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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Messenger RNA couple“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Messenger RNA couple"
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Al Fayez, Nojoud, Majed S. Nassar, Abdullah A. Alshehri, Meshal K. Alnefaie, Fahad A. Almughem, Bayan Y. Alshehri, Abdullah O. Alawad und Essam A. Tawfik. „Recent Advancement in mRNA Vaccine Development and Applications“. Pharmaceutics 15, Nr. 7 (18.07.2023): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071972.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine development for preventive and therapeutic applications has evolved rapidly over the last decade. The mRVNA vaccine has proven therapeutic efficacy in various applications, including infectious disease, immunotherapy, genetic disorders, regenerative medicine, and cancer. Many mRNA vaccines have made it to clinical trials, and a couple have obtained FDA approval. This emerging therapeutic approach has several advantages over conventional methods: safety; efficacy; adaptability; bulk production; and cost-effectiveness. However, it is worth mentioning that the delivery to the target site and in vivo degradation and thermal stability are boundaries that can alter their efficacy and outcomes. In this review, we shed light on different types of mRNA vaccines, their mode of action, and the process to optimize their development and overcome their limitations. We also have explored various delivery systems focusing on the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of the mRNA vaccine. Generally, the delivery system plays a vital role in enhancing mRNA vaccine stability, biocompatibility, and homing to the desired cells and tissues. In addition to their function as a delivery vehicle, they serve as a compartment that shields and protects the mRNA molecules against physical, chemical, and biological activities that can alter their efficiency. Finally, we focused on the future considerations that should be attained for safer and more efficient mRNA application underlining the advantages and disadvantages of the current mRNA vaccines.
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Oohayyed, N. A., M. M. Mohammed, A. M. Al-Rahim, R. N. Al Chalabi, S. A. Shaban und A. A. J. Suleiman. „Identification of key miRNAs as regulatory biomarkers of gonadotropins leading to infertility in males“. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 17, Nr. 5 (12.11.2023): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.398.
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Introduction. Infertility is a highly fatal reproductive system disorder that affects the ability of a couple to reproduce. Over the past decades, a drastic uplift has been recorded in infertility cases among males ranging from 20 to 70 % indicating spermatogenesis impairment.Aim: to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulatory biomarkers of gonadotropins involved in dysregulation of fertility-related genes to propose potential therapeutic strategies that would combat the action of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs).Materials and Methods. Interaction analysis was performed between miRNAs and fertility-related genes namely luteinizing hormone choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to identify key miRNAs as regulatory biomarkers of gonadotropins leading to infertility in males.Results. A total of 10, 13, 31 and 18 strong and potential binding sites were predicted for miRNAs-LHCGR, miRNAs-GnRHR, miRNAs-FSHR, and miRNAs-CFTR respectively employing miRWalk (comprehensive genetic database including miRNA targets) followed by identification of 6, 18, 55 and 17 significant interactions through RNA22. Subsequently shortlisted miRNAs and messenger RNA (mRNA) regions were subjected to Vfold-Pipeline and RNAComposer individually for 3D structure prediction. Additionally molecular docking was carried out between miRNAs and mRNAs models that discovered potential and stable interactions elucidating miR-6880-FSHR(R2) as a highly stable complex with least binding affinity (-566.3) and high confidence score (0.999).Conclusion. Hence this study proposes key oncomiRs as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target to bring about a promising treatment strategy against male factor infertility. However wet lab investigations are required for further validations of proposed study.
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Gong, Congcong, Yang Hu, Mao Zhou, Maojin Yao, Zhengxiang Ning, Zhi Wang und Jiaoyan Ren. „Identification of specific modules and hub genes associated with the progression of gastric cancer“. Carcinogenesis 40, Nr. 10 (26.02.2019): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgz040.
