Dissertationen zum Thema „Metal canvas“

The main task of diploma is creating a sacral object and community centre of Salesians in Brno-Líšeň. A construction of the Salesian complex started in 1998. As a result, the whole complex of institution got to the district of Brno-Lisen with the help of the endowment fund for youth. The Congregation focuses on the methods of educating the youth of Don Bosco, the father and teacher of the youth, the first head of the Salesian. The creation of a church is a very desirable step for the Salesian Center, because Masses are currently being celebrated in the existing building in the gym, where not everything is needed to carry out of the event. The church should be developed in the vicinity of Salesian centre and has to be available for a wide range of societies. The architectural project includes the designing of church, parish building and enviroment. The form and view of the complex suit to this environmental area and react on its entire structure. The object consists of two forms, which are connected by the horizontal communication. In the middle of the Salesian complex, there is a semi-open area. The first object is a church with a capacity of approximately 200 hundred visitors, the second object is a parish building, which perform the functions of administration with multifunction space for the exhibitions, aparmtments and offices for its employees.

L'emergence de la notion de framework a marque la programmation par objets ces dernieres annees. Elle formalise sous un nom accrocheur une grande variete de techniques de programmation eprouvees. Dans le vide conceptuel qui a succede au succes du modele classe/instance, les frameworks representent pour beaucoup l'espoir d'un nouveau bond en avant de la technique. En effet l'experience commune aux programmeurs par objets est que le grain de reutilisation n'est plus seulement la classe, mais aussi un systeme de classes reliees par des relations contractuelles un framework. On s'est surtout preoccupe jusqu'ici de la maniere de les construire, voire de les deduire de realisations existantes. Un aspect tres peu etudie est celui de leur utilisation, laquelle est d'autant plus complexe que le framework est plus substantiel. Le present travail propose de faire appel a la technique de meta-modelisation pour arriver a une operationnalisation complete du mode d'emploi d'un framework. Notre contribution a deux aspects: d'une part, la construction d'un systeme de meta-modelisation, appele metagen, au sein duquel nous avons experimente notre proposition, d'autre part, la realisation de trois experiences significatives, permettant, d'une maniere pragmatique, d'evaluer le bien-fonde de notre demarche

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica
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O processo de furação é um dos mais utilizados na indústria manufatureira, responsável por cerca de 30% de todas as operações de usinagem. Estima-se que 60% de todas as aplicações de furação na indústria mecânica referem-se a furos curtos, com uma profundidade de até 2,5 vezes o diâmetro da ferramenta. No entanto, um grande número de operações na indústria exige profundidades de furo maiores que 5 vezes o diâmetro. Esse tipo de operação, denominada furação profunda, normalmente requer o emprego de ferramentas e equipamentos especiais. A furação profunda é um processo que possui um grau de complexidade maior do que a furação convencional, devido às condições críticas de usinagem em que se realiza. Tais condições envolvem a dificuldade da formação e do escoamento do cavaco, o comprimento em balanço da ferramenta, a qualidade da superfície e as tolerâncias geométricas e de forma do furo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal aprofundar a pesquisa sobre o processo de furação profunda com brocas de canais retos em ferro fundido cinzento GG25, visando um melhor entendimento do processo. Os experimentos foram realizados em linha de produção e em laboratório, utilizando brocas de metal-duro integral com canais retos e com orifícios internos de refrigeração. Como grandeza de saída avaliaram-se a rugosidade, a cilindricidade e a circularidade dos furos, bem como o desgaste de flanco das ferramentas, a força de avanço e o momento torçor gerados. Com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho foi possível adquirir um maior conhecimento sobre o processo de furação profunda em ferro fundido cinzento, que permite melhoras na produção de peças em escala industrial.

Interest for business models and business modeling has increased rapidly since the mid-1990‘s and there are numerous approaches used to create business models. The business model concept has many definitions which can lead to confusion and slower progress in the research and development of business models. A business model ontology (BMO) was created in 2004 where the business model concept was conceptualized based on an analysis of existing literature. A few years later the Business Model Canvas (BMC) was published; a popular business modeling approach providing a high-level, semi-formal approach to create and communicate business models. While this approach is easy to use, the informality and high-level approach can cause ambiguity and it has limited computer-aided support available. In order to propose a solution to address this problem and facilitate the development and communication of Business Model Canvas models, two artifacts are created, demonstrated and evaluated; a structured metamodel for the Business Model Canvas and its implementation in an OMG standards-based modeling tool to provide tool support for BMC modeling.This research is carried out following the design science approach where the artifacts are created to better understand and improve the identified problem. The problem and its background are explicated and the planned artifacts and requirements are outlined. The design and development of the artifacts are detailed and the resulting BMC metamodel is presented as a class diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) and implemented to provide tool support for BMC modeling. A demonstration with a business model and an evaluation is performed with expert interviews and informed arguments.The creation of a BMC metamodel exposed some ambiguity in the definition and use of the Business Model Canvas and the importance of graphical presentation and flexibility in the tools used.The evaluation of the resulting artifacts suggests that the artifacts do facilitate the development and communication of the Business Model Canvas models by improving the encapsulation and communication of information in a standardized way and thereby the goals of the research are met.

