Dissertationen zum Thema „Métaux de transition – Oxydation“
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Magaud, Laurent. „Oxydation sélective du propane en présence de catalyseurs à base de molybdène“. Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrostin, Maryvonne. „Oxydation de phénols par l'oxygène moléculaire catalysée par des complexes de métaux de transition“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolymeric Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and their cobalt (II) and copper (II) complexes have been synthetized. Depending on the polymer used, soluble and insoluble complexes can be obtained which are tetradentate (MpolySalpn) or pentadentate (MpolySaldpt). These complexes have been used to catalyze the oxidation of phenols by molecular oxygen and their activity has been compared to the corresponding monomeric MSalen and Msaldpt. Manganese (II) / porphyrins and cobaloximes were shown also to catalyze the oxidation of the same phenols. Cobalt complexes selectively promote the conversion of phenols to quinones whereas with manganese porphyrins, oxidative coupling is the preferred reaction. Monomeric complexes are more active than polymeric ones, which however are more resistant to oxidative degradation. The mechanism of the oxidation of 2,4,6-tri-terbutyl phenol by cobalt has been investigated. The cobalt complex forms a superocomplex with O2 which oxidises the phenols to phenoxy radicals. The latter react with the superoxo complex to give a cobalt (III) peroxydic complex which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding hydroperoxyde. This one is decomposed by the catalyst to the final oxidation coupling are produced directly from the phenoxy radicals
al-@Andis, Naser Mohmed. „Oxydation et polymérisation d'oléfines catalysées par les métaux de transition (Pd, Ru), en milieu microémulsion“. Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuñach-Clinet, Elisabet. „Application des complexes de métaux de transition en synthèse organique“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of the thesis presents the results pf the [2π + 2π + 2π] CpCo (CO)₂ mediated cycloadditions of unsaturated molecules to yield tensed tricyclic compounds, with a structural study (20 NMR) of the obtained rear ranged complexes. The cyclisation method is applied to the total synthesis of (+)-estradiol. The second part of the thesis develops the asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfides into sulfoxides by a hydrated chiral titanium (IV) complex bearing diethyl tartrate ligands. Alkyl aryl, dialkyl and several functionalized sulfoxides are obtained with 60-90 % enantiomeric excess. The application of a new chiral shift reagent for sulfoxides and phosphine oxides in ¹H NMR is described
Souiri, Ousalah Mina. „Oxydation et activation du méthane sur des catalyseurs d'oxydes de métaux de transition et de terres rares irradiés par microonde“. Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10371.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFalgayrac, Gilles. „Amélioration de l'activité catalytique de métaux de transition par voie électrochimique : application à l'oxydation de toluènes en phase liquide par l'oxygène moléculaire catalysée par le cobalt“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElleuch, Boubaker. „Propriétés oxydo-réductrices des ions de transition dans les zéolithes : applications catalytiques“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElhachimi, Amal. „Oxydation totale du chlorobenzène sur des catalyseurs à base de pérovskites“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-282.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCanesson, Laurence. „Synthèse et caractérisation d'aluminophosphates substitués par des métaux de transition et leur application en catalyse d'oxydation du diphénylméthane en phase liquide“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHourdin, Gwénae͏̈lle. „La réaction de Ruff en catalyse hétérogène : dégradation oxydante de l'acide gluconique en arabinose sur zéolithes modifiées“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndriamandroso, Jean Harry Daniel. „Sur une nouvelle famille de matériaux particulaires pour l'enregistrement magnétique dérivée du nitrure Fe4N“. Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10580.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrissot, François. „Oxydation catalytique de composés organiques en milieu aqueux par le peroxyde d'hydrogène en phase hétérogène“. Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2319.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOlivet, Lilian. „Élaboration de matériaux innovants pour l'élimination de polluants organiques de l'air intérieur : application à l'oxydation catalytique du formaldéhyde“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAir pollution was considered responsible for 7 million premature deaths in 2015 and comes from two main sources: outdoor and indoor air. Indeed, the lack of air renewal in confined spaces such as houses, offices or schools leads to higher pollutant concentrations than in open spaces. Volatile organic compounds are considered to be one of the largest families of pollutants. Among them, formaldehyde, which causes irritation at low levels and has recently been classified as a carcinogenic 1B, can be found in significant amounts in confined spaces following combustion phenomena, from plastics, wooden furniture, cleaning products or insulating materials.Heterogeneous catalysis can be an effective way to remove these harmful molecules by transforming formaldehyde into carbon dioxide at the lowest temperature possible. In order to replace noble metals, whose activity is very high but whose cost and rarity are obstacles to their use, the performances of 3 families of materials were discussed during this work. At first, the use of zeolites of the H-ZSM5 type modified by post synthesis isomorphic substitution seemed to be an interesting solution due to the adsorbent properties of the parent material on the one hand and on the other hand thanks to the oxidative function provided by the presence of new elements such as cobalt, iron, manganese or even cerium. The modification of the parent zeolite led to a clear improvement in catalytic activity since the total conversion was achieved in the case of zeolites modified with manganese, iron and cerium from 300°C for the most active sample while the parent material allowed a conversion of only 70% at 500°C. However, the manganese sample stood out for its much higher activity than the other materials in the series. However, the catalytic activities observed were far from the performance observed on samples containing noble metals.A second part of this study concerned materials based on cerium oxides which also seemed to be good candidates for oxidation reactions due to their ability to store and remove oxygen. These materials, cerina-zirconia doped with copper, cobalt, iron or manganese, prepared by an epoxid sol-gel method, showed that the synthesis conditions used mainly led to the production of mixed non-homogeneous oxides. Catalytic tests have shown that the addition of a transition metal to ceria-zirconia materials can improve their catalytic activity. The most active material for the oxidation reaction of formaldehyde was copper-containing material. The main improvement was the selectivity of the reaction. Indeed, doping with these transition metals mainly leads to the formation of CO2 while forming formic acid and CO, but also to reduction product, methanol, which confirms one of the few studies on the subject in the litterature.Finally, previous studies having shown the existence of a synergistic effect in CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 materials for the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 to methanol, a more exploratory part was then dedicated to the study of these solids in the catalytic oxidation reaction of formaldehyde. It has been observed that materials containing copper oxide provide the best catalytic activities while avoiding the formation of undesirable reaction co-products. This study showed the high potential of these materials for the oxidation of formaldehyde with cheap, very abundant, active and highly CO2 selective metals, thus allowing to reduce indoor pollution