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Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Abundant literature has reported several individual genes and their related pathways intimately involved in tumor progression. However, little is known about GC progression at the gene network level. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathological transition from early stage to late stage is urgently needed. This study aims to identify potential vital genes and modules involved in the progression of GC. To understand the gene regulatory network of GC progression, we analyzed micro RNAs and messenger RNA s expression profiles by using a couple of bioinformatics tools. miR-205 was identified by differentially expressed analysis and was further confirmed through using multiple kernel learning-based Kronecker regularized least squares. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, the gastric cancer progression-related module, which has the highest correlation value with cancer progression, was obtained. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and biological processes of the GCPR module genes were related to cell adhesion. Meanwhile, large-scale genes of GCPR module were found to be targeted by miR-205, including two hub genes SORBS1 and LPAR1. In brief, through multiple analytical methods, we found that miR-205 and the GCPR module play critical roles in GC progression. In addition, miR-205 might maintain cell adhesion by regulating SORBS1 and LPAR1. To screen the potential drug candidates, the gene expression profile of the GCPR module was mapped connectivity map (Cmap), and the mTOR inhibitor (Sirolimus) was found to be the most promising candidate. We further confirmed that Sirolimus can suppress cell proliferation of GC cell in vitro.
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Weber, Ramona, Min-Yi Chung, Csilla Keskeny, Ulrike Zinnall, Markus Landthaler, Eugene Valkov, Elisa Izaurralde und Cátia Igreja. „4EHP and GIGYF1/2 Mediate Translation-Coupled Messenger RNA Decay“. Cell Reports 33, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2020): 108262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108262.
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Hanjin, Cui, Liu Tao, Li Pengfei, Yang Ali, Zhou Huajun, Luo Jiekun, Wang Yang und Tang Tao. „Altered Long Noncoding RNA and Messenger RNA Expression in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage - a Preliminary Study“. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 45, Nr. 3 (2018): 1284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487464.
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Background/Aims: Functional recovery in the chronic phase is a difficult problem in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treatment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are demonstrated to be involved in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the roles of lncRNAs in post-ICH injury and repair are poorly understood, especially those that may be attributed to long-term neurological deficit. The present study depicted the lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) profile by microarray at late stage after an experimental ICH. Methods: LncRNA and mRNA microarray was used to first identify differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to determine bio-functions and signaling pathways, with which differentially expressed genes are most closely related. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to validate the results of microarray. Finally, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed to find the interaction of genes. Results: A total of 625 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 826 expressed mRNAs were identified. Altered genes were enriched in mitochon-drial matrix, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, and olfactory transduction, which may be associated with ICH-induced pathophysiologic changes in the long term. A co-expression network profile based on 5 validated differentially expressed lncRNAs and 205 interacted mRNAs was composed of 210 nodes and 298 connections. Conclusion: Mitochondrial matrix, reduced G-protein coupled receptor activity, and impaired olfactory transduction may be involved in the sequelae following ICH. Further, these dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs may be the promising therapeutic targets to overcome obstacles in functional recovery following ICH.
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Estevez, Mariana, Rui Li, Biplab Paul, Kaveh Daneshvar, Alan C. Mullen, Fabio Romerio und Balasubrahmanyam Addepalli. „Identification and mapping of post-transcriptional modifications on the HIV-1 antisense transcript Ast in human cells“. RNA 28, Nr. 5 (15.02.2022): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.079043.121.
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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes multiple RNA molecules. Transcripts that originate from the proviral 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) function as messenger RNAs for the expression of 16 different mature viral proteins. In addition, HIV-1 expresses an antisense transcript (Ast) from the 3′LTR, which has both protein-coding and noncoding properties. While the mechanisms that regulate the coding and noncoding activities of Ast remain unknown, post-transcriptional modifications are known to influence RNA stability, interaction with protein partners, and translation capacity. Here, we report the nucleoside modification profile of Ast obtained through liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The epitranscriptome includes a limited set of modified nucleosides but predominantly ribose methylations. A number of these modifications were mapped to specific positions of the sequence through RNA modification mapping procedures. The presence of modifications on Ast is consistent with the RNA-modifying enzymes interacting with Ast. The identification and mapping of Ast post-transcriptional modifications is expected to elucidate the mechanisms through which this versatile molecule can carry out diverse activities in different cell compartments. Manipulation of post-transcriptional modifications on the Ast RNA may have therapeutic implications.
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Yang, Jing, Ying Cao und Ligeng Ma. „Co-Transcriptional RNA Processing in Plants: Exploring from the Perspective of Polyadenylation“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 7 (24.03.2021): 3300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073300.
