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Thematische Bibliographien / Methanol-water

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Methanol-water“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 22. Juni 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Methanol-water"

1

Fileti, Eudes E., and Sylvio Canuto. "Calculated infrared spectra of hydrogen-bonded methanol-water, water-methanol, and methanol-methanol complexes." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 104, no. 5 (2005): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.20585.

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2

Barraclough, Colin G., Peter T. McTigue, and Y. Leung Ng. "Surface potentials of water, methanol and water + methanol mixtures." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 329, no. 1-2 (1992): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80205-i.

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3

Kurihara, Kiyofumi, Tsuyoshi Minoura, Kouichi Takeda, and Kazuo Kojima. "Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Methanol + Ethanol + Water, Methanol + Water, and Ethanol + Water." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 40, no. 3 (1995): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00019a033.

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4

Masella, Michel, and Jean Pierre Flament. "Relation between cooperative effects in cyclic water, methanol/water, and methanol trimers and hydrogen bonds in methanol/water, ethanol/water, and dimethylether/water heterodimers." Journal of Chemical Physics 108, no. 17 (1998): 7141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476131.

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5

Ratanakandilok, S. "Coal desulfurization with methanol/water and methanol/KOH." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, no. 4 (2002): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)86071-4.

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6

Ratanakandilok, S., S. Ngamprasertsith, and P. Prasassarakich. "Coal desulfurization with methanol/water and methanol/KOH." Fuel 80, no. 13 (2001): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00047-3.

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7

Rived, Fernando, Immaculada Canals, Elisabeth Bosch, and Martı́ Rosés. "Acidity in methanol–water." Analytica Chimica Acta 439, no. 2 (2001): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01046-7.

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8

Tian, Gang, Cong Yang, Xiaoxia Li, et al. "Determination and correlation of refractive index of three binary and ternary systems containing hydroxyl ionic liquids/ water/methanol." Materials Express 10, no. 4 (2020): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2020.1667.

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In this paper, the refractive index of methanol + water, [HOEMIm]Cl + methanol, [HOEMMIm]Cl + methanol, [OHEN1,1,1]Cl + methanol, [HOEMIm]Cl + water, [OHEN1,1,1]Cl + water, [HOEMMIm]Cl + water, [OHEN1,1]Cl + water, [HOEMIm]Cl + methanol + water, [HOEMMIm]Cl + methanol + water and [OHEN1,1,1]Cl+methanol+water at different temperatures were determined by refractometer. The physical database of hydroxyl ionic liquids was enriched, and the excess refractive index of these systems was obtained by calculation. The relationship between the refractive index or the excess refractive index and the composition mole fraction were established at 20 °C.

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9

Sun, Tong, Gerald Wilemski, Barbara N. Hale, and Barbara E. Wyslouzil. "The effects of methanol clustering on methanol–water nucleation." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 18 (2022): 184301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0120876.

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The formation of subcritical methanol clusters in the vapor phase is known to complicate the analysis of nucleation measurements. Here, we investigate how this process affects the onset of binary nucleation as dilute water–methanol mixtures in nitrogen carrier gas expand in a supersonic nozzle. These are the first reported data for water–methanol nucleation in an expansion device. We start by extending an older monomer–dimer–tetramer equilibrium model to include larger clusters, relying on Helmholtz free energy differences derived from Monte Carlo simulations. The model is validated against the pressure/temperature measurements of Laksmono et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 5855 (2011)] for dilute methanol–nitrogen mixtures expanding in a supersonic flow prior to the appearance of liquid droplets. These data are well fit when the maximum cluster size imax is 6–12. The extended equilibrium model is then used to analyze the current data. On the addition of small amounts of water, heat release prior to particle formation is essentially unchanged from that for pure methanol, but liquid formation proceeds at much higher temperatures. Once water comprises more than ∼24 mol % of the condensable vapor, droplet formation begins at temperatures too high for heat release from subcritical cluster formation to perturb the flow. Comparing the experimental results to binary nucleation theory is challenged by the need to extrapolate data to the subcooled region and by the inapplicability of explicit cluster models that require a minimum of 12 molecules in the critical cluster.

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10

Buettner, Joerg, Maritza Gutierrez, and A. Henglein. "Sonolysis of water-methanol mixtures." Journal of Physical Chemistry 95, no. 4 (1991): 1528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100157a004.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Methanol-water"

1

Xu, Chao. "Transport phenomena of methanol and water in liquid feed direct methanol fuel cells /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202008%20XU.

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2

Dixit, Sanhita. "Molecular models of hydration in methanol-water mixtures." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10880.

