Dissertationen zum Thema „Mesure invariante de processus de Markov“
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Hahn, Léo. „Interacting run-and-tumble particles as piecewise deterministic Markov processes : invariant distribution and convergence“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0084.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle1. Simulating active and metastable systems with piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs): - Which dynamics to choose to efficiently simulate metastable states? - How to directly exploit the non-equilibrium nature of PDMPs to study the modeled physical systems? 2. Modeling active systems with PDMPs: - What conditions must a system meet to be modeled by a PDMP? - In which cases does the system have a stationary distribution? - How to calculate dynamic quantities (e.g., transition rates) in this framework? 3. Improving simulation techniques for equilibrium systems: - Can results obtained in the context of non-equilibrium systems be used to accelerate the simulation of equilibrium systems? - How to use topological information to adapt the dynamics in real-time?
Dubarry, Blandine. „Comportement asymptotique des systèmes de fonctions itérées et applications aux chaines de Markov d'ordre variable“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S114/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is the study of the asymptotic behaviour of iterated function systems (IFS). In a first part, we will introduce the notions related to the study of such systems and we will remind different applications of IFS such as random walks on graphs or aperiodic tilings, random dynamical systems, proteins classification or else $q$-repeated measures. We will focus on two other applications : the chains of infinite order and the variable length Markov chains. We will give the main results in the literature concerning the study of invariant measures for IFS and those for the calculus of the Hausdorff dimension. The second part will be dedicated to the study of a class of iterated function systems (IFSs) with non-overlapping or just-touching contractions on closed real intervals and adapted piecewise constant transition probabilities. We give criteria for the existence and the uniqueness of an invariant probability measure for the IFSs and for the asymptotic stability of the system in terms of bounds of transition probabilities. Additionally, in case there exists a unique invariant measure and under some technical assumptions, we obtain its exact Hausdorff dimension as the ratio of the entropy over the Lyapunov exponent. This result extends the formula, established in the literature for continuous transition probabilities, to the case considered here of piecewise constant probabilities. The last part is dedicated to a special case of IFS : Variable Length Markov Chains (VLMC). We will show that under a weak non-nullness condition and continuity for the ultrametric distance of the transition probabilities, they admit a unique invariant measure which is attractive for the weak convergence
Karray, Mohamed Kadhem. „Evaluation analytique des performanes des réseaux sans-fil par un processus de Markov spatial prenant en compte leur géométrie, leur dynamique et leurs algorithmes de contrôle“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLemaire, Vincent. „Estimation récursive de la mesure invariante d'un processus de diffusion“. Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa principale hypothèse sur ces solutions (diffusions) est l'existence d'une fonction de Lyapounov garantissant une condition de stabilité. Par le théorème ergodique on sait que les mesures empiriques de la diffusion convergent vers une mesure invariante. Nous étudions une convergence similaire lorsque la diffusion est discrétisée par un schéma d'Euler de pas décroissant. Nous prouvons que les mesures empiriques pondérées de ce schéma convergent vers la mesure invariante de la diffusion, et qu'il est possible d'intégrer des fonctions exponentielles lorsque le coefficient de diffusion est suffisamment petit. De plus, pour une classe de diffusions plus restreinte, nous prouvons la convergence presque sûre et dans Lp du schéma d'Euler vers la diffusion.
Nous obtenons des vitesses de convergence pour les mesures empiriques pondérées et donnons les paramètres permettant une vitesse optimale. Nous finissons l'étude de ce schéma lorsqu'il y a présence de multiples mesures invariantes. Cette étude se fait en dimension 1, et nous permet de mettre en évidence un lien entre classification de Feller et fonctions de Lyapounov.
Dans la dernière partie, nous exposons un nouvel algorithme adaptatif permettant de considérer des problèmes plus généraux tels que les systèmes Hamiltoniens ou les systèmes monotones. Il s'agit de considérer les mesures empiriques d'un schéma d'Euler construit à partir d'une suite de pas aléatoires adaptés dominée par une suite décroissant vers 0.