Objectius Analitzar el patró de riscos psicosocials a la feina i la distribució de les situacions d’ocupació que es defineixen als models demanda-control i demanda-control-suport, dels treballadors assalariats a Espanya entre l’any 2005 i el 2010. Estimar els possibles canvis en les desigualtats en l’exposició als riscos psicosocials l’any 2010, i la diferència amb el 2005, segons els eixos de segregació clàssics del mercat laboral espanyol (gènere, edat i ocupació). Estimar la possible associació entre l’exposició a Exigències psicològiques, Control, Suport social, Inseguretat sobre les condicions laborals, Inseguretat respecte perdre l’ocupació i Inseguretat sobre trobar ocupació i la salut mental de la població assalariada a Espanya l’any 2010 i el canvi respecte el 2005. Mètodes Es comparen dos estudis transversals corresponents a les dues enquestes sobre ”Exposició a factors psicosocials a la feina, precarietat laboral, Doble presència i salut” elaborades per l’Institut sindical del treball, l’ambient i la salut els anys 2005 i 2010. Són dues mostres representatives de la població assalariada a Espanya de 7606 i 5110 treballadors respectivament. Principals resultats L’any 2010 es va produir un augment de l’exposició a alta Doble Presència, alt Ritme de treball i alta Inseguretat sobre trobar una feina; així com una disminució de l’exposició a elevada Inseguretat sobre perdre la feina i Inseguretat sobre les condicions de treball valuoses, i un deteriorament del Suport social de companys i del Suport social de superiors. Es va mantenir l’exposició a baixes Exigències cognitives, baixa Influència i baixes Possibilitats de desenvolupament que s’havia detectat el 2005. Es va produir un augment de la proporció d’exposats a situacions d’alta tensió, vinculat a la intensificació laboral, i a situacions d’exposició a ”iso-tensió”. Tant el 2005 com el 2010 hi havia un gradient per classe ocupacional en l’exposició als riscos psicosocials, de manera que els treballadors manuals eren els més exposats. L’any 2010, hi havia una associació significativa entre l’exposició a altes Exigències, baix Suport social i alta Inseguretat sobre les condicions laborals i la mala salut mental de la població assalariada, tant en homes com en dones, i entre l’exposició a alta Inseguretat sobre perdre l’ocupació i la mala salut mental, en el cas dels homes. Conclusions El deteriorament de l’ambient psicosocial al mercat laboral espanyol que s’ha detectat en aquesta tesi és preocupant des del punt de vista de la Salut pública. Els resultats presentats ressalten la necessitat de millorar l’exposició als riscos psicosocials a la feina a Espanya, per a millorar la salut de la població assalariada i reduir les desigualtats socials en les condicions laborals i, en conseqüència, en la salut.
Aims To analyze the pattern of psychosocial risks at work and of the work situations defined by the models demand-control and demand-control-support, among wage-earners in Spain between 2005 and 2010. To analyze possible changes in exposure inequalities in 2010 compared with 2005 in terms the classic axes of segmentation of the Spanish labor market (gender, age and job category). And to analyze whether there is any association between exposures to Psychological Demands, Control, Social Support, Insecurity over worsening of employment conditions, Insecurity about losing a job and Insecurity about finding a job, and the mental health of the working population in Spain in 2010, and changes with respect to 2005. Methods Two cross-sectional studies corresponding to the Psychosocial Work Environment Survey conducted in 2005 and 2010 in Spain are compared. Both samples are representative of the Spanish working population and the sample sizes are n=7612 and n=5110 respectively. Main results There was an increase in exposure to high Double Presence, low Social Support from colleagues and Social support from supervisors, high Work Pace and high Insecurity about finding a job; and reduction in exposure to high Insecurity about losing a job and to high Insecurity over worsening of employment conditions. There was a stagnation in Influence, Possibilities for Development and Cognitive Demands. A gender- and occupation-related gradient was maintained. There was an increase of situations of exposure to high strain, linked to an intensification of work, and of situations of exposure to ”iso-strain”, with respect to 2005. An occupation-related gradient was maintained, so manual workers are the more exposed. In 2010, there was a significant association between exposure to high Demands, low Social Support and high Insecurity over working conditions, and poor mental health of the working population, both men and women, and between exposure to high Insecurity over losing a job and poor mental health in the case of men. Conclusions The deterioration of the psychosocial environment in the Spanish labor market presented in this article is worrying from a public health point of view. These results highlight the need to improve the exposure to psychosocial risks at work in Spain, in order to improve the health of the working population and reduce social inequalities in job conditions and, in consequence, in health.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica
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A furação, com o uso de brocas helicoidais ou de canais retos, é uma das maiores operações em tempo efetivo de corte na usinagem de um bloco de motor, possuindo assim grande influência sobre os custos de ferramentas de corte deste produto. Estes custos têm o seu valor dobrado se considerada a aplicação do ferro fundido vermicular como material alternativo ao ferro fundido cinzento na construção de blocos de motor. Isto ocorre porque o ferro fundido vermicular possui menor usinabilidade do que o ferro fundido cinzento, o que reduz a vida da ferramenta de usinagem em até 60%, no caso da furação. Este trabalho objetiva estudar a furação de ferro fundido vermicular com brocas de canal reto em metal-duro, revestidas por TiAlN de única camada e de várias camadas de espessuras nanométricas, e por TiN em uma das fases da pesquisa. Porém, conforme já previsto e relatado na literatura, este revestimento apresentou a pior resistência aos mecanismos de desgaste em relação aos revestimentos TiAlN, sendo descartada a análise do seu comportamento na continuidade das pesquisas. Este estudo focou o comportamento das brocas com canais retos, revestidas, em relação ao seu desgaste, erros de forma dos furos obtidos (circularidade e retilineidade), rugosidades produzidas, forças de avanço e momentos torçores. Foram realizadas análises por EDS de elementos químicos presentes em regiões distintas da ferramenta, em busca do entendimento do comportamento dos revestimentos ante os mecanismos de desgaste presentes. Para isto, foram escolhidas as velocidades de corte de 80 e 150 m/min sob avanço único. Esta pesquisa serviu como base para especificações de revestimentos adequados para brocas na furação de blocos em vermicular, através dos quais se obteve redução de custos de 25% aproximadamente neste tipo de processo. Drilling using helical or straight flute drills is one of the largest cylinder block machining operations in terms of cutting real time, pushing strongly the product unity cutting tools costs. The usage of CGI as material alternative for gray iron may double the costs due to its better mechanical properties, which may raise the rate power to weight under increased combustion pressure as ancillary to attend the demand emissions laws. In other words CGI owns poor machinability when compared to gray iron, which reduces the machining tool life up to 60% at drilling side. This research aimed the study of CGI drilling using carbide straight flutes drills, being one group of them coated by one layer and the other one with several nanometric layers thick of TiAlN. Also TiN coated drills belonged to the same batch were tested in the beginning of this study, but as per envisioned their performance did not achieve the TiAlN level, so that TiN coated drills were not considered at this research afterwards. This study focused the behavior of coated straight flute drills in terms of wear, holes form error regarding roundness and straightness, roughness, cutting forces, torsion moment and the understanding of coating behaviors against the wearing mechanisms through EDS analysis of chemical elements present on drills different areas. For this, the cutting speeds of 80 and 150 m/min were chosen under one feed rate. This research was also the basis for afterwards drills coating specification at drilling of cylinder blocks in CGI resulting in machining costs reduction of around 25% at this kind of process.