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The work presented in this thesis addresses the issue of hydration of a simple amphiphile-like molecule; methanol. High-resolution Raman spectroscopy is used to study methanol-water mixtures over the whole concentration range. A highly non-linear dependence of the carbon-oxygen and carbon-hydrogen stretching frequencies with composition is observed. The data suggest the first global picture of the progressive hydration of methanol: water first breaks up the molecular chains which exist in pure methanol, and then completely hydrates the hydroxyl groups before solvating in hydrophobic methyl groups. In order to corroborate this proposed picture, neutron diffraction experiments using hydrogen/deuterium substitution were performed on a concentrated methanol in water mixture (70 mole% methanol : 30 mole% water) and a dilute methanol in water mixture (5 mole% methanol : 95 mole% water). The diffraction data were modelled using the Empirical Potential Structural Refinement technique. In the concentrated mixture, although there is insufficient water for the classical hydrophobic mechanism to operate, the structural effects observed are consistent with those that might be expected in a hydrophobically driven system. An unexpected reduction is found in the methyl-methyl contact distance compared to pure methanol, which corresponds to an overall compressive effect apparently driven by hydrogen bonding of the added water to the alcohol hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly, the water structure is largely preserved in this mixture. The results obtained provide unambiguous evidence for the preferential interaction of the methanol hydroxyl group with water and suggest that hydrogen bonding interactions between water and polar groups of amphiphilic molecules may be more important than previously thought.

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3

Waghe, Aparna. "Computer Simulations of Water and Methanol in Carbon Nanotube." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WagheA2007.pdf.

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Lancaster, N. M. "Excess enthalpies of mixtures containing water and methanol vapours." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375388.

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5

Lee, Christopher. "Computer simulation of ethylene glycol oxidation and methanol-water interactions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51368/.

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In this project, density functional theory calculations were performed to study the adsorption of ethylene glycol to the MgO (100), MgO (130), Al2O3 (0001), PdO (101) surfaces, as well as Au38 and Au38O16 nanoparticles. Adsorption of ethylene glycol is favourable to all of these surfaces with Al2O3 (0001) and PdO (101) showing the most favourable adsorption at -168 kJ mol-1 and -135 kJ mol-1 respectively. The MgO surfaces showed adsorption energies between -80 kJ mol-1 and -100 kJ mol-1, and the gold nanoparticles showed lower adsorption energies at approximately -35 kJ mol-1. Barriers to O-H activation and C-H activation of ethylene glycol were also studied on these surfaces. The barriers to O-H activation were small over each of the surfaces (between 8 and 46 kJ mol-1) and large for the gold nanoparticles (108 kJ mol-1). The barriers to C-H activation were very large over the MgO surfaces (>300 kJ mol-1), and lower over the PdO (101) surface (63 kJ mol-1) and the gold nanoparticles (68 kJ mol-1). C-H activation was found to not be possible over the Al2O3 (0001) surface. Classical molecular dynamics studies were performed on various water and methanol mixtures as well as in the presence of a hydroxylated Al2O3 (0001) surface. It was found that in methanol there are on average 1.1 oxygen – oxygen close contacts with other methanol molecules in pure methanol, and water has on average between 2.03 and 2.86 oxygen – oxygen close contacts, with more being present at higher temperatures. The presence of a hydroxylated aluminium oxide surface induces local ordering in the methanol molecules resulting in an increase in methanol – methanol and water – methanol oxygen – oxygen contacts, however there is a decrease in water oxygen – water oxygen contacts.

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6

Hama, Tetsuya. "Photodissociation dynamics of amorphous solid water and amorphous solid methanol." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120883.

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7

Omideyi, T. O. "The economics of heat pump assisted distillation of methanol water mixtures." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376879.

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Powell, David Hugh. "The structure of solutions of simple electrolytes in water and methanol." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330038.

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9

Chatterjee, Amritendu. "Solution properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in methanol-water mixed solvent media." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1573.

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10

Genova-Koleva, Radostina Vasileva. "Electrocatalyst development for PEM water electrolysis and DMFC: towards the methanol economy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462861.

