Dissertationen zum Thema „Métalliques“
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Uriarte, Mentec Jean-Louis. „Les verres métalliques massifs“. Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBulk metallic glasses are multicomponent alloys amorphisables by cooling from the liquid state and present a structure with no long-range order (no crystalline lattice). Several criteria for metallic glass formation and their influence on crystallisation kinetics are considered. For the first time, a real time diffraction study of the liquid to glass transformation during cooling of a liquid Pd-based alloy is performed using synchrotron light. Detailed study of conditions and parameters for bulk metallic glass preparation are presented for Pd and Zr-based alloys. The improvement of bulk glass-forming ability by the selective addition of constituents to Zr-based alloys is also considered. In-situ study of crystallisation and glass transition in monochromatised synchroton light is also presented for different glassy alloys. The alloy design process leading to the development of some Hf-based bulk metallic glasses is presented in the last chapter
Chen, Su-Wen. „Dérivés métalliques des polyoxométallates“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhadivi-Banna, Habibollah. „Contribution à l’étude du comportement en flexion de tubes métalliques remplis de béton“. Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCanário, Ana Rita. „Transfert de charge sur des surfaces métalliques, des oxydes et des agrégats métalliques supportés“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKameche, Farid. „Assemblage dirigé de nanocristaux métalliques“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066305/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fine control of nanoparticles bi-dimensional organization remains a main challenge for magnetic recording applications. Although the current size for a data bit is around a few tens of nanometers, it could be reduced to the nanometer scale simply through using magnetic nanoparticles. Nonetheless, intrinsic parameters of the nanoparticles such as their sizes, shapes and chemical compositions have a direct incidence on their periodic arrangement. Two different chemical routes were used to synthesize 2 nm CoPt and Co33Pt67 nanoalloys. Due to the high chemical disordering of these nanocrystals, the blocking temperature and coercive fields were lower than wished for data storage applications. In order to exhibit a higher chemical ordering, in situ annealing of these nanocrystals was carried out. It has been shown that ordering occurred around 400°C. Plus, size and shape for Co33Pt67 were kept after annealing but not for equiatomic composition. Nevertheless, only poor mesoscopic ordering between nanoparticles is observed, as reported elsewhere. This hurdle could be overcome in using organic molecules able to self-assemble on graphite and forming a porous two-dimensional supramolecular template. Thus, such template was designed and used to demonstrate that 2 nm Pt nanoparticles can locally organize in quasi-hexagonal or monoclinic lattices
Gros, Emmanuelle. „Caractérisation thermique des mousses métalliques“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1354.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouadim, Karim. „Phases métalliques de fermions corrélés“. Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study the possibility of interaction driven insulator to metal transitions and superconductivity in fermionic systems on lattices. We first introduce the Hubbard model which describes fermions in a crystal in the tight-binding limit. Then we show evidence for interaction-driven insulator-metal transitions in the ionic Hubbard model. At half-filling, when the interaction strength or the staggered potential dominates we find Mott and band insulator, respectively. When these two energies are of the same order we find a metallic phase. Then we study a bilayer Hubbard model which exhibits such insulator to metal transitions and shows an interesting superconducting signal. Finally, we study a bilayer Hubaard model which describes interacting fermions on a lattice whose on-site repulsion is modulated by a coupling to fluctuating bosonic field
Boyer, David. „Détection photothermique de nanoparticules métalliques“. Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12684.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenabbas, Abdelkrim. „Dynamique femtoseconde de nanostructures métalliques“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/BENABBAS_Abdelkrim_2004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this thesis work, we have investigated the linear and non-linear properties of the optical response of noble metal nanostructures (especially gold). Firstly, we have used The TDLDA (Time Dependant Local Density Approximation) formalism to study the optical response of noble metal clusters (gold and silver) as function of their size and the environment. Then we have focused on the study of the ultrafast dynamics of the enhanced transmission of gold polaritonic crystals - gold films perforated with sub-wavelength hole arrays-. This topic, which constitutes the major aspect of this thesis has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The analysis of the calculated