Els efectes del canvi climàtic incideixen directament en les poblacions de microorganismes fotòtrofs dels tapissos microbians, produint alteracions en altres paràmetres ambientals com és l’increment de la temperatura, que pot provocar sequeres i fins i tot la desertització d’aquests ecosistemes, així com altres efectes en l’osmolaritat de les cèl·lules, degut a l’augment de la salinitat. Els microorganismes esmentats són molt abundants en els tapissos microbians, principalment els cianobacteris i les microalgues, que a més de ser els principals estabilitzadors d’aquests ecosistemes, al mateix temps es troben exposats a diferents condicions d’estrès. La majoria dels estudis que es realitzen per valorar l’impacte que tenen sobre els microorganismes condicions ambientals tan variables utilitzen cultius axènics que provenen de microorganismes aïllats de l’ambient natural o bé de col·leccions de cultius; res més lluny de la realitat, ja que en els ambients naturals els microorganismes fotòtrofs estableixen associacions estables amb microorganismes heteròtrofs i, a vegades, amb altres fotòtrofs. A més, hi ha pocs estudis que analitzin, en aquestes condicions i a nivell individual, els efectes dels paràmetres ambientals o de la pol·lució per metalls en aquestes associacions. La manca de metodologies que poden aplicar-se per esbrinar aquests efectes en un microorganisme en concret, quan està associat amb un altre de manera selectiva, in vivo, de manera ràpida i sense l’ús de cap tipus de tinció, és, per tant, un repte a la hora d’analitzar les possibilitats que tenen aquests microorganismes enfront a canvis tan dràstics. En aquest treball, s’ha intentat solucionar aquesta problemàtica mitjançant l’optimització de diferents tècniques que tenen com a base el microscopi làser confocal, considerant la principal característica dels cianobacteris i les microalgues, que és la d’emetre fluorescència natural. La clorofil·la a és el pigment majoritari d’aquests microorganismes i s’ha utilitzat amb anterioritat com a bioindicador, especialment en estudis realitzats en metalls per altres membre del grup. Així mateix, una problemàtica important és esbrinar el paper que juguen aquests microorganismes en la resistència davant canvis sobtats de les condicions naturals o antropogèniques. En aquest sentit, també s’ha accentuat l’interès en les anomenades cèl·lules dorments i en l’estudi de cèl·lules viables i no viables. Per aquest motiu, en aquest treball s’ha posat a punt una nova metodologia que utilitza el microscopi làser confocal i dos làsers específics i que ha permès determinar el percentatge d’aquestes cèl·lules en mostres exposades a diferents condicions d’estrès. Els microscopis electrònics de rastreig i transmissió, ambdós acoblats a un detector d’energia dispersiva de raigs X, juntament amb el microscopi de transmissió de raig X del sincrotró ALBA, s’han aplicat en mostres sotmeses a varis factors d’estrès per avaluar els canvis morfològics en cèl·lules senceres i en seccions ultrafines, així com en estudis de captació de metalls extra- i intracel·lularment. Els objectius del present treball s’han centrat en l’aplicació combinada de totes aquestes metodologies en dos consorcis de microorganismes: Scenedesmus sp. DE2009 i Geitlerinema sp. DE2011. L’efecte de la llum i la salinitat (com a paràmetres ambientals), així com l’impacte del plom, coure i crom (com a contaminants), s’ha estudiat àmpliament en cèl·lules individuals d’ambdós microorganismes. Finalment, aquesta tesi està estructurada en diferents capítols. El Capítol 3 correspon amb els articles publicats (un d’ells en revisió); així doncs, els resultats obtinguts de les investigacions realitzades s’exposen en les Seccions 3.1, 3.2 i 3.3 i es discuteixen globalment en el Capítol 4.
Los efectos del cambio climático inciden directamente en las poblaciones de microorganismos fototróficos de los tapices microbianos, produciendo alteraciones en otros parámetros ambientales como es el incremento de la temperatura, que puede provocar sequías y hasta la desertización de estos ecosistemas, así como otros efectos en la osmolaridad de las células, debido al aumento de la salinidad. Dichos microorganismos son muy abundantes en los tapices microbianos, principalmente las cianobacterias y las microalgas, que además de ser los principales estabilizadores de estos ecosistemas, a veces se encuentran expuestos a diferentes condiciones de estrés. La mayoría de los estudios, que se realizan para valorar los efectos que tienen sobre los microorganismos condiciones ambientales tan variables, utilizan cultivos axénicos que provienen de microorganismos aislados del ambiente natural o bien de colecciones de cultivos; nada más lejos de la realidad, ya que en los ambientes naturales los microorganismos fototróficos establecen asociaciones estables con microorganismos heterotróficos y, a veces, con otros fototróficos. Además, hay pocos estudios que analicen, en estas condiciones y a nivel individual, los efectos de los parámetros ambientales o de la contaminación por metales en estas asociaciones. La falta de metodologías que pueden aplicarse para averiguar estos efectos en un microorganismo en concreto, cuando está asociado con otro de manera selectiva, in vivo, de manera rápida y sin el uso de ningún tipo de tinción, es, por tanto, un reto a la hora de analizar las posibilidades que tienen estos microorganismos frente a cambios tan drásticos. En este trabajo, se ha intentado solucionar dicha problemática mediante la optimización de distintas técnicas que tienen como base el microscopio láser confocal, considerando la característica principal de las cianobacterias y las microalgas, que es la de emitir fluorescencia natural. La clorofila a es el pigmento mayoritario de estos microorganismos y se ha utilizado con anterioridad como bioindicador, especialmente en estudios realizados en metales por otros miembros del grupo. Asimismo, una problemática importante es valorar el papel que juegan estos microorganismos en la resistencia ante cambios repentinos de las condiciones naturales o antropogénicas. En este sentido, también se ha incrementado el interés por las denominadas células durmientes y en el estudio de células viables y no viables. Por este motivo, en este trabajo se ha puesto a punto una nueva metodología que utiliza el microscopio láser confocal y dos láseres específicos y que ha permitido determinar el porcentaje de estas células en muestras expuestas a diferentes condiciones de estrés. Los microscopios electrónicos de rastreo y transmisión, ambos acoplados a un detector de energía dispersiva de rayos X, junto con el microscopio de transmisión de rayos X del sincrotrón ALBA, se han aplicado en muestras expuestas a varios factores de estrés para evaluar los cambios morfológicos en células enteras y en secciones ultrafinas, así como para los estudios de captación de metales extra- e intracelularmente. Los objetivos de este trabajo se han centrado en la aplicación combinada de todas estas metodologías en dos consorcios de microorganismos: Scenedesmus sp. DE2009 y Geitlerinema sp. DE2011. El efecto de la luz y la salinidad (como parámetros ambientales), así como el impacto de metales como plomo, cobre y cromo (como contaminantes), se ha estudiado ampliamente en células individuales de ambos microorganismos. Finalmente, esta tesis está estructurada en distintos capítulos. El Capítulo 3 corresponde con los artículos publicados (uno de ellos en revisión); así pues, los resultados obtenidos de las investigaciones realizadas se exponen en las Secciones 3.1, 3.2 y 3.3 y se discuten globalmente en el Capítulo 4.
