterions have been identified. The first relates to the demand response resource that is being studied and its impact on the results of the pilot project. Secondly, design principles of the pilot project must be considered. Thirdly, the division of costs and benefits among stakeholders must be calculated. Lastly, the precision of these measures must be taken into consideration. The compilation of international pilot projects reveals that dynamic markets models are often combined with modern technology. Combinations of market models, feedback and technology have an impact on overall electricity conservation and peak reduction. The reductions also depend on what electrical appliances are being used by the household members and their willingness to change their behavior. Customer acceptance is generally large among participants in pilot projects concerning dynamic market models. The hypothesis for the Stockholm Royal Seaport, in which five to fifteen percent of the load can be shifted from peak hours to off-peak hours with the proposed market model for the Stockholm Royal Seaport, is estimated to be reasonable. Load shift would lead to savings in the range between 64 – 266 SEK per year, which accounts for 1 – 4 % in bill savings. If the proposed dynamic market model is compared to fixed one month contracts, which includes retail price and fixed network tariffs, the bill savings were estimated to have been 563-766 SEK in year 2010. This corresponds to bill savings in the range of 8 – 11 %. Keywords: Smart grid, demand response, market model, evaluation methods for pilot projects, Stockholm Royal Seaport

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Mohammadi, Javad. „Distributed Computational Methods for Energy Management in Smart Grids“. Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/710.

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It is expected that the grid of the future differs from the current system by the increased integration of distributed generation, distributed storage, demand response, power electronics, and communications and sensing technologies. The consequence is that the physical structure of the system becomes significantly more distributed. The existing centralized control structure is not suitable any more to operate such a highly distributed system. This thesis is dedicated to providing a promising solution to a class of energy management problems in power systems with a high penetration of distributed resources. This class includes optimal dispatch problems such as optimal power flow, security constrained optimal dispatch, optimal power flow control and coordinated plug-in electric vehicles charging. Our fully distributed algorithm not only handles the computational complexity of the problem, but also provides a more practical solution for these problems in the emerging smart grid environment. This distributed framework is based on iteratively solving in a distributed fashion the first order optimality conditions associated with the optimization formulations. A multi-agent viewpoint of the power system is adopted, in which at each iteration, every network agent updates a few local variables through simple computations, and exchanges information with neighboring agents. Our proposed distributed solution is based on the consensus+innovations framework, in which the consensus term enforces agreement among agents while the innovations updates ensure that local constraints are satisfied.

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Paliulionienė, Eugenija. „Aplinkosaugos priemonių daugiakriterinis vertinimas“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20141223_181740-11835.

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Vis sunkiau tampa aplinką matuoti vienu kriterijumi ir matu, keliami daugialypiai tikslai. Naudos ir kaštų analizė tampa ribota, tad aplinkosaugos sprendimų procese pradedama taikyti daugiakriterinį vertinimą, kai derinami ekonominiai, aplinkosauginiai, socialiniai, etiniai ir kt. kriterijai. Darbo objektas – aplinkosauginės priemonės. Darbo tikslas - atlikti aplinkosauginių priemonių daugiakriterinį vertinimą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) išnagrinėti aplinkosaugines priemones, jų klasifikavimą ir pasirinkimo kriterijus; 2) išnagrinėti aplinkosauginių priemonių vertinimo prasmę ir metodus; 3) išanalizuoti aplinkosaugines priemones taikomas Baltijos valstybėse.4) nustatyti aplinkosauginių priemonių pasirinkimo kriterijų svarbą; 5) nustatyti kriterijų porinio palyginimo matricos suderinamumo indeksus, konkordancijos koeficientą , jo reikšmingumą χ2 ir kritinę reikšmę . 6) nustatyti aplinkosauginių priemonių naudingumą. AHP metodu buvo nustatyta, kad teisingumo kriterijus yra pats reikšmingiausias, toliau eina konkurentiškumas, tiesioginis indėlis šiltnamio dujų emisijos sumažinimui, kaštų efektyvumas, lankstumas, administracinis ir finansinis įvykdomumas. Nereikšmingiausiu kriterijumi laikomi netiesioginiai aplinkosauginiai padariniai. Apskaičiavus konkordancijos koeficientą , jo reikšmingumą χ2 ir kritinę reikšmę , paaiškėjo, kad ekspertų nuomonė ranguojant kriterijus buvo suderinta. SMART metodu buvo nustatytas aplinkosauginių priemonių naudingumas. Naudingiausia priemone... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
It is becoming increasingly difficult to evaluate environment in a single criterion, through one single facet. The benefit-cost analysis is becoming limited, so multi - criterion evaluation involving economic, environmental, social, ethical criterion is applied to environmental decision making process. The subject of the study is environmental instruments. The aim of this paper is to do a multi - criterion evaluation of environmental instruments. In order to reach the aim targets have been chosen: 1) to analyze environmental instruments, their classification and choice of criteria; 2) to analyze the meaning and methods of multi – criterion evaluation of environmental instruments; 3) to analyze the use of environmental instruments in Baltic States; 4) to identify the importance of choice of criteria of environmental instruments; 5) to calculate consistency index of criteria matrix and concordance rate, its value χ2 and critical value ; 6) to calculate the utility of environmental instruments. Using AHP method it was found that the equity was the most important criterion, then goes competitiveness, direct contribution to GHG emission reductions, cost efficiency, flexibility, administrative feasibility, financial feasibility and indirect environmental effects. The concordance rate, its value χ2 and critical value showed that criteria ranking process of experts were consistent. The SMART method showed the most valuable environmental instruments. The most valuable... [to full text]

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Chau, Eric T. F. „Comparative study of joining methods for a SMART aerospace application“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7033.

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The adaptive serrated nozzle (ASN) is one of the most promising concepts to help reduce the noise level generated by aero-engines. Shear between a hot air stream and ambient air at the nozzle exit creates noise. The serrated nozzle is designed to protrude into the air stream causing mixing between the two air streams reducing the noise level. Adaptive control system using shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators deploy the protrusion only when required in order to maximise fuel efficiency. The successful joining of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to the titanium parent structure is critical to the development of the adaptive serrated nozzle. However, joining of SMAs to dissimilar metals is widely known as extremely difficult if not impossible. This research provides a preliminary study into the potential of using SMAs in large engineering applications such as the ASN and the development of viable joining methods for joining SMA to titanium based alloy. Five most favourable conventional joining methods were selected for experimental investigation. Results proved that the successful joining of SMA to dissimilar alloys was extremely difficult, joint failures were mainly due to the formation of brittle intermetallics at joint interfaces. The formation of these intermetallics occurs irrespective of the type of joining method and level of heat input employed. However, it has been shown that the formation of these intermetallics can be suppressed by the manipulation of the joint composition. A marked improvement in joint performance has been achieved for joints that contained no more than 25 at% nickel. Joint improvement has also been achieved through the addition of titanium at the joint, although further research is necessary to investigate the effect of titanium addition to joint performance.