transmission, reflection and absorption spectra of our samples showed that the enhancement of the transmission is due to tunneling through surface plasmon polaritons excited at each metal/dielectric interface. The transmission spectra have been analyzed in both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. Concerning the femetosecond dynamics, we have discussed the relative importance of the spectral broadening and shift of the enhanced transmission resonances depending on their spectral position with respect to the interband transition threshold of gold. We have also showed that the non-linear optical properties of the these structures are strongly enhanced due to the light coupling to surface plasmons. Our results demonstrate the possibility to control the enhanced transmission of polaritonic crystals on picosecond time scale opening the way for the realization of many optical non-linear devices such as ultrafast nanoscaled optical switches
Laborde, S. „Acoustique picoseconde dans les multicouches métalliques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418848.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaborde, Stephane. „Acoustique Picoseconde dans les multicouches métalliques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412511.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaborde, Stéphane. „Acoustique picoseconde dans les multicouches métalliques“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNappa, Jérôme. „Diffusion hyper Rayleigh de nanoparticules métalliques“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuatremare, Pierre. „Architectures hétéro-poly-métalliques (multi)-fonctionnelles“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066636/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDevelopment of new molecular materials for information storage has been enlarged interest for more than ten years. To synthesis such kind of molecules, it becomes necessary to assemble different type of complexes which possess one or more properties and then to try to switch these properties. The first part of the manuscript describe the synthesis and the characterization of different kind of supramolecular complexes, in particular some hetero-tetra-metallic squares which are single molecule magnets because of cupper-terbium moieties. A new assembling strategy with ruthenium complexes has also been developed. This strategy allowed us to obtain new hetero-tri and hetero-tetra- metallic architectures. Finally, new molecular chains have been synthetized.The second part deals with some photo-magnetic compounds. The first evidence of a reverse LIESST effect has been demonstrated on a MoZn2 complex. EPR measurements also demonstrated, for the first time a LIESST effect on a tungsten atom. Preliminaries results about new kind of photo- magnetic crystal of crystal are presented
Loubière, Sophie. „Elaboration et caractérisation de poudres et de suspensions électrolytiques. Application à la fabrication de revêtements composites“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePankau, Rafal. „Conception optimale des portiques avec la prise en compte des problèmes de stabilité“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of portal frames in building engineering is very common. Engineers, during the design process, aim to reduce the cost of the structure and, consequently, the whole investment. The complexity of the problem and lack of proper tools assisting the optimisation process, hamper the effective use of material. In the thesis, the genetic algorithms were used to solve the problem of optimization of steel portal frames. In the first part of dissertation, the problems of steel portal frames design were analysed and design assumptions were done. European and Polish codes for steel structures design andstandards for loads got acquainted. Procedures for section and element dimensioning were built taking into account all essential applied to real structures. Next, a version of the genetic algorithm adapted for the optimization of frame structureswas presented. A complete computer program containing modules of static analysis, stability analysis, dimensioning and optimization has been created. The developed software was applied to the problem of optimization of steel portalframes. The solutions were calculated according to European standards, and afterwards Polish standards. The optimization of 96 frame examples of different geometry and loading was carried out. The analysis of solutions enabled us to formulate conclusion and recommendations concerning optimal design of portal frames. The obtained results can be useful in real design problems
Humbert, Olivier. „Synthèse, caractérisations et propriétés de surface de nanopoudres d'oxydes à vocation catalytique“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL086N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe studied the influence of high energy bail milling crushing on Iwo types of oxides with catalytic properties. First of ail, two titanium dioxide powders (TiO2 PG and TiO2 GG) were characterized according to the time of milling. During milling, TiO2 anatase is transformed into rutile via a phase hot pressure/hot temperature called TiO2 Il. With TiO2 PG, we tried to correlate the decrease of the photocatalytic activity and the evolution of the properties of surface with the time of milling. The second family of oxides is composed of zirconia and ceria as weil as two solid solutions formed starting from these two powders. We compared the properties of surface of the powders synthesized according to three ways (an annealing and 2 milling) for the solid solutions and the effect of milling on the properties of surface of the starting powders. We could note notable and interesting differences between the powders obtained by milling and the powders obtained by thermal way