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In this thesis, the hydrogen obtained in a PEM water electrolizer (PEMWE) as a reactant to produce methanol when combined with the CO2 captured from the combustion of fossil fuels is proposed. Methanol is easy to manage as a fuel for DMFCs and this would help to recycle the CO2 responsible for the climate change. PEMWEs have several advantages in comparison with the alkaline electrolysis such as ecological cleanness, low power consumption, small mass, and high purity of the evolved gases. TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes as supports for electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were developed. TiO2 and Nb-doped TiO2 with different Nb contents (3-10 at.% Nb vs. Ti) were synthesized via sol-gel method, whereas TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) and Nb-doped TiO2 nanotubes (Nb-TNT) were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The specific surface areas were in the range of 80-100 m2 g-1 for nanoparticles and in the range 150 – 300 m2 g-1 for nanotubes. XPS measurements showed a local increase of the electron density on Pt when supported onto Nb-TNT, thus indicating a strong metal-support interaction. According to the electrochemical testing, the highest activity towards HER corresponded to Pt supported on 3 at. % Nb-TNT, obtaining better results than those reported in the literature using other materials. IrO2 and IrRuOx (atomic ratio Ir:Ru equal to 60:40) as OER catalysts were synthesized via the hydrolysis method. From the electrochemical experiments, the highest OER activity of IrO2/Nb-TNT, due to the better dispersion of IrO2 onto the support, was shown. The catalysts supported onto Nb-doped TNT presented the lowest overpotentials for OER. MEAs 5 cm2 in section were prepared using a new low temperature decal method. IrO2, IrRuOx and 50 wt. % IrO2/Nb-TNT were applied as the anode electrocatalysts with a catalyst loading optimized to 2.0 mgoxide cm-2. Pt loading on the cathode was optimized to 0.5 mgPt cm-2 (Pt black and 20 wt. % Pt/Vulcan XC72 were used). The best performance at 80 °C corresponded to current densities of 0.100 and 0.500 A cm-2 at 1.430 and 1.494 V, respectively, with 50 wt.% IrO2/Nb-TNT on the anode and 20 wt. % Pt/Vulcan XC72 on the cathode. The increase in cost of the MEA with respect to the use of unsupported IrO2 was not significant. Different solvents (n-butyl acetate (NBA) and 2-propanol (IPA)) having different polarity were used to prepare the catalyst inks of the DMFC electrodes. The catalysts were commercially available Pt and PtRu blacks. The light scattering experiments indicated that the PtRu-Nafion® aggregates in the inks prepared with NBA were larger. The SEM and porosimetry measurements of the catalyst layers showed that the secondary pore volume between the agglomerates was larger for NBA. The linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results for the methanol electrooxidation in the three-electrode cell denoted the higher active surface area for NBA. The transport limitation was more apparent for IPA because the corresponding size and porosity of the agglomerates formed by the ionomer and the catalyst nanoparticles were smaller than for NBA. The polarization curves of MEAs in which the anode catalyst layers were formulated with NBA and IPA were recorded in single DMFCs with 2 mol dm-3 CH3OH aqueous solutions at 60 °C. The cathode feed was dry synthetic air at atmospheric pressure. The power density given by the MEA prepared with NBA was about 74 % greater when compared to that prepared with IPA. The interpretation of the EIS results indicated that the proton resistance for NBA was significantly lower than for IPA, thus confirming the greater number of accessible active sites for methanol oxidation in the former.<br>La economía del metanol contempla el uso de dicho alcohol como combustible, obtenido a partir de hidrógeno y CO2 capturado de la combustión de combustibles fósiles, ayudando a mitigar el cambio climático. Para ello se han preparado nanopartículas y nanotubos de TiO2 y de TiO2 dopados con Nb como soportes de catalizadores para electrolizadores de agua PEM. El Nb permitió aumentar la superficie específica de los soportes hasta 300 m2 g-1 (nanotubos). Mediante XPS se demostró un aumento local de la densidad electrónica sobre el Pt soportado sobre TiO2 dopado con Nb, resultando el de contenido del 3 at. % en Nb el de mejores prestaciones para la reducción del hidrógeno, con valores superiores a los descritos en la literatura. Para el desprendimiento de oxígeno se sintetizaron los catalizadores IrO2 e IrRuOx (Ir: Ru de 60:40 at. %), también aplicados sobre nanotubos de TiO2. Se encontró una mejor actividad para IrO2 soportado sobre nanotubos de TiO2 dopados con Nb debido a una mejor dispersión del catalizador sobre el soporte. Se prepararon MEAs con los mejores electrodos para un electrolizador PEM mediante un nuevo método de calcomanía de baja temperatura. El mejor rendimiento correspondió al IrO2 (50 % en peso) soportado sobre nanotubos de TiO2 dopados con Nb en el ánodo, con escaso impacto económico con respecto al uso del IrO2 sin soportar. En cuanto a la pila de combustible DMFC, se prepararon electrodos de PtRu sin soportar, empleando tintas con Nafion y dos disolventes diferentes, con distinta polaridad, acetato de n-butilo (NBA) y 2-propanol (IPA). El tamaño de los agregados y la porosidad fue superior en NBA debido a su menor polaridad, obteniéndose también en este caso una mayor superficie activa. Las curvas de polarización en CH3OH 2 mol dm-3 y aire a 60 °C de los MEAs formulados con NBA, catalizados mediante negro de PtRu y negro de Pt en ánodo y cátodo, respectivamente, indicaron también mejores prestaciones cuando los MEAs se formularon con NBA en el ánodo en lugar de IPA. La densidad de corriente límite con NBA fue unas tres veces mayor y la densidad de potencia un 75% superior.

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Bücher zum Thema "Methanol-water"

1

Omideyi, T. O. The economics of heat pump assisted distillation of methanol water mixtures. University of Salford, 1986.

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2

Watremetz, L. G. Modelling the methanol synthesis via the reverse water gas shift reaction. UMIST, 1997.