Offret, Yoann. „Dynamique de diffusions inhomogènes sous des conditions d'invariance d'échelle“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNABLI, HEDI. „Mesure de performabilite sur des processus de markov homogenes a espace d'etats fini“. Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSAMSON, PAUL-MARIE. „Inegalites de concentration de la mesure pour des chaines de markov et des processus -melangeants“. Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGanidis-Cochard, Hélène. „Convergence de semi-groupes de diffusion : amplitude et problème de Skorokhod“. Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10279.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is divided in three independant parts. In first part is estimated the convergence rate of sorne semi-groups associated to diffusion processes to their invariant probability. Second part deals with the law of the range process for ultraspherical Markov chains and Bessel processes. Convergence of ultraspherical Markov chains to Bessel processes is first established. Then are evaluated Laplace transform and firts moment for the range inverse (firt passage time for the range process to a given level). Calculations are developped in the case of Bessel processes of dimension one and three. In third part are considered two classes of martingale: 1 - The class of right continuous left limited, uniformly integrable martingales, (Mt)t≥0, such that the law of (M0, M∞) is given. 2 - The class of right continuous left limited, uniformly intégrable martingales, (Mt)t≥0 such that the laws of M0 and M∞ are given. For each of these two kind of Skorokhod's problem, we construct an explicit brownian solution. These solutions are of great importance in maximal inequalies
Offret, Yoann. „Dynamique de diffusions inhomogènes sous des conditions d'invariance d'échelle“. Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/cb280592-828c-4635-9e2e-c2efb1f8bbe9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study the asymptotic behaviour of some stochastic processes whose dynamics depends not only on position, but also time, and such that the diffusion term and the potential satisfy some scaling properties. We point out a general phase transition phenomenon, entirely determined by the self-similar parameters. The main idea is to consider an appropriate scaling transformation, taking full advantage of the scaling properties. In the first part, we investigate a family of one-dimensional diffusion processes, driven by a Brownian motion, whose drift is polynomial in time and space. These diffusions are continuous counterparts of the random walks studied by Menshikov and Volkov (2008) and related to theFriedman's urn model. We give, in terms of all scaling parameters, the iterated logarithm type laws, the scaling limits and the explosion times of these processes. The second part dealt with a family of diffusion processes in random environment, directed by a one dimensional Brownian motion, whose potential is Brownian in space and polynomialin time. This situation is a generalization of the time-homogeneous Brox's diffusion (86) studied in an extensive body of the literature. We obtain in the critical case a quasi-invariant and quasi stationary random measure for the time-inhomogeneous semi-group, deduced from the study of a underlying random dynamical system
Malrieu, Florent. „Inégalités fonctionnelles et comportement en temps long de quelques processus de Markov“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCasse, Jérôme. „Automates cellulaires probabilistes et processus itérés ad libitum“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0248/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this thesis is about probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) on the line and with two neighbors. For a given PCA, we look for the set of its invariant distributions. Due to reasons explained in detail in this thesis, it is nowadays unthinkable to get all of them and we concentrate our reections on the invariant Markovian distributions. We establish, first, an algebraic theorem that gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a PCA to have one or more invariant Markovian distributions when the alphabet E is finite. Then, we generalize this result to the case of a polish alphabet E once we have clarified the encountered topological difficulties. Finally, we calculate the 8-vertex model's correlation function for some parameters values using previous results.The second part of this thesis is about infinite iterations of stochastic processes. We establish the convergence of the finite dimensional distributions of the α-stable processes iterated n times, when n goes to infinite, according to parameter of stability and to drift r. Then, we describe the limit distributions. In the iterated Brownian motion case, we show that the limit distributions are linked with iterated functions system
Brun-Strang, Catherine. „Intérêt de la modélisation dans le suivi pronostique et la mesure de l'impact économique d'une maladie létale : exemple de la leucémie myeloïde chronique“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe introduction of a new anti-cancer therapy such as imatinib raises the question of the evolution of the number of patients treated over time. Imatinib retards progression to advanced stages and treared patients will survive longer. Apart from the clinical benefit for individual patients, there is also an impact on public health and on health expenditure, due not only to prescription changes but also through the increased prevalence of the disease. Prior to market access, the manufacter wanted to dispose of a model that could predict and compare the clinical evolution at 5 years of patients with CML. This mathematical model quantifies the number of patients who will be treated each year with imatinib and evaluates the budget impact relative to existing therapeutic strategies. This approach is used as a basis for the analysis and discussion of the interest and limits of modelling in public health