Nguyen, My-Anh. „SYNTHÈSE DE NANOSTRUCTURES MÉTALLIQUES SOUS FAISCEAU D'IONS“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525840.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHajlaoui, Khalil. „Verres Métalliques et leurs Nanocomposites: Déformation hétérogène“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441787.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMary, Alexandre. „Plasmon de surface de particules métalliques toroïdales“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125844.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePicaud, Fabien. „Nanostructuration d'objets métalliques sur surfaces à défauts“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002670.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLerond, Thomas. „Etude des interactions nanoparticules métalliques-émetteurs quantiques“. Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn an industrial world where one of the most important issues is miniaturization the next step is to master nanometric scale. Optical nanosources, which are based on a strong light confinment, should allow to supply the next nanophotonic devices. Since Purcell demonstrate that light emission properties are not inhérent to optical emitters, scientists search to understand and control these properties. Metallic nanoparticles or nanostructures allow to modify these luminescence properties by changing emission and excitation rates or redirect the emitted light.In this study, we focus on this coupling with simple structures made from nanoparticles and quantum emitters in order to discriminate the effect of this coupling at different distances between metal and emitter. We observe three different processes: a strong quenching of the luminescence at the viscinity of the metal, an enhancement at longer distances, and an excitation enhancement. Then we show that it is possible to use this amplified excitation to obtain multiphoton absorption. Finally, we prospect a new way for future works: using aluminium plasmonic properties in UV to search on UV nanosources
Mongin, Denis. „Spectroscopie ultrarapide de nanoparticules métalliques et hybrides“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10129/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe usse of a pump-probe experimental setup allowed the study of different specific physical properties of different types of nano-objects. First, the selective study of an hybrid nanoparticles comosed of a CdS nanostick and a particle directly groxwn on the semiconductor part proved the existence of a transfer between the two part of the hybrid nanoparticle and showed that this phenomenon occurs in less than 15 femtosecondes. The study of optical propertie of gold nanoparticles with an extra charge due to the transfer showed that adding few electrons to a small gold nanoparticles leads to a red shift of the plasmon resonance. Secondly, measurment of the period of fundamental vibration modes of a bilayer nano-object (spheric or elongated) composed of a metallic core and a dielectric or metallic shell lead to information on the relative thickness of the layers and the contact quality between them. LAstly, the study of the characteristic time of electron-phonon interactions in metallic nanoparticles has proven that there are two different methods of measuring this characteristic time, and its investigation for small nanoparticles (less than 250 atoms) leads to the observation of a transition form a "bulk" to a molecular behaviour
Breuils, Jacques. „Caractérisation par nanoindentation de surfaces métalliques fonctionnalisées“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWorks performed during this thesis were dedicated to development of tools allowing:(i) To estimate using nanoindentation tests the level of biaxial residual stresses introduced within a 2050-T8 aluminium alloy. We propose an estimation method that couples experimental nanoindentation tests, residual imprints observation and numerical evaluation of the impact of elastic biaxial residual stresses on the geometries of residual indentation imprints. And (ii) the determination by nanoindentation of the mechanical behavior of an ultra-thin oxide film, between 15 to 20nm thickness, formed on a dual phased Duplex stainless steel. We developed a characterization method that couples analysis of experimental nanoindentation tests using several indenters with known tip defects, and reproduction of these tests in 3D finite element simulations using the true indenters' geometries