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Most protein-coding genes in eukaryotes possess at least two poly(A) sites, and alternative polyadenylation is considered a contributing factor to transcriptomic and proteomic diversity. Following transcription, a nascent RNA usually undergoes capping, splicing, cleavage, and polyadenylation, resulting in a mature messenger RNA (mRNA); however, increasing evidence suggests that transcription and RNA processing are coupled. Plants, which must produce rapid responses to environmental changes because of their limited mobility, exhibit such coupling. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the coupling of transcription with RNA processing in plants, and we describe the possible spatial environment and important proteins involved. Moreover, we describe how liquid–liquid phase separation, mediated by the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and RNA processing factors with intrinsically disordered regions, enables efficient co-transcriptional mRNA processing in plants.
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Liu, Yaojuan, Yesenia Rodriguez, Robert L. Ross, Ruoxia Zhao, Jason A. Watts, Christopher Grunseich, Alan Bruzel et al. „RNA abasic sites in yeast and human cells“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 34 (11.08.2020): 20689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011511117.
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RNA abasic sites and the mechanisms involved in their regulation are mostly unknown; in contrast, DNA abasic sites are well-studied. We found surprisingly that, in yeast and human cells, RNA abasic sites are prevalent. When a base is lost from RNA, the remaining ribose is found as a closed-ring or an open-ring sugar with a reactive C1′ aldehyde group. Using primary amine-based reagents that react with the aldehyde group, we uncovered evidence for abasic sites in nascent RNA, messenger RNA, and ribosomal RNA from yeast and human cells. Mass spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of RNA abasic sites. The RNA abasic sites were found to be coupled to R-loops. We show that human methylpurine DNA glycosylase cleaves N-glycosidic bonds on RNA and that human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 incises RNA abasic sites in RNA–DNA hybrids. Our results reveal that, in yeast and human cells, there are RNA abasic sites, and we identify a glycosylase that generates these sites and an AP endonuclease that processes them.
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Grüschow, Sabine, Catherine S. Adamson und Malcolm F. White. „Specificity and sensitivity of an RNA targeting type III CRISPR complex coupled with a NucC endonuclease effector“. Nucleic Acids Research 49, Nr. 22 (06.12.2021): 13122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1190.
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Abstract Type III CRISPR systems detect invading RNA, resulting in the activation of the enzymatic Cas10 subunit. The Cas10 cyclase domain generates cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messenger molecules, activating a variety of effector nucleases that degrade nucleic acids to provide immunity. The prophage-encoded Vibrio metoecus type III-B (VmeCmr) locus is uncharacterised, lacks the HD nuclease domain in Cas10 and encodes a NucC DNA nuclease effector that is also found associated with Cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling systems (CBASS). Here we demonstrate that VmeCmr is activated by target RNA binding, generating cyclic-triadenylate (cA3) to stimulate a robust NucC-mediated DNase activity. The specificity of VmeCmr is probed, revealing the importance of specific nucleotide positions in segment 1 of the RNA duplex and the protospacer flanking sequence (PFS). We harness this programmable system to demonstrate the potential for a highly specific and sensitive assay for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 2 fM using a commercial plate reader without any extrinsic amplification step. The sensitivity is highly dependent on the guide RNA used, suggesting that target RNA secondary structure plays an important role that may also be relevant in vivo.
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Stephan, W., und D. A. Kirby. „RNA folding in Drosophila shows a distance effect for compensatory fitness interactions.“ Genetics 135, Nr. 1 (01.09.1993): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/135.1.97.
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Abstract Phylogenetic-comparative analysis was used to construct a secondary structure of Adh precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in Drosophila. The analysis revealed that the rate of coevolution of base-pairing residues decreases with their physical distance. This result is in qualitative agreement with a model of compensatory fitness interactions which assumes that mutations are individually deleterious but become harmless (neutral) in appropriate combinations. This model predicts that coupled mutations can become fixed in a population under mutation pressure and random genetic drift, when the mutations are closely linked. However, the rate of joint fixation drops as distance between sites increases and recombination breaks up favorable combinations. RNA secondary structure was also used to interpret patterns of linkage disequilibrium at Adh.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Messenger RNA couple"
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Levacher, Corentin. „Le déséquilibre ARΝ messager/ARΝ circulaire : nοuveau biοmarqueur en génétique sοmatique et nοuveau facteur de prédispοsitiοn en génétique cοnstitutiοnnelle?“ Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR045.