Constant, Sandra. „De l'extraction de la lignine à sa valorisation“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to study the conversion of lignin in oxidizing hydrothermal conditions, by heterogeneous catalysis. Lignin is among the main constituents of lignocellulose materials. Being considered like a waste of the cellulose valorization procedures, it is mostly burned to produce the energy. Taking into account its phenolic polymer structure, lignin can be considered as the main source of aromatic rings. Complex analytical methodology has initially been set up to allow a thorough characterization of lignins and oxidation products. Lignins were extracted from the straw by the organosolv procedure. The extraction process affects not only yields but also the structures and properties of products. The oxidation catalysts are transition metal oxides, synthesized by an alginate route. The oxidation of vanillin (lignin's model compound) shows the oligomerization phenomena of obtained products. In the oxidation of lignin, the use of a catalyst increases the yield and modifies the equilibrium of depolymerization - oligomerization
Fernandes, de Morais Josemar. „Déshydrogénation oxydante du propane en présence de catalyseurs oxydes de vanadium et molybdène supportés par la zircone“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSasaki, Isabelle. „Synthèse de nouvelles molécules chélatantes : bases de Schiff pyrimidiques et bipyridine-acridine et complexes de métaux de transition“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLongchamp, Sylvie. „Oxydation électrochimique en milieu organique d'une série d'indoles aryl et alkyl substitués“. Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBellifa, Abderrahim. „Synthèses, caractérisations et étude de l'acido-basicité d'oxydes mixtes MOx-TIO2 et MOx-AL2O3 (M=Cr, V) : essais de tests catalytiques“. Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Bellifa-Abderrahim/2009-Bellifa-Abderrahim-These.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the preparation by sol-gel procedure, the characterization and evaluation of catalytic performance of mixed oxide-type X%MxOy-TiO2, X%MxOy-Al2O3 and X%MxOy-SiO2 with M = Cr or V and X = 0, 5, 10 or 20. The textural analysis shows that these materials display a variation of specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter depending on the content of the metal added. XRD analysis of X%MxOy-TiO2, reveals the presence of two phases namely anatase and rutile. The anatase-rutile transition depends on the temperature treatment, the nature and amount of metallic promoter. The presence of chromium delays this transition whereas vanadium accelerates it. The kinetic study of this transition led to a transformation of the first order with higher activation energy in the presence of vanadium than in the presence of chromium. The catalytic performance of our materials have been evaluated in cyclohexane oxidation in liquid phase, in the presence of H2O2 and TBHP as oxidizers. The activity increases with chromium content whereas it decreases with the vanadium content. The presence of chromium increases the selectivity in cyclohexanol formation vs cyclohexanone. We studied the influence of the solvent (acetic acid, acetonitrile and cyclohexane) on the activity and selectivity. In the case of samples X%CrxOy-TiO2, catalytic activity varies in the following order: acetonitrile > acetic acid > cyclohexane. For X%VxOy-TiO2 catalysts, the best activity is obtained for acetic acid as solvent and conversion varies in the following order: acetic acid > cyclohexane > acetonitrile
Carpentier, Jenny. „Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes mixtes à base de cuivre, de cobalt et de fer dérivés de précurseurs de type hydrotalcite destinés à l'oxydation totale du toluène“. Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, catalytic performances of copper, cobalt and iron based mixed oxides derived hydrotalcite precursors have been studied in toluene oxidation reaction. Dry and calcined solids have been characterized by several physicochemical techniques as X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specific areas. Then, the samples calcined at 500ʿC have been tested in toluene oxidation reaction. For CuxCo2-xFe1HT samples as x = 0 and x = 0. 5, pure hydrotalcite phase has been formed whereas the increase of copper quantity in the sample tends to form malachite phase. The thermal treatment at 500ʿC of the samples leads to formation of spinel phases as Co3O4, CoFe2O4, CuFe2O4, CuxCoyO4 and to the formation of CuO for x = 1. For toluene oxidation reaction, all the samples have been shown totally selective in CO2 and H2O. Ternary oxides have been shown more active than binary ones and the CuxCo2-xFe1HT samples as x = 0. 5 and x = 1 have been too more active than Co3O4. The presence of spinel phases as CuFe2O4 and/or CuxCoyO4 seems to be beneficial for catalytic activity. Moreover, the presence of copper and cobalt species in different oxidation states due to reductive effect of the catalytic test leads to the creation of ion pairs as Cu+-Co3+, Cu2+-Co2+, Co2+-Co3+ and Cu+-Cu2+ very active in this oxidation reaction