Durin, Bertrand. „Transfert et transport colloïdal de polluants métalliques“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImpact of transport infrastructures, and more generally of urban spaces, on the environment is one of the ministry in load of the environment concerns. The runoff waters of urban impervious surfaces are composed of complex various pollutants. The topic of this work was to specify the colloidal fraction rôle on the mobility of trace elements in road runoff management. The study was performed at the scale of an infiltration bassin equipped to collect and qualify the waters from the road to interstitial volume in the sediment. This global assessment was completed by laboratory column experiments to mimic the variation of ionic strength and hydraulic head. The colloidal fraction collection was collected by ultrafiltration and the characterization was carried out by coupling the physico-chemical analyses (ICP-AES, SAA, SEM, ESEM, STEM, XPS) and a geochemical computer code. The results obtained in situ highlight the existence and the great variability of the colloidal fraction. Only copper was always present in the colloidal fraction from 4 to 59 % of total concentration. A methodology to reduce uncertainty was developed. A strong ionic strength decrease induced a colloidal organic matter release and lead, copper, aluminium mobilization, whereas stop and flow experiment mobilized copper iron, zinc, nickel and organic compounds. The characterization of the colloidal fraction showed that trace elements were associated with aluminium and iron oxides and with organic substances resulting from biological degradation but which are to be identified
Daligault, Jérôme. „Dynamique électronique femtoseconde dans les agrégats métalliques“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTalon, Arnaud. „Contrôlabilité des alliages inter-métalliques Titane-Aluminium“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNagpal, Dua Neerja. „Acétylures métalliques fonctionnels pour des assemblages moléculaires“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the general framework of the use of organometallic complexes for optoelectronics, this thesis is devoted to the development of supramolecular materials with controlled architecture. Our aim was to synthesize alkynyl ruthenium building blocks, whose packing could be programmed. New monometallic and bimetallic complexes connected by conjugated nitrile bridges were elaborated starting from alkynyl ruthenium complexes. These synthesis were successfully directed towards the formation of either symmetrical or push-pull bimetallic complexes. The conception of functionalized alkynyl ruthenium to be included as building blocks of hydrogen bonded assemblies was considered using thymine and diaminotriazine groups as complementary units. The hydrogen bond driven self-association of these hybrid systems was studied by NMR
Caty, Olivier. „Fatigue des empilements de sphères creuses métalliques“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetal hollow spheres can be piled up and soldered together to form a cellular material. The initial hollow spheres exhibiting a mono-disperse size and thickness, the resulting material is rather homogeneous. This kind of material allows a remarkable flexibility in terms of microstructural design. The thickness and diameter of the spheres, the nature of the metal used (nickel, steel. . . ) can be varied. This allows to tailor the microstructure in order to reach the target properties imposed by the design on the material. Before being able to tailor these properties and invent the material meeting a specific design (material by design), it is necessary to know the relation between the varying parameters and the resulting properties. This study aims at determining and modelling the effects of the microstructure of hollow spheres metals on their fatigue properties. Fatigue properties of a rather large range of metal hollow sphere structures were determined by mean of conventional fatigue tests. All the data were collected to build S-N curves. The constitutive material, the density, the thicknesses of the walls, the diameters and the fatigue loading mode were varied to determine the effect of each parameter. Tomographies of samples tested ex-situ reveal the different kinds of fatigue damage mechanisms and their influence on the macroscopic behavior. The three-dimensional X-ray tomographic images could also be used for meshing and to calculate the behaviour of the structure. This step has been done with a shell finite element model obtained from tomographic images. The model is enriched by a direct thickness measurement on the tomographic images. The values measured are affected to the shell elements. The model permits to determine the stress and strain field inside the microstructure. The fatigue behaviour has been modelled by post processing the proportion of yield elements and the size of yield areas. These models permit to determine the fatigue limit of numerically built hollow sphere structures and investigate parameters never experimentally studied