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Les ARN circulaires (ARNcirc), produits du rétro-épissage, sont une nouvelle classe émergente d’ARN impliquée dans diverses maladies et notamment le cancer. Ces ARNcirc, par leurs multiples fonctions, peuvent moduler les niveaux des ARN messagers (ARNm), transcrits linéaires finement régulés. Etant donné que physiologiquement un équilibre s’opère entre ces deux types de transcrits, nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’une perturbation des niveaux de ce couple ARNcirc-ARNm joue un rôle dans la tumorigenèse. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons développé SEALigHTS (Splice and Expression Analyses by exon Ligation and High Throughput Sequencing), une technique innovante permettant l’analyse simultanée des ARNcirc et des ARNm. SEALigHTS se base sur la modélisation de sondes aux extrémités des exons, autorisant l’exploration de toutes les jonctions exon-exon. Brièvement, après une rétrotranscription et l’hybridation des sondes à l’ADN complémentaire, les sondes avoisinantes sont liguées. Le nombre de ligations est ensuite quantifié, par l’utilisation d’UMI (Unique Molecular Identifiers) séquencés. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé des échantillons de tissus mammaires tumoraux et normaux adjacents. L’analyse de l’épissage et du rétro-épissage des gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2, impliqués dans le syndrome sein et ovaire, a révélé une diminution significative du ratio ARNcirc/ARNm dans le tissu tumoral en comparaison au tissu normal (p = 1,6e-09 pour BRCA1 et p = 4,4e-05 pour BRCA2). Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié l'épissage et le rétro-épissage de 23 gènes de prédisposition au cancer colorectal (CCR) sur des échantillons sanguins de 712 patients prédisposés au CCR et de 249 témoins. Le ratio ARNcirc/ARNm s'est avéré 1,93 fois plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins (p < 2e-16). Dans un troisième temps, nous avons évalué le potentiel diagnostique de SEALigHTS par l’étude de 44 gènes de prédisposition au CCR et au syndrome sein et ovaire. Après validation de la détection des événements d’épissage de variations caractérisées, l’analyse de patients prospectifs a permis d’améliorer le rendement diagnostique. Cette étude a enrichi nos connaissances sur les niveaux des différentes isoformes linéaires et circulaires des gènes étudiés. Au-delà de leur potentiel en tant que biomarqueurs dans le cancer du sein ou le CCR, la perturbation du ratio ARNcirc/ARNm soulève des questions sur l'implication des ARNcirc en génétique somatique et constitutionnelleCircular RNAs (circRNAs), produced by backsplicing, are an emerging new class of RNAs implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Through their multiple functions, circRNAs can modulate the levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), finely regulated linear transcripts. Given that a physiologically balance exists between these two types of transcripts, we hypothesize that a disruption in the levels of this circRNA-mRNA couple plays a role in tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we developed SEALigHTS (Splice and Expression Analyses by exon Ligation and High Throughput Sequencing), an innovative technique for the simultaneous analysis of circRNAs and mRNAs. SEALigHTS is based on the design of probes at exon ends, enabling exploration of all exon-exon junctions. Briefly, after reverse transcription and hybridization of probes to complementary DNA, neighboring probes are ligated, and the number of ligations quantified using unique molecular identifiers and sequencing. As a first step, we analyzed tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue samples. Analysis of the splicing and backsplicing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, involved in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome (HBOC), revealed a significant decrease in the circRNA/mRNA ratio in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (p = 1.6e-09 for BRCA1 and p = 4.4e-05 for BRCA2). In a second step, we studied the splicing and backsplicing of 23 colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition genes in blood samples from 712 CRC-predisposed patients and 249 controls. The circRNA/mRNA ratio was found to be 1.93 times higher in patients than in controls (p < 2e-16). In a third step, we assessed the diagnostic potential of SEALigHTS by studying 44 CRC and HBOC genes. After validating the detection of splicing events for characterized variations, the analysis of prospective patients with SEALigHTS improved the diagnostic yield. This study has enriched our knowledge of the levels of the various linear and circular isoforms of the predisposition genes studied. Beyond their potential as biomarkers in breast cancer or CRC, the disruption of the circRNA/mRNA ratio raises questions about the involvement of circRNAs in somatic and constitutional genetics
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Liska, Olga. „Effect of CTCF and Cohesin on the dynamics of RNA polymerase II transcription and coupled pre-messenger RNA processing“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ba9454b8-4498-42c8-bc4c-16dd971af164.