Rembeczky, Tibor. „Oxydation ménagée du propane en lit fluidisé ou circulant : mise au point du catalyseur“. Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD943.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLloret, Bruno. „Cristallochimie et comportement physique (kondo, valence intermédiaire ou mixte, fermions lourds) de nouveaux composés ternaires dans les systèmes cérium, europium ou uranium, métaux de transition (3d,4d,5d) silicium ou germanium“. Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10532.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWarde, Micheline. „Premiers stades d’oxydations d’alliages métalliques complexes Al-Cu et AlCo“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComplex metallic alloys (CMAs) are intermetallics having a crystalline structure based on a giant unit cell which can contain up to several thousands of atoms. The cell structure is usually decorated with highly symmetric clusters which can affect the alloy physical properties. So far, very few studies of the chemical reactivity of these materials have been published. The aim of the thesis was to understand the influence of the structural complexity and of the nature of the transition metal on the oxidation of Al-TM (TM=Co, Cu). The influence of structural complexity was examined by studying intermetallics belonging to the same Al-Co family but showing different structural complexity (Al9Co2, 22 atoms/unit mesh and Al13Co4, 102 atoms/unit mesh). The effect of the transition metal was studied by comparing the results obtained on Al9Co2, Al13Co4 and Al4Cu9 (52 atoms/unit mesh) surfaces. The early stages of molecular oxygen adsorption on clean Al4Cu9(110), Al9Co2(001) and Al13Co4(100) surfaces at different temperatures and in the pressure range 10-8-10-7 mbar was followed using LEED, XPS and STM.For all surfaces studied, aluminum is the only element oxidised in our experimental conditions. At room temperature, a thin layer (1.34 nm thick) of disordered aluminium oxide is formed on Al4Cu9, which crystallises following annealing at 650 °C to form a sixton structure. On the Al-Co surfaces, the disordered oxide layer formed at room temperature is thinner (0.53 to 0.43 nm) and remains disordered after annealing at various temperatures. However, an ordered oxide with the sixton structure is formed after oxidation of the Al9Co2 surface at 500 °C. The formation of the ordered oxide layer is governed by the competition between aluminium segregation and oxygen diffusion. When aluminium segregation is too low or oxygen diffusion too fast, the ordered phase is not observed. Therefore, the aluminium atoms mobility, hence the degree of covalency of the intermetallic bonds, is the main parameter governing surface oxidation of these materials
Di, Capua Anna. „Oxydation sélective de l'isobutane en méthacroléine et acide méthacrylique sur des hétéropolyanions de type Keggin : étude du schéma réactionnel“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Di_Capua.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXu, Yin. „Preparation of noble metal free mixed oxides : applications to environmental catalysis“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a political and legislative context promoting the use of abundant and non-toxic metals, different classes of transition metal catalysts have been developed and evaluated for two depollution reactions: (i) catalytic ozonation or activated persulfate for the elimination of pollutants containing nitrogen in the aqueous phase and (ii) the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the gas phase. Structural spinel oxides AB2O4 and perovskites having the general formula ABO3 (where A and B are metal cations) are interesting candidates because of their safety and lower cost compared to platinum family metals. Moreover, the versatile properties of these mixed oxides, such as the numerous possible compositions and their associated surface states, have demonstrated their interest in heterogeneous catalysis. In the first reaction concerning advanced oxidation processes, spinel type mixed oxides have been studied to act as a degradation catalyst for organic pollutants (AO7 and bisphenol A). Two compositions, CuAl2O4 and CuFe2O4, have been isolated as active catalysts for the activation of ozone and peroxymonosulphate radical precursors. The combination of copper with aluminum or iron has been found to be beneficial in forming reactive radicals from ozone or peroxymonosulphate, significantly improving the degradation of targeted pollutants compared with simple oxides. In the second reaction involving the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in the gas phase, the perovskites and the manganese oxides were evaluated. A study dealing with the surface enrichment of the transition metal was carried out either by chemical treatment via acid washing of the perovskite precursor, or by a sub-stoechiometric approach used during the preparation. At the light of the experimental results, this enrichment improves drastically the elimination of formaldehyde towards low temperatures. These performances can be related to the cumulative effects associated with the formation of a morphology containing a multiple porosity following the acidic chemical treatment, the significant increase of the specific surface and the increase of the density of the surface redox sites highlighted by the Mn4 + / Mn3 + couple. Finally, the promotion of the catalytic support LaMnO3 by alkali and alkaline earth metals was carried out according to different conditions (La0.8A0.2MnO3 with A = K, Na, Sr, Ca). Based on the catalytic performances at a temperature giving a conversion of 50% of formaldehyde in CO2, potassium doping proved to be the most attractive doping agent (La0.8K0.2MnO3> La0.8Na0.2MnO3> La0.8Sr0.2MnO3> LaMnO3 = La0. 8Ca0.2MnO3= LMO-OH = LMO-Na). Chemical aging under wet and dry conditions has therefore been carried out on the best catalysts to evaluate their robustness. Despite a conservation of textural properties, a gradual deactivation of the doped perovskites (K, Na, Sr) was observed and related to a loss of surface active oxygen species and a reduction in the average degree of oxidation of manganese
Marvilliers, Sandrine. „Synthèses, caractérisations et études du comportement en oxydation de complexes dinucléaires fer-oxo et manganèse-oxo d'intérêt biologique“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzzolina, Jury Federico. „Préparation et caractérisation de zéolithes dopées par des métaux de transition : Mesure de propriétés diélectriques et magnétiques et leur application à la synthèse de composés chimiques sous irradiation microondes“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study focuses on the synthesis and preparation of modified zeolites with transition metals and theirs applications in catalysis under microwave irradiation. Previous works have shown interest in modifying zeolites with transition metals for their application to oxidation reactions and in using microwave irradiation in order to increase the reaction rates. In this thesis, we studied two types of zeolite structure (MEL and FAU) doped with transitionmetals (Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr) at different concentrations. A classic characterization study has increased the knowledge on the preparation of modified zeolites and the understanding of their influence on thecatalytic activity. The styrene partial oxidation reaction for benzaldehyde production was chosen as amodel reaction. Co-ZSM-11 zeolite presented the best catalytic activity in this study and also compared to other catalysts found in the literature. The styrene oxidation reactions were studied under microwave irradiation and under conventional heating. No difference in the activity of doped zeolites was observed for both types of heating. The low values of permittivity and permeability of zeolites doped with transition metals make difficult the intensification of the benzaldehyde production process from styrene oxidation under microwave. The parameters of the model reaction have been optimized and a reaction kinetic study was carried out by using the Co-ZSM-11 zeolite. Finally, the hysteresis dielectric heating was used in the synthesis of ZSM-11. The synthesis time was significantly reduced (80%) under microwave irradiation compared to conventional heating