Penazzi, Luc. „Comportement à l'impact de plaques minces métalliques“. Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeintz, Olivier. „Nanomorphologie de films métalliques : étude par S.I.M.S“. Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDugourd, Philippe. „Structure et dynamique des petits agrégats métalliques“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Thi My Anh. „Synthèse de nanostructures métalliques sous faisceau d'ions“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents an original approach of the synthesis by ion implantation of buried nanostructures. This non-equilibrium thermodynamics synthesis includes two steps : the first is to control the formation of nanocavities in the semiconductor matrix, the second is to use the created free surfaces in order to favor the growth of silicide by trapping the point defects (vacancies, interstitials) associated to implantation or the implanted elements. The management of the first stage involves the control of the size distribution, density and location of nanocavities. This thesis presents a detailed study of the formation of nanocavities, through the variation of experimental parameters such as the implantation energy and temperature or the annealing time. The nucleation-growth mechanisms involved have been studied. A noticeable result of this first step get the point about the balance time dependence of the 2 mechanisms involved in the growth process of (nano)cavities. At the very beginning of the annealing the main mechanism occurring is a migration-coalescence including nanobulles and vacancy-helium complexes leading to the cavities formation. Then, related to the helium exodiffusion, an Ostwald ripening mechanim, progressively appeared between the nanocavities and cavities. The second step approach was made in the case of cobalt and nickel. In particular, we have shown that the nanocavities allow the epitaxial growth of CoSi2 nanoprecipitates during Co implantation at 650 ° C, while the classical synthesis of CoS2 precipitates coherent with the matrix of Si requires annealing at 1000 ° C. We discuss this result in the light of the nucleation-growth model associated with those disilicide metals, and propose an explanation related to the trapping of vacancies by nanocavities. Besides the technical implantation and characterization of ion beam, used in the sample synthesis, the main investigative technique used in this work is the conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The observations under bright field allowed to identify and quantify nanocavities formation while, from dark field observations, I was able to determine the nature of precipitates (coherent or semi-coherent interface growth with the matrix)
Tlili, Ali. „Mécanismes de l'étanchéité statique des joints métalliques“. Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENISE018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis aims to better understand the sealing mechanisms in contact at the interface between a metal gasket and clamps. The proposed approach is based on the development of a numerical model of the clamping seal by incorporating the laws' behavior of materials that will be determined by micro-instrumental indentation testing. This model is particularly interested in identifying ways of providing the fluid leak to be sealed and to determine leakage rates resulting from the identified paths, as well as the evolution of the conductance of the interface over time. Particular attention will be paid to the roughness of the surface, changing leak paths at different levels depending on the tightening of the seal and gas flow rates in the different types of defects. The study was conducted in Pierrelatte's Sealing laboratory that develops metal seals for the aerospace, nuclear and scientific research. The thesis focuses on real surfaces and was supplemented by measurements of helium leaks using a press which applies different loads at different gas pressures and different roughness
Gao, Yumin. „Influences des dépôts métalliques sur l'effet SERS“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuguet, Thomas. „Surfaces et films minces d'alliages métalliques complexes“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL048N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter an introductive chapter on complex metallic alloys and surfaces, the thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first part (Chap.II) concerns the structural determination of the 2-fold surface of d-Al-Cu-Co quasicrystal, by using LEED and STM. The results show (i) that the experimental terraces correspond to dense and Al-rich terminations -the element with the lowest surface energy- and (ii) that this decagonal phase could be entropically stabilized. In the second part of the manuscript (Chap.III, IV and V), we apply a surface science approach to solve a technological bottleneck: the adherence of quasicrystalline coatings on metallic substrates. We propose to grow a buffer layer that would accommodate the differences between the two materials. For that purpose, the ?-Al4Cu9 phase is a good candidate as it shares electronic and structural properties with both substrate and coating. Hence, we synthesize model interfaces by using MBE, first by adsorption and annealing of Cu on the 5-f surface of i-Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal and then in the Al on Cu(111) system. Photoemission, STM and LEED experiments, along with DFT calculations show that a coherent interface can be grown between the ?-Al4Cu9 surface alloy and both the Cu and the quasicrystal. Those fundamental results are successfully reproduced in the real world, by growing similar interfaces using magnetron sputterring (Chap.V)
