Dissertationen zum Thema „Méthodes de conception inverses“
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Fontchastagner, Julien. „Résolution du problème inverse de conception d'actionneurs électromagnétiques par association de méthodes déterministes d'optimisation globale avec des modèles analytiques et numériques“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7621/1/fontchastagner.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFontchastagner, Julien. „Résolution du problème inverse de conception d'actionneurs électromagnétiques par association de méthodes déterministes d'optimisation globale avec des modèles analytiques et numériques“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. https://hal.science/tel-02945546v1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this thesis brings a new methodology to solve the inverse problem of electromagnetic actuators design. After treating the general aspects of the problem, we will choose to solve it with deterministic methods of global optimization, which do not require any starting point, use each kind of variables and ensure to obtain the global optimum. Being hitherto used only with simple models, we apply them with analytical models based on an analytical resolution of the magnetic field, using less restrictive hypotheses. They are so more complex, and require we extend our optimization algorithm. A full finite elements software was then created, and equipped with a procedure which permit the evaluation of the average torque in the particular case of a magnet machine. The initial problem was reformulated and solve by integrating the numerical constraint of couple, the analytical model being used as guide with the new algorithm
Biret, Maëva. „Contribution à la résolution de problèmes inverses sous contraintes et application de méthodes de conception robuste pour le dimensionnement de pièces mécaniques de turboréacteurs en phase avant-projets“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066294/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD dissertation is to propose a new approach to improve and accelerate preliminary design studies for turbofan engine components. This approach consists in a comprehensive methodology for robust design under constraints, following three stages : dimension reduction and metamodeling, robust design under constraints and finally inverse problem solving under constraints. These are the three main subjects of this PhD dissertation. Dimension reduction is an essential pre-processing for any study. Its aim is to keep only inputs with large effects on a selected output. This selection reduces the size of the domain on which is performed the study which reduces its computational cost and eases the (qualitative) understanding of the system of interest. Metamodeling also contributes to these two objectives by replacing the time-consuming computer code by a faster metamodel which approximates adequately the relationship between system inputs and the studied output. Robust design under constraints is a bi-objectives optimization where different uncertainty sources are included. First, uncertainties must be collected and modeled. Then a propagation method of uncertainties in the computation code must be chosen in order to estimate moments (mean and standard deviation) of output distribution. Optimization of these moments are the two robust design objectives. Finally, a multi-objectives optimization method has to be chosen to find a robust optimum under constraints. The development of methods to solve ill-posed inverse problems is the innovative part of this PhD dissertation. These problems can have infinitely many solutions constituting non convex or even disjoint sets. Inversion is considered here as a complement to robust design in the case where the obtained optimum doesn't satisfy one of the constraints. Inverse methods then enable to solve this problem by finding several input datasets which satisfy all the constraints and a condition of proximity to the optimum. The aim is to reach a target value of the unsatisfied constraint while respecting other system constraints and the optimum proximity condition. Applied to preliminary design of high pressure compressor, this methodology contributes to the improvement and acceleration of studies currently characterized by a numerous of loopbacks which are expensive in terms of cpu-time and human resources
Sanogo, Satafa. „Conception optimale de circuits magnétiques dédiés à la propulsion spatiale électrique par des méthodes d'optimisation topologique“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we present theoretical and numerical optimization method for designing magnetic circuits for Hall effect thrusters. These design problems are very difficult inverse ones that we formulate under the form of topology optimization problems. Then, the obtained problems are non convex subject to Maxwell equations like constraints. Some original approaches have been proposed to solve efficiently these topology optimization problems. These approaches are based on the material density model called SIMP approach (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) which is a variante of the homogenization method. The results in my thesis allowed to provide optimization source code named ATOP (Algorithm To Optimize Propulsion) unsung in parallel two scientific computing softwares namely Matlab and FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics). In ATOP, we use both local optimization algorithms based on sensitivity analysis of the design problem; and global optimization algorithms mainly of type Branch and Bound based on Interval Arithmetic analysis. ATOP will help to optimize both the topological shape of the magnetic circuits and the time and cost of production (design process) of new generations of electrical thrusters
Ben, Elechi Slim. „Analyse et conception rapides de paramètres du procédé d'emboutissage pour le contrôle du retour élastique“. Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe inverse approach is an original method developed at UTC since 1990. Ln this study we introduce a new modification to the method called "Itnproved Inverse Approach" (lIA). This new approach has showen to be very efficient for the evaluation of stress distribution in the zone between the blank and the die wich has a great effect on the springback results. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the fast springback simulation after the removal of tools at the end of the stamping process. A coupling of our numerical simulation between a deep drawing software code called REFORM based on the lIA, with an incremental code called REFLEX based on the Updated Lagrangian Formulation for the fast and automatic simulation of the springback. The last p. Art of our work is dedicated to the optimization of the deep drawing process parameters in order to reduce the springback after the removal of tools at the end of forming
Gazut, Stéphane. „Conception et mise en œuvre de nouvelles méthodes d'élaboration de plans d'expériences pour l'apprentissage de modèles non linéaires“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis adresses the problem of the construction of surrogate models in numerical simulation. Whenever numerical experiments are costly, the simulation model is complex and difficult to use. It is important then to select the numerical experiments as efficiently as possible in order to minimize their number. In statistics, the selection of experiments is known as optimal experimental design. In the context of numerical simulation where no measurement uncertainty is present, we describe an alternative approach based on statistical learning theory and resampling techniques. The surrogate models are constructed using neural networks and the generalization error is estimated by leave-one-out, cross-validation and bootstrap. It is shown that the bootstrap can control the over-fitting and extend the concept of leverage for non linear in their parameters surrogate models. The thesis describes an iterative method called LDR for Learner Disagreement from experiment Resampling, based on active learning using several surrogate models constructed on bootstrap samples. The method consists in adding new experiments where the predictors constructed from bootstrap samples disagree most. We compare the LDR method with other methods of experimental design such as D-optimal selection