The effects of climate change directly affect the populations of phototrophic microorganisms in microbial mats, causing alterations in other environmental parameters such as the increase in temperature. This in turn causes drought and sometimes the desertification of these ecosystems, as well as affecting the osmolarity of cells due to the increase in salinity. The microorganisms referred to are highly abundant in microbial mats; principally, they are cyanobacteria and microalgae, which, apart from being the main stabilisers of these ecosystems, are exposed to distinct stress conditions at the same time. Most studies carried out to assess the impact on microorganisms of such variable environmental conditions use axenic cultures that come from microorganisms isolated from the natural environment or else from culture collections. Nothing could be further from reality, since—in natural environments—phototrophic microorganisms establish stable associations with heterotrophic bacteria and, at times, with other phototrophs. In addition, very few studies analyse (in these conditions and at individual level) the effects of environmental parameters or of metal pollution in these associations. The lack of methodologies that can be applied to ascertain these effects in a specific microorganism, when this is selectively associated with another, in vivo, swiftly and without using any type of staining, is therefore a challenge in analysing the possibilities of these microorganisms when facing such drastic changes. In the current work, an attempt has been made to solve this problem by means of the optimisation of distinct techniques, based on confocal laser microscopy and centring on the main characteristic of cyanobacteria and microalgae, which is the emission of natural fluorescence. Chlorophyll a is the majority pigment in these microorganisms and has previously been used as a bioindicator, in studies carried out with metals by other members of the group. Determining the role played by these microorganisms in the resistance to sudden changes in natural or anthropogenic conditions is a further, and important, issue. In addition, in this respect, the interest in dormant cells and in the study of viable and non-viable cells has increased. For this reason, a new methodology has been developed in this work; using a confocal laser microscope and two specific lasers, this has allowed us to ascertain the percentage of these cells in samples exposed to distinct stress conditions. The electronic scanning and transmission microscopes, both coupled to an X-ray dispersive energy detector, jointly with the X-ray transmission microscope from the ALBA synchrotron, have been used in samples prepared to evaluate morphological changes due to stress factors both in complete cells and in ultrafine sections, as well as in studies of extra- and intracellular metal extraction. The objectives of this work centre on the combined application of all these methodologies on two consortia of microorganisms: Scenedesmus sp. DE2009 and Geitlerinema sp. DE2011. The effect of light and salinity (as environmental parameters), in addition to the impact of lead, copper and chromium (as pollutants) was studied extensively in individual cells for both microorganisms. Finally, this thesis is organised into distinct chapters. The Chapter 3 correspond to the articles that have already been published (one of them currently under review); thus, the results obtained from the research carried out are therefore presented in Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 and are discussed globally in Chapter 4.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O Modificador da Resposta Imune Canova® (CA) é um medicamento homeopático indicado para pacientes com sistema imune deprimido, uma vez que este medicamento parece aumentar a imunidade inata e induzir uma resposta imune contra várias e severas condições patológicas, incluindo as neoplasias. Esse aumento da imunidade inata é devido a sua atuação na proliferação e na diferenciação de células hematopoéticas e na indução a diferenciação mononuclear em células da medula óssea. O composto químico N-Metil N-Nitrosuréia (MNU) é um poderoso agente carcinogênico alquilante capaz de ocasionar mutações pontuais, aberrações cromossômicas ou ainda metilação do DNA, que induzem o desequilíbrio no sistema de defesa da célula e, assim, interrompendo mecanismos relacionados a metabolismo celular. Este composto tem sido amplamente utilizado na indução de tumores de fins experimentais. Objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar o padrão de resposta celular hematopoiética em primatas da espécie Cebus apella expostos ao carcinógeno N-Metil-N-Nitrosuréia (MNU) e submetidos ao tratamento com o Modificador da Resposta Imune Canova®, através da análise de parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, imunes e do ciclo celular. Foram utilizados 13 (treze) animais adultos, da espécie Cebus apella divididos em cinco grupos principais: o controle (negativo e positivo) e o experimental (composto por três subgrupos). O primeiro grupo experimental recebeu o MNU durante trinta e cinco dias, o segundo recebeu o tratamento com o Canova durante três dias, e o terceiro recebeu o MNU durante 35 dias e ao final desse período recebeu tratamento com o Canova durante três dias. A avaliação da reposta celular imune foi através de imunufenotipagem (CD4, CD8, CD3, T, B, NK) e do hemograma completo, a função hepática e renal através análise bioquímica (ALT, AST, GGT, ureia e creatinina) e a avaliação da cinética do ciclo celular por citometria de fluxo. Na análise dos parâmetros hematológicos os valores de hematócrito, hemácias e hemoglobina dos grupos controle positivo apresentaram-se significativamente menores, quando comparados aos grupos controle negativo, demonstrando um quadro de anemia, já o aumento de células da linhagem branca nesses grupos provavelmente é devido à resposta inflamatória do animal frente ao provável processo neoplásico. O aumento dos leucócitos também foi observado nos grupos experimentais tratados com o CA, fato este explicado pela ação do medicamento, que atua como um modificador da resposta imune. Apesar de já ter sido relatado que CA pode atuar aumentando o número de neutrófilos, no presente estudo não observamos esta ação do medicamento, provavelmente pelo curto período de tempo do tratamento. Os monócitos apresentaram-se diminuído no grupo tratado com o MNU e aumentado nos grupos que receberam CA provavelmente pelo medicamento atuar na ativação de macrófagos via estimulação da de monócitos. Na análise bioquímica, a uréia e a creatinina apresentaram-se alteradas nos grupos que receberam o MNU de forma aguda, estas alterações, bem como as encontradas na análise de enzimas hepáticas, podem ser associadas com os sintomas típicos da intoxicação por drogas carcinogênicas. Na análise da cinética do ciclo celular os animais tratados com CA, houve um aumento significativo de células nas fases G0-G1 bem como a porcentagem de células em estágio de proliferação celular (fases G2-M). Concluímos que CA minimizou a toxicidade do MNU em certos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, podemos observar a sua habilidade parcialmente modificadora da resposta imune, por aumentar a contagem de leucócitos, porém sem alterar o padrão de marcadores imunológicos. Desta forma CA então é capaz de restaurar alguns componentes do sistema hematopoiético, e pode atuar como adjuvante em tratamentos de quimioterapia.