Gaetano, Yannick de. „Nouveaux systèmes complexants sélectifs d'ions métalliques supportés“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the present work is dedicated to the valorization of calix[4]arene derivatives as transition-metal selective extraction agents, immobilized onto natural polymers (cellulose) or artificial (polystyrenic resins). We have elaborated a multi-step synthesis strategy, allowing the introduction of bipyridine units (2 or 3) on the lower rim and the incorporation of an amine spacer arm dedicated to grafting. Metal/Ligand stoechiometries studies in solution were undertaken by UV-Visible spectroscopy.Then, the ligands obtained were grafted onto PS-DVB resins functionnalized with aldehyde groups (Wang) or cholomethylene groups (Merrifield), and onto natural polymer (cotton). The grafting rates were determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy and ionic chromatography. Their extractive capacities were studied in aqueous/organic media, firstly for monometallic solutions then for more complex mixtures.The last part of our work was dedicated to the separation of a ternary mixture Ag/Zn/Pb, which could have an economic interest. A solid-liquid extraction process was developped, integrating recyclability and stability studies. The effective separation of these 3 metal ions was proved
Bouzouita, Donia. „Marquage isotopique catalysé par des nanoparticules métalliques“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeuterated compounds are molecules of great interest in various fields. In pharmacology, the H/D exchange can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of some drugs or reduce their toxicity. In addition, deuterium-labelled compounds can be used as internal standards for mass spectroscopy, or as tracers for the understanding of different reaction mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to find a way to exchange hydrogen with deuterium in a simple, selective and efficient way. The main goal of the PhD project is the synthesis of novel nanoparticles for isotopic exchange (H/D). Metal nanoparticles and more particularly ruthenium nanoparticles, has shown their efficiency to catalyze this exchange. However, ruthenium nanoparticles are very active in arene hydrogenation, and often lead to the reduction of aromatic substrates. In a second part of the work, we synthesized Ru-Pt alloys in an attempt to passivate the Ru surface with platinum, which is less-active in H/D exchange. We have shown that by changing the platinum precursor, we can change the atomic distribution of the surface, and thus we were able to modulate the reactivity of nanoparticles. We finally synthesized Ni and Ir nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have proven to be efficient catalysts for H/D exchange, without reducing aromatic functions. In addition, different selectivity was obtained depending on the metal used
Schweyer, Fabienne. „Les dérivés métalliques utilisés en chimiothérapie anticancéreuse“. Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWu, Dan. „Synergie d'effets stériques, électroniques et bifonctionnels pour la conception de catalyseurs métalliques hautement sélectifs promus par des éléments non métalliques“. Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe depletion of fossil resources and increasing environmental concerns encourage the production of sustainable chemicals and fuels from biomass resources. Selectivity is the primary parameter for heterogeneous catalytic processes, especially for the catalytic conversion of biomass-based molecules, containing a lot of functional groups with generation of various products. Recently, rational modification towards surface chemistry of metal catalysts has attracted intensive attention to tune the activity and selectivity. In this thesis, the modification of noble metal catalysts such as Pd and Ru with various non-metallic promoters such as iodine, bromine, and amines has been developed. These modifications lead to various effects like in-situ acidity generation, selective deactivation, electronic effect, and molecular imprinting. Important industrial reactions such as reductive etherification, hydrodeoxygenation, cleavage of lignin model compounds, and aromatics hydrogenation were investigated. The thesis consists of 7 chapters and 219 pages.In Chapter 1, a literature review of the recent progress in tuning catalytic properties of metal catalysts with non-metallic modifiers will be introduced. Different modification strategies will be clarified. And a general analysis will be proposed about the effects imposed by non-metallic modifiers of metal catalysts. Various industrial important reactions with the selectivity problems are discussed to elucidate the promotion effects of the non-metallic modifiers in catalysis.Chapter 2 introduces the experimental details about the preparation, characterization, and catalytic evaluation of the catalysts. Modification of Pd catalyst with iodine and bromine was investigated in Chapter 3 ~ 4. The structure-performance relationships were studied by catalytic reactions and various in-situ and ex-situ characterizations. We found that iodine and bromine withdraw electrons from Pd, leading to negative charged iodine and bromine atoms on Pd surface. Heterolytic dissociation of hydrogen on the Pd-I and Pd-Br sites leads to the in-situ generation of