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L, Dryer F., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Transient numerical modeling of the combustion of bi-component liquid droplets: Methanol/water mixture. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Gabon, Jacqueline-Elizabeth. Fate of glucosinolates in methanol-ammonia-water treatment of canola seed. 1987.

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Transient numerical modeling of the combustion of bi-component liquid droplets: Methanol/water mixture. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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6

Winkler, Adolf. Reaction studies on nanostructured surfaces. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.12.

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This article examines the properties of some self-organized nanostructured surfaces with respect to specific model reactions, from a surface-science point of view. It begins with an overview of the most important types of nanostructured surfaces, their preparation and characterization. It then considers the fundamentals of reaction processes, focusing on the kinetics and dynamics of adsorption and desorption. It also describes the experimental techniques used in the context of reaction studies under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Finally, it presents some experimental results of model reactions, including hydrogen adsorption and desorption on stepped nickel surfaces, methanol adsorption on self-assembled copper-copper oxide surfaces, and hydrogen desorption and water formation on vanadium-oxide nanostructures on palladium surfaces.

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7

Ozone-enhanced biofiltration for geosmin and MIB removal. Awwa Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, 2005.

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Summers, R. S., Paul Westerhoff, Z. Chowdhury, and Sunil Kommineni. Ozone-Enhanced Biofiltration for Geosmin and MIB Removal. American Water Works Research Foundation, 2006.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Methanol-water"

1

Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of water in methanol." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1080.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of methanol in water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_369.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of water in methanol." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_1226.

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4

Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of methanol in water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_77.

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5

Vogt, J. "96 CH6O2 Methanol - water (1/1)." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10371-1_98.

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6

Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of water-t in methanol." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_1220.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of water in methanol-d4." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_1222.

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Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of methanol-d4 in water." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54089-3_46.

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9

Winkelmann, Jochen. "Diffusion coefficient of water-t into methanol and water solution." In Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1380.

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Shrivastava, Naveen, Rajkumar Chadge, Sanjeev Bankar, and Anil Bamnote. "Methanol and Water Crossover in a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell: Mathematical Model." In Recent Advances in Chemical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1633-2_29.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Methanol-water"

1

Ramgopal, T., and S. Amancherla. "Role of Methanol on Pitting of SS316 - Preliminary Results." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04240.

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Abstract Localized corrosion of stainless steel particularly SS316 is not totally understood in aqueous systems. However, localized corrosion of SS 316 in non-aqueous solutions is even less understood or explained. The present effort is aimed at developing an understanding of localized corrosion of stainless steel in methanolic solutions. Potentiodynamic polarization curves on SS316 were performed in methanol-water-1M LiCl at different methanol concentrations ranging from (0 - 99 wt%). The pitting potential decreased from +350 mV SCE to -100 mV SCE as the concentration of methanol increased from 0 wt% to 99 wt%. Dissolution kinetics were determined as a function of methanol concentration from 0 wt% to 90 wt%, in a saturated pit environment. The overvoltage for active dissolution decreased with decreasing methanol (increasing water) content. This however, doesn’t explain the decrease in pitting potential with increasing methanol content. Repassivation transients were determined by pulsing the potential to -150 mV SCE at different concentrations of methanol. The time to repassivate increases with increasing methanol content, suggesting that the critical concentration for repassivation decreases with methanol content. This may indicate that pit growth is stabilized at lower concentration of metal ions with increasing methanol (decreasing water) content. The decrease in critical concentration for repassivation explains the decrease in pitting potential with increasing methanol (decreasing water) content.

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Schmitt, Günter. "Inhibition of Steel in H2S Saturated Water Free Alcohols." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95486.

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Abstract Corrosion and hydrogen permeation rates were measured at mild steel in hydrogen sulfide saturated alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol) at 25 °C and ambient pressure. Hydrogen sulfide saturated methanol was also tested at 0 °C, 10 °C and 40 °C. It was found that hydrogen sulfide saturated anhydrous methanol exhibits similar corrosiveness for steel than hydrogen sulfide saturated water. Higher homologues showed decreasing corrosiveness. The diols and glycerols inhibit the hydrogen sulfide corrosion. Filming amines, quats and mercapto compounds were found to be effective inhibitors in hydrogen sulfide saturated methanol. Sulfoxides, sulfides and alkynols yielded only poor effects. Structure-efficiency relationships were rationalized via sulfanophilic/sulfanophobic interactions at the sulfide-covered metal surface.

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Adetoyese, Abigail Omolara, Foluso Alaba Akeredolu, Elizabeth Funmilayo Aransiola, Bamidele Sunday Fakinle, Daniel Olawale Oke, and Abiodun John Adewale. "Binary system separation of methanol and water on a distillation column." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10629983.

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Brossia, C. S., L. A. Pawlick, and R. G. Kelly. "Corrosion of Iron and Aluminum in Methanol Solutions." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95376.