Agazzi, Alban. „Contribution à l'optimisation de la thermique des outillages dans le procédé d'injection des polymères thermoplastiques“. Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeat transfers in thermoplastic injection processes are transient and cyclic. They impact directly the productivity of the process and the quality of the parts. A non efficient cooling can lead to defects in the part like, warpage, shrinkage, thermal residual stresses. . . In this thesis, a methodology is developed that allows the design of the cooling system of the mould with no a priori on the number, the shape and the location of channels. A first stage consists in the determination of the optimal spatial distribution of fluid temperature along a cooling surface (named « dilation »). Based on a conformal cooling approach, this surface is created thanks to morphological mathematic concepts. The objectives of the optimization problem are to reach, at the end of the pre-determined cooling time, a level of temperature in the part while minimizing thermal gradients along the part surface. The conjugate gradient algorithm coupled with a Lagrangian technique is used. From this temperature distribution, cooling channels are designed, by locating the shapes of temperature iso-values in the thermal stationary area of the mould. Two cases, 2D Cartesian and 2D axisymmetric, are considered and results are compared respectively with those from literature and/or got by conventional cooling design. Finally, a global approach is applied for the design of the cooling system of an industrial 3D part. A patent application («MCOOL process ») was filed
Derkaoui, Abdechafik. „Dimensionnement pour des critères dynamiques et énergétiques de systèmes mécatroniques comportant des sous-systèmes à paramètres répartis : approche par méthode inverse“. Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0080/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work of thesis aims to explore the extension of the methodology of dimensioning using inverse procedure developed at the laboratory with a new class of systems: systems with distributed parameters (DPS). A schedule of conditions being imposed and a selected structure for the chain of actuation, this step makes it possible to check that the components of a system mecatronic make it possible to follow the trajectories imposed on outputs of the system by the schedule of conditions while respecting the constraints of power. In a system-approach, modeling is mainly based on the analysis of the macroscopic phenomena and led to models with localized parameters; however it can be necessary to take account of the distributed characteristic of the physical parameters for some subsystems. The need for leading a specific study for this class of systems is related to the mathematical form of the equations which govern their behavior. Our intention is not to study in the general case the conditions of inversibility of the systems of partial differential equations, but to analyze the influence of distributed parameters subsystems with physical support on dimensioning of the mecatronic systems by inverse procedure. Our contribution makes it possible to extend this methodology, valid for multi-physics systems, with multi-scales considerations. From the Bond Graph representation of various formulations of the PDE, we studied the properties of structural inversibility of these subsystems. Examples resulting from the structural mechanics and fluid mechanics are developed in this memory in order to illustrate the extension of the methodology of dimensioning to this type of subsystems and to highlight the problems associated to the choice of the approximation method
Zou, Long. „Simulation of laser energy deposition with structured light beams in air and machine learning data treatment for LIBS analysis of remote targets“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAX053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe propagation of ultrashort and ultra-intense laser pulses in the atmosphere is increasingly studied.Precise control of the focusing of the laser field and the distribution of light filaments extending beyond the focus is required for many applications, such as the Mars exploration mission on the analysis of chemical elements using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), the analysis of the composition of air by Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) techniques, the triggering and guiding of electric discharges between clouds, or the generation of white light laser by filamentation. A quantitative control of the light pulse properties is very difficult due to the complex nonlinear interaction between the intense laser pulse and the medium. At present, commonly used methods rely on the parameter control of the initial laser output and the feedback of the field at the target position. The high-dimension of the parameter space and the high sensitivity of the results to the initial conditions make the adjustment of the laser field outside the laboratory difficult and inefficient to meet the requirements of practical applications.In this context, this thesis proposes an answer to some of the challenges of long-range femtosecond laser pulse propagation, based on laser pulse modulation scenarios that guarantee to reach an on-target laser field with the desired properties. These scenarios were obtained by combining reverse engineering methods and numerical simulations. We show that different target fields can be easily and efficiently achieved by modulating the laser output field. Whenever possible, the modulation is obtained by simulating the reverse propagation of the target field towards the laser.This thesis focuses on two different objectives of laser field control: the long-range projection in the air of (1) a filament of predefined length, and (2) high intensity.(1) To achieve the first objective, one of the innovations of this thesis consists in introducing a controllable intermediate Bessel-Gauss beam close to the target, and in using a numerical algorithm to propagate this electric field forward in order to obtain the distribution of the filaments at the target point as well as back-propagate the intermediate field to obtain the desired laser output. The obtained laser output parameters are then related to filament features (starting point, length, density), providing a map for the key parameters defining the modulated laser pulse that can be projected onto the desired target field and filament.(2) For the objective of transmitting high intensities at kilometric distances, we examine the nonlinear propagation of circular Airy beams and show that a laser power of a few tens of GW is sufficient to ionize the air and form a short filament at a distance of 1 km, which could facilitate laser operating conditions compared to TW-class lasers used in conventional solutions to project high intensities at these distances.In a separate study, we propose an improvement of the elemental analysis algorithm of LIBS spectrum. The algorithm is applied to the extit{in situ} online detection of KCl and H[dollar]_2[dollar]O content in potash fertilizer by LIBS, in which correlation regression modeling of LIBS spectra is combined with a machine learning algorithm that efficiently extracts the information related to elemental content changes from the complex online collected spectra, which greatly improves the detection speed while ensuring the detection accuracy and further enhances the competitiveness