Brönsted acidity. The acid-metal bifunctional Pd-I and Pd-Br catalysts exhibited high efficiency for the reductive etherification of aldehydes with alcohol and the hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to dimethylfuran, respectively.In Chapter 5, the modification of metal catalysts with halogens was extended to Ru catalyst. Ru-Br catalyst has been developed and demonstrated high selectivity for the cleavage of lignin model compound diphenyl ether to mono aromatics. Further investigations indicate that the terrace sites on Ru nanoparticles, which are responsible for aromatic-rings hydrogenation, selectively deactivated by Br atoms. Moreover, Br as a strongly electronegative element withdraws electrons from Ru, leading to positively charged Ru nanoparticles. The electron-deficient Ru nanoparticles exhibited enhanced activity for hydrogenolysis of electron-rich C-O bonds. The synergy of selective deactivation and electronic effect enabled Ru-Br catalyst high efficiency for the production of phenol and benzene from diphenyl ether with high selectivity.Based on the deep understanding of the multifunctional effects of non-metallic modifiers of metal catalysts, a molecularly imprinting strategy has been proposed in Chapter 6. Molecular imprinting for the preparation of imprinted heterogeneous catalyst involves adsorption of a template molecule, deactivation with poisoners with reservation of non-poisoned active islands with pre-determined shape and size for selective transformation of the molecules corresponding to templates. We demonstrate this strategy for selective hydrogenation of aromatic molecules with different alkyl radicals by preliminary deposition of these molecules as template over Pd catalyst and deactivation using dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA)
Portal, Laura. „Synthèse et caractérisation structurale de nanocristaux d’oxydes métalliques“. Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1446de7f-ad34-4523-a092-42b9d260355c/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4063.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and the structural characterization of metallic oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 and TiO2) as well as their size/structure relationships. We elaborated nanoparticles with a size inferior to 5 nm and a narrow size distribution. The syntheses were performed by a non-hydrolytic sol-gel route. The structural study was carried out using several empirical and ab initio simulation methods and X-ray total scattering to extract the pair distribution functions (PDF) of the samples. We succeeded in synthesizing crystalline nanoparticles of ZrO2 and TiO2 with a size of about 3 nm and quasi mono-dispersed. In the case of ZrO2, we showed that the addition of metallic sodium in the reaction environment is a key parameter in order to have crystallized and single-phased nanoparticles with an average tetragonal structure. Various models of nanoclusters (ZrO2)n (with n < 200) were built using methods such as genetic algorithms, molecular dynamics and structural relaxation. Comparing their PDF with the experimental data revealed that: (i) the most energetically stable theoretical configurations are the most disordered, (ii) the stabilization of the surface of the models, obtained by saturation with water molecules, can limit the disorder. This result is more in agreement with the experimental data and emphasizes the importance of the surface of such nanometer-sized objects, (iii) finally, the structure, including core and surface, highly evolves with the size of the particles
Lavastre, Olivier. „Dérivés du tantalocène : hydrures, métallophosphines et composés bimétalliques“. Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNardou, Éric. „Nanoparticules métalliques en matrices vitreuses pour l'amplification Raman“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740971.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbed, Ichem. „Fabrication de motifs métalliques et semi-conducteurs co“. Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157846.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelleêtre utilisés soit comme coeur d'un dispositif, soit comme élément d'adressage d'un autre
nano-objet. Cette thèse explore deux voies de fabrication de nanofils.
La première concerne un procédé d'écriture directe de motifs d'or de dimension
nanométrique, par transfert d'atomes depuis une pointe STM vers la surface. Des lignes d'or
de largeur 15 nm, d'épaisseur 3 nm et de longueur 300 nm ont pu être tracées sur une surface
de silicium.
La seconde voie concerne un procédé de fabrication de nanofils de silicium (SiNWs)
par décomposition thermique du silane (SiH4) sur une surface recouverte d'agrégats d'or, par
la technique VLS (Vapor Liquid Solid). Deux moyens de chauffage ont été utilisés pour
forcer la croissance horizontale des fils à partir d'une électrode prédéposée sur une surface
isolante. Dans un premier temps, la surface a été chauffée sous l'impact d'un faisceau laser
continu focalisé, pour induire localement un fort gradient thermique latéral sur une zone de
diamètre 3 μm. Dans un second temps, la croissance des nanofils de Si a été forcée à partir de
lignes de tungstène sub-microniques chauffées par effet Joule, par passage d'un courant de
forte densité.