The Immune response modifier Canova® (CA) is a homeopathic drug indicated for patients with a depressed immune system, once this medicine appears to increase the innate immunity and induce an immune response against multiple and severe pathological conditions, including Neoplasms. This increase of innate immunity is due to its involvement in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and mononuclear differentiation induction in bone marrow cells. The chemical compound N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) is a alkylating agent powerful carcinogenic able to cause mutations, chromosomal aberrations and DNA methylation, that induce the imbalance in the defense system of the cell and thus stop mechanisms related to cellular metabolism. This compound has been widely used in the induction of experimental tumors. The goal of this work is to assess the pattern of hematopoietic cell response in Cebus apella primate species exposed to carcinogenic N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) and subjected to the treatment with the Immune response modifier Canova®, through the analysis of biochemical, haematological, immune and cell cycle. We had used 13 (thirteen) adult animals of the species Cebus apella divided into five main groups: the control (negative and positive) and experimental (composed of three subgroups). The first experimental group received the MNU during thirty-five days, the second received treatment with Canova during three days, and the third received the MNU during 35 days and the end of this period received treatment with Canova during three days. Evaluation of cellular immune response was through immunophenotyping (CD3, CD4, CD8, T, B, NK) and complete blood count, liver and kidney function through biochemical analysis (ALT, AST, GGT, urea and creatinine) and kinetic evaluation of cell cycle by flow cytometry. Analysis of haematological values of hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells of positive control groups performed significantly lower when compared to the negative control groups, demonstrating an anemia, while the increased white lineage cells in these groups is probably due to the animal's inflammatory response to neoplastic process. The increase of leukocytes has also been observed in experimental groups treated with the CA, a fact explained by the action of this drug, which acts as a modifier of immune response. Although it has been reported that CA can act by increasing the number of neutrophils, in this study we did not observe this action of the medicinal product, probably by the short time of treatment. Monocytes were decreased in the group treated with MNU and risen in groups that received CA probably by drug act in the activation of macrophages via stimulation of monocytes. In biochemical analysis, urea and creatinine were changed in the groups that received the MNU acutely, these changes, as well as those found in the analysis of liver enzymes, can be associated with typical symptoms of poisoning by carcinogenic drugs. Analysis of cell cycle kinetics of animals treated with CA, there had been a significant increase in cell G0-G1 as well as the percentage of cells in cellular proliferation stage (stageG2-M). We found that CA had minimized the toxicity of the MNU in certain haematological and biochemical, we had observed their partially skill to modify immune response, as improve white blood cell count, but without changing the pattern of immunological markers. Then CA is able to restore some hematopoietic system components and can act as an adjuvant in chemotherapy treatments.

La depressió s’associa a múltiples alteracions biològiques. En aquesta tesi s’analitza les alteracions que es presenten en els pacients depressius respecte als subjectes controls i els canvis que s’observen durant el tractament amb un inhibidor de la recaptació de la serotonina (ISRS). S’ha proposat que els pacients amb depressió presentarien uns nivells de neurotrofines perifèriques inferiors als subjectes sans el que indicaria una disminució de la neuroplasticitat cerebral que es corregiria amb el tractament antidepressiu. Una altra alteració observada en els pacients depressius és la major activació plaquetària i les alteracions en els paràmetres hemostàtics. Aquestes alteracions podrien explicar la predisposició als esdeveniments cardiovasculars en pacients depressius. Els estudis avaluen els nivells de BDNF en plasma i en plaquetes en pacients amb depressió sense tractament respecte al controls sans i valorar els canvis observat en els nivells de BDNF en les diferents fases (8 i 24 setmanes) del tractament amb escitalopram. També es avaluar la funcions adhesives, cohesives i procoagulants plaquetàries en els pacients amb trastorn depressiu major i en les diferents fases del tractament amb ISRSs i comparat amb subjectes sans. Els resultats dels estudis presentats a la tesi mostren que els pacients amb depressió major abans del tractament presenten nivells de BDNF en plaquetes inferiors i nivells en plasma pobre en plaquetes superiors als controls sans. El tractament amb un ISRS (escitalopram) modifica els nivells de BDNF tendint als paràmetres similars als controls, però a les 8 setmanes de tractament solament s’observa un increment significatiu del BDNF plaquetari, aconseguint-se nivells similars als controls, pel que s’ha suposat que el BDNF plaquetari podria ser un marcador de resposta al tractament en fases inicials. A les 24 setmanes de tractament els nivells de BDNF plaquetari i plasmàtic no mostren diferències respecte als controls. També es va observar una correlació negativa entre les nivells de BDNF plaquetari i plasmàtic. Respecte als paràmetres de l’hemostàsia s’observa que els pacients depressius sense tractament presenten un endofenotip protrombòtic amb un increment significatiu del volum de les plaquetes, un increment dels paràmetres d’activació plaquetària, un increment de la fermesa del coàgul, un increment de l’activitat del factor tissular associat a plaquetes, un increment de la formació fibrina i trombina quan s’exposa a una superfície trombogènica en condicions de flux i un increment de l’agregació de les plaquetes en resposta a àcid araquidònic. El tractament amb ISRS normalitza de forma ràpida i eficaç aquests paràmetres, excepte que s’observa un increment de GPIIbIIIa i no es modifiquen les propietats viscoelàstiques dels trombes formats en condicions de cisalla reduïda. Els resultats observats sobre la coagulació amb el tractament amb ISRS podria explicar el major risc de sagnat en els pacients que reben tractament amb aquest grup d’antidepressius. En la discussió es valoren els resultats respecte a estudis previs, alhora que s’analitza la utilitat actual del BDNF com a marcador biològic de depressió a nivell perifèric, la relació entre el BDNF plaquetari i l’activació plaquetària i la possible relació entre BDNF i malaltia cardiovascular. També s’analitza la relació entre depressió i malaltia cardiovascular i els canvis observats amb el tractament amb ISRSs.