Ricquebourg, Yann. „Analyse de mouvements articules : mesure et suivi 2d ; application a la telesurveillance“. Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVeysseire, Laurent. „Courbure de Ricci grossière de processus markoviens“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtaya, Abbas. „Renforcement des méthodes de prise de décision par des a priori pour la mesure automatique de l'activité physique des personnes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdvances in technology have led to the miniaturization of motion sensors, facilitating their use in small comfortable wearable devices. Such devices are of great interest in the biomedical field especially for applications aimed at estimating the daily physical activity of people. In this thesis, we propose signal processing algorithms allowing better interpretation of sensors measures and thus their mapping to different activities. Our approach is based on that activities have strong temporal dependencies. We propose a recognition system that models the activity sequence by a Markov chain. Our system relies on parametric and non-parametric classification methods. The soft output of classifiers permits the construction of confidence measures in the activities. These measures are later used as input to a Viterbi algorithm that gives the final estimation of the activity sequence. We validate our algorithms using a database containing 48 subjects, each of whom having carried out activities for more than 90 minutes. Moreover, this thesis aims at providing practical answers to challenges concerning the development of an activity recognition system. First of all, we wonder about the optimal sensor placement on the body, and about the number of sensors needed for a reliable estimation of activities. We also approach the problem of selecting relevant features for classifiers. Another crucial issue concerns the estimation of the sensor’s orientation on the body : this involves the problem of sensor calibration. Finally, we provide a “real-time” implementation of our system, and collect a database under realistic conditions to validate our implemented real-time demostrator
Bréhard, Thomas Le Cadre Jean-Pierre. „Estimation séquentielle et analyse de performances pour un problème de filtrage non linéaire partiellement observé application à la trajectographie par mesure d'angles /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2005/brehard.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBréhard, Thomas. „Estimation séquentielle et analyse de performances pour un problème de filtrage non linéaire partiellement observé : application à la trajectographie par mesure d'angles“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtaya, Abbas. „Renforcement des méthodes de prise de décision par des a priori pour la mesure automatique de l'activité physique des personnes“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0071/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdvances in technology have led to the miniaturization of motion sensors, facilitating their use in small comfortable wearable devices. Such devices are of great interest in the biomedical field especially for applications aimed at estimating the daily physical activity of people. In this thesis, we propose signal processing algorithms allowing better interpretation of sensors measures and thus their mapping to different activities. Our approach is based on that activities have strong temporal dependencies. We propose a recognition system that models the activity sequence by a Markov chain. Our system relies on parametric and non-parametric classification methods. The soft output of classifiers permits the construction of confidence measures in the activities. These measures are later used as input to a Viterbi algorithm that gives the final estimation of the activity sequence. We validate our algorithms using a database containing 48 subjects, each of whom having carried out activities for more than 90 minutes. Moreover, this thesis aims at providing practical answers to challenges concerning the development of an activity recognition system. First of all, we wonder about the optimal sensor placement on the body, and about the number of sensors needed for a reliable estimation of activities. We also approach the problem of selecting relevant features for classifiers. Another crucial issue concerns the estimation of the sensor’s orientation on the body : this involves the problem of sensor calibration. Finally, we provide a “real-time” implementation of our system, and collect a database under realistic conditions to validate our implemented real-time demostrator
Yang, Xiaochuan. „Etude dimensionnelle de la régularité de processus de diffusion à sauts“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation, we study various dimension properties of the regularity of jump di usion processes, solution of a class of stochastic di erential equations with jumps. In particular, we de- scribe the uctuation of the Hölder regularity of these processes and that of the local dimensions of the associated occupation measure by computing their multifractal spepctra. e Hausdor dimension of the range and the graph of these processes are also calculated.In the last chapter, we use a new notion of “large scale” dimension in order to describe the asymptotics of the sojourn set of a Brownian motion under moving boundaries