Abou, Serhal Cynthia. „Oxydation totale des Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) sur des catalyseurs à base de métaux de transition préparés par voie hydrotalcite : Effet des micro-ondes sur la méthode de synthèse“. Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0529/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to study the catalytic oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The main objective is to find catalytic materials that are alternatives to very expensive noble metals. The search for transition metal based catalysts is investigated. Furthermore, to improve the catalytic performance of the transition metals, their dispersion must be optimized using an adequate synthetic method. The various prepared solids were characterized by different physicochemical techniques : X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TDA/TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Temperature Programmed Reduction by hydrogen (H₂-TPR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)...Moreover, the obtained oxides were tested in the total oxidation of the VOC propene. Firstly, we focused our work on the preparation of a series of Co/Fe hydrotalcites -like samples by the traditional co-precipitation method. This study consists mainly of evaluating the substitution of bivalent and trivalent cations. It has been found that the solid containing both cobalt and iron (CoFe) has the highest catalytic activity. The interest of the hydrotalcite route compared to other methods of synthesis, such as the classical method and the mechanical mixing of oxides was put into evidence. Secondly, the use of microwave irradiation during the synthesis of hydrotalcite materials has also been studied as an unconventional method of synthesis. A beneficial effect has been observed with the use of microwaves due mainly to higher specific surface areas and better reducibility of the oxide species. In addition, an optimization of the temperature, duration, and power of the microwave irradiations was carried out on the CoFe solid, in order to show the influence of each parameter on the physico-chemical properties of the materials. Thirdly, the synthesis of a series of hydrotalcite catalysts with different ratio of Co²⁺ and Fe³⁺ was carried out. The influence of the molar ratio on the hydrotalcite structure has been shown. A comparison between these solids and those prepared by the microwave method was also discussed
Postole, Georgeta. „Le nitrure : un nouveau support en catalyse“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSadorge, André. „Quelques développements en chimie des hydrures de tantalocène : Comportement de Cp’ 2TaH3 (Cp’ =η 5-C 5H 4- tBu) vis-à-vis de chalcogènes. Synthèse et propriétés d'un nouveau complexe : Cp’ 2taH2+“. Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOzherelyeva, Anastassiya. „Réactions d'oxydation et de réduction des composés carbonylés et azotés catalysées par des complexes de fer“. Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHomogeneous catalysis is a key technology in synthesis. Efficiency of a process can be defined in terms of complexity, selectivity, and atom economy. Catalytic reactions can meet all these criteria simultaneously. Thus, merging the fields of catalysis and organic synthesis promises an economically and environmentally new quality of organic synthesis. One cornerstone is the development of new ligands and/or catalysts, which are required to achieve highly efficient and selective metal mediated reactions and original catalytic processes. Moreover to increase the number of catalytic applications in industry, low cost and green processes have to be developed. Iron salts are usually non-toxic and very abundant on earth, and consequently among the most inexpensive, easy to handle, and environmentally friendly metal derivatives. In this new economic and environmental race, the use of iron in catalysis has witnessed tremendous activity in recent years. This work contributed to the development of iron complexes in catalysis and particularly in oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. First, we developed a straightforward and efficient synthesis of “piano-stool” iron complexes under microwaves irradiation and applied them in dehydrogenation reactions. This methodology was applied for the synthesis of lactones. Reductive amination under hydrogen pressure is a valuable process in organic chemistry to access amine derivatives from aldehydes or ketones. In this dissertation, we demonstrated that Knölker type complexes were efficient iron complexes in this reaction. In order to determine the influence of the substituent on the cyclopentadienone ancillary ligand, a series of modified Knölker complexes was synthesized and fully characterized. These complexes were also transformed into acetonitrile iron dicarbonyl complexes as they are also pre-catalyst for the reductive amination. Catalytic activities of these complexes were evaluated in a model reaction and the scope and limitation of this process were defined
Benhamed, Imane. „Amélioration par ajout d’un métal de transition de la régénération in situ d’un charbon actif par oxydation catalytique“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14168/1/benhamed.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzizi, Yassine. „Influence des propriétés de surface d'oxydes mixtes sur l'ancrage de particules d'or : application dans des réactions catalytiques d'oxydation et d'hydrogénation de l'acétylène“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe active of gold nanoparticles, is affected by many parameters extensively described in the literature: pH and concentration of the solution, IEP of the support, type of heat treatment, etc. This work describes the steps of development of catalysts based on gold supported on single oxides CeO2, TiO2 and ZrO2 and binary mixed oxides as solid solution: CeO2-ZrO2, TiO2- ZrO2 and CeO2-TiO2 with various ratios Ce/Zr, Ti/Zr and Ce/Ti and the subsequent applications of these catalysts in oxidation reactions and selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The comparison of the physicochemical properties of various catalysts showed the strong influence of the surface state of the support on the particle size and on the reactivity in CO and the complexity of metal-support interactions from the preparation of catalysts. We have highlighted the influence of support on the mechanisms in the reactions involving acetylene
Flouty, Roula. „Combustion du noir de carbone et oxydation du propène en absence et en présence de SO2 sur des catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de molybdène supporté sur cérine“. Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMolybdenum-cerium oxides have been studied in the oxidation reaction of black carbon and propene. The catalytic oxidation reactions were realized at temperatures lower than 450°C. According to molybdenum loadings, the catalysts have been classified in two groups : the first is that of ceria and catalysts with low molybdenum loading which presents a good activity and CO2 selectivity, whereas the second is that of the catalysts with higher molybdenum loadings with lower activity and CO2 selectivity. The catalytic results have been explained by the variation of physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The decrease of active vacant sites and catalyst specific area and the variation of the catalyst redox behavior in the presence of molybdenum can be correlated to the variation of its catalytic behavior. In addition, the study of molybdenum-cerium oxides towards BC combustion and propene oxidation in the presence of SO2 has evidenced the poisonning effect of SO2 on the catalysts behavior and the role of molybdenum for a better catalytic resistance against SO2. Higher is the quantity of molybdenum in the catalyst, better is the catalyst resistance against sulfur