Matjinouche, Mohamed Yassine. „Méthode inverse pour la conception aérodynamique d'éléments de turbomachines“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDLA002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChabchoub, Mohamed-Amine. „Méthodes Energétiques Simplifiées Inverses : formulations et applications“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916927.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTran, Duc Toan. „Reconstruction de sollicitations dynamiques par méthodes inverses“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of the engineering, knowing the load applied on the structure which allows to solve the direct problem of which the results are given the field of displacement and strain in a structure. It is possible to perform a dimensioning. However, sometimes this load must be identified a posteriori. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to measure this load. Thus, for example, we do not know a priori where it will be loaded, either it is not possible to place a sensor without damaging it or needs too much space. We then have to use indirect measures of displacement, strain, acceleration and then we are lead to solve the inverse problems which are generally an ill-posed. It is then necessary to add one (or more) conditions to obtain a unique and stable solution: it is the regularization of the problem. These techniques are well known and their development is due to the use of the singular value decomposition of the transfer matrix. However, they require the use of an additional parameter that weights this additional condition: the determination of this parameter is difficult. Few studies having been realized in way the usual regularization methods of (Tikhonov and truncation of the (G)SVD), in association with the various criteria for determining the regularization parameter and the various possible responses, we conducted a such work, to draw conclusions on the optimal methodology. It has been highlighted that the measurement of the acceleration associated with a criterion involving the derived signal to reconstruct generally gives the best results via the GCV criterion to determine the regularization parameter. These methods suppose that the location of the loading area is known. We also were interested to deduct this loading area while trying to reconstruct load that is identically zero. This identification was performed easily that has little load to identify compared to the number of measurements available. However such identification is difficult when there are no more measures than loads to identify. Finally we turned to the identification of loading with the plastic structure. We then tried to reconstruct the load assuming that the structure remains linear-elastic, while it was plasticized: we used the method of the double load and performed simulations using the software ls-dyna. The reconstructed load then shows a static component reflecting the residual strain in the structure. In this case, the response used to identify the load is a strain in a non-plasticized zone
Ia, Davuth. „Méthodes d'imagerie et d'identification en électromagnétisme“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1586/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the recent problems in electromagnetism concerns the non destructive control applied to the detection of defaults, scattering objects or sources lying in middles which physical parameters are approximately known. The goal of these studies is to localize and to characterize, by their dielectrical properties, these differents elements. In a mathematical point of view, these problems are formalized in general by a coupled system of problems : direct problem - adjoint problem which one at least doesn't have a compact resolvent. In a numerical point of view, the resolution of this set of problems can lead to a ill conditioned problem which solving without a priori knowledge on the searched values have a huge numerical cost and even the lack of convergence in certain cases. By the way, some "fast" localization methods of inhomogeneities and/or sources have been developed these last years. The aim of these methods is to try to describe the searched elements in a geometrical point of view without trying to compute one its characteristics. These algorithms are in general fast. In this work, we adopt a two step strategy : first a fast localization step, then a characterization step
Nodet, Maëlle. „Problèmes inverses pour l'environnement : outils, méthodes et applications“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArhab, Slimane. „Profilométrie optique par méthodes inverses de diffraction électromagnétique“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4321/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptical profilometry is a nondestructive and fast noncontact surface metrology technique. In this thesis, we have tackled this issue with inverse scattering electromagnetic methods and in an Optical Digital Tomographic Microscopy (ODTM) configuration. The surface is probed with illuminations under several incidence angles; the measure of far scattered field amplitude and phase constitutes the problem data. Surface profiles have been reconstructed using different scattering models among which an approximate theory based on single scattering and paraxiality. The lateral resolution of this technique and classical profilometric approaches is limited by the so-called Abbe-Rayleigh's criterion defined out of the numerical aperture for illumination and field detection. In order to overpass this resolution limit, we have developed a regularized iterative Newton-Kantorovitch's method. The scattering operator is rigorously modelized with the method of moments, that is a numerical solution of boundary integral equations, and its Fréchet derivative adjoint states expression is deduced from the reciprocity theorem. For one-dimensional metallic surfaces, our method succeeds in inverting from synthetic data very rough surfaces with the resolutions beyond the Abbe-Rayleigh's criterion. The performance of this technique and inversion conditions clearly differ from one polarization to the other : in the TM case, interactions at longer distance than in the TE case improve yet the resolution. This work includes also an experimental validation of our inverse model on grooves in indium phosphure substrate at 633 nm
Liscouet, Jonathan. „Conception préliminaire des actionneurs électromécaniques : approche hybride, directe/inverse“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to propose innovative methods for the preliminary design of electromechanical actuators (EMA), and to implement them in software tools rapidly available for the industry. This objective is motivated by a strong demand of the industry, especially in aeronautics within the frame of the development of more electric aircrafts. First, this thesis puts forward a hybrid methodology (top-down/bottom-up) to generate and select systematically architectures with respect to requirements and the state of the art of technology. Second, methods to evaluate architectures in terms of power, integration (geometrical envelop and mass), reliability and closed loop performances are developed. The implementation of these methods is based on non-causal modelling combined to direct and inverse numerical simulations. Scaling laws, representative of the main sizing phenomena, are established to reduce the complexity of the models and the need for domain experts during the preliminary phases. The proposed methods and their implementation within the simulation framework Modelica/Dymola have been applied successfully to the examples of electromechanical actuators for the steering of a nose landing gear, the primary flight control of an aircraft and the thrust vector control of a space launcher. As a result, the duration of the architecture evaluation has been reduced from day-scale to hour-scale