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CORREIA, WEULES FERNANDES. „INCLUSION OF STATISTICAL METHODS AS BILLING SUPPORT OF SMART METERS“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35304@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A sociedade está vivendo em uma época de forte convergência tecnológica, onde novas tecnologias são descobertas e extintas em um prazo cada vez menor. Esta revolução tecnológica também já chegou para o setor de infraestrutura de distribuição de energia que são as Redes Elétricas Inteligentes, sendo o medidor inteligente o principal equipamento desta revolução. Apesar da evolução do parque de medidores brasileiros, a regulação comercial não acompanhou esta modernização e continua tendo como referência o sistema de medição convencional com a atuação de leituristas e não considerando as oportunidades de usar dados de consumo, mesmo que não sejam da data do faturamento nos casos de falhas de transmissão da informação e aplicação de ferramentas estatísticas para estimação no faturamento. Neste contexto, esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar as regras regulatórias de faturamento considerando as ausências de leituras, propor uma nova metodologia para definir como realizar o faturamento na ausência de leituras considerando consumos anteriores e usar ferramentas estatísticas para a definição do valor a ser faturado. A metodologia pode ser dividida em duas fases: (i) imputação de dados faltantes na base de dados decorrentes de possíveis erros de transmissão dos medidores; (ii) previsão do consumo de energia elétrica por cliente. O presente trabalho cumpriu os objetivos aos quais se propôs e apresentou uma alternativa promissora para o faturamento com medidores inteligentes e que utilize tecnologias de comunicação de baixo custo e que possam apresentar uma efetividade de medição abaixo da ideal, no caso, 100 por cento.
Society is living in a time of strong technological convergence, where new technologies are discovered and extinguished in an ever shorter time frame. This technological revolution has also arrived for the energy distribution infrastructure with the Smart Grid, in which the smart meter being the main equipment of this revolution. Despite the evolution of the Brazilian meter park, the commercial regulation did not go along with this modernization and continues with reference to the conventional metering system and not considering the opportunities to use consumption data comes from out of the billing date, in cases of data transmission failures, being thus possible use statistical tools for billing estimation. In this context, this dissertation aims to evaluate the regulatory rules of billing considering the absences of readings, proposing a new methodology to define how to estimate the billing in the absence of readings, considering previous consumption and using statistical tools to define the value to be billed. The methodology can be divided into two phases: (i) imputation of missing data in the database, resulting from possible transmission errors of the meters; (ii) forecast of electricity consumption per customer. The present work fulfilled the objectives proposed and presented a promising alternative for billing with smart meters using low cost communication technologies that could have low measurement effectiveness, in this case, 100 percent.

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Subramanian, Ravichandran. „Orientation Invariance Methods for Inertial Gait“. Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7369.

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Intelligent devices such as smart phones, smart watches, virtual reality (VR) headsets and personal exercise devices have become integral elements of accessories used by many people. The ability of these devices to verify or identify the user could be applied for enhanced security and user experience customization among other things. Almost all these devices have built-in inertial sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope. These inertial sensors respond to the movements made by the user while performing day to day activities like walking, getting up and sitting down. The response depends on the activity being performed and thus can be used for activity recognition. The response also captures the user's unique way of doing the activity and can be used as a behavioral biometric for verification or identification. The acceleration (accelerometer) and rate of rotation (gyroscope) are recorded in the device coordinate frame. But to determine the user's motion, these need to be converted to a coordinate frame relative to the user. In most situations the orientation of the device relative to the user can neither be controlled nor determined reliably. The solution to this problem requires methods to remove the dependence on device orientation while comparing the signals collected at different times. In a vast of majority of research to date, the performance of authentication algorithms using inertial sensors have been evaluated on small datasets with few tens of subjects, collected under controlled placement of the sensors. Very often stand alone inertial sensors have been used to collect the data. Stand alone sensors afford better calibration, while the sensors built into smart devices offer little or no means of calibration. Due to these limitations of the datasets used, it is difficult to extend the results from these research to realistic performance with a large number subjects and natural placement of off-the-shelf smart devices. This dissertation describes the Kabsch algorithm which is used to achieve orientation invariance of the recorded inertial data, enabling better authentication independent of device orientation. It also presents the Vector Cross Product (VCP) method developed to achieve orientation invariance. Details of a realistic inertial dataset (USF-PDA dataset) collected with commercial smart phones placed in natural positions and orientations using 101 subjects are given. The data includes sessions from different days on a subset of 56 subjects. This would enable realistic evaluation of authentication algorithms. This dataset has been made publicly available. The performance of five methods that address the orientation dependence of signals are compared to a baseline that performs no compensation for orientation of the device. The methods as a part of a overall gait authentication algorithm are evaluated on the USF-PDA dataset mentioned above and another large dataset with more than 400 subjects. The results show that the orientation compensation methods are able to improve the authentication performance on data with uncontrolled orientation to be close to performance on data collected with controlled orientation. The Kabsch method shows the highest improvement.

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Ulker, Fatma Demet. „Active Vibration Control Of Smart Structures“. Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1098409/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this thesis was to design controllers by using H1 and ¹
control strategies in order to suppress the free and forced vibrations of smart structures. The smart structures analyzed in this study were the smart beam and the smart ¯
n. They were aluminum passive structures with surface bonded PZT (Lead-Zirconate-Titanate) patches. The structures were considered in clamped-free con¯
guration. The ¯
rst part of this study focused on the identi¯
cation of nominal system models of the smart structures from the experimental data. For the experimentally identi¯
ed models the robust controllers were designed by using H1 and ¹
-synthesis strategies. In the second part, the controller implementation was carried out for the suppression of free and forced vibrations of the smart structures. Within the framework of this study, a Smart Structures Laboratory was established in the Aerospace Engineering Department of METU. The controller implementations were carried out by considering two di®
erent experimental set-ups. In the ¯
rst set-up the controller designs were based on the strain measurements. In the second approach, the displacement measurements, which were acquired through laser displacement sensor, were considered in the controller design. The ¯
rst two °
exural modes of the smart beam were successfully controlled by using H1 method. The vibrations of the ¯
rst two °
exural and ¯
rst torsional modes of the smart ¯
n were suppressed through the ¹
-synthesis. Satisfactory attenuation levels were achieved for both strain measurement and displacement measurement applications.