Bodet, Hervé. „Céramiques denses comme réacteur membranaire pour l'oxydation ménagée des hydrocarbures“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-233.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzalim, Saïd. „Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes mixtes à base de zirconium, cérium et manganèse, massiques ou supportés sur monolithe, destinés à l'oxydation catalytique totale du 1-butanol“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10089/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVolatile Organic Compounds are widespread pollutants harmful to human health and environmentally damaging. The elimination of these compounds at low concentrations in the air by catalytic oxidation is a promising mean for the VOCs selective destruction at low temperatures. A preparation of new noble metals-free catalytic formulations appropriate for the nature of the VOCs to be treated is an important issue. In this work we study catalysts based on Zr, Ce and Mn designed for total oxidation of 1-butanol. Mixed oxides of Zr, Ce and Mn, bulk or supported on a monolith, were synthesized. A variable compound of the type Zr0,4Ce0,6-xMnxO2 was prepared in order to optimize the composition of the material. The sol-gel method was used for the preparation of oxide precursors. These precursors were activated by two different routes, thermal and microwave. Their physico-chemical characterization highlighted particularly the contribution of the microwave for samples with high Mn loading. The precursor gels were also used to coat a layer based on Zr, Ce and Mn on a cordierite monolithic support type, coating being revealed by microscopic and spectroscopic characterization. The activity and selectivity of various catalysts were tested in the oxidation reaction of 1-butanol. The best performance was obtained for the composition Zr0,4Ce0,12Mn0,48O2 regardless of the activation of activation (thermal or microwave) and shaping (powder or monolith). These results could be explained by the excellent textural properties, redox and acid-base of these materials
Kovrugin, Vadim M. „Cristallochimie de nouveaux composés d’oxyde du Se4+ et du Se6+“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10072/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and characterization of novel oxide materials containing selenium in the oxidation states of +4 or +6. The structural types occurring in 33 known oxoselenite minerals have an amazing variety, and cover the whole field from 0D to 3D frameworks, which offer unexploited potentialities in terms physical properties. This thesis aims to synthetize and investigate new Se based compounds, essentially using methods inspired by mineralogical processes. Information based on original building units assembled into original architectures have been deduced and compared to related inorganic phases of the literature. In the present study, our innovative so-called “geo-inspired” approach is applied in order to obtain complex novel crystalline compounds. This approach assumes emulation and modelling of natural crystal growth processes. Herein, we used either a traditional descriptive procedure based on consideration of the crystal structures in terms of coordinations of cations, or the modern theory of anion-centered tetrahedra developed by the St. Petersburg school of crystallography and the UCCS group of solid-state chemistry in Lille, in cases when the traditional structural interpretation does not reflect basic principles of crystal chemistry. Thus, several metal-oxide chemical systems with Se4+/6+ and various metals (Cu+/2+, Ni2+, Co2+, V4+/5+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Bi3+, U6+) were studied in the context of the present work. The thesis contains results of synthetic procedures, and crystal chemical characterization of 39 new metal selenites, selenates, and selenite-selenates. The analogy of selenite groups with phosphites was also investigated. Main results are described with reference to more detailed publications given in the appendices
Heidinger, Bertrand. „Synthèse par broyage réactif de perovskites (La,Sr,Ce)(Mn,Fe,Co)O3 : Caractérisation et propriétés catalytiques dans la réaction d'oxydation totale du toluène“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerovskite ABO3 materials (A: La; B: Mn, Fe, Co) have been synthesized by an original reactive grinding method, which has the advantage of being very simple to use, inexpensive and involves little or no solvent. The synthesis was carried out in three successive steps: (i) high temperature calcination to obtain the perovskite structure from the respective single oxides; (ii) high energy grinding to reduce the size of the crystalline domain (Dc) from micrometric to nanometric level by fractionation; (iii) low energy grinding to increase the specific surface area by deagglomeration of the particles. The materials obtained after these three steps showed reduced crystallite sizes (Dc ~10-20 nm), a reasonable specific surface area (respectively 10, 19 and 20 m2·g-1 for LaMnO3,15, LaFeO3 and LaCoO3) and increased reducibility of the B site. The improvement of the textural and redox properties of materials leads to a significant improvement in catalytic performance with respect to the total oxidation reaction of toluene. The LaCoO3 composition presented the best results and this formulation was then used as the starting point for evaluating the impact of the substitution of strontium or cerium at site A: La1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0.05-0.40) and La1-xCexCoO3 (x = 0.01-0.20). The substituted materials showed similar textural properties and catalytic properties superior to the non-substituted reference (LaCoO3), with an optimum observed for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and La0.99Ce0.01CoO3. For La1-xCexCoO3, only a small amount of cerium can be inserted into the structure, with a secondary CeO2 phase forming beyond and poisoning the catalyst. In the case of La1-xSrxCoO3, the incorporation of strontium is complete, inducing: (i) a localized structural disorder allowing better oxygen mobility, as well as (ii) a significant modification of cobalt reducibility, up to its total reduction at low temperature for the highest strontium contents