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The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a versatile, multifunctional zinc-finger protein involved in a broad spectrum of cellular functions. In mammalian cells, CTCF functions together with the Cohesin complex, an essential regulator of sister chromatid cohesion. Together, CTCF and Cohesin have been shown to regulate gene expression at a genome-wide level in mammalian cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces pombe, Cohesin has been implicated in transcription termination of convergently transcribed genes, in a cell cycle dependent manner. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the possibility of direct transcriptional involvement of CTCF and Cohesin in human cells. The first model system applied for this experimental purpose was the β-globin gene with introduced canonical CTCF-binding sites replacing the endogenous Co- Transcriptional Cleavage (CoTC) element downstream of β-globin. The results obtained indicate that recruitment of CTCF to the β-globin 3` flanking region does not prevent read-through transcription. However, CTCF-binding does mediate RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) pausing at the site of recruited CTCF. This results in more efficient pre-mRNA 3` end processing and therefore rescues β-globin mRNA to wild type levels. Cohesin was not detected at the introduced CTCF-binding sites. These results are a contribution to our understanding of the spatio-temporal requirements for cotranscriptional events like 3` end pre-mRNA processing and Pol II kinetics. The second part of my thesis presents an investigation on the involvement of CTCF and Cohesin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) gene expression regulation in human monocytes and differentiated M1- and M2-type macrophages. These studies provide first evidence of Cohesin recruitment to the TNFα gene body and its regulatory NFκB-binding sites. Differences in the recruitment profiles obtained indicate potential regulatory differences of TNFα among the three cell types. Preliminary data provide an insight into the effects on TNFα mRNA levels upon down-regulation of Cohesin subunits.
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„Characterization of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor mas-induced tumor formation“. Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074087.
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Ectopic and over-expression of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) have been reported to induce tumor formation. Mas protein is a member of GPCR family and was originally isolated from human epidermoid carcinoma. It was demonstrated that mas mRNA was abundantly expressed in human and rat brains by in situ hybridization and RNase protection assays. However, cellular mechanism that leads to such tumorigenic transformation is still an open question.In order to identify the cellular mechanism of mas-induced tumor formation, a full-length mas cDNA was cloned into a mammalian expression vector pFRSV with dihydrofolate reductase gene as a selection marker. Detailed analyses of mas-transfected cell lines by Southern blot, Northern blot and tumorigenicity assay indicated that tumorigenicity of mas-transfected cells depended on the sites of chromosomal integration and the levels of mas expression. These results suggest that overexpression of mas is not sufficient to induce tumor formation. In line with the ability of mas-transfected cells Mc0M80 to form solid tumor in nude mice, MTT cell proliferation assay indicated that the mas-transfected cells Mc0M80 proliferated faster than vector-transfected cells. Moreover, mas-transfected cells Mc0M80 exhibited significantly increased anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, mas-transfected cells Mc0M80 showed higher percentage cells in G2/M phase but lower in S-phase in comparison with vector-transfected cells.
Interestingly, Southern blot analysis of individual xenografted tumor tissue indicated that tumor was composed of cells not only derived from injected mas-transfected CHO cells but also cells from mouse tissues. The presence of mouse stromal cells in the tumor was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Previously our laboratory had identified some up- and down-regulated genes in mas-transfected cells by fluorescent differential display (FluoroDD). Northern blot showed that these differential expressed genes were up- or down-regulated in mas-transfected cells and tumor samples, which might play an important role in cancerous growth.
Taken together, these results suggest that over-expression of GPCR mas up-regulated tumor-related genes, resulting in promoting excessive cell growth and tumorigenic transformation. In addition, when the tumor mass formed they secreted some growth factor(s) which altered the migration of mouse stromal cells into tumor mass. The interactions of transformed cells and stromal cells further aggravate the tumorigenicity process.