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Chen, Zhuo. „Smart Sequence Similarity Search (S⁴) system“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2458.

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Sequence similarity searching is commonly used to help clarify the biochemical and physiological features of newly discovered genes or proteins. An efficient similarity search relies on the choice of tools and their associated subprograms and numerous parameter settings. To assist researchers in selecting optimal programs and parameter settings for efficient sequence similarity searches, the web-based expert system, Smart Sequence Similarity Search (S4) was developed.

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Vigilante, Domenico. „Numerical study of two-dimensional smart structures“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42706.

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In this thesis we use a new numerical code, based upon a mixed FEM-Runge-Kutta method, for the analysis and the design of plane 2-dimensional smart structures. We applied the developed code to the study of arbitrarily shaped piezo-electromechanical (PEM) plates. This code is based on a weak formulation of their governing equations as found in [18]. The optimal parameters needed to synthesize the appropriate electric networks are computed, and the overall performances of such plates are investigated. In particular, two examples are studied: firstly, a simple case is used to test the main features of the code; secondly, a more complex PEM plate is designed and analyzed by means of the proposed numerical approach.
Master of Science

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Hagelberg, Alicia. „Smart users, smart homes, and the search for a smarter application : A qualitative study of the usability in a smart home application and how it can be improved“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149617.

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Smart home technology and IoT is rapidly gaining popularity, and many systems use mobile applications to control the hardware in the homes of the owners. Connective created by Indentive is one such system, which allows users to control things like the temperature in their homes via their smartphones. However, the usability of applications such as this one can be limited, which leads to frustration and even loss of interest for the users. This can result in critical implications for the company producing such a system – both economically and in regards to popularity. It is therefore important for companies to detect issues with their systems early on in order to address these issues and prevent negative implications. Connective was thus tested in a qualitative study using contextual inquiries with 7 participants. The data from the inquiries was then structured through thematic analysis, and the usability of the application was also tested using SUS-evaluation. Wireframe suggestions for changes to the application were then brainstormed with the thematic analysis and the result of the SUS in mind. Major issues that were addressed were access to help, information, the layout, the handling of errors, and feedback. Future studies should include further, more in-depth qualitative studies, perhaps in combination with quantitative data, to further improve and develop the wireframe-suggestions into working prototypes that can then be user tested.

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Motoshin, Ivan. „Vzdálené ovládání zařízení pomocí moderních komunikačních metod“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242037.

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This master thesis deals with the proposal of smart home device. As a part of the work is analyzing of devices on the market, theoretical learning methods of remote control and selection optimal solution for creating own smart home device. As a result of the master thesis is making and testing created device.

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Climent, Perez Pau. „Smart video surveillance of pedestrians : fixed, aerial, and multi-camera methods“. Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37298/.

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Crowd analysis from video footage is an active research topic in the field of computer vision. Crowds can be analaysed using different approaches, depending on their characteristics. Furthermore, analysis can be performed from footage obtained through different sources. Fixed CCTV cameras can be used, as well as cameras mounted on moving vehicles. To begin, a literature review is provided, where research works in the the fields of crowd analysis, as well as object and people tracking, occlusion handling, multi-view and sensor fusion, and multi-target tracking are analyses and compared, and their advantages and limitations highlighted. Following that, the three contributions of this thesis are presented: in a first study, crowds will be classified based on various cues (i.e. density, entropy), so that the best approaches to further analyse behaviour can be selected; then, some of the challenges of individual target tracking from aerial video footage will be tackled; finally, a study on the analysis of groups of people from multiple cameras is proposed. The analysis entails the movements of people and objects in the scene. The idea is to track as many people as possible within the crowd, and to be able to obtain knowledge from their movements, as a group, and to classify different types of scenes. An additional contribution of this thesis, are two novel datasets: on the one hand, a first set to test the proposed aerial video analysis methods; on the other, a second to validate the third study, that is, with groups of people recorded from multiple overlapping cameras performing different actions.

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Yu, Shaohua. „Optimization models and methods for tour planning in smart urban logistics“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST045.

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La distribution urbaine désigne les activités de distribution de marchandises desservant les zones urbaines et les banlieues. Les progrès technologiques récents dans le domaine de la distribution sans personnel, ainsi que les nouvelles réglementations limitant l’utilisation des véhicules à moteur à combustion, vont modifier de manière significative la distribution urbaine de marchandises. En outre, le nouveau modèle commercial du commerce électronique apporte également de nouvelles opportunités et de nouveaux défis à la distribution urbaine de marchandises. Cette thèse se concentre sur un nouveau système de distribution visant à fournir de meilleurs services pour la distribution logistique urbaine. Nous allons tout d’abord étudier un système de livraison urbaine robotisé basé sur un fourgon qui peut transporter plusieurs robots, ce qui rend le système de distribution plus flexible et efficace. Ensuite, nous proposons d’intégrer la technologie de recharge en route et de recharge inverse dans le système de livraison urbaine robotisée par camionnette dans les opérations logistiques, afin d’économiser le temps pendant lequel les camionnettes électriques transportent les robots pour les recharger, ce qui augmente l’efficacité des systèmes de distribution. Enfin, nous incorporons les ramassages hybrides et les opérations de livraison dans le système de distribution urbaine robotisée basés sur des fourgons pour nous adapter au nouveau modèle commercial des entreprises de commerce électronique
Urban distribution refers to the distribution activities of goods serving urban areas and suburbs. Recent technological advances in unmanned distribution field, as well as new regulations limiting the use of combustion engine vehicles, will significantly change urban goods distribution. Besides, the new ecommerce business model also brings new opportunities and challenges to urban goods distribution. This thesis focuses on a novel distribution system to provide better services for urban logistics distribution. We first study a van-based robot urban delivery system and allow a van can carry multiple robot to make the distribution system more flexible. Then we incorporate en-route charging, and reverse charging technology into the van-based robot urban delivery system in logistics operations, to effectively use the time during which electric vans are carrying robots to recharge the robots, thereby increasing distribution systems’ efficiency. Finally, we incorporate hybrid pickup and delivery operations into the van-based robot urban distribution system to adapt to the new business model of e-commerce enterprises

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Borkar, Milind. „A distributed Monte Carlo method for initializing state vector distributions in heterogeneous smart sensor networks“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22680.