Depression is associated with multiple biological alterations. It has been proposed that patients with depression show lower levels of peripheral neurotrophin than healthy subjects, indicating a decrease in brain neuroplasticity and these levels are corrected with antidepressant treatment. Another alteration observed in depressive patients is increased platelet activation and alterations in the hemostatic parameters. These alterations could explain the predisposition to cardiovascular events in depressive patients. These studies evaluate the levels of BDNF in plasma and platelets in patients with untreated depression compared to healthy controls and assess the changes observed in the levels of BDNF in the different stages of treatment with escitalopram (8 to 24 weeks). Also evaluate adhesive, cohesive and procoagulant platelet functions in patients with major depressive disorder and at different stages of treatment with SSRIs and compared with healthy subjects. The study results show that patients with depression before treatment have lower levels of BDNF in platelets and higher plasma levels compared to healthy controls. Treatment with SSRIs (escitalopram) modifies BDNF levels tending to parameters similar to controls, but at 8 weeks of treatment, platelet BDNF achieving levels similar to controls. So, platelet BDNF could be a marker of response to treatment in early stages. At 24 weeks of treatment the levels of platelet and plasma BDNF showed no differences from controls. Also it has been observed a negative correlation between the levels of platelet and plasma BDNF. Regarding the parameters of hemostasis is observed that untreated depressed patients exhibit a prothrombotic endophenotypes with a significant increase platelet volume, platelet activation parameters, clot firmness, tissue factor activity associated with platelets, an increase in thrombin and fibrin formation when exposed to a thrombogenic surface under flow conditions and increased platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid. SSRI treatment normalizes quickly and effectively these parameters, but persist an increase in GPIIbIIIa and alterations in thromboelastometric parameters. The results observed on coagulation treatment with SSRIs could explain the increased risk of bleeding in these patients. In discussing, the results are compared with previous studies. The usefulness of current BDNF in peripheral levels as a biological marker of depression, the relationship between platelet activation and BDNF and the possible relationship between BDNF and cardiovascular disease are discussed. We also analyze the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease and the changes observed with SSRI treatment.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulov

Aberrant inferior alveolar nerve canals (IANC) and mental foramina (MF) have been well documented and can have significant implications if injured during invasive procedures of the human mandible. Geographical and ethnic differences have been observed in the occurrence of these variations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the pattern of occurrence of double IANC and MF among a sample of patients attending a dental clinic in Kenya through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image analysis. The occurrence, location, configuration and morphometric measurements of double inferior alveolar canals and mental foramina were recorded in a data extraction form (Appendix 1). Data was captured in a Microsoft Excel 2010 data sheet. With the use of Bayesian statistics, exploratory and inferential data analysis was done in R (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria) software version 3.1.2. The results were presented as posterior distributions of means and mean differences including standard deviations (SD), Credible Intervals (CrI) and effect sizes (ES). In all outputs, the 95% most credible values (CrI) were shown as a High-Density Interval (HDI) in the respective histograms. Gender and side differences were rated. A total of 800 images were included in the present study of 347(43.38%) male and 453(56.62%) female patients. The mean age was 39.18 years+12 SD while median age was 39 years (range: 19 to 67 years). Double IANC were observed in 26 (3.25%) of the 800 images (29 of 1600 sides, 1.81%). The most frequently encountered type of double IANC was type 1 (23 / 29, 79.31%), followed by type 3 (4 /29, 13.79%) and then type 2 (2 / 29, 6.9%). The double IANC were more in the angle region than at the body area of the mandible. The mean diameter and length of the double IANC were 1.57+0.41mm (95% CrI: 1.40, 1.73) and 13.10 +3.45mm (95% CrI:11.60, 14.5) respectively. In total, 21 double MF were found in 19(2.4%) patients, with 11 being posterior, seven anterior and three superior to the main mental foramen (MF). The mean diameter of double MF was 1.27 [95% CrI: 1.05, 1.47] mm with a standard deviation of +0.41mm. The mean distance between double MF and the main MF was 4.69mm [95% CrI: 3.47, 5.59] with a standard deviation of 2.26mm. Based on the findings reported in this study, the rate of occurrence of double IANC and double MF was typically low in the study population. The diameter of the main MF was always smaller than that of the side without the double MF. This was not the case with the IANC. There was also no gender predilection elicited in any of these occurrences. CBCT imaging is recommended as it has better resolution to enable detailed analysis of structures that are less than a millimeter in diameter. Ensuring a safe distance of 9 mm from the walls of the main MF would greatly reduce the risk of injury to the neurovascular contents of the double MF in case CBCT imaging is not available.
Dissertation (MSc Dentistry)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Community Dentistry
MSc Dentistry
Unrestricted

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the credibility of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) by means of transmission channels used in the economy, through the BCB monetary policy variables such as GDP, Selic, Exchange, consumer credit, credit private. To reach the goal, we analyzed the credibility indices with averages - 0.776; 0.2124; 0.6635 respectively of ICS, ICS * and ICNMB. The cointegration test, unit root and the Granger causality test were performed to estimate the VAR models of each index. It is possible to observe in the unit root test that there are 3 cases in which the indices used are stationary. The Granger Causality test presents, with a 5% significance test (from 1.96), that the ICSA credibility index has an influence on consumer credit (2.26) and on private credit (1,967), while that the ICSB index only has an influence on the exchange rate (1.98) and the ICNMB index has only an influence on the exchange rate (2,13) and the Cointegration test at the same level of significance revealed that the variables are integrated in 4 levels of integration among the 7 possible variables. The analysis of the Impulse - Response function offers in the first index the relatively positive effects / impacts for the economy as it leverages credit and the exchange rate, while the interest rate of the economy is revised downwards. In other words, the monetary policy of the Central Bank is able not only to pass tranquility by market, but also to control inflation with a sustainable economic activity in the first quarter. In the second index, the effect is negative because three of the five variables observed present results that are not adequate for the economy. The economic activity seems to be receiving and with little or almost no access to credit for investment and consumption. And finally, the third index of credibility allows to say that it exceeds the variable of the GDP, this index presents better effects in the transmission variables of monetary policy in relation to the two index because its effects have an impact in the long term.