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Abstract With greater pressures to decrease automotive exhaust emissions, alternatives fuels to gasoline are being investigated, one of which is methanol. However, the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of metals in non-aqueous environments has received relatively little attention compared to the behavior of metals in aqueous environments. The objective of this work was to systematically determine the effects of solution species (water, acid, chloride, sulfate) on the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of aluminum 5052 and pure iron in methanol solutions. Acid was found to increase both the open circuit potential and the corrosion current density of both AA5052 and iron. Additionally, acid was found to decrease the pitting potential of AA5052. The addition of Cl- to methanol resulted in decreasing the pitting potential of both AA5052 and iron. Sulfate additions were found to have no first-order effects. The addition of water to methanol tended to decrease the corrosion current density for both metals, with iron showing the most dramatic effect. The addition of water, though, also resulted in decreasing the pitting potential of AA5052.

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Schutz, R. W., J. M. Horrigan, and T. A. Bednarowicz. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ru-Enhanced Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys in Methanol Solutions." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98261.

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Abstract Conservative, practical guidelines for the minimum water content required to prevent methanolic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ti-6Al-4V-Ru and Ti-3Al-2.5V-Ru alloy tubulars have been developed from slow strain rate testing in plain and acidified NaCl-saturated methanol-water solutions at 25°C. A minimum methanol water content of 10 wt.% is proposed for Ti-6Al-4V-Ru, whereas 2-3 wt.% is sufficient for the lower strength Ti-3Al-2.5V-Ru alloy. Although HCl-acidification aggravated methanolic SCC, intermixing of methanol with crude oil or pure hydrocarbons, H2S gas saturation, and/or increasing temperature diminished cracking susceptibility in these alloy tubulars.

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van Bodegom, L., K. van Gelder, M. K. F. Paksa, and L. van Raam. "Effect of Glycol and Methanol on CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87055.

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Abstract In dried-natural-gas transport lines condensation from glycol-dried gas and/or glycol carry-over from the drying plant may lead to the formation of water/glycol mixtures. Alternatively, in wet-gas lines, glycol may be injected to prevent hydrate formation. In the latter case methanol may be used as well. When CO2- containing natural gas is transported, the presence of these aqueous glycol or methanol mixtures is corrosive with respect to carbon and low-alloy steel. To establish the rate of corrosion for carbon steel pipelines, we have determined corrosion rates of API-5L grade B carbon steel in CO2-saturated saline water/glycol and saline water/methanol mixtures by polarization resistance and weight loss measurements at various temperatures, CO2 partial pressures, water contents and glycol grades. Maximum corrosion rates were used to establish relations which, in combination with the de Waard-Milliams CO2-nomogram, can be used to predict worst-case corrosion rates in the above-mentioned mixtures as a function of temperature, CO2 partial pressure and water content of the mixture .

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Schutz, R. W., and M. Xiao. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ti-38644 Titanium Alloy Products in Methanol Solutions." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93148.

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Abstract Minimum water content values required for inhibition of SCC in methanol liquid and vapor have been identified for typical oilfield/offshore Ti-38644 products. These values, ranging between 1.5 and 10 wt.%, are shown to be highly dependent on product metallurgy and composition, temperature, stress level, and SCC test method. Galvanic coupling and sample surface condition only influenced these values in special cases. Increased microstructural refinement and test temperature both markedly decreased minimum water levels (i.e. decreased SCC susceptibility). Continued slow plastic straining (i.e., SSRT) produced worst-case, very conservative results compared to sustained load test methods. Depending on Ti-38644 alloy component design and exposure criteria, a minimum water content of 5 or 10 wt.% in methanol is suggested, based on the 25°C results. These guidelines are consistent with commercial methanol grades used to dissolve hydrates downhole or in offshore systems.

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Sugie, Yosohiro, Tomokazu Fukutsuka, Yoshiaki Matsuo, and Daisuke Shintani. "Effect of Water on Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel under High-Temperature and High-Pressure Methanol Solution Containing Chloride Ions." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09253.

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Abstract The effect of water in a methanol solution containing 0.42 wt% LiCl on the corrosion behavior of type 316L stainless steel was evaluated by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 423K and 473K. The addition of water to the methanol solution increased the anodic dissolution potential (Ea) at both temperatures. At 423K, an increase in the corrosion potential (Ecorr) was observed and the passive region was reduced by the addition of even small amounts of water. The specimen surface structure after anodic polarization measurements changed from a localized tarnish to pitting with an increase in the amount of added water. A random plot of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed typical pitting corrosion at an initial stage caused by an autocatalytic process. The water impurity increased the risk of chloride attack at 423K. Corrosion was activated as the added water volume increased. At 473K, no corrosion occurred, regardless of the water concentration.

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Nakamura, Yoshimichi, and Takahisa Ohno. "Nanotube-Confined Liquids: Water and Methanol." In Proceedings of the 12th Asia Pacific Physics Conference (APPC12). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.1.012073.