Faure, Benjamin. „Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux catalyseurs hétérogènes pour la dépollution de l'air“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3493/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to synthesize and optimize new heterogeneous catalysts for air pollution control. These catalysts are nanomaterials produced from a sol / gel process developed at room temperature and in aqueous solution. By adjusting some key parameters of the synthesis, it is possible to control crystalline structure, morphology, size, porosity, and dispersion of the submicron particles in the solution. Sol viscosity is easily adjustable and these dispersions can be deposited on different types of substrates, which represents a significant advantage for the shaping of materials known as "functional". This study focuses on two major families of materials: mesoporous aluminas and mixed transition metal oxides. Initially, we synthesized gamma alumina based catalysts with tunable porosity, by combining the use of nonionic surfactants (triblock copolymers) with the addition of metal nitrates in a nanoparticle boehmite sol (AlOOH). The removal of the surfactant during the heat treatment required for the conversion of the boehmite to gamma alumina, keeps a highly porous network. The pore distribution is strongly dependent on the concentration and type of used metal nitrate, it is possible to tune the volume of the porous material from 0. 3 to 2. 6 cm3/g and the average pore size from 5 to 40 nm. In addition, all these materials have a very large specific surface area, ranging from 300 to 500 m2/g. Transition aluminas have high thermal stability, however, beyond a limit temperature (< 900°C) the crystal structure of these metastable aluminas progressively evolves to alpha alumina (corundum) which is the thermodynamically stable form. This transformation is accompanied by a drastic decrease of porosity and specific surface area (< 1 m²/g). We have shown that the addition of lanthanum nitrate can greatly stabilize transition alumina at high temperature. Indeed they can maintain a high porosity even after calcination at 1200°C (Sp = 70 m2/g and Vp = 0. 6 cm3/g). This stabilization can be explained by the combination of two effects, the adsorption of the copolymer on the acicular boehmite particles prevents their rearrangement during drying and helps maintain a porous network after calcination, and the inhibition of the sintering through the formation of thermally stable species between surface active sites (highly electrophilic site) and the lanthanum atoms. The second part of this study focuses on the preparation of mixed-oxide spinel catalysts for oxidation at low temperature (< 50°C) of carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C3H8). These materials have been prepared by two different synthetic routes: the precipitation of metal hydroxides in dilute medium and precipitation of mixed oxalates. In the case of the precipitation of hydroxides, to synthesize materials having a wide range of specific surface area and porosity, various parameters have been studied (pH, addition of surfactants, oxidizing agent) leading to preparation of oxides whose pores are much higher than those reported in the literature (Sp = 240 m2/g and Vp = 1. 7 cm3/g). The second synthetic route used involves two steps, the precipitation of mixed oxalates followed by thermal decomposition under reduced oxygen partial pressure (4%). The precise control of the decomposition reaction, strongly exothermic, allows for high surface area materials. Systems giving the best conversion rates at low temperature are compositions rich in cobalt. Among them, some catalysts are capable to oxidize propane from 80°C, this exceptional performance is well above the best catalysts reported in the literature even those containing precious metals
Duan, Yan. „Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for Co based transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS416.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of efficient electrocatalysts to lower the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of fundamental importance in improving the overall efficiency of fuel production by water electrolysis. Among a plethora of catalysts being studied on, transition metal oxides / hydroxides that exhibit reasonable activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte have been identified as catalysts to potentially overpass the activity of expensive Ir- and Ru- based oxides. Understanding the OER for transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes paves the way for better design of low cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts. This dissertation, with three different work on Co-based oxides / hydroxides, studies and deepens the understanding of the bulk properties, surface properties of materials and interfacial properties on OER. Firstly, with Fe substitution, it addresses tuning the eg configuration of metal cations in LaCoO3 where adjusting the metal 3d oxygen 2p covalency can bring benefits to the OER performance. Secondly, with Ni substitution in ZnCo2O4, it demonstrates a change in relative position of O p-band and MOh d-band centre which induces a change in stability as well as the possibility for lattice oxygen to participate in the OER. Finally, with La1-xSrxCoO3 series, CoOOH and Fe-containing CoOOH as examples, the impact of the electrolyte has been explored by the study of reaction kinetics parameters. With a better understanding of how material properties and dynamic environment influence the OER activity and mechanism, we can obtain more efficient OER catalysts for better energy infrastructure
Cuzan, Olesea. „Synthesis and characterization of new transition metal complexes for catalytic oxidation and electrolytic proton reduction“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4356.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the ability to synthesize new bioinspired metal catalysts to improve and broaden the spectrum of catalytic activity is of paramount importance for sustainable chemistry respectful for our environment. This thesis is focused on the design of transition metal complexes (copper and palladium) based on two different classes of organic ligands: benzotriazolyl-phenolates and phosphonates.Different original complexes based on palladium and copper were synthetized from benzotriazolyl-phenolate and phosphonates ligands. The characterization of the new compounds was performed by different physical and physico-chemical methods (electrochemistry, EPR, UV-vis, IR, X-ray crystallography) and quantum chemistry. The generation and characterization of different reduced and oxidized species helped us in the possible mechanisms determination. The obtained compounds were successfully employed as catalysts in different processes as: hydrogen production, alcohol oxidation and DNA cleavage