Luo, Qiu. „L'étude et l'application des méthodes inverses aux problèmes vibro-acoustiques“. Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGao, Ying. „Conception d'une sonde fluxmétrique cylindrique : Application à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux granulaires par méthode inverse“. Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, a thermophysical characterization method of granular material based on the use of new fluxmetric probe has been developed. The probe has been designed as part of this study. A plan heating resistance encloses a cylindric support. Following the dissipation of resistance heat, the progress of flux and temperature are measured by three flux and temperature sensors distributed along the periphery. The determination of thermophysical characteristics of material is obtained by an inverse process predicated on a numerical model with finite differences. It can allow to identify the thermical diffusivity and effusivity of tested material as well as the "probe/material" contact resistance from only one test. Satisfying results have been obtained with dry sand
Sakami, Mohamed. „Application des méthodes inverses à la métrologie thermique par spectrométrie infrarouge“. Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichaux, Bertrand. „Méthodes inverses pour la détermination des profils d'aubes transsoniques des turbomachines“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to introduce a new numerical method allowing the computation of transonic blade profiles geometry for the turbomachineries. Under the assumptions that the flow is perfect and isentropic and from the data of the upstream Mach number, the Mach number distribution on the succion and pressure sides as well as the inlet and outlet flow angles, we develop first a two-dimensional method. This method is based on the numerical integration of a non-linear mixed type equation (elliptic, hyperbolic) which is obtained by transformation of physical domain in the plane defined by the streamlines and the potential lines of fluid. In the second part of this work, we consider the extension of the formulation of this method for the blade cascade design on stream surface of revolution
Maeght, Jean. „Analyse et méthodes pour un problème inverse en tomographie dynamique“. Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRota, Laurent. „Application de méthodes inverses au dépouillement de l'essai aux barres de Hopkinson“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 1997. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000895.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChata, Florent. „Estimation par méthodes inverses des profils d’émission des machines à bois électroportatives“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0161/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the determination of unknown aerosol sources emission profiles from aerosol concentration measurements in the far-field. This procedure includes two distinct steps. The first step consists in determining the model linking the aerosol source and the concentration measurements using a known source of aerosols and the corresponding dust measurements. In a second step, the unknown source of aerosols is reconstructed by inverting the model for the measured aerosol concentrations. This manuscript deals in a first time with the stationary case. The exposed theoretical approach allows to suggest an optimal sensors placement in addition to the source estimation method. In a second time, we consider the case where the unknown aerosol source is unsteady. The estimation method is then based on a convolutive system approach, introducing the concept of source/sensor impedance. After a presentation of the numerical inversion technique, the method is applied experimentally to the real case of hand-held wood working machines so as to classify the machines with respect to their emission rate
Mosbeux, Cyrille. „Quantification des processus responsables de l’accélération des glaciers émissaires par méthodes inverses“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI085/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current global warming has direct consequences on ice-sheet mass loss. Reproducing the responsible mechanisms and forecasting the potential ice-sheets contribution to 21st century sea level rise is one of the major challenges in ice-sheet and ice flow modelling. Ice flow models are now routinely used to forecast the potential ice-sheets contribution to sea level rise. Such short term simulations are very sensitive to model initial state, usually build from field observations. However, some parameters, such as the basal friction between icesheet and bedrock as well as the basal topography, are still badly known because of a lake of direct observations or large uncertainty on measurements. Improving the knowledge of these two parameters for Greenland and Antarctica is therefore a prerequisite for making reliable projections. Data assimilation and inverse methods have been developed in order to overcome this problem. This thesis presents two different assimilation algorithms to better constrain simulaneouslybasal friction and bedrock elevation parameters using surface observations. The first algorithm is entierly based on adjoint method while the second algorithm uses a cycling method coupling inversion of basal friction with adjoint method and inversion of bedrock topography with nudging method. Both algorithms have been implemented in the finite element ice sheet and ice flow model Elmer/Ice and tested in a twin experiment showing a clear improvement of both parameters knowledge. The application of both algorithms to regions such as the Wilkes Land in Antartica reduces the uncertainty on basal conditions, for instance providing more details to the bedrock geometry when compared to usual DEM. Moreover,the reconstruction of both bedrock elevation and basal friction significantly decreases ice flux divergence anomalies when compared to classical methods where only friction is inversed. We finaly sudy the impact of such inversion on pronostic simulation in order to compare the efficiency of the two algorithms to better constrain future ice-sheet contribution to sea level rise
Ramananjaona, Christophe Jean Gabriel. „Méthodes d'ensembles de niveaux pour la résolution de problèmes inverses des ondes“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette étude traite de la reconstruction non linéaire d'un objet homogène bidimensionnel (infiniment long dans la direction axiale) de connexité simple ou multiple, enfoui dans un espace libre ou un demi-espace, à partir de mesures de champ d'ondes harmoniques diffractées par celui-ci. Il s'agit d'un problème inverse dont la solution est recherchée itérativement à l'aide d'une représentation de l'objet sous forme d'un ensemble de niveaux, dont la déformation est contrôlée par une vitesse satisfaisant des conditions de minimisation d'une fonctionnelle objectif caractérisant l'erreur entre le champ diffracte et le champ reconstruit; les champs étant calculés sans approximation grâce à une méthode de moments reposant sur des intégrales de domaine. La nouveauté de ce travail tient notamment à l'extension de la méthode à la configuration stratifiée, ainsi qu'à l'utilisation d'une formulation lagrangienne de la fonctionnelle objectif, afin de calculer convenablement la dérivée, grâce au bon usage des propriétés des fonctions de Green, qui rassemblent de manière synthétique toute la configuration géométrique de l'expérience. L'analyse a été développée pour les ondes electromagnétiques en polarisation Transverses Magnétique (TM) et Electrique (TE), l'accent étant porté sur le mode TE-dont l'analyse est nouvelle-, qui numériquement requiert une attention particulière. Un algorithme alliant une méthode d'optimisation utilisant les ensembles de niveaux et la méthode de Levenberg-Marquardt a permis d'autre part de reconstruire des objets de contraste inconnu. Enfin, il a été développé un algorithme de point fixe qui, mettant en jeu une discrétisation directe des conditions d'optimalité, et moyennant la connaissance du volume de l'objet a reconstruire, permet d'obtenir un résultat satisfaisant en une ou deux itérations. Des données expérimentales acquises en laboratoire sur des objets conducteurs ou diélectriques en régime microonde ont été traitées avec de bons résultats