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Sorab, Jagadish, and Granger K. Chui. "Rheological Characterization of Lubricant-Methanol-Water Emulsions." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/922283.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Methanol-water"

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Savidge. L52322 Effects of Methanol on Gas Measurement. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010057.

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Upstream natural gas and related fluid operations often require the injection of methanol to prevent flow line constrictions and blockages caused by water and natural gas hydrates. Both the constrictions and methanol have a significant impact on measurement accuracy. Natural gas chromatographic analysis and related measurement practices do not account for constrictions or methanol in natural gas streams. API 14.2, A.G.A. Report No.8, A.G.A. Report No.10, ISO 12213, ISO 20765 and GPA 2172 do not account for methanol. Measurement and operation practices rely on accurate information to reduce errors. This report analyzes the effect of methanol on gas measurement physical properties. It establishes the relative effect of methanol on the physical properties by applying the Gas Research Institute's high accuracy equation of state for natural gases as distributed by API, A.G.A, ISO and others as API MPMS Chapter 14.2, A.G.A. Report No.8, A.G.A. Report No.10, ISO 12213 Part 2, and ISO 20765. It applies GPA 2172 for the analysis of the sensitivity of the heating value to methanol.

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ยงวณิชย์, ทิฆัมพร, та วรวุฒิ จุฬาลักษณานุกูล. ผลทางอัลลีโลพาธิกของวัชพืชธูปฤาษีที่มีต่อ การเจริญเติบโตของวัชพืชไมยราบยักษ์ : รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1998. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1998.30.

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The flowers of Tyoha augustifolia were extracted with 70% methanol and distilled water in comparison. When the aqueous extracts obtained from both methanol and distilled water were tested for their effect on germination of the seeds of Mimosa pigra, the results showed inhibition by both extracts. Evidences from chemical tests and absorption spectra suggested presence of condensed tannins in both aqueous extracts. The addition of 10% bovine serum albumin to the aqueous extracts from both water and 70% methanol resulted in light brown precipitates. When the seeds of Mimosa pigra were grown in the presence of various concentrations of the light brown precipitates, the results showed complete inhibition by the precipitates obtained from 70% methanol aqueous extracts. On the other hand, precipitates from aqueous water extracts resulted in partial inhibition. The results imply that, condensed tannins in Typha augustifolia exerted allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of Mimosa pigra, and the inhibitory effect was shown to be concentration dependent.

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George. PR-015-08610-R01 Laboratory Conformation of the Effect of Methanol on Gas Chromatograph Performance. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010717.

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In natural gas production and processing applications, methanol is commonly injected into natural gas streams containing water to prevent the formation of hydrates in gas lines and subsequent equipment damage. However, gas chromatographs (GCs) at field sites are typically not equipped to identify or measure methanol, and unless excess methanol is expected to carry over into a gas stream, samples sent to a laboratory are not likely to be analyzed for methanol. As a result, the potential exists for errors in gas property determination, particularly in heating value and sound speed. A previous PRCI project investigated the potential for GCs to quantify methanol as a hydrocarbon, and estimated the resulting errors on heating value and other properties. This theoretical study used assumptions about where methanol would elute on GC columns, but experimental data on GC performance in streams with methanol was unavailable to verify these assumptions. To verify the estimates of the theoretical study, this project collected experimental data on methanol elution behavior in a series of field and laboratory GCs, and established the errors in computed natural gas properties caused by methanol behavior. Three GCs used by the laboratory of a PRCI member company were nominated for testing: ABB NGC 8206 C7+ field GC, Agilent Model 7890A laboratory GC, configured for extended natural gas analysis, and Daniel Model 575 C6+ field GC. The separation columns, valve configurations, and other design features of these GCs that could influence methanol elution were reviewed. Since each GC was predicted to respond differently to methanol, the nominated units were accepted for testing. A fourth GC, a Varian CP-4900 Quad MicroGC outfitted to quantify methanol, was provided to the lab to serve as a reference unit. Hydrocarbon base gas compositions were chosen to represent production and transmission gases and a gas blender was consulted to identify an effective method of stabilizing the methanol content of the test gases delivered to the GCs. Lab personnel and the gas blender then provided the required hardware and the test and calibration gases, with the gas blend compositions traceable to NIST.

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Steeper, R. R. Methane and methanol oxidation in supercritical water: Chemical kinetics and hydrothermal flame studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/176803.

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Mills, Jennifer R. Investigation of Ion Transport Mechanisms in NAFION in the Presence of Water and Methanol. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375694.

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Woods, K. N., and H. Wiedemann. The Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol-Water Mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878842.

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Prasad, Kuldeep, Chiping Li, and K. Kailasanath. Numerical Modeling of Fire Suppression Using Water Mist. 4. Suppression of Liquid Methanol Pool Fires. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada357561.

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Yan. PR-261-123602-R01 Evaluation of the Corrosiveness of Glycol-Water Mixtures in Dry Gas Transmission Lines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010009.