Fressancourt-Collinet, Marion. „Ammonium quaternaires amphiphiles à contre-ion catalytique : Physicochimie et application à l’oxydation en microémulsion“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10203/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCatasurfs are cationic surfactant bearing a catalytic counterion and have been designed for the formulation of three-phase oxidative microemulsion systems whose purpose is the H2O2 oxidation of organic substrates. Physicochemical properties of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium in aqueous solution have been investigated with various counterions, showing the dependence of anion polarisability and hydration on the amphiphilic properties of the surfactant. The phase behavior of water/solvent/surfactant ternary mixtures has been examined according to various parameters (counterion, solvent, quaternary ammonium structure, addition of non ionic surfactant), and particularly the behavior of catalytic surfactants with H2O2. Anion peroxydation, by a variation of its polarisability, radically changes its water and oil affinities, and its phase behavior. The various observations led us to elaborate three-liquid-phase reaction media based on quaternary ammonium molybdate or tungstate, with various solvents (aromatic and alkyl acetates) and under pH control. This type of medium has several practical major advantages: large water/oil interface in the microemulsion phase, simplicity of implementation with only three components, ease of reaction medium treatment with the catalyst lying in the middle phase and the product(s) in the organic phase, instantaneous phase separation thanks to ultra-low interfacial tensions. The efficiency of these three-phase microemulsion systems has been evaluated and validated for the oxidation of sulfides by the H2O2/MoO42- catalytic system, and for the epoxidation of alkenes with H2O2/WO42- in acidic media
Claude, Elisabeth. „Synthèse et optimisation des propriétés magnétiques et morphologiques de poudres d'alliages terres rares-métaux de transition par le procédé de réduction-diffusion (ORD), destinées à l'élaboration d'aimants permanents composites à matrice polymère“. Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaassiri, Said. „Synthèse et caractérisation des oxydes-mixtes nanocristallins de type hexaaluminate : Propriétés en mobilité d'oxygène et en catalyse d'oxydation“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30479/30479.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the 1970’s, hexaaluminate mixed oxides were proposed as efficient materials for catalytic reactions at high temperature, e.g. catalytic combustion. Their abilities to maintain phase stability and high surface area are considered as great properties. Unfortunately, most of the reported chemical synthesis methods for hexaaluminate preparation involve at least one calcinations step at high temperature (> 1100°C) to crystallize the desired pure phase, which leads to crystal growth and unavoidable surface reduction. The catalytic performances of hexaaluminate materials depend essentially to the structural and textural properties i.e. surface area, crystal size, and phase purity. Thus, the first part of this study was dedicated to the study of an original synthesis route, the "Activated Reactive Synthesis" process that is evidenced as a promising top down approach to generate nanostructured hexaaluminate with high surface area. Values of surface areas obtained were largely higher (>77 m2 g-1) to those reported for hexaaluminates prepared by conventional routes (~ 20 m2 g-1). The nature of the transition metal, Mn+, inserted in the hexaaluminate structure, and its concentration, play a key role on the redox behaviours and the oxygen transfer properties. Nevertheless, for a same chemical composition, the redox properties and oxygen mobility were found to be dependent to the structural and textural properties. Activities of hexaaluminate materials in CO and CH4 oxidation reactions are reported to depend on a complex balance between structural and textural properties, surface state, reducibility, and oxygen mobility in the bulk.
Hamiye, Roukaya. „Désulfuration profonde des gazoles par couplage des procédés d’oxydésulfuration et d’hydrodésulfuration“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to achieve a deep desulfurization of petroleum feedstocks, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is used as post treatment of hydrodesulfurization effluents (HDS), the HDS refractory compounds being more reactive in ODS. The resulting sulfones are then separated by extraction or by adsorption. The objective of this study is to propose the ODS no longer as a finishing step but in pre-treatment of the charge before HDS, using the same catalyst for both reactions. The sulfones obtained by the first treatment can potentially be retained on the catalyst and act as a modifying agent. Improved performance in the HDS of a SRGO were obtained on the sulfone-modified catalysts in relation with a change in the morphology of the active phase due to the presence of sulfones. The HDS of feeds containing dissolved sulfones has also been studied. A significantly higher conversion rate is obtained by hydrodesulfurizing the oxidized feeds, the sulfones present being desulfurized more readily than the refractory sulfur molecules. Finally, the coupling of the ODS and HDS processes in micro-pilot on the same CoMoP/Al2O3 catalyst enabled to validate the more efficient desulfurization of the oxidized gas oils, even on a catalyst that has already undergone a cycle of ODS. This study therefore highlights on the one hand the advantage of the pretreatment of the charge by ODS before HDS and, on the other hand, the possibility of a continuous coupling on the same catalyst, moreover avoiding the steps of separation of the sulfones from the charge
Al-Hussaini, Louay. „Utilisation de moyens d’activation non-conventionnels pour le clivage oxydant de la lignine par le dioxygène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS448.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to the depletion of fossil resources, the interest of lignin as a sustainable alternative to petroleum is growing. Thus, the main purpose of this thesis was to develop a process for oxidative cleavage of lignin by dioxygen that involves unconventional methodologies like sonochemistry and ball-milling. The catalysts used here were KEGGIN molybdovanadophosphates (PMoVx). First, the operating conditions (solvent, catalytic charge and vanadium content) were optimized to afford the cleavage of two models, 2-phenoxyacetophenone (K1HH) and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (A1HH), at atmospheric O2 pressure, into phenol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. For A1HH, harsher conditions were found to be necessary (O2 5 bar, 120°C). The catalysts were conventionally synthesized using a hydrothermal pathway, which consists in the H3PO4 attack of MoO3 and V2O5 in reflux water. A long heating period is often required to get moderate yields of PMoVx. Ball-milling synthesis was therefore considered. It consisted in preparing a mixed oxide by grinding MoO3 and V2O5. The latter's attack by H3PO4 was then shorter, took place at a lower temperature and resulted in higher yields of PMoVx. The activity of thus obtained PMoVx for model cleavage was similar to that of their hydrothermally synthesized counterparts. Preliminary tests on an Organosolv lignin from wheat straw under optimized conditions yielded low yields of cleavage products. Sonochemical assistance was therefore tested showing, in the case of A1HH, that a low frequency in conjunction with dioxygen bubbling was the best option