Doumenc, Frédéric. „Coefficients d'échange thermique superficiel : détermination par méthodes inverses en conduction bidimensionnelle transitoire“. Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the cooling by compressed air flow of the plungers used in the glass forming processes. The bad control of the plunger temperature leads to an increase of the fabrication default. Thus the objective of the study is to develop a thermal model which will allow the calculation of the plunger temperature field and which-will be used to optimize the cooling system configuration. In a first stage, the temperature field in the plunger/glass/mold system is determined with a on dimensional model. The radiation in the glass is treated with the discrete ordinate method and the model takes into account the different steps of forming cycle. This simplified model is used tio better understand the dehavior of the heat transfer in the plunger/glass/mold system and to determine the parameter that must be known accurately. The boundary conditions at the plunger/glass interface and at the inner surface cooled by air must be known accuraltely ti determine the plunger temperature. Two experimental set-up have been realized to determine by inverse heat conduction methods thes unknown boundary condition. The heat transfer coefficient between the plunger and the galss and between the plunger and the air are shown and examined for different experimental situations. The two dimensional thermal model solved with the finite elements technique is then described. Based on the boundary conditions determined experimentally, an example of the plunger temperature field during a glass forming cycle is given
Hakiel, Lukasz. „Conception et optimisation des nouvelles méthodes d'abattage“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ55761.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZeaiter, Amal. „Thermal Modeling and Cooling of Electric Motors : Application to the Propulsion of Hybrid Aircraft Thermal Sensitivity Analysis of a High Power Density Electric Motor for Aeronautical Application Numerical Approach to Determining Windings’ Thermal Conductivity Electro-thermal Models and Design Approach for High Specific Power Electric Motor for Hybrid Aircraft Determination of electric motor losses and critical temperatures through an inverse approach“. Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concern of this thesis is the thermal modeling of high-specific power electric motors. The aim is to allow finding the efficient and adequate cooling solutions of the motors designed for hybrid aircraft propulsion application. Two specific power values, 5 kW/kg for the short-term (year 2025) and 10 kW/kg for the long-term (year 2035), are targeted, each with specific requirements. The investigated type of electric motors is the synchronous machine with surface-mounted permanent magnets. This motor type is constrained by relatively low values of maximum allowed temperatures in windings and magnets. Once reached, these temperature values lead to a failure in motor operation or at least to shortening its lifetime. Moreover, with a closed motor design and high heat fluxes generated, the optimization of the cooling is essential.To become acquainted with the issue, a detailed state of the art on electric machine cooling is elaborated. Then, the commonly used techniques and the recent technological advancements are analyzed with respect to our case study. Afterward, in order to predict motor thermal behavior and ensure the monitoring of critical temperatures (windings and magnets), a nodal transient model is implemented and solved on Matlab software. This latter is built for the whole system of the motor and cooling circuit. Specific conditions of the flight are taken into account, particularly the outside air temperature variation in terms of altitude and the flight mission profile. Actually, the motor losses, generating the heat in the machine, vary depending on the motor power during the mission. For the identification of crucial parameters, a Finite-Element study was conducted and corresponding correlations were elaborated to estimate the windings thermal conductivity through polynomial interpolation.Several studies were carried out involving the influence of the thermo-physical properties, the outside temperature, the coolant nature, its flow rate as well as the exchanger surface, on the temperature response of the model. This model has allowed studying several motor designs and proposing adequate cooling solutions. For each target, a final optimal configuration of the motor with its cooling system was adopted.Besides, since the electromagnetic and mechanical losses are hardly estimated in this machine type, a chapter was dedicated to identifying them through an inverse approach. A sequential technique, that uses Beck’s function specification for regularization, was developed. Three cases of unknown losses, with increasing complexity, were studied, proving the method's reliability. Finally, using the same developed low-order model, the real-time procedure also allows monitoring low-accessibility motor temperatures (specifically hot spots)
Weisz-Patrault, Daniel, und Daniel Weisz-Patrault. „Recherche et utilisation de méthodes analytiques inverses pour des problèmes couplés thermo élastiques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00809347.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeisz-Patrault, Daniel. „Recherche et utilisation de méthodes analytiques inverses pour des problèmes couplés thermo élastiques“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1171/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is about the use of analytical mathematics within the framework of inverse methods applied to industry. These works are devoted to the development of sensors using real-time inverse methods adapted for rolling process. Steel producer ArcelorMittal leads a European project that aims to demonstrate the feasibility of sensors measuring fields (temperature, stress) in the contact between the product and the tool without altering physical conditions of this contact. The thesis has been funded by l'école des Ponts ParisTech. However, a three-year contract signed with ArcelorMittal has enabled the author to be part of the European project, and thus his research has been motivated by a real industrial demand. The aim of this thesis is twofold, academic and industrial; academic in the sense that these works seek to identify and use efficiently existing analytical methods for inverse problems occurring in thermo-elasticity in the context of real-time metrology. Indeed, analytical solutions are often exploited as purely theoretical cases, finding in many ways some success in engineering (for example in linear elasticity with stress intensity factors), but are most of the time relegated to the validation of numerical codes under simple assumptions. As a matter of fact, there is no research any more in pure mathematics concerning these solutions and