Houmani, Nesma. „Analyse de la qualité des signatures manuscrites en-ligne par la mesure d'entropie“. Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765378.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Amandine. „Mesure de la fragilité et détection de chutes pour le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePopulation ageing is a major issue for society in the next years, especially because of the increase of dependent people. The limits in specialized institutes capacity and the wish of the elderly to stay at home as long as possible explain a growing need for new specific at home services. Technologies can help securing the person at home by detecting falls. They can also help in the evaluation of the frailty for preventing future accidents. This work concerns the development of low cost ambient systems for helping the stay at home of elderly. Depth cameras allow analysing in real time the displacement of the person. We show that it is possible to recognize the activity of the person and to measure gait parameters from the analysis of simple feature extracted from depth images. Activity recognition is based on Hidden Markov Models and allows detecting at risk behaviours and falls. When the person is walking, the analysis of the trajectory of her centre of mass allows measuring gait parameters that can be used for frailty evaluation. This work is based on laboratory experimentations for the acquisition of data used for models training and for the evaluation of the results. We show that some of the developed Hidden Markov Models are robust enough for classifying the activities. We also evaluate de precision of the gait parameters measurement in comparison to the measures provided by an actimetric carpet. We believe that such a system could be installed in the home of the elderly because it relies on a local processing of the depth images. It would be able to provide daily information on the person activity and on the evolution of her gait parameters that are useful for securing her and evaluating her frailty
Marcovici, Irène. „Automates cellulaires probabilistes et mesures spécifiques sur des espaces symboliques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933977.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFontin, Mickaël. „Contribution à la génération de séries synthétiques de pluies, de débits et de températures“. Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT117H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Amandine. „Mesure de la fragilité et détection de chutes pour le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées“. Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070972.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArnaud, Michel. „Contribution à l'étude stochastique markovienne des précipitations dans le bassin Adour-Garonne“. Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT004H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMasson, Philippe. „Etude d'écrans supraconducteurs à haute température critique massifs : application à la réalisation d'une machine électrique de conception originale“. Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10274.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter a zero magnetic field cooling, high temperature superconductors are able to expel the flux lines out of their volume. We propose to use this property to make an inductor for electrical motors using superconducting shields to concentrate the flux density. As the theoretical study of this system requires the use of numerical calculation, we have developed a 3D magnetic field calculation tool based on a Markov chain Monte-Carlo method. This probabilistic method leads to a quantifiable error of calculation that we have minimized by using a signal regularization method. We have made the design of an inductor and have realized it. Thus, we have verified the efficiency of the structure and the efficiency of the calculation tools developed
Duchemin, Quentin. „Growth dynamics of large networks using hidden Markov chains“. Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03749513.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this thesis aims at introducing new models of random graphs that account for the temporal evolution of networks. More precisely, we focus on growth models where at each instant a new node is added to the existing graph. We attribute to this new entrant properties that characterize its connectivity to the rest of the network and these properties depend only on the previously introduced node. Our random graph models are thus governed by a latent Markovian dynamic characterizing the sequence of nodes in the graph. We are particularly interested in the Stochastic Block Model and in Random Geometric Graphs for which we propose algorithms to estimate the unknown parameters or functions defining the model. We then show how these estimates allow us to solve link prediction or collaborative filtering problems in networks.The theoretical analysis of the above-mentioned algorithms requires advanced probabilistic tools. In particular, one of our proof is relying on a concentration inequality for U-statistics in a dependent framework. Few papers have addressed this thorny question and existing works consider sets of assumptions that do not meet our needs. Therefore, the second part of this manuscript will be devoted to the proof of a concentration inequality for U-statistics of order two for uniformly ergodic Markov chains. In Chapter 5, we exploit this concentration result for U-statistics to make new contributions to three very active areas of Statistics and Machine Learning.Still motivated by link prediction problems in graphs, we study post-selection inference procedures in the framework of logistic regression with $L^1$ penalty. We prove a central limit theorem under the distribution conditional on the selection event and derive asymptotically valid testing procedures and confidence intervals