To complement our fluorescent differential display study and to compare changes of gene expression when transformed cells were exposed to the microenvironment in nude mice, protein expression profiles of mas over-expressing cells as well as tumor tissues were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry. The 2D-PAGE analysis showed that a similar but distinct protein expression profiles in mas-transfected cells and in mas-induced tumor. Mass spectrometry analysis identified several cancerous growth-related proteins and they are involved in processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, transcription and translation and cytoskeleton organization.
Lin Wenzhen.
"December 2005."
Adviser: Cheung Wing Tai.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6381.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-240).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
Buchteile zum Thema "Messenger RNA couple"
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Theodorakis, Nicholas G., und Don W. Cleveland. „Translationally Coupled Degradation of Tubulin mRNA“. In Control of Messenger RNA Stability, 219–38. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091652-1.50014-1.
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Majeed Shah, Ishteyaq, Mashooq Ahmad Dar, Kaiser Ahmad Bhat, Tashook Ahmad Dar, Fayaz Ahmad und Syed Mudasir Ahmad. „Long Non-Coding RNAs: Biogenesis, Mechanism of Action and Role in Different Biological and Pathological Processes“. In Recent Advances in Non-Coding RNAs [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104861.
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RNA or ribonucleic acid constitutes of nucleotides, which are ribose sugars coupled to nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups. Nitrogenous bases include adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and Transfer RNA are three main types of RNA that are involved in protein synthesis. Apart from its primary role in synthesis of protein, RNA comes in variety of forms like snRNA, miRNA, siRNA, antisense RNA, LncRNA etc., that are involved in DNA replication, post-transcriptional modification, and gene regulation etc. LncRNAs regulate gene expression by various ways including at, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational and epigenetic levels by interacting principally with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA. Among other biological functions, they are involved in chromatin remodelling, transcriptional interference, transcriptional activation, mRNA translation and RNA processing. In this chapter we shall be discussing the origin of lncRNAs, their biogenesis, their mechanism of action and their role in many biological and pathological processes like epigenetics, genome imprinting, several cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Salunga, Ranelle c., und Hongqing Guo. „Gene expression analysis via cDNA microarrays of laser capture microdissected cells from fixed tissue“. In DNA Microarrays, 121–38. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637775.003.0007.
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Abstract The enormous number of DNA and mRNA sequences available to researchers, coupled with cDNA microarray technology, now allows for gene expression to be studied on a massive scale. Using microarrays, thousands of genes from organisms such as S. cerevisiae (1, 2) and A. thaliana (3), as well as those from mammalian species (4), have been analysed. However, most methods that have been described to date have relied on acquiring microgram quantities of messenger RNA or poly(A) RNA from pure populations of cells, in order to synthesize cDNA probes (1-6).
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Tsareva, Jan Van Duin Nina. „Single-Stranded RNA Phages“. In The Bacteriophages, 175–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195168778.003.0015.
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Abstract The single-stranded RNA coliphages were discovered by Tim Loeb and Norton Zinder in 1961 as the result of a search for phages whose infection cycle depends on E. coli F-pili, normally used for bacterial conjugation. Loeb and Zinder plated filtered samples of raw New York City sewage on E. coli strains and screened for phages that would produce plaques on male (F) but not female (F-) bacteria. The first isolate, named f1, turned out to be a filamentous phage with a single-stranded DNA genome; the second isolate, named f2, was an RNA-containing phage. Since f2 made clear plaques, Loeb and Zinder decided to concentrate their work on this phage (107). f2 and close relatives such as MS2 and R17 represented a superb source of pure messenger RNA that could be produced in large amounts: up to 1013 phage particles per milliliter are made within a few hours after infection of bacterial cultures, and the phages can be easily purified. RNA phages also attracted attention because scientists were intrigued about how their RNA genomes were replicated.
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Duin, Jan Van, und Nina Tsareva. „Single-Stranded RNA Phages“. In The Bacteriophages, 175–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148503.003.0015.