analytical methods. However, the specific complications related to the inverse nature of problems under consideration, penalize numerical algorithms because inverse problems are ill-posed and stabilization is needed. But it remains often difficult if we consider the extreme loads (very sharp gradients) applied to industrial tools during rolling. Moreover, the real-time metrology excludes the use of numerical codes too costly in terms of computation time (iterative methods etc...). Both aspects contribute to renew widely interest for analytical solutions. It is then necessary to collect most effective and efficient (in terms of computation time and precision) methods and emphasis the most suitable for metrology. We will see various series expansions, not only to give a sequence of measured points an analytical form, but also to simplify the partial differential equations to solve. On the other hand, the goal of this thesis is also industrial, as these works are part of a process of development of sensors adapted for steel rolling industry. Thus, the robustness to measurement noise, technological constraints related to the local measurement systems (such as limitations in terms of frequency of acquisition) and calibration issues are central in the developments. Thus, the whole work can be a kind of rehabilitation of analytical methods. Their superiority over numerical methods (in terms of computation time and sometime accuracy) is highlighted, in the specific context of metrology in real-time on simple geometries. Three inverse methods in two-dimensions suitable for rolling process were developed successfully (isothermal elastic, thermal and thermoelastic coupling) and a series of experimental tests were made on the laboratory mill of ArcelorMittal. In addition, three-dimensional extensions of elastic and thermal inverse methods are also detailed
Acuna, Diego. „Méthodes scientifiques de conception produit : Approche Franco-Américaine“. Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Buhan Maya. „Problèmes inverses et simulations numériques en viscoélasticité 3D“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDardé, Jérémi. „Méthodes de quasi-réversibilité et de lignes de niveau appliquées aux problèmes inverses elliptiques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551853.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoulez, Ferréol. „Une approche problèmes inverses pour la reconstruction de données multi-dimensionnelles par méthodes d'optimisation“. Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379735.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'approche « problèmes inverses » consiste à rechercher les causes à partir des effets ; c'est-à-dire estimer les paramètres décrivant un système d'après son observation. Pour cela, on utilise un modèle physique décrivant les liens de causes à effets entre les paramètres et les observations. Le terme inverse désigne ainsi l'inversion de ce modèle direct. Seulement si, en règle générale, les mêmes causes donnent les mêmes effets, un même effet peut avoir différentes causes et il est souvent nécessaire d'introduire des a priori pour restreindre les ambiguïtés de l'inversion. Dans ce travail, ce problème est résolu en estimant par des méthodes d'optimisations, les paramètres minimisant une fonction de coût regroupant un terme issu du modèle de formation des données et un terme d'a priori.
Nous utilisons cette approche pour traiter le problème de la déconvolution aveugle de données multidimensionnelles hétérogène ; c'est-à-dire de données dont les différentes dimensions ont des significations et des unités différentes. Pour cela nous avons établi un cadre général avec un terme d'a priori séparable, que nous avons adapté avec succès à différentes applications : la déconvolution de données multi-spectrales en astronomie, d'images couleurs en imagerie de Bayer et la déconvolution aveugle de séquences vidéo bio-médicales (coronarographie, microscopie classique et confocale).
Cette même approche a été utilisée en holographie numérique pour la vélocimétrie par image de particules (DH-PIV). Un hologramme de micro-particules sphériques est composé de figures de diffraction contenant l'information sur la la position 3D et le rayon de ces particules. En utilisant un modèle physique de formation de l'hologramme, l'approche « problèmes inverses » nous a permis de nous affranchir des problèmes liées à la restitution de l'hologramme (effet de bords, images jumelles...) et d'estimer les positions 3D et le rayon des particules avec une précision améliorée d'au moins un facteur 5 par rapport aux méthodes classiques utilisant la restitution. De plus, nous avons pu avec cette méthode détecter des particules hors du champs du capteur élargissant ainsi le volume d'intérêt d'un facteur 16.
Maréchal, William. „Utilisation de méthodes inverses pour la caractérisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP)“. Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the development of intermittent sources of energy and the depletion of fossil fuels, the subject of energy storage is becoming an important topic. One of the studied options is tthe latent hermal storage using of phase change materials (PCM). One application for this type of energy storage is to improve the thermal insulation in buildings. To make the best use of these materials it is necessary to be able to predict their energy behavior. This requires a precise knowledge of their thermophysical properties, first of all of the specific enthalpy function of the material . Currently, it is often suggested to approximate the enthalpy by the direct integration of the thermograms obtained through calorimetry experiments (notion of "equivalent" calorific capacity). This approach is false because thermograms are only a time related representation of complex phenomena where thermal transfers arise in the cell of the calorimeter acting with the thermophysical properties. As a result, for example, the shape of thermograms depends on the heating rate and on the mass of the sample, which is not the case for the enthalpy of the PCM, which depends, at constant pressure, only on the temperature or on the concentration (for the solutions). We propose to compare the results given by a of a numerical direct model with experimental thermograms. The main objective in this thesis is then to use this direct model in an inverse method in order to identify the parameters of the equation of state, which enables us to calculate the specific enthalpy . First of all, the detail of an enthalpy model is presented, and then validated by comparison with experiments, allowing us to reconstruct the thermograms of pure substances or of salt solutions, of which the enthalpies are known. A study of the influence of the various parameters ( , , , .,..) on the shape of thermograms is also undertaken in order to deduce their sensibilities. A reduced model is then developed in order to reduce the calculating time of the direct model. This optimized model allows the use of inverse methods with acceptable durations. Several inverses algorithms are then presented: Levenberg-Marquardt, evolutionary and Simplex which has proved to be the fastest). We shall then apply this algorithm to identify, from calorimetric experiments, the enthalpy function of pure substances or of salt solutions. The results that we obtain show that it is possible to identify a function independent of the heating rate and of the mass, which validates the method. An analysis of the various sources of errors in the identification process and of their influences on the result allows us to estimate the quality of the enthalpy function that we identify