Guibert, Quentin. „Sur l’utilisation des modèles multi-états pour la mesure et la gestion des risques d’un contrat d’assurance“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10256/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the implementation of the Solvency II framework, actuaries should examine the good adequacy between models and data. This thesis aims to study several statistical approaches, often ignored by practitioners, enabling the use of multi-state methods to model and manage individual risks in insurance. Chapter 1 presents the general context of this thesis and positions its main contributions. The basic tools to use multi-state models in insurance are introduced and classical inference techniques, adapted to insurance data with and without the Markov assumption, are presented. Finally, a development of these models for credit risk is outlined. Chapter 2 focuses on using nonparametric inference methods to build incidence tables for long term care insurance contracts. Since there are several entry-causes in disability states which are useful for actuaries, an inference method for competing risks data, seen as a Markov multi-state model in continuous time, is used. In a second step, I compare these estimators to those conventionally used by practitioners, based on survival analysis methods. This second approach may involve significant bias because the interaction between entry-causes cannot be appropriately captured. In particular, these approaches assume that latent failure times are independent, while this hypothesis cannot be tested for competing risks data. Our approach allows to measure the error done by practitioners when they build incidence tables. Finally, a numerical application is considered on a long term care insurance dataset
Hénard, Olivier. „Généalogie et Q-processus“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763378.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChen, Yi ting. „Random generation of executions of concurrent systems“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS071.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConcurrency has an important role in modern systems and programming. It reveals the phenomenon that multiple computations run simultaneously. These interleaved executions cause the so-called "State explosion problem". In this thesis, we aim at constructing a probabilistic framework on the executions of concurrent systems for the purpose of random generation. The uniform measure of executions is inspired by trace monoids defined on infinite traces. Trace theory has a strong combinatorial foundation around the Möbius polynomial. The irreducibility of trace monoids implies the strong connectivity of the digraph of cliques. Hence, a dominant eigenvalue exists and determines the growth rate of trace monoids. In our work, we view the abstract concurrent systems as monoid actions on a finite set of states. This setting encompasses 1-bounded Petri nets. We give two interpretations to a uniform measure of executions for concurrent systems. One is constructed by the elementary cylinders in trace monoids. This uniform measure is realized a Markov chain of states-and-cliques. The other is to study the Parry measure on the digraph of states-and-cliques. The difficulty to extend to concurrent systems is that the Perron-Frobenius theorem is not applicable. To resolve this problem, we found the spectral property of the irreducible concurrent systems. This allows us to distinguish the main components which determine the characteristic root of the system. We also prove the uniqueness of this uniform measure. The transition matrix can be obtained either from the Markov chain of states-and-cliques or from the Parry measure with the spectral radius of the dominant components
Caron, François. „Inférence bayésienne pour la détermination et la sélection de modèles stochastiques“. Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe are interested in the addition of uncertainty in hidden Markov models. The inference is made in a Bayesian framework based on Monte Carlo methods. We consider multiple sensors that may switch between several states of work. An original jump model is developed for different kind of situations, including synchronous/asynchronous data and the binary valid/invalid case. The model/algorithm is applied to the positioning of a land vehicle equipped with three sensors. One of them is a GPS receiver, whose data are potentially corrupted due to multipaths phenomena. We consider the estimation of the probability density function of the evolution and observation noises in hidden Markov models. First, the case of linear models is addressed and MCMC and particle filter algorithms are developed and applied on three different applications. Then the case of the estimation of probability density functions in nonlinear models is addressed. For that purpose, time-varying Dirichlet processes are defined for the online estimation of time-varying probability density functions