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The objective of this research is to demonstrate how an underlying system's state vector distribution can be determined in a distributed heterogeneous sensor network with reduced subspace observability at the individual nodes. We show how the network, as a whole, is capable of observing the target state vector even if the individual nodes are not capable of observing it locally. The initialization algorithm presented in this work can generate the initial state vector distribution for networks with a variety of sensor types as long as the measurements at the individual nodes are known functions of the target state vector. Initialization is accomplished through a novel distributed implementation of the particle filter that involves serial particle proposal and weighting strategies, which can be accomplished without sharing raw data between individual nodes in the network. The algorithm is capable of handling missed detections and clutter as well as compensating for delays introduced by processing, communication and finite signal propagation velocities. If multiple events of interest occur, their individual states can be initialized simultaneously without requiring explicit data association across nodes. The resulting distributions can be used to initialize a variety of distributed joint tracking algorithms. In such applications, the initialization algorithm can initialize additional target tracks as targets come and go during the operation of the system with multiple targets under track.

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Karadal, Fatih Mutlu. „Active Flutter Suppression Of A Smart Fin“. Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609830/index.pdf.

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This study presents the theoretical analysis of an active flutter suppression methodology applied to a smart fin. The smart fin consists of a cantilever aluminum plate-like structure with surface bonded piezoelectric (PZT, Lead- Zirconate-Titanate) patches. A thermal analogy method for the purpose of modeling of piezoelectric actuators in MSC®
/NASTRAN based on the analogy between thermal strains and piezoelectric strains was presented. The results obtained by the thermal analogy were compared with the reference results and very good agreement was observed. The unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on the structure were calculated by using a linear two-dimensional Doublet-Lattice Method available in MSC®
/NASTRAN. These aerodynamic loads were approximated as rational functions of the Laplace variable by using one of the aerodynamic approximation schemes, Roger&
#8217
s approximation, with least-squares method. These approximated aerodynamic loads together with the structural matrices obtained by the finite element method were used to develop the aeroelastic equations of motion of the smart fin in state-space form. The Hinf robust controllers were then designed for the state-space aeroelastic model of the smart fin by considering both SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) and MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) system models. The verification studies of the controllers showed satisfactory flutter suppression performance around the flutter point and a significant improvement in the flutter speed of the smart fin was also observed.

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Adekola, Olawale Ibrahim. „Design and development of a smart inverter system“. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2195.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
The growing interest in the use of solar energy to mitigate climate change, reduction in the cost of PV system and other favourable factors have increased the penetration of the PV(Photovoltaic) systems in the market and increase in the worldwide energy supply. The main component in a DG is a smart inverter connected in a grid-tied mode which serves as a direct interface between the grid and the RES (Renewable Energy System). This research work presents a three phase grid-tied inverter with active and reactive power control capabilities for renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed generators (DG). The type of the inverter to be designed is a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The VSI is capable of supplying energy to the utility grid with a well regulated DC link at its input. The solution this project proposes is an implementation of the designed filter to effectively reduce the harmonics injected into the grid to an acceptable value according to standards and also an approach to control the real and reactive power output of the inverters to help solve the problems of instability and power quality of the distribution system. The design, modelling and simulation of the smart inverter system is performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment. A 10 kW three-phase voltage source inverter system connected to the utility grid was considered for this research. Series of simulations for the grid-connected inverter (GCI) model was carried out using different step changes in active and reactive power references which was used to obtain the tracking response of the set power references. The effectiveness of the control system which was designed to track the set references and supply improved power quality with reduced current ripples has been verified from the simulation results obtained.

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Siddiqi, Saad Ahmed. „Smart Card Packaging Process Control System“. Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100020.

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The project focuses on the packaging process of the smart card manufacturing industry. The idea of the project concerns how to increase production packaging efficiency by introducing a control system. After taking an in-depth look at the current production environment, the following system goals were defined: packaging time reduction, cost reduction, decrease in human errors, and reducing the number of customer complaints. To achieve these goals, the thesis project was divided into the following tasks: discovering a feasible solution, actual system development, testing, and evaluation. The proposed system is based on hardware (i.e. barcode scanner, and barcode printer) integrated with customized control software. The barcode scanner acts as a bridge between the system and the production process by scanning a barcode printed on each product. The system prints the required information label for the product’s package according to the scanned product. This label is pasted on the product’s box and is used as a tracking tool during further production steps. The system is very flexible and suits any packaging model. Other functional properties maintained in the system include data security, product traceability, and real time production monitoring. Testing of the system was done in an actual production environment at an Oberthur Technologies manufacturing site. Two production lines were selected to test the system’s functionality, specifically the SIM card production packaging line and the Scratch card/ Bank Card production packaging line. The results obtained during the evaluation phase of the proposed system show that the proposed solution decreased the packaging processing time by (27.3%) over the previous values. Moreover, the resulting human error rate is close to (zero%).
Projektet fokuserar på förpackningen processen smartkortet tillverkningsindustrin. Tanken med projektet handlar om hur att öka effektiviteten produktionen förpackningar genom att införa ett styrsystem. Efter att ha tagit en fördjupad titt på den nuvarande produktionsmiljö, var följande systemkrav mål definieras: nedsättning förpackning tid, minskade kostnader, minskad mänskliga fel och minska antalet kundklagomål. För att uppnå dessa mål var examensarbetet indelad i följande uppgifter: att upptäcka en genomförbar lösning, faktisk systemutveckling, testning och utvärdering. Det föreslagna systemet bygger på hårdvara (dvs streckkodsläsare och streckkod skrivare) integreras med skräddarsydd styrprogram. Den streckkodsläsare fungerar som en bro mellan systemet och produktionsprocessen genom att läsa en streckkod tryckt på varje produkt. Systemet skriver den erforderliga informationen etiketten för produktens förpackning enligt den scannade produkten. Denna etikett klistras in på produktens ask och används som ett verktyg för spårning under ytterligare produktionssteg. Systemet är mycket flexibelt och passar varje förpackning modell. Andra funktionella egenskaper bibehålls i systemet inkluderar datasäkerhet, spårbarhet och i realtid övervakning av produktionen. Testning av systemet gjordes i en verklig produktionsmiljö i ett Oberthur Technologies tillverkningsanläggning. Två produktionslinjer valdes för att testa systemets funktionalitet, särskilt i SIM-kortet produktionen förpackning linje och skrapkort / Bank kortproduktion förpackningslinje. De resultat som erhållits under utvärderingsfasen av det föreslagna systemet visar att den föreslagna lösningen minskade tiden förpackningen behandling av (27,3 %) jämfört med föregående värden. Dessutom är den resulterande mänskliga fel som ligger nära (noll %).