Dib, Rabih. „Caractérisation vibratoire des machines industrielles par des méthodes pseudo-inverses : méthodologie, instrumentation et expérimentation“. Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1424.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAiboud, Fazia. „Méthodes approchées pour la résolution de problèmes inverses : identificaiton paramétrique et génération de formes“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2013CLF22399_AIBOUD.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is realized in collaboration between LIMOS laboratory and IBC Company. Thiscompany develops a generic simulation and modeling framework, which generates multi-scales biological systems models, particularly, synthetic human organs. This framework combines different models with two description scales: macroscopic with differential equations to model the organ operation and microscopic to model cellular interactions by cellular automata. The aim of this work is to propose methods to solve two problems: parameter identification of differential equations and rules determination of cellular automata which modeled the organ structure. Proposed methods to microscopic modeling are based on metaheuristics (simulated annealing and genetic algorithm). These methods determine the parameters of differential equations from a set of temporal observations. Heuristics (greedy algorithm and deterministic local search) and metaheuristics (genetic algorithm, iterated local search and simulated annealing) are proposed in the case of macroscopic modeling. These methods determine the transition function and the number of generations of the cellular automaton generating a shape as near as a targeted shape. Different approaches, encoding, criteria, neighborhood systems and interaction system are proposed. Experimentations are realized to generate some type of shapes (full, symmetric and any shape)
Celse, Benoît. „Reconnaissance tridimensionnelle en avant du front de taille par méthodes sismiques“. Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-261.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbdessalam, Hichem. „Modélisation thermo-rhéo-cinétique, simulation numérique et caractérisation expérimentale du procédé de moussage du polyuréthane“. Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the increasing use of polyurethane foam in the automotive industry and the complexity of the shapes of the parts, several production defects that affect the quality of the final products may occur. The use of numerical simulation tools is a valuable method to control the mold filling during the foaming process and to detect defects at an early stage. In this context, this work aimed to model and to simulate the polyurethane foaming process. Models taking into account the two main chemical reactions of the formation of polyurethane, the exothermic effect of these reactions as well as the thermo-rheo-kinetic coupling characterizing this process have been proposed. These models have beenimplemented in the software NOGRID-points based on a meshless method (FPM) which gives more flexibility in terms of simulation of free surface flows. The parameters of the used models were identified by an inverse analysis method which minimizes the difference between the numerical and the experimental results obtained by an experimental characterization work. The numerical resultswere validated by carrying out a set of short shot foams using a panel mold cavity and an automotive underlay carpet cavity. The validation was to compare the flow front positions obtained experimentally with the numerical ones. We have also proposed a prediction of some acoustic foam characteristics based on the results of the numerical simulation of the foaming process and a semiphenomenological model
Bourmaud, Gaëtan. „Les systèmes d'instruments : méthodes d'analyse et perspectives de conception“. Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109046.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellel'ordonnancement de la maintenance dans une entreprise de télédiffusion. Nous nous
inscrivons dans le cadre théorique des activités avec instruments qui propose une approche
psychologique des outils, alors nommés instruments. Les instruments ne sont pas donnés
d'emblée, ils sont constitués par le sujet lui-même dans le cadre de processus de genèses
instrumentales assimilables à une poursuite de la conception dans l'usage. Notre travail se
propose d'étudier les instruments comme un ensemble cohérent et organisé par le sujet pour
répondre à la variété des situations rencontrées, nous parlons alors de système
d'instruments. Dans cette recherche, l'enrichissement du cadre théorique tient (1) en une
approche méthodologique spécifique des systèmes d'instruments et (2) en la proposition de
perspectives nouvelles pour une conception anthropocentrée sur la base des caractéristiques
des systèmes d'instruments.
Migeot, Jean-Louis. „Méthodes numériques pour la conception vibro-acoustique des structures“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFeredj, Mohamed. „Etude des méthodes de conception de composants domaine-polymorphes“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmbedded systems are used in numerous application domains and mix several technologies, what makes them complex and heterogeneous systems. They are composed of subsystems that are designed using a model of computation (MoC) that suits the needs of their designers. The MoCs are the laws that govern the interaction of the components of a subsystem. In order to use an atomic component, the behavior of which is specified according to a given MoC, in a model that obeys a different MoC, we can use the hierarchical approach, the non-hierarchical approach or build a domain-specific component (DSC). Such components obey the MoC for which they have been designed. To overcome these problems, we propose a new model of component, that we call <>. Such a component is atomic and able to execute its core behavior, specified under a given MoC, under different host MoCs. By decoupling the semantics of the specification and the semantics of the execution context, our approach provides good modularity. The adaptation to the semantic of execution is automatic, so the domain-polymorph components are easily reusable. It is possible to customize their adaptation to the host MoC in order to get explicit control on the interactionsbetween MoCs, what facilitates the maintainability and the process of validation of the systems
Behar-Cany, Linda. „Méthodes d'aide à la conception optimale des systèmes multicorps“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaget, Xavier. „Application expérimentale de méthodes inverses avancées pour l'imagerie des propriétés électromagnétiques d'un matériau magnéto-diélectrique“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this thesis is the non-destructive characterization of complex inhomogeneous magneto-dielectric structures. Successively, the experimental developments, the modelling and the data treatments stages are addressed. A forward model that links the scattered field to the electromagnetic properties is established. This model requires some finite element computations in order to estimate the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in presence of the magneto-dielectric object which is glued on a metallic support. A multistatic bench has been designed and constructed in order to collect measured scattered fields. Several adjustments and calibration procedures have been carried out to reduce the measurement noise and biases. Next, the inverse problem has been dealt with, in order to retrieve the electromagnetic properties of the samples, from the measured scattered field. The inverse problem is mainly solved with a linear approach, with a careful selection of the hyperparameters. Once the system has been fine tuned, six studies have been realized to validate our 2D imaging system. The assessment of the measurement uncertainty, the evaluation of the spatial resolution, the characterization of various magnetics materials and the use of different supports with variable geometries have been performed. So far, all the developments were done under a 2D hypothesis. That is why, we have then focused our research on the design of a 3D innovative imaging setup. To this end, a secondary source moving close to the target has been added in order to gain information in the third direction. A numerical study has been performed to assess the expected performances of this new setup