Faires, Hafedh. „Modèles hiérarchiques de Dirichlet à temps continu“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466503.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoignon, Yoann. „Le vieillissement démographique en Méditerranée : convergences territoriales et spatiales“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe demographic transition upsets population balances worldwide. If population growth has been studied by demographers throughout the second half of the 20th century, ageing is an equally significant consequence of this demographic change. Nevertheless, studies demographic and geoprospective are not so many. In order to understand the observed changes, it seems appropriate to look beyond national borders for choose the level of sub-national territories. We study the future of Mediterranean societies' ageing in its dynamic dimension. The Mediterranean is an interesting laboratory because we found a great plurality of situations. To reach our goal, several challenges had to be overcome regarding the collection of data, their harmonization, their projection and analysis. For the whole Mediterranean area, we have collected and harmonized geo-demographic data to sub-national scales from many disparate sources. They were then used to establish future scenarios and projections for the next 50 years. Finally, we had to adapt methods from other disciplines (especially econometrics) to establish convergence of measures. We even propose news methods to answer our questions. The Ph.D. highlights the diversity of convergence proccess involved in the ageing populations of the Mediterranean. Territorial convergence and spatial convergence are taking part in the approximation of the regions' characteristics in terms of ageing. All the different scenarios analyzed describe future that highlight the global convergence of ageing but also remind that the observed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the phenomenon should last a long time and could strengthen locally
Havet, Antoine. „Estimation de la loi du milieu d'une marche aléatoire en milieu aléatoire“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduced in the 1960s, the model of random walk in i.i.d. environment on integers (or RWRE) raised only recently interest in the statistical community. Various works have in particular focused on the estimation of the environment distribution from a single trajectory of the RWRE.This thesis extends the advances made in those works and offers new approaches to the problem.First, we consider the estimation problem from a frequentist point of view. When the RWRE is transient to the right or recurrent, we build the first non-parametric estimator of the density of the environment distribution and obtain an upper-bound of the associated risk in infinite norm.Then, we consider the estimation problem from a Bayesian perspective. When the RWRE is transient to the right, we prove the posterior consistency of the Bayesian estimator of the environment distribution.The main difficulty of the thesis was to develop the tools necessary to the proof of Bayesian consistency.For this purpose, we demonstrate a quantitative version of a Mac Diarmid's type concentration inequality for Markov chains.We also study the return time to 0 of a branching process with immigration in random environment (or BPIRE). We show the existence of a finite exponential moment uniformly valid on a class of BPIRE. The BPIRE being a Markov chain, this result enables then to make explicit the dependence of the constants of the concentration inequality with respect to the characteristics of the BPIRE
Calka, Pierre. „De nouveaux résultats sur la géométrie des mosaïques de Poisson-Voronoi et des mosaïques poissoniennes d'hyperplans. Etude du modèle de fissuration de Rényi-Widom“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoubet, Étienne. „Contrôle non destructif par analyse supervisée d'images 3D ultrasonores“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChampagnat, Nicolas. „Étude mathématique de modèles stochastiques d'évolution issus de la théorie écologique des dynamiques adaptatives“. Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091929.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousseeuw, Kévin. „Modélisation de signaux temporels hautes fréquences multicapteurs à valeurs manquantes : Application à la prédiction des efflorescences phytoplanctoniques dans les rivières et les écosystèmes marins côtiers“. Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0374/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause of the growing interest for environmental issues and to identify direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic activities on ecosystems, environmental monitoring programs have recourse more and more frequently to high resolution, autonomous and multi-sensor instrumented stations. These systems are implemented in harsh environment and there is a need to stop measurements for calibration, service purposes or just because of sensors failure. Consequently, data could be noisy, missing or out of range and required some pre-processing or filtering steps to complete and validate raw data before any further investigations. In this context, the objective of this work is to design an automatic numeric system able to manage such amount of data in order to further knowledge on water quality and more precisely with consideration about phytoplankton determinism and dynamics. Main phase is the methodological development of phytoplankton bloom forecasting models giving the opportunity to end-user to handle well-adapted protocols. We propose to use hybrid Hidden Markov Model to detect and forecast environment states (identification of the main phytoplankton bloom steps and associated hydrological conditions). The added-value of our approach is to hybrid our model with a spectral clustering algorithm. Thus all HMM parameters (states, characterisation and dynamics of these states) are built by unsupervised learning. This approach was applied on three data bases: first one from the marine instrumented station MAREL Carnot (Ifremer) (2005-2009), second one from a Ferry Box system implemented in the eastern English Channel en 2012 and third one from a freshwater fixed station in the river Deûle in 2009 (Artois Picardie Water Agency). These works fall within the scope of a collaboration between IFREMER, LISIC/ULCO and Artois Picardie Water Agency in order to develop optimised systems to study effects of anthropogenic activities on aquatic systems functioning in a regional context of massive blooms of the harmful algae, Phaeocystis globosa
Fougères, Pierre. „Inégalités fonctionnelles liées aux formes de Dirichlet : de l'isopérimétrie aux inégalités de Sobolev“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMansanarez, Valentin. „Non-unique stage-discharge relations : Bayesian analysis of complex rating curves and their uncertainties“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComplex rating curves, with stage and additional variables as inputs are necessary to establish streamflow records at sites where the stage-discharge relation is non-unique. Within the same Bayesian framework, hydraulically-based methods are introduced and tested to develop complex rating curves and estimate their uncertainties: stage-gradient-discharge (SGD) models to address hysteresis due to transient flow, stage-fall-discharge (SFD) models to address variable backwater at twin gauge stations, stage-period-discharge (SPD) model to address net rating changes due to bed evolution. Each model was applied to contrasting hydrometric stations and evaluated through sensitivity analyses. For each of the three sources of non-uniqueness in the stage-discharge relation, the proposed Bayesian methods provide not only quantitative uncertainty analysis but also efficient solutions to recurrent problems with the traditional procedures for complex ratings
Momeya, Ouabo Romuald Hervé. „Les processus additifs markoviens et leurs applications en finance mathématique“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8471.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the pricing and hedging problems of financial derivatives in a Markov-modulated exponential-Lévy model. Such model is built on a Markov additive process as much as the Black-Scholes model is based on Brownian motion. Since there exist many sources of randomness, we are dealing with an incomplete market and this makes inoperative techniques initiated by Black, Scholes and Merton in the context of a complete market. We show that, by using some results of the theory of Markov additive processes it is possible to provide solutions to the previous problems. In particular, we characterize the martingale measure which minimizes the relative entropy with respect to the physical probability measure. Also under some conditions, we derive explicitly the optimal portfolio which allows an agent to minimize the local quadratic risk associated. Furthermore, in a more practical perspective we characterize the price of a European type option as the unique viscosity solution of a system of nonlinear integro-di erential equations. This is a rst step towards the construction of e ective numerical schemes to approximate options price.
Ben, Salah Zied. „Some Applications of Markov Additive Processes as Models in Insurance and Financial Mathematics“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis consists mainly of three papers concerned with Markov additive processes, Lévy processes and applications on finance and insurance. The first chapter is an introduction to Markov additive processes (MAP) and a presentation of the ruin problem and basic topics of Mathematical Finance. The second chapter contains the paper "Lévy Systems and the Time Value of Ruin for Markov Additive Processes" written with Manuel Morales and that is published in the European Actuarial Journal. This paper studies the ruin problem for a Markov additive risk process. An expression of the expected discounted penalty function is obtained via identification of the Lévy systems. The third chapter contains the paper "On a Generalization of the Expected Discounted Penalty Function to Include Deficits at and Beyond Ruin" that is submitted for publication. This paper presents an extension of the expected discounted penalty function in a setting involving aggregate claims modelled by a subordinator, and Brownian perturbation. This extension involves a sequence of expected discounted functions of successive minima reached by a jump of the risk process after ruin. It has important applications in risk management and in particular, it is used to compute the expected discounted value of capital injection. Finally, the fourth chapter contains the paper "The Minimal Entropy Martingale Measure (MEMM) for a Markov-Modulated Exponential" written with Romuald Hérvé Momeya and that is published in the journal Asia Pacific Financial Market. It presents new results related to the incompleteness problem in a financial market, where the risky asset is driven by Markov additive exponential model. These results characterize the martingale measure satisfying the entropy criterion. This measure is used to compute the price of the option and the portfolio of hedging in an exponential Markov-modulated Lévy model.