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Lentzen, Sven. „Nonlinearly coupled thermopiezoelectric modelling and FE simulation of smart structures“. Düsseldorf VDI-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993098843/04.

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Vladimir, Rajs. „Metode praćenja parametara životne sredine bazirane na pametnim mernim sistemima“. Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95395&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Kako se efekat globalnog zagrevanja odigrava širom planete, tako se svetska populacija suočava sa verovatno jednim od najvažnijih socijalnih i naučnih fenomena-promenom parametara životne sredine usled zagađenja. Preduzimanje bilo kakve akcije zahteva precizna i tačna merenja parametara životne sredine u više desetina hiljada tačaka, postavljenih širom sveta. Pošto je finansijski skupo, a i praktično nemoguće napraviti tako veliki broj mernih stanica koje bi premrežile celu planetu, očigledno je da se moraju pronaći neka alternativna rešenja. Napravljen je merni sistem i realizovane su merne metode za udaljeno merenje parametara životne sredine. Ovaj sistem može biti realizovan kao stacionarna ili kao pokretna merna stanica. Radna hipoteza se zasniva na korišćenju statističke analize izmernih podataka, gde se dolazi do pretpostavke i dokaza o mogućnosti smanjenja broja senzora na mernoj stanici, jer se praćenjem jedne veličine (koncentracija ugljen-monoksida) može doći do pretpostavljene vrednosti druge veličine (koncentracija azot-dioksida) u slučaju da potiču iz istog izvora. A korišćenjem predikcije, pomoću regresionog modela – interpolacije i ekstrapolacije pokazala se mogućnost smanjenja broja mernih stanica. Naime, korišćenjem interpolacionih krivih moguće je na teritoriji jednog grada prikazati estimacije koncentracija gasova na osnovu podataka sa pokretne merne stanice. Takođe, na osnovu matematičkog ARMA modela pokazana je estimacija koncentracije gasova na osnovu prethodnih merenja.
As the effects of global warming are spreading globally, the world population encounters one of the most important social and scientific phenomena- changing the parameters of the environment due to pollution. Any conducted action requires precise and accurate measuring of the environmental parameters at several dozens of thousands points deployed around the world. Since financially, as well as practically, it is impossible to create such a large number of measuring stations which would network all over the planet, it is obvious that some alternative solutions must be found. A new measuring system is developed and measuring methods for remote measurement of environmental parameters are implemented. This system can be implemented as a stationary or mobile measuring station. The working hypothesis is based on the use of statistical analysis of measurement data. It leads to the possibility of reducing the number of sensors at measure station, as based on the monitoring of one value-gas concentration (the concentration of carbon monoxide) can be estimated values of other gas (the concentration of nitrogen - dioxide) in the case that they originate from the same source. Using prediction and regression models - interpolation and extrapolation have shown the possibility to reduce the number of measuring stations. Specifically, in the territory of one observedcity, by using interpolation curves, the estimation of concentrations of gases based on data from the measuring system can be shown. Also, based on a mathematical model (ARMA) estimation of concentrations of gases based on previous measurements is shown.

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Matačiūnas, Jonas. „Vartotojo prieigos duomenų saugojimo lustinėse kortelėse metodo sukūrimas ir tyrimas“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110831_111957-86344.

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Darbe nagrinėjama galimybė panaudoti lustinę kortelę saugoti vartotojo prieigos duomenis. Analizuojami raktų apsikeitimo protokolai DH-EKE, SRP. Taip pat nagrinėjama saugaus ryšio technologija TLS. Pasiūlomas konkretus autentifikavimo protokolas skirtas naudoti su lustinėmis kortelėmis. Atliekamas protokolo saugumo, greitaveikos tyrimas.
In this paper we research the possibility to use smart card as a secure storage to store user access data. We study such key exchange algorithms as SRP, DH-EKE. Also TLS technology is studied in order to gain better understanding how to establish secure connection between two communication points. Then we propose an authentication protocol which was specifically designed to be used with smart cards. Performance and other properties of the protocol are analysed in the last chapters of this paper.

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Pearce, Eric L. „Designing active smart features to provide nesting forces in exactly constrained assemblies /“. Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd202.pdf.

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Gonçalves, Ricardo João de Castelar. „Smart cities : estudo de indicadores de avaliação de desempenho“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16674.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Ainda que nem sempre seja bem aplicado, o conceito de smart city é cada vez mais utilizado, sendo mesmo defendido por muitos de que as cidades inteligentes serão essenciais para ultrapassar os desafios impostos pelo aumento populacional e pela globalização. Para tal, as cidades têm vindo a recorrer aos diversos avanços das TIC para promover uma gestão urbana inteligente, ao mesmo tempo que procuram tornarem-se mais eficientes em 6 dimensões: governo, comunidade, economia, ambiente, mobilidade e qualidade de vida, todas elas interligadas entre si e fundamentais para o sucesso de uma smart city. De forma a perceber como se pode avaliar uma cidade inteligente, foram estudados 5 métodos de avaliação de uma smart city, com o objetivo de determinar quais os KPIs mais relevantes, em cada uma das dimensões mencionadas. Esta determinação é crucial para a definição de uma estratégia acertada, na medida em que permite conhecer em que áreas uma cidade deve intervir de forma mais acentuada para se tornar mais inteligente, bem como monitorizar a evolução das medidas aplicadas. Apesar das diferentes tipologias de cidades, o sucesso das cidades inteligentes irá residir nos seus habitantes, pois a base da inteligência urbana são as pessoas, como tal a melhor forma de medir o sucesso de uma smart city prende-se no valor acrescentado para os habitantes das cidades e de que forma isso se traduz na sua qualidade vida.
Although not always well applied, the concept of smart city is increasingly being used and it is even argued by many that smart cities will be essential to overcome the challenges imposed by population growth and globalization. For such, cities have been making use of the various advances in ICT to promote intelligent urban management, while at the same time seeking to become more efficient in 6 dimensions: government, community, economy, environment, mobility and quality of life, all of which are interconnected and fundamental to the success of a smart city. In order to understand how a smart city can be evaluated, 5 methods of evaluation were studied, in order to determine the most relevant KPIs in each of the mentioned dimensions. This determination is crucial for the definition of a successful strategy, to the extent that it allows to know in which areas a city should intervene in a more impactful way to become smarter, as well as to monitor the evolution of the applied measures. Despite the different typologies of cities, the success of smart cities will be based in its inhabitants, because the basis of urban intelligence are people, as such the best way to measure the success of a smart city is the added value for the inhabitants of cities and how this translates into their quality of life.
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Marsal, Maria Lluïsa 1974. „Smarter urban planning through a citizen-based approach. The Smart urban planning method“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285384.