Enriquez, Rosado María del Rosario. „Mécanismes photocatalytiques et relations activité-propriétés de TIO2 en phases gazeuse et aqueuse : Echange isotopique d'oxygène. Oxydations (méthanol, acide dichloroacétique, aromatiques). Effets d'un acide humique et de la fixation de TiO2“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective was to assess the effect of several properties of TiO2 powders over the photocatalytic activity for reaction in the gaseous and aqueous phases. These powders were produced by TiOSO4 thermohydrolysis and calcined at various temperatures; so me were fixed over a fibed glass tissue with SiO2 as a binder. The structural, textural (SEM, EDX) and absorptive (UV-DR) properties of powder and fixed TiO2 were characterized. Oxygen isotopic exchange 18O2-Ti16O2 (OIE) and methanol removal were used as gas-phase reactions. In water, the elimination of chlorinated pollutants (4-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, and dichloroacetic acid), as well as humic acid effect over quinoline photocatalytic removal were studied. Useful results were obtained from the comparaison between oxidation reactions and OIE, based on the fact that OIE is sensitive to TiO2 accessibility and surface oxygen atom lability. Comparison between activities per surface and mass units showed the respective significance of charge recombination rates and surface area according to the reactions. The main conclusions are: (1) initial attack of methanol does not need the transfer of surface oxygen atom; (2) chlorophenols can be attacked into water multilayers near the surface, whereas CHCI2-COOH needs to be in direct contact with TiO2; (3) silica decrease in the rates of OIE and CHCI2-COOH elimination compared with that chloropheols; (4) for concentrations, adsorbed humic acids (HA) increase the removal rate of quinoline, presuomably because of the effect of quinoline sequestration by adsorbed HA, whereas, at high concentrations, the unfavorable overall influence is due to UV absorption by HA
Elleuch, Khaled. „Comportement en fretting d'alliages d'aluminium : Effet de l'anodisation“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn all plane crankcases, vibrations lead to fretting stresses on mechanical assemblies, resulting damage can generate more or less important dysfunction. Two main results are put ahead during this research. The first is a correlation between fretting parameters and crack propagation. Thus, an original methodology for in-situ detection of short crack propagation under fretting wear is implemented. The second result is the development of a wear analysis strategy, which may be extensible to materials subjected to adhesion. With the aim of synthesizing this approach, a fretting wear map is proposed. It takes into account simultaneously phenomenological description of the contact and quantitative analysis of wear. Thus, it is possible to identify the scenario of wear and consequently to determine the concerned mechanisms. The competition between cracking and wear was the subject of a detailed study showing in particular the critical stress field for which there is intensive competition between both kinetics of wear and cracking. In order to improve the fretting behaviour of the aluminium alloy casings, a systematic analysis of the influence of the anodised layers is appliel. The layers have a beneficial effect against wear,and especially, they ensure a better protection of the substrates against cracking
Bedioui, Fethi. „Etude électrochimique de complexes de métaux de transition (bases de Schiff et porphyrines) en solution et sous forme d'électrodes modifiées : application à la catalyse électroassistée de réactions organiques“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066338.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaranov, Alexeï. „Apport de la spectroscopie Mössbauer à l'étude des phénomènes électroniques et structuraux au sein de réseaux oxygénés renfermant un élément de transition à un degré d'oxydation élevé“. Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13449.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the study of electronic phenomena, structural and magnetic transitions through Mössbauer Spectroscopy using 57Fe as local probe (1 to 2% at. ). Three different matrixes have been selected: (i) the nickelates TNiO3 with the perovskite structure (T=rare-earth, Y, Tl), (ii) the copper 3+ oxides: LaCuO3 with the perovskite structure, SrLaCuO4 and La2Li0. 50Cu0. 50O4 with the K2NiF4-type structure, (iii) the oxide CaMn7O12 with a structure derived from the perovskite (CaMn )(Mn Mn4+)O12 where a Jahn-Teller cation (Mn3+) can occupy the A site. Mössbauer spectroscopy has allowed to underline the following electronic and structural phenomena: (i) for the TNiO3 matrixesthe insulationmetal transition, the disproportionation, the magnetic ordering involving two Ni3+ electronic configurations; (ii) for the Cu3+ Oxides: the charge transfert Cu3+ O Cu2+ OL; (iii) in the case of CaMn7O12 matrix two phenomena: a second order structural transition (rhomboedral cubic) (387T455 K), a second order magnetic transition close to 90 K
Ibrahim, Maya. „Optimization of catalysts based on copper and manganese oxides supported on hydroxyapatite for the total oxidation of toluene“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of catalytic processes in air pollution abatement is widespread and regarded as one of the most promising methods for atmospheric pollutants removal. Heterogeneous catalysts are efficiently used to reduce toxic emissions, such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), among which toluene was selected as model molecule to be used in this study. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which was shown, through previous investigations, to be extremely useful in the field of environmental management, owing to its particular structure and attractive properties, was chosen to be the active phase support in the current work. Copper and manganese oxides, transition metal oxides which had proven to be highly active in the total oxidation of toluene in the past, were designated for the role of active phases in the presently prepared hydroxyaptite (Hap) -supported catalysts. Firstly, a close examination into the use of Hap supported binary Cu-Mn oxides with different atomic Cu/Mn composition (2; 1; 0.5) was conducted. This study showed binary oxide catalysts to be more efficient than the single transition metal oxide catalysts, and determined an optimal Cu/Mn molar ratio value equal to 2. Secondly, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), an organic complexing agent, was employed to adjust poor copper species dispersion, a problem that limits the performances of Cu-supported catalysts. Not only was the success of using β-CD in improving Cu dispersion and reducibility revealed through physicochemical analysis, but a meticulous inspection of the interactions taking place within the synthesized system, from solution stage to that of calcined product, exposed the role of β-CD at each step of the Cu/Hap catalyst preparation, evidencing the occurrence of interactions between β-CD molecules and both Cu2+ ions derived from copper precursor and Ca2+ ions of hydroxyapatite support. Finally, an investigation of manganese speciation in Mn/Hap catalysts with different Mn loadings was carried out. Results indicated an increase in Mn average oxidation state (AOS) going hand in hand with that of Mn content. However, a lower Mn AOS turned out to be more beneficial for the catalyst’s reducibility