O presente trabalho de disserta??o tem como proposta investigar a credibilidade do Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) por meio de canais de transmiss?o utilizados na economia atrav?s das vari?veis de pol?ticas monet?rias do BCB como PIB, Selic, c?mbio, cr?dito ao consumidor e cr?dito privado. Para atingir esse objetivo, analisamos os ?ndices de credibilidade com m?dias de -0,776 do ICS, 0,2124 do ICS* e 0,6635 e ICNMB. Foram efetuados os testes de Cointegra??o, Raiz Unit?ria e o de Causalidade de GRANGER para estima??o dos modelos VAR de cada ?ndice. Foi poss?vel observar no teste de Raiz Unit?ria que existem tr?s casos nos quais os ?ndices usados s?o estacion?rios. O teste de Causalidade Granger nos mostra, com teste t a 5% de signific?ncia (a partir de 1,96), que o ?ndice de credibilidade ICSA tem influ?ncia no cr?dito do consumidor (2,26) e no cr?dito privado (1,967), enquanto o ?ndice ICSB tem influ?ncia na taxa de c?mbio (1,98) e o ?ndice ICNMB tem influ?ncia somente na taxa de c?mbio (2,13). No entanto, o teste de cointegra??o de mesmo n?vel de signific?ncia revelou que as vari?veis s?o associadas a quatro n?veis de integra??o entre as sete vari?veis poss?veis. No primeiro ?ndice, ao analisar a fun??o Impulso-Resposta, percebemos os efeitos/impactos relativamente positivos para a economia, pois alavanca o cr?dito e o c?mbio, enquanto o juro da economia ? revisto para baixo, ou seja, a pol?tica monet?ria do Banco Central consegue n?o s? passar tranquilidade ao mercado, mas tamb?m controlar a infla??o com uma atividade econ?mica sustent?vel no primeiro trimestre. No segundo ?ndice o efeito ? negativo, pois tr?s das cinco vari?veis observadas apresentam resultados n?o adequados ? economia. A atividade econ?mica parece estar numa recess?o e com pouco, ou quase nada, acesso ao cr?dito para investimento e consumo. E, finalmente, o terceiro ?ndice de credibilidade permite dizer que, exceto a vari?vel do PIB, esse ?ndice apresenta melhores efeitos nas vari?veis de transmiss?o de pol?tica monet?ria em rela??o aos dois ?ndices, uma vez que seus efeitos t?m um impacto no longo prazo.

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Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas
This is a qualitative exploratory research, with the objective of describing elements that are present in the experience of singing, through the eyes of psychology. A theoretical background on singing and music is presented, with an emphasis on mental health and clinical psychology. Six adults, of both sexes and with varied ages, professions, education and interests, were interviewed about important moments they had in relation to singing. The research steps were taken according to the heuristic method, elaborated by Clark Moustakas, with emphasis on the meanings experienced by the subjects, who were called co-researchers in this study, so as to understand the elements present in their experience. The data analysis is presented in the form of descriptions of the experience of singing in relation to each coresearcher and to the group as a whole; a portrait was drawn of two co-reseachers, chosen as the ones who best represented the experience of the group of co-researchers. The data analysis ends with a creative synthesis. The experience of singing was revealed as a natural human activity that evolves as part of one s individual history, with various physical, emotional, social and spiritual effects. Singing showed itself as an experience wich is both individual, personal and ecological, social, shared; an expression of mental health and personal integration. While being perfected, singing can serve as a means of contacting and developing
Resumo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de tipo explorat?ria que visa descrever elementos presentes na viv?ncia de cantar, considerada do ponto de vista psicol?gico. Apresenta um embasamento te?rico sobre m?sica e cantar, com ?nfase numa perspectiva de sa?de mental e psicologia cl?nica. Foram colhidos os depoimentos de seis adultos, de ambos os sexos e com idades, atividades profissionais, escolaridade e interesses variados, sobre situa??es marcantes vivenciadas em rela??o a experi?ncia de cantar. Os passos da pesquisa foram elaborados de acordo com o m?todo heur?stico, desenvolvido por Clark Moustakas, dando import?ncia para os significados vividos pelos sujeitos, chamados neste estudo de "co-pesquisadores", de forma a apreender os elementos presentes nas suas experi?ncias. A an?lise dos dados ? apresentada sob a forma de descri??es da experi?ncia de cantar em rela??o a cada co-pesquisador e ao grupo como um todo; posteriormente, elaborou-se o retrato de dois dos participantes, escolhidos como aqueles que melhor representavam as viv?ncias deste grupo de co-pesquisadores. Finalmente, comp?s-se uma s?ntese criativa. A experi?ncia de cantar revelou-se como uma atividade humana natural, com desenvolvimento ?nico, original em cada pessoa, com efeitos f?sicos, emocionais, sociais e espirituais. Mostrou-se tamb?m como uma experi?ncia pessoal, individual e, ao mesmo tempo, ecol?gica, social ou compartilhada; uma atividade que promove a sa?de mental e integra??o das pessoas; o seu aperfei?oamento pode servir como um meio de entrar em contato e desenvolver um conhecimento a respeito de m?sica e de si mesmo. Al?m disso observou-se diferentes n?veis de envolvimento ao cantar.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2007
Bibliografia: f. [89]-93
A utilização do ferro fundido vermicular, também conhecido como compated graphite iron (CG), vem se destacando na indústria automobilística mundial principalmente na fabricação de blocos e cabeçotes de motores a diesel para veículos leves. Isto se deve ao
Compacted graphite iron (CGI) has been an increasing demand by the automoile industry. Its widespread use is due to emissions legislation and the requiement for higher performance from smaller diesel engines. CGI shows itself as an ideal material to repla