Les mécanismes de croissance sont discutés.
Corral, Valero Manuel. „Simulation ab initio de nano-agrégats métalliques supportés“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091925.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbbana, Bennani Mouna. „Apport des mousses métalliques en réacteur continu intensifié“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7768/1/abanna_bennani.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAddou, Rafik. „Surfaces d'alliages métalliques complexes : structure, propriétés et nanostructuration“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL011N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe report the investigation of pseudo-ten-fold surfaces on two complex metallic alloys considered as approximants to the decagonal quasicristal. The atomic and electronic structure of the both samples is investigated by means of a multi-technique approach supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations. The main termination of the (100) surface of Al13Co4 is attributed to an incomplete puckered layer. The (010) surface of Al3(Mn, Pd) exhibits an important amount of structural imperfections. With the exception of several vacancies, this surface is identical to the complete puckered layer. In a second stage, both surfaces have been used as templates for the growth of metallic thin films. On both surfaces, Pb adatoms adopt a pseudomorphic growth mode up to one monolayer. For the Al13Co4 surface, the sticking coefficient of Pb vanishes upon the completion of the monolayer. However, it remains sufficient for the growth of additional layers on the Al3(Mn, Pd) (010) surface. The adsorption of Cu on the Al13Co4 surface follows also a pseudomorphic growth mode up to one monolayer. The ß-Al(Cu, Co) phase appears for coverages greater than one monolayer. For higher temperature deposition, the ß-phase is followed by the formation of the ?-Al4Cu9 phase. Both ß and ? phases grow as two (110) domains rotated by 72° from each other
Courtois, Hervé. „Supraconductivité de proximité dans les nanostructures métalliques artificielles“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116792.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHervier, Paul. „Fonctionnalisation de surface de verres métalliques base Zirconium“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI088/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetallic glasses are recent materials. First developed in the 60s, they are well-known for their high mechanical resistance and their ability to become viscous at relatively low temperatures. Functionalization of their surfaces is a promising way to further increase their properties. However, their amorphous structure is in a metastable state and maintaining them at too high temperatures leads systematically to their crystallization, and thus the loss of their unique properties. Most of surface treatment techniques are performed at high temperatures and thus are not adapted to these materials. In this work, two innovative techniques which are thermoforming and ultra-short pulse duration laser treatment have been used and allow to texture the surfaces of the alloys by avoiding their crystallization. This thesis is focused on the effect of these two processing techniques on physical and chemical properties of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and thus on the modification of their surface properties such as wettability or corrosion resistance. We will see that both techniques present their advantages and can be particularly adapted for biomedical applications
Wingert, Loïc. „Séparation des particules ultrafines métalliques par lits granulaires“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe air of workplaces and the environment can be contaminated by ultrafine particles (UFP) coming mainly from a non-intentional generation emitted by some industrial processes. The toxicity of these particles being more and more admitted nowadays, the polluted air of the workplaces has to be extracted and filtered in order to protect the workers and the public, respectively. The commonly used filters are pleated fiber filters which are rapidly and sometimes irreversibly clogged by the UFP. In order to find an alternative to these pleated filters, it was decided to study the granular beds. To do so, the clogging kinetic of granular bed by UFP was studied. This was achieved by conducting both macroscopic and microscopic studies of the granular bed clogging consisting in the monitoring of the evolution of the performances and in performing visualizations of UFP deposit structures. Evaluate the ability of granular beds to be an alternative to fiber filters can require the knowledge of the granular bed performances evolution for a large number of configurations. In order to avoid the realization of the corresponding experiments, a theoretical model was developed. Then, this model permitted by a multi-criteria optimization method to find the optimal configuration of an improved granular bed. Finally, some preliminary and very promising tests of a cylindrical granular bed filter permitting to increase the surface filtration and the collection efficiency laid the groundwork of a potential use of granular beds for the industrial UFP filtration