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This report provides a review of the state-of-the-art knowledge on glycol-water mixtures carried over to dry gas transmission pipelines, i.e., physical properties, the causes of entry, and the corrosiveness. Findings obtained from literature include: Glycol-water mixtures can be potentially accumulated in dry gas transmission pipelines. Operation conditions of the dehydration unit should be optimized to control the amount and corrosiveness of glycol-water being carried over into transmission lines. The glycol-water hold-up in dry gas transmission pipelines contain high glycol content, i.e., greater than 95%. The accumulated glycol-water requires removal by direct drain from liquid traps, or by pigging either with methanol or water. For transmission pipelines transporting natural gas containing CO2, the most likely corrosion mechanism associated with glycol-water mixtures is general corrosion. The corrosion rate has been proven to be low, i.e., much lower than 0.1mm/year. For sour gas transmission pipelines, although general corrosion has been ruled out as a major concern, localized corrosion and HIC can occur in glycol-water mixtures. The rate of localized corrosion and HIC remains undefined. The list of recommendations to minimize the amount of glycol-water mixtures being carried over to dry gas transmission lines and to reduce the corrosion risks is developed. More research is required to study the potential corrosion mechanisms, i.e., pitting and HIC, of pipeline steels in glycol-water mixtures with high glycol content ( greater than 95%) under sour gas conditions.

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George and Hart. PR-015-06603-R02 Tests of Instruments for Measuring Hydrocarbon Dew Points in Natural Gas Streams Phase 2. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010969.

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Research has assessed the accuracy of two commercially-available hydrocarbon dew point (HCDP) analyzers, an Ametek� Model 241 CE II and a Michell Condumax II. During a previous phase of this project, both automated analyzers, along with a Bureau of Mines chilled mirror device serving as a reference, were tested on gravimetrically-prepared gas blends chosen to simulate a transmission-quality gas and a production gas. The measurement repeatability of both units was found to be better than the manual chilled mirror. Trends in the analyzer and manual chilled mirror measurements suggested that differences in performance between the automated units were related to their measurement techniques and default set points. During the second phase of the project, the Ametek and Michell automated analyzers were tested again on the transmission-quality test gas used in Phase 1, but with specific levels of contamination added to gain knowledge of their performance under adverse conditions. In one round of tests, water vapor was added to simulate a transmission gas with water vapor levels above common tariff specifications. In the second round of tests, the test gas contained both methanol and water vapor, simulating a stream to which methanol has been added to prevent hydrates. Contaminants were added to the test gas stream in amounts such that, depending upon the pressure of the test stream, the contaminant dew point would be reached first, the HCDP would be reached first, or the two phases would condense simultaneously. Multiple HCDP measurements were made with the analyzers to determine their ability to accurately measure HCDPs under these adverse conditions. Analyzer results were again compared to HCDP measurements taken with the Bureau of Mines chilled mirror device and a digital video camera. Results were adjusted for small changes in the heavy hydrocarbon content of the test gases over time, using predictions from an equation of state and gas chromatographic analyses of the test gases.

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ภัตรพานิช, ชำนาญ, та สุวรรณา เหลืองชลธาร. การศึกษาเพื่อกำหนดมาตรฐานของสมุนไพรบัวบกและสิ่งสารสกัดที่มีฤทธิ์ทางยา : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2005. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2005.25.