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Abstract The single-stranded RNA coliphages were discovered by Tim Loeb and Norton Zinder in 1961 as the result ofa search for phages whose infection cycle depends on E. coli F-pili, normally used for bacterial conjugation. Loeb and Zinder plated filtered samples of raw New York City sewage on E. coli strains and screened for phages that would produce plaques on male (Fþ) but not female (F-) bacteria. The first isolate, named f1, turned out to be a filamentous phage with a single-stranded DNA genome; the second isolate, named f2, was an RNA-containing phage. Since f2 made clear plaques, Loeb and Zinder decided to concentrate their work on this phage (107). f2 and close relatives such as MS2 and R17 represented a superb source of pure messenger RNA that could be produced in large amounts: up to 1013 phage particles per milliliter are made within a few hours after infection of bacterial cultures, and the phages can be easily purified. RNA phages also attracted attention because scientists were intrigued about how their RNA genomes were replicated.Habitat Single-stranded RNA coliphages are found wherever E. coli lives, for example in the intestinal tract of man and other animals. Studies have shown that sewage samples worldwide contain from 102 up to 107 RNA phage particles per milliliter (26). For humans RNA phages are harmless creatures. Several other Gram-negative bacteria can propagate their own RNA phages.
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Fusco, Dahlene, Edouard Bertrand und Robert H. Singer. „Messenger RNA Imaging in Living Cells for Biomedical Research“. In Biomedical Optical Imaging, 102–19. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150445.003.0004.
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Abstract Recent advances in messenger RNA (mRNA) visualization technology have placed biomedical imaging at an interface between molecular biology and cellular biology. It is now increasingly possible to study in vivo gene expression at the transcript level. Analyses of mRNA expression, movement, interactions, and localization will enhance understanding of cellular responses to various conditions and will complement studies of protein expression. Live cell mRNA imaging technology can add new information about where and when transcription and translation occur, as well as provide a single cell expression profile that cannot be achieved with microchip or biochemical analyses. Simultaneous analysis of multiple transcription sites can provide a single cell profile of gene expression that can be linked precisely to cellular morphology (Levsky et al., 2002), and observation of these transcription sites in living cells will provide novel information about the time course of gene expression in normal and pathological samples.
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Chen, R., und D. Fink. „Computing the Structure of Large Complexes: Modeling the 16S Ribosoma RNA“. In Biological NMR Spectroscopy. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0025.
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Ribosomes are the sites of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation to protein, and thus are crucial to the normal functioning of all cells. These ribonucleoprotein particles are composed of a small (30S) subunit and a large (50S) subunit. The 30S subunit, in turn, is composed of a strand of RNA (16S rRNA) and 21 proteins ranging in molecular weight from 9 kD to 61 kD. Studies have demonstrated that ribosomal RNA is necessary for normal ribosome function and protein production (Dahlberg, 1989; Noller, 1991). In particular, 16S rRNA is essential for normal assembly and function of the 30S subunit, which is responsible for translation initiation (Hardestyand Kramer, 1985). Elucidating the structure of 16S rRNA could greatly aid our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for protein translation, and such basic structural information could ultimately have wide-ranging importance in fields such as pharmacology and drug design. Because of the difficulties associated with X-ray analysis of large complexes such as the ribosome (Eisenstein et al., 1991), high-resolution structural data for the 16S rRNA remain sparse. However, neutron diffraction studies have determined the relative positions of the 30S proteins (Capel et al., 1988), which, along with the reported 16S rRNA-protein interactions (Noller, 1991, Noller et al., unpublished; Brimacombe, 1991), enable low-resolution structural models—showing how the RNA associates with the protein components—to be built. Several studies have sought to take advantage of these structural data for the 308 subunit. Stern et al. have used interactive model building to produce a three-dimensional 16S rRNA structure (Stern et al., 1988). This method can produce viable models, but is hindered somewhat by subjectivity intrinsic to the process and by the nonexhaustive nature of its conformation search. Hubbard and Hearst have used distance geometry techniques to model the RNA structure, but did not incorporate neutron diffraction data on the protein positions (Hubbard and Hearst, 1991). Malhotra and Harvey have used an energy minimization technique to produce a set of possible conformations for 16S rRNA; their study, however, depends on electron microscopic studies on the molecule to provide initial information on surface topology (Malhotra, 1994).