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O Método CANOVA® (CA) é um imunomodulador brasileiro de formulação homeopática. CA é indicado em condições clínicas nas quais o sistema imune se encontre comprometido. O N-Metil-N-Nitrosoureia (NMU) é um agente N-nitroso alquilante e carcinogênico utilizado como modelo experimental em roedores e macacos. O NMU também apresenta efeitos genotóxicos/mutagênicos analisáveis por testes clássicos de detecção de danos ao DNA e aberrações cromossômicas. Apesar de vários estudos terem demonstrado resultados promissores na utilização do medicamento CA, não existem trabalhos relatando possíveis efeitos antigenotóxicos deste medicamento, a despeito de seu potencial anticarcinogênico. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou in vitro os efeitos antigenotóxicos e anticitotóxicos do medicamento CA em linfócitos humanos expostos ao NMU. Foram utilizadas amostras de linfócitos humanos que foram submetidos a diferentes concentrações de uma mistura contendo CA e NMU. A viabilidade das células expostas ao NMU foi avaliada pelo ensaio MTT, a genotoxicidade/antigenotoxicidade do CA foi avaliada pelo teste do cometa e a anticitotoxicidade do CA foi verificada pela quantificação de apoptose e necrose utilizando corantes fluorescentes (laranja de acridina/brometo de etídeo). No teste MTT verificamos que o NMU conseguiu diminuir a viabilidade dos linfócitos de forma significativa. No teste do cometa foi observado que CA diminui significativamente os danos ao DNA induzidos pelo NMU, caracterizando um claro efeito antigenotóxico do composto homeopático. CA também diminuiu de forma significativa a frequência de apoptose induzida pelo NMU em leitura realizada após 24 horas de tratamento. Concluímos que o CA apresentou um efeito antigenotóxico e anticitotóxico nas condições avaliadas no presente estudo, demonstrando, assim, um claro potencial citoprotetor.
The CANOVA® (CA) method is a Brazilian homeopathic immunomodulator. CA is indicated in clinical conditions where the immune system is impaired. N-Methyl-Nnitrosourea (NMU) is an N-nitroso carcinogenic alkylating agent used as an experimental model in rodents and monkeys. NMU also shows genotoxic/mutagenic effects that can be assessed by classical tests such as detection of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Although several studies have shown promising results in the use of CA, there are no studies reporting possible antigenotoxic effects of this medicine, despite its anticancer potential. Therefore, the present study evaluated the in vitro antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of CA in human lymphocytes exposed to NMU. Samples of human lymphocytes that were subjected to different concentrations of a mixture containing CA and NMU were used in the present study. The viability of cells exposed to NMU was evaluated by MTT assay, CA genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity was evaluated by the comet assay and CA anticytotoxicity was assessed by quantification of apoptosis and necrosis using fluorescent dyes (acridine orange/ethidium bromide). The MTT assay showed that NMU was able to decrease lymphocyte viability significantly. By using the comet assay it was observed that CA significantly reduces DNA damage induced by NMU, which sets a clear antigenotoxic effect of the homeopathic compound. CA also reduced significantly the frequency of NMU-induced apoptosis after 24 hours of treatment. We conclude that CA had an antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effect in the conditions evaluated in this study, thereby demonstrating a clear cytoprotective potential.

The disruptive effect of technology on business models and consumers’ behaviors has paved the way for revamping the retail industry. Conscious that brick-and-mortar channels are no longer sufficient to thrive in a hyper-connect and competitive marketplace, retailers are increasingly digitalizing their businesses by developing omnichannel strategies designed to target consumers throughout multiple decision-making journey touchpoints. For high-involvement product categories where meaningful sensorial product experiences are highly valued, the successful expansion to e-commerce platforms presents a challenge due to the channels’ inability to provide sensorial experiences. The present dissertation aims to assess the effects of Augmented Reality (AR) technology as a strategy to simulate sensorial experiences in online retail environments contributing to deliver an enhanced service experience and to generate purchase intentions within the make-up industry. The research study conducted to assess the impact of AR on the industry’s digitalization and its competitive advantage compared to the 2D product display strategy currently implemented by most retailers, illustrated a significant effect of AR on consumers’ intentions to purchase make-up products in online retail channels. Thus, indicating the technology implementation's adequacy to surpass the online channels' sensorial (visual and touch) limitations. The significant effect of AR on service experience dimensions (hedonic and utilitarian value) and consumer psychological responses (decision comfort) demonstrates to be greater when compared to the one disrupted by the 2D strategy, leading the findings of this dissertation to be crucial to aid retailers in developing a competitive service experience approach.
O efeito disruptivo da tecnologia nos modelos de negócio e comportamento dos consumidores desencadeou a modernização da indústria retalhista. Cientes que a presença em canais tradicionais não é já suficiente para suceder num mercado altamente competitivo e conectado, as empresas retalhistas têm vindo a digitalizar a sua atividade desenvolvendo estratégias de omnichannel delineadas para impactar os consumidores durante todo o processo de decisão de compra. Para categorias de produtos de alto envolvimento, onde as experiências sensoriais são altamente valorizadas, a expansão para canais de venda online é comprometida pela incapacidade deste canal de as providenciar. A presente dissertação pretende assim analisar o efeito da Realidade Aumentada (RA) como estratégia para simular experiências sensoriais em canais digitais, contribuindo para melhorar a experiência e aumentar a intenção de compra de produtos de maquilhagem. O estudo conduzido para avaliar o impacto da RA nesta indústria e determinar a sua vantagem competitiva sobre as estratégias 2D atualmente implementas pela maioria dos retalhistas, ilustrou o efeito significativo da RA sobre a intenção dos consumidores de comprar produtos de maquilhagem em canais de venda online. Tal, demonstra assim a adequação da RA para superar as limitações sensoriais (visuais e de tato) presentes nestes canais de venda. O efeito significativo da RA sobre as dimensões de experiência de compra (valor hedónico e utilitário) e respostas psicológicas dos consumidores (sensação de conforto) demonstra ser maior do que o gerado pela estratégia 2D, reforçando a relevância dos resultados obtidos para desenvolvimento de estratégias competitivas de experiência de compra.