Mourad, Firas. „Estimation par méthodes inverses des paramètres de glissement et de diffusion des calottes glaciaires d'Antarctique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModels describing natural phenomena can depend on parameters that cannot be directly measured, hence the necessity to develop inverse techniques to determine them. Our goal is to utilize such techniques to enable better initialization of ice sheet models for Antarctica. This will help such models to produce better forecasts as part of climate studies. The parameters of interest are the basal sliding coefficient, which characterizes the contact of the ice sheet with the bed underneath, and the diffusion coefficient which dictates the dynamics within the mass-continuity partial differential equation describing the movement of ice sheets. A Lyapunov based approach is proposed to control the convergence of the 1D and 2D inhomogeneous transport models toward a feasible equilibrium matching the measurements of surface topography of the Antarctic ice sheet. Our work offers a new 1D update law for the basal sliding coefficient inversion. We also use adaptive distributed parameter inversion to retrieve basal sliding from diffusion in 1D and 2D models. These two methods are tested on study cases and real data. Our results show that the methods proposed are successful in inverting for sliding and diffusion while replicating the available data
Mugnier, Laurent. „Problèmes inverses en Haute Résolution Angulaire“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRepetti, Audrey. „Algorithmes d'optimisation en grande dimension : applications à la résolution de problèmes inverses“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn efficient approach for solving an inverse problem is to define the recovered signal/image as a minimizer of a penalized criterion which is often split in a sum of simpler functions composed with linear operators. In the situations of practical interest, these functions may be neither convex nor smooth. In addition, large scale optimization problems often have to be faced. This thesis is devoted to the design of new methods to solve such difficult minimization problems, while paying attention to computational issues and theoretical convergence properties. A first idea to build fast minimization algorithms is to make use of a preconditioning strategy by adapting, at each iteration, the underlying metric. We incorporate this technique in the forward-backward algorithm and provide an automatic method for choosing the preconditioning matrices, based on a majorization-minimization principle. The convergence proofs rely on the Kurdyka-L ojasiewicz inequality. A second strategy consists of splitting the involved data in different blocks of reduced dimension. This approach allows us to control the number of operations performed at each iteration of the algorithms, as well as the required memory. For this purpose, block alternating methods are developed in the context of both non-convex and convex optimization problems. In the non-convex case, a block alternating version of the preconditioned forward-backward algorithm is proposed, where the blocks are updated according to an acyclic deterministic rule. When additional convexity assumptions can be made, various alternating proximal primal-dual algorithms are obtained by using an arbitrary random sweeping rule. The theoretical analysis of these stochastic convex optimization algorithms is grounded on the theory of monotone operators. A key ingredient in the solution of high dimensional optimization problems lies in the possibility of performing some of the computation steps in a parallel manner. This parallelization is made possible in the proposed block alternating primal-dual methods where the primal variables, as well as the dual ones, can be updated in a quite flexible way. As an offspring of these results, new distributed algorithms are derived, where the computations are spread over a set of agents connected through a general hyper graph topology. Finally, our methodological contributions are validated on a number of applications in signal and image processing. First, we focus on optimization problems involving non-convex criteria, in particular image restoration when the original image is corrupted with a signal dependent Gaussian noise, spectral unmixing, phase reconstruction in tomography, and blind deconvolution in seismic sparse signal reconstruction. Then, we address convex minimization problems arising in the context of 3D mesh denoising and in query optimization for database management
Bouffard, Émilie. „Conception de bâtiments solaires : méthodes et outils des architectes dans les phases initiales de conception“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29945/29945.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGillard, Frédéric. „Conception et réalisation d’un micro-spectromètre dans l’infrarouge“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to satisfy the need for handheld infrared spectrometers, the ONERA developed a new concept called MICROSPOC. This device is an infrared focal plane array with a built-in two-wave wedge-like interferometer and forms a static Fourier-transform spectrometer. This modified focal plane array, which merges the detection function and the interferometric function, in association with a simplified optical system, allows to consider the realisation of a much compact instrument. The goal of this thesis is to design and to realize a miniaturized infrared spectrometer based on the MICROSPOC concept.Firstly, a theoritical work has been led in order to design a compact optical system. Since we have chosen a collection optical system (the focal plane array sees an extended source placed at a finite distance), the study of MICROSPOC angular acceptance in these lightening conditions is needed in order to predict the contrast and the shape of interference fringes. The huge angular acceptance of MICROSPOC will be established with the results of this study.Secondly, a demonstrator based on MICROSPOC device and on the simplified optical system has been realized. This demonstrator has been caracterized in the laboratory and used in real conditions of a measurement campaign. These different exploitations have shown the robustness of the instrument despite some defaults on acquired interferograms.Then, a processing chain has been developed in order to estimate a spectrum from an interferogram acquired with our demonstrator. Considering the MICROSPOC’s own characteristics, the Fourier-transform is not the best way to estimate a spectrum. We have come to this conclusion by studying the effects of cut-off wavelenghts disparities of the detector on the spectrum estimation. At this point we have considered an approach that consists of using the spectral characterization of the instrument in order to inverse the measure. This approach gives satisfying results.Finaly, the main goal has been widened with the design and the realisation of other instruments that combine a spectrometric function and a imaging function. The first elements for the design of a handheld spectrometer have been given
Moreau-Villéger, Valérie. „Méthodes variationnelles et séquentielles pour l'étude de la contraction cardiaque“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634169.
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