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In this dissertation we propose an objective method for updating traditional urban planning methodologies based on input from citizens regarding their current and future urban requirements. Specifically, our methodology is based on citizen web – based surveys regarding urban time use allocation and opinions concerning how to cover urban needs, and on the use of data mining tools to process the collected data. The Smart Urban Planning Method allows to obtain new planning values for urban land use design using an innovative conversion rule which transforms the daily distribution of urban time use into quantities of urban land use. We test our Method by experimenting with a case study on the specific urban subsystem of public facilities and services, and use Girona Province as a pilot area. Our novel Method obtains new, objective, and more accurate design values for the planning of facilities and services using citizens’ satisfaction thresholds.
En la present dissertació proposem un mètode objectiu per a l’actualització de les metodologies tradicionals de planificació urbanística basat en l’opinió dels ciutadans al respecte dels seus requeriments urbans presents i futurs. Específicament, la nostra metodologia està basada en enquestes web a la ciutadania per conèixer com distribueixen el seu temps urbà i en la opinió de com cobrir les seves necessitats urbanes. S’utilitzen eines de mineria de dades per al processat de les dades recollides. El Mètode Smart Urban Planning permet obtenir nous valors de planificació urbanística per al disseny dels usos del sòl amb la utilització d’una innovadora regla de conversió que transforma la distribució diària del temps urbà en quantitats d’usos del sòl urbà. Provem el nostre Mètode experimentant amb un cas d’estudi en el subsistema urbà dels equipaments i serveis públics, i emprem la província de Girona com a àrea pilot. El nostre Mètode innovador obté nous valors de disseny per a la planificació urbanística dels equipaments i serveis més objectius i acurats a partir d’índexs de satisfacció ciutadana.

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Parson, Oliver. „Unsupervised training methods for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring from smart meter data“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/364263/.

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Non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) is the process of disaggregating a household’s total electricity consumption into its contributing appliances. Smart meters are currently being deployed on national scales, providing a platform to collect aggregate household electricity consumption data. Existing approaches to NIALM require a manual training phase in which either sub-metered appliance data is collected or appliance usage is manually labelled. This training data is used to build models of the house- hold appliances, which are subsequently used to disaggregate the household’s electricity data. Due to the requirement of such a training phase, existing approaches do not scale automatically to the national scales of smart meter data currently being collected. In this thesis we propose an unsupervised training method which, unlike existing approaches, does not require a manual training phase. Instead, our approach combines general appliance knowledge with just aggregate smart meter data from the household to perform disaggregation. To do so, we address the following three problems: (i) how to generalise the behaviour of multiple appliances of the same type, (ii) how to tune general knowledge of appliances to the specific appliances within a single household using only smart meter data, and (iii) how to provide actionable energy saving advice based on the tuned appliance knowledge. First, we propose an approach to the appliance generalisation problem, which uses the Tracebase data set to build probabilistic models of household appliances. We take a Bayesian approach to modelling appliances using hidden Markov models, and empirically evaluate the extent to which they generalise to previously unseen appliances through cross validation. We show that learning using multiple appliances vastly outperforms learning from a single appliance by 61–99% when attempting to generalise to a previously unseen appliance, and furthermore that such general models can be learned from only 2–6 appliances. Second, we propose an unsupervised solution to the model tuning problem, which uses only smart meter data to learn the behaviour of the specific appliances in a given house-hold. Our approach uses general appliance models to extract appliance signatures from a household’s smart meter data, which are then used to refine the general appliance models. We evaluate the benefit of this process using the Reference Energy Disaggregation Data set, and show that the tuned appliance models more accurately represent the energy consumption behaviour of a given household’s appliances compared to when general appliance models are used, and furthermore that such general models can per- form comparably to when sub-metered data is used for model training. We also show that our tuning approach outperforms the current state of the art, which uses a factorial hidden Markov model to tune the general appliance models. Third, we apply both of these approaches to infer the energy efficiency of refrigerators and freezers in a data set of 117 households. We evaluate the accuracy of our approach, and show that it is able to successfully infer the energy efficiency of combined fridge freezers. We then propose an extension to our model tuning process using factorial hidden semi-Markov models to model households with a separate fridge and freezer. Finally, we show that through this extension our approach is able to simultaneously tune the appliance models of both appliances. The above contributions provide a solution which satisfies the requirements of a NIALM training method which is both unsupervised (no manual interaction required during training) and uses only smart meter data (no installation of additional hardware is required). When combined, the contributions presented in this thesis represent an advancement in the state of the art in the field of non-intrusive appliance load monitoring, and a step towards increasing the efficiency of energy consumption within households.

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Yang, Xinyuan. „Carboxymethyl Cellulose Surface Treatment Method to Disperse Carbon Nanotubes in Smart Cementitious Materials“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31741.

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An innovative surface treatment method was proposed using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to surface-treat carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for a consistent dispersion in cementitious materials to achieve high force detection sensitivity. This CMC surface treatment method was compared with two traditional methods, direct mixing and surfactant surface treatment, to validate dispersion effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrated that CMC and CNTs combined can increase force sensitivity of the smart cementitious material more than six times compared with direct mixing and more than three times compared with the surfactant surface treatment. CMC surface treatment significantly improved CNTs dispersion consistency. For CMC surface treatment, the comparison of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% of CNTs by weight to cement demonstrated all percentages showed consistent laboratory dynamic force sensing results. Furthermore, CNTs percentage did not differ for force sensitivity. All experiments indicated the proposed CMC surface treatment method is an effective dispersion method for CNTs in smart cementitious materials.

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Mashad, Nemati Hassan. „Data-Driven Methods for Reliability Evaluation of Power Cables in Smart Distribution Grids“. Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, CAISR Centrum för tillämpade intelligenta system (IS-lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-35147.