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Gerfen, Charles R., W. Scott Young und Piers Emson. „In situ hybridization histochemistry with oligonucleotides for localization of messenger RNA in neurones“. In Experimental Neuroanatomy, 173–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199633265.003.0008.
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Abstract In situ hybridization histochemical (ISHH) localization of messenger RNA transcripts (mRNA) provides a powerful technique for characterizing the bio chemical phenotype of neurones in the brain (1). With the growing list of characterized mRNAs encoding proteins and neuropeptide precursors the utility of ISHH for the study of neural system organization and function has increased at a phenomenal rate. Included in the list of available probes are those directed against a variety of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide receptors, including G-protein coupled receptors and ion channel receptors, proteins of various signal transduction systems, neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes, and neuropeptides. It is thus possible with ISHH techniques to characterize neurones on the basis of their expression of neurotransmitter receptors, signal transduction systems linked to these receptors, and the neurotransmitter/neuropeptides they may use for synaptic signalling. When ISHH is combined with retrograde axonal tracing techniques the additional information of the neuroanatomical connections of neurones may be added to their neurochemical characteristics. Additionally, levels of mRNA transcripts in neurones are sometimes regulated either during development or in the adult by alterations in the functional state of the neurones. Quantitative ISHH techniques provide the ability to measure changes in levels of mRNA levels in neurones to determine the functional organization of neural systems. In this chapter methods of utilizing oligonucleotides for ISHH localization of mRNA transcripts in neurones will be detailed. Both radiolabelled and non radiolabelled oligonucleotide methods, combinations of these methods to detect two mRNAs in single histologic brain sections, and a method for quantifying relative levels of mRNAs in neurones will be described.
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Semenza, Gregg L. „Gene Expression and Transcriptional Regulation“. In Transcription Factors and Huinan Disease, 3–25. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195112399.003.0001.
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Abstract To ensure that the subsequent discussions of transcriptional regulation and molecular pathophysiology will be accessible to those not well versed in this literature, a brief overview will be presented first. Whereas molecular geneticists may wish to forgo this introductory course and proceed directly to the second half of the chapter (beginning with “The Transcription Initiation Complex”), the uninitiated should not do so until the definitions and organizing principles in the first three sections have been thoroughly digested. If additional introductory material is needed, a basic textbook in molecular biology should be consulted (e.g., Lewin, 1997). The most basic (and most misused) terminology in molecular genetics relates to gene structure (Fig. 1.1). For the purposes of this text a gene will be defined as a continuous, uninterrupted, chromosomal (genomic) DNA sequence that constitutes one (or more) transcription unit(s) from the (5’-most) transcription initiation site to the sequence corresponding to the (3’-most) polyadenylation site found in the transcribed messenger RNA(s) (mRNA). This somewhat cumbersome definition takes into ac count genes with multiple transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites. Sequences flanking the transcription unit(s) are referred to as 5’ and 3’-flanking sequences (5’-FS and 3’-FS). Because many cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements are located within flanking sequences, they are not formally considered part of the gene proper.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Messenger RNA couple"
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Verdugo, Anael, und Richard H. Rand. „Delay Differential Equations in the Dynamics of Gene Copying“. In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34214.
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We analyze a model of gene transcription and protein synthesis which has been previously presented in the biological literature. The model takes the form of an ODE (ordinary differential equation) coupled to a DDE (delay differential equation), the state variables being concentrations of messenger RNA and protein. The delay is assumed to depend on the concentration of mRNA and is therefore state-dependent. Linear analysis gives a critical time delay beyond which a periodic motion is born in a Hopf bifurcation. Lindstedt’s method is applied to the nonlinear system, resulting in closed form approximate expressions for the amplitude and frequency of oscillation.
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Wu, Q. Y., B. R. Bahnak, L. Coulombel, J. P. Caen, G. Pietu und D. Meyer. „VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR mRNA IS SEVERELY REDUCED IN PIGS WITH HOMOZYGOUS VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644113.
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Porcine von Willebrand disease (vWD), an autosomal recessive disorder, is similar to some of the severe forms of vWD in humans and is characterized by a prolonged bleeding time and very low or undetectable amounts of von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and activity in plasma, platelets