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งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาข้อมูลพื้นฐานของสมุนไพรบัวบกเพื่อใช้กำหนดคุณลักษณะของพืชและสิ่งสกัดบัวบกที่มีสาระสำคัญ triterpene glycoside, Madecassoside (MS) และ Asiaticoside (AS) เพื่อการควบคุมคุณภาพ การศึกษาแบ่งเป็น 2 ส่วนหลัก ได้แก่การศึกษาคุณลักษณะของพืชบัวบกที่เป็นวัตถุดิบ และการศึกษาข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่มีผลต่อคุณลักษณะของสารสกัดบัวบก ได้ใช้เกณฑ์มาตรฐานสมุนไพรของกลุ่มประเทศอาเซียนเป็นแนวทางในการศึกษาคุณลักษณะของพืชบัวบก ได้แก่ (1) การตรวจสอบเอกลัษณ์ทางเภสัชเวททั้งวิธีทางมหทรรศ์และจุลทรรศ์สำหรับพืชสดและผงพืชแห้ง (2) การตวจสอบเอกลักษณ์ทางเคมีซึ่งประกอบด้วยวิธีทดสอบ saponin การทดสอบ Liebermann-Burchard และการทดสอบ tannin (3) การทดสอบด้วย TLC (4) การทดสอบทางกายภาพ ซึ่งประกอบด้วยการตรวจปริมาณสารปนปลอมปริมาณน้ำหนักที่หายเมื่อทำให้แห้ง ปริมาณเถ้ารวม ปริมาณเถ้าที่ไม่ละลายกรด ปริมาณความชื้น ปริมาณสารสกัดที่ละลายน้ำ ปริมาณสารสกัดที่ละลายเอทธิลแอลกอฮอล์ ปริมาณตะกั่ว และปริมาณเหล็ก ตัวอย่างพืชที่นำมาทดสอบเก็บจากแปลงปลูกบัวบกเพื่อการพาณิชย์ 2 แปลงในจังหวัดนครปฐมโดยเก็บทุกเดือนเป็นเวลา 1 ปี (เก็บเกี่ยวตัวอย่างเมื่อ พฤศจิกายน 2545- ตุลาคา 2546) พบว่าทุกตัวอย่างที่ทดสอบในทุกหัวข้อการทดสอบผ่านเกณฑ์มาตรฐานสมุนไพรของกลุ่มประเทศอาเซียน ได้พัฒนาวิธีวิเคราะห์สาระสำคัญเป้าหมายด้วย HPLC และ TLC เพื่อใช้สำหรับหาปริมาณ และควบคุมคุณภาพทั้งในพืชบัวบกและสารสกัดบัวบก วิธี HPLC ที่ได้พัฒนาประกอบด้วย C18 column และมีสารละลายผสมของ acetonitrile : phosphate buffer pH 7.1 (29:71) อัตราเร็ว 1 มิลลิลิตรต่อนาทีเป็น mobile phase และวัดการดูดกลืนแสง UV ที่ความยาวคลื่น 210 นาโนเมตร โดยใช้ Prednisolone เป็นสารมาตรฐานภายใน สำหรับวิธี TLC ที่พัฒนาประกอบด้วย แผ่น silica gel สารละลายผสมระหว่าง chloroform-methanol-water ในสัดส่วน 30:15:2 เป็น mobile phase ได้พัฒนาการเกิดสีของจุดสารเป้าหมายโดยการพ่นด้วยสาร Anthrone และวัดการดูดกลืนแสงด้วยเครื่อง Densitometerได้ตรวจสอบความใช้ได้ของวิธี HPLC และ TCL ที่พัฒนาซึ่งผ่านเกณฑ์ของ ICH ในทุกหัวข้อการทดสอบ ได้พัฒนาวิธีทำให้ตัวอย่างสารสกัดบัวบกให้สะอาดและเหมาะสมกับวิธี HPLC โดยใช้การสกัดด้วย C18 solid phase ทำให้สามารถลดการรบกวนจากสารอื่น ๆ ได้ ได้ทำการวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณสาระสำคัญ ในตัวอย่างพืชบัวบกที่เก็บจาก 12 จังหวัด ได้แก่ นครปฐม ปราจีนบุรี นครศรีธรรมราช อุบลราชธานี ตราด ระยอง ชลบุรี นครราชสีมา สุโขทัย เชียงใหม่ พิษณุโลก พบว่าปริมาณ glycoside รวมมีค่าระหว่าง 3.46%-8.93% มีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 6.80%±1.66% ตัวอย่างที่มีปริมาณ glycoside รวมมากกว่า 7% พบจากพืชที่เก็บจากจังหวัดปราจีนบุรี ตราด ระยอง ชลบุรี พิษณุโลก และเชียงใหม่ ได้เก็บตัวอย่างจากอีก 2 แหล่งปลูกเพื่อการพาณิชย์ คือ จังหวัดอุบลราชธานี และนครศรีธรรมราช เป็นเวลารอบ 1 ปี ได้ผลปริมาณสารสอดคล้องกับผลของตัวอย่างที่เก็บจากจังหวัดนครปฐม คือพบปริมาณ glycoside สูงในช่วงเดือน มีนาคม-กันยายน และมีปริมาณต่ำสุดเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ โดยทั่วไปพบ MS มากกว่า AS และพบสัดส่วนของ MS; AS มีค่าระหว่าง 1.30-2.15 โดยมีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 1.65±0.30 และได้พบว่าส่วนใบมีปริมาณสาระสำคัญมากกว่าส่วนก้านใบประมาณ 10 เท่า และอายุใบมากกว่า 20 วัน จะมีปริมาณสารสำคัญมากพอสำหรับทำการสกัดและพบว่าบัวบกที่ปลูกภายใต้ปริมาณแสงแดดที่ลดลงมีผลทำให้ปริมาณสารสำคัญลดลง ได้ทำการวิเคราะห์สารสกัดบัวบกที่ผลิตภายใต้โครงการวิจัยที่ 1 พบว่าสารสกัดมีปริมาณ glycoside ไม่น้อยกว่า 80% เมื่อทำการทดสอบความคงตัวแบบเร่งของสารสกัดและพบมีอายุการใช้งานได้ไม่น้อยกว่า 2 ปี ข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่ได้เป็นประโยชน์ต่อการกำหนดคุณลักษณะของทั้งพืชวัตถุดิบและสารสกัดโดยหน่วยงานที่มีหน้าที่กำหนดคุณลักษณะหรือผู้ผลิตสารสกัดบัวบกต่อไป

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