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This research aims to develop data-driven methods that automatically exploit historical data in smart distribution grids for reliability evaluation, i.e., analyzing frequency of failures, and modeling components’ lifetime. The results enable power distribution companies to change from reactive maintenance to predictive maintenance by deriving benefits from historical data. In particular, the data is exploited for two purposes: (a) failure pattern discovery, and (b) reliability evaluation of power cables. To analyze failure characteristics it is important to discover which failures share common features, e.g., if there are any types of failures that happen mostly in certain parts of the grid or at certain times. This analysis provides information about correlation between different features and identifying the most vulnerable components. In this case, we applied statistical analysis and association rules to discover failure patterns. Furthermore, we propose an easy-to-understand visualization of the correlations between different factors representing failures by using an approximated Bayesian network. We show that the Bayesian Network constructed based on the interesting rules of two items is a good approximation of the real dataset. The main focus of reliability evaluation is on failure rate estimation and reliability ranking. In case of power cables, the limited amount of recorded events makes it difficult to perform failure rate modeling, i.e., estimating the function that describes changes in the rate of failure depending on age. Therefore, we propose a method for interpreting the results of goodness-of-fit measures with confidence intervals, estimated using synthetic data. To perform reliability ranking of power cables, in addition to the age of cables, we consider other factors. Then, we use the Cox proportional hazard model (PHM) to assess the impact of the factors and calculate the failure rate of each individual cable. In reliability evaluation, it is important to consider the fact that power cables are repairable components. We show that the conclusions about different factors in PHM and cables ranking will be misleading if one considers the cables as non-repairable components. The developed methods of (a) are applied on data from Halmstad Energi och Miljö (HEM Nät), Öresundskraft, Göteborg Energy, and Växjö Energy, four different distribution system operators in Sweden. The developed methods of (b) are applied on data from HEM Nät.

Funding: Knowledge Foundation & HEM Nät

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Jacquot, Paulin. „Game theory and Optimization Methods for Decentralized Electric Systems“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX101/document.

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Dans le contexte de transition vers un système électrique décentralisé et intelligent, nous abordons le problème de la gestion des flexibilités de consommation électriques. Nous développons différentes méthodes basées sur l'optimisation distribuée et la théorie des jeux.Nous commençons par adopter le point de vue d'un opérateur central en charge de la gestion des flexibilités de plusieurs agents. Nous présentons un algorithme distribué permettant le calcul des profils de consommations des agents optimaux pour l'opérateur.Cet algorithme garantit la confidentialité des agents~: les contraintes individuelles, ainsi que le profil individuel de consommation de chaque agent, ne sont jamais révélés à l'opérateur ni aux autres agents.Ensuite, nous adoptons dans un second modèle une vision plus décentralisée et considérons un cadre de théorie des jeux pour la gestion des flexibilités de consommation.Cette approche nous permet en particulier de modéliser les comportements stratégiques des consommateurs.Dans ce cadre, une classe de jeux adéquate est donnée par les jeux de congestion atomiques fractionnables.Nous obtenons plusieurs résultats théoriques concernant les équilibres de Nash dans cette classe de jeux, et nous quantifions l'efficacité de ces équilibres en établissant des bornes supérieures sur le prix de l'anarchie.Nous traitons la question du calcul décentralisé des équilibres de Nash dans ce contexte en étudiant les conditions et les vitesses de convergence des algorithmes de meilleure réponse et de gradient projeté.En pratique un opérateur peut faire face à un très grand nombre de joueurs, et calculer les équilibres d'un jeu de congestion dans ce cas est difficile.Afin de traiter ce problème, nous établissons des résultats sur l'approximation d'un équilibre dans les jeux de congestion et jeux agrégatifs avec un très grand nombre de joueurs et en présence de contraintes couplantes.Ces résultats, obtenus dans le cadre des inégalités variationnelles et sous certaines hypothèses de monotonie, peuvent être utilisés pour calculer un équilibre approché comme solution d'un problème de petite dimension.Toujours dans la perspective de modéliser un très grand nombre d'agents, nous considérons des jeux de congestion nonatomiques avec contraintes couplantes et avec une infinité de joueurs hétérogènes~: ce type de jeux apparaît lorsque les caractéristiques d'une population sont décrites par une fonction de distribution paramétrique.Sous certaines hypothèses de monotonie, nous prouvons que les équilibres de Wardrop de ces jeux, définis comme solutions d'une inégalité variationnelle de dimension infinie, peuvent être approchés par des équilibres de Wardrop symétriques de jeux annexes, solutions d'inégalités variationnelles de petite dimension.Enfin, nous considérons un modèle de jeu pour l'étude d'échanges d'électricité pair-à-pair au sein d'une communauté de consommateurs possédant des actifs de production électrique renouvelable.Nous étudions les équilibres généralisés du jeu obtenu, qui caractérisent les échanges possibles d'énergie et les consommations individuelles.Nous comparons ces équilibres avec la solution centralisée minimisant le coût social, et nous évaluons l'efficacité des équilibres via la notion de prix de l'anarchie
In the context of smart grid and in the transition to decentralized electric systems, we address the problem of the management of distributed electric consumption flexibilities. We develop different methods based on distributed optimization and game theory approaches.We start by adopting the point of view of a centralized operator in charge of the management of flexibilities for several agents. We provide a distributed and privacy-preserving algorithm to compute consumption profiles for agents that are optimal for the operator.In the proposed method, the individual constraints as well as the individual consumption profile of each agent are never revealed to the operator or the other agents.Then, in a second model, we adopt a more decentralized vision and consider a game theoretic framework for the management of consumption flexibilities.This approach enables, in particular, to take into account the strategic behavior of consumers.Individual objectives are determined by dynamic billing mechanisms, which is motivated by the modeling of congestion effects occurring on time periods receiving a high electricity load from consumers.A relevant class of games in this framework is given by atomic splittable congestion games.We obtain several theoretical results on Nash equilibria for this class of games, and we quantify the efficiency of those equilibria by providing bounds on the price of anarchy.We address the question of the decentralized computation of equilibria in this context by studying the conditions and rates of convergence of the best response and projected gradients algorithms.In practice an operator may deal with a very large number of players, and evaluating the equilibria in a congestion game in this case will be difficult.To address this issue, we give approximation results on the equilibria in congestion and aggregative games with a very large number of players, in the presence of coupling constraints.These results, obtained in the framework of variational inequalities and under some monotonicity conditions, can be used to compute an approximate equilibrium, solution of a small dimension problem.In line with the idea of modeling large populations, we consider nonatomic congestion games with coupling constraints, with an infinity of heterogeneous players: these games arise when the characteristics of a population are described by a parametric density function.Under monotonicity hypotheses, we prove that Wardrop equilibria of such games, given as solutions of an infinite dimensional variational inequality, can be approximated by symmetric Wardrop equilibria of auxiliary games, solutions of low dimension variational inequalities.Again, those results can be the basis of tractable methods to compute an approximate Wardrop equilibrium in a nonatomic infinite-type congestion game.Last, we consider a game model for the study of decentralized peer-to-peer energy exchanges between a community of consumers with renewable production sources.We study the generalized equilibria in this game, which characterize the possible energy trades and associated individual consumptions.We compare the equilibria with the centralized solution minimizing the social cost, and evaluate the efficiency of equilibria through the price of anarchy

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Hlaváček, Jan. „Využití metod projektového řízení ve vybraném strojírenském podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403845.

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Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na vybrání a aplikaci metod a nástrojů projektového management ve strojírenském podniku. První část práce se zaměřuje na teoretické poznatky. Druhá část je analýza současného stavu podniku a průmyslu. Třetí část je autorův návrh, který je vytvořen na základě předchozích dvou kapitol.

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Martin, Daniel. „Analysis and Design of Phase Lock Loop Based Islanding Detection Methods“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32967.

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As distributed generation penetrates the electric power grid at higher power levels, grid interface issues with distributed generation must be addressed. The current power system consists of central power generators, while the future power system will include many more distributed resources. The centralized power generation system is controlled by utility operators, but many distributed resources will not be controlled by utility operators. Distributed generation must use smart control techniques for high reliability and ideal grid interface. This thesis discusses the grid interface issue of anti-islanding. An electric island occurs when a circuit breaker in the electric power system trips. The distributed resource should disconnect from the electric grid for safety reasons. This thesis will give an overview of the possible methods. Each method will be analyzed using the ability to detect under the non-detection zone and the economic feasibility of the method. This thesis proposes two addition cases for analysis that exist in the electric power system: the effect of multiple methods in parallel in the non-detection zone and the possibility of a false trip caused by a load step. Multiple methods in parallel are possible because the islanding detection method is patentable, so each grid interface inverter company is likely to implement a different islanding detection method. The load step represents a load change when a load is switched on.
Master of Science

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Miller, Scott E. „Smart Voyage Planning Model Sensitivity Analysis Using Ocean and Atmospheric Models Including Ensemble Methods“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17422.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Smart Voyage Planning (SVP) has been identified as a key technology for the US Navy, capable of assisting with the fleet energy saving goals of Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) and the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Commercial SVP tools use weather, waves, and specific ship platform characteristic data to develop optimal transit routes that save on the order of 5 per cent in fuel expenditures. Sensitivity analysis was conducted utilizing a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) industry standard SVP model. Model inputs used for sensitivity included ensemble techniques, ship class specific characteristics, and simulated enhanced environmental model outputs. Variances in predicted route costs compared to route costs using actual analysis environmental data and Great Circle baseline references were studied. Significant efforts focused on developing analysis tools to determine how uncertainty and sensitivity could be communicated. The analysis identified significant SVP model sensitivities to geographic location; direction; seasonal synoptic weather; hull/propulsion type and condition; route length; specific model improvements; and ensemble post-processing methods. An SVP trial was also conducted at sea onboard USS PRINCETON (CG-59) with goals of Concept of Operations (CONOPS) development and determining types of operations that could affect a combatant vessels ability to execute SVP routes. Important lessons learned, best practices, and recommendations were identified during this operational trial.

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Nargund, Vijay, und Syed Z. Ahmed. „3D Layout Scanning for Smart Manufacturing : Method Development and a Study of Future Possibilities“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell Produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156276.

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The term ‘Industry 4.0’ leads to many new possibilities like smart factory which is the amalgamation of manufacturing systems in a network to perform tasks more efficiently. It is becoming more and more important for the companies to develop smart factories and integrate the devices within such a facility to meet the demands of the evolving market. The next generation production systems are designed to share the data within the network, plan, and predict the solution for the future problems. One such technology under smart factory is 3D laser scanning resulting in point cloud of the production unit. The traditional way of documenting a layout is usually with the help of 2D computer aided designs which are susceptible to measurement errors and changes that are not updated regularly. With the help of point clouds, an as-is representation of the factories can be recorded which can be easily updated with changes in the real world. With advancements in virtual manufacturing, the need for visualization of the factories is increasing drastically. 3D Laser Scanning is one of the better ways of meeting this need, among many other applications. The focus of the thesis had been to create a method document for 3D laser scanning of factories and to discuss the future possibilities of it. The research approach used in this thesis was conducting observational study, interviews and testing of the method. One such future possibility is autonomous scanning and how it would be beneficial for a company like Scania which is developing smart factories. Based on the study carried out during the thesis, a document presenting the method developed is included in the report. The report also points out the applications and benefits of point cloud over traditional layout planning methods.

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Watkins, Yijing Zhang. „An Ecient and Secure Transmission Method Using Data Partitioning for AMI in Smart Grids“. OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1468.

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Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been rapidly developed and widely used for the utility industry; meanwhile, it also has become an attractive target of different varieties of cyber-attacks due to AMI's security and privacy vulnerabilities as well as providing a way where one may steal energy. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a reliable, secure and efficient AMI network system with privacy protection. In this thesis, we introduce our data partitioning network system that splits the data into two separate partitions and transmits on one data channel with a privacy protection mechanism, an effective energy theft detection analyzer, a secure key exchange protocol, and a collaborative intrusion detection system in order to collect, transmit, manage, analyze and store energy information for the advanced metering infrastructure in smart grids. Security, privacy and energy theft are three main threats for AMI system. Our proposed method allows the server to check the integrity without decrypting the message by using homomorphic encryption techniques. Additionally, our anomaly-based energy theft detection method detects energy theft using fuzzy clustering techniques from data mining which has a minimum accuracy of 95\%. A collaborative intrusion detection system that distributes various detection techniques with different levels of computation complexity into different parts of the AMI network communication system is discussed. With the help of an encryption key exchange protocol and the collaborative intrusion detection system, it is shown that a potential access point denial-of-service attack triggered by a single smart meter can occur and a possible solution to mitigate the attack is provided. Simulation and analytical results show that our AMI network system design can provide secure, private and efficient communication with reasonable delay and overheads.

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Newhart, Daniel W. „“Smart” Mixed Methods: The Interaction of Philosophy and Research Design in Higher Education Inquiry“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306863023.

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Obeidat, Nawar H. „Using Formal Methods to Build and Validate Reliable and Secure Smart Systems via TLA+“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623169331790079.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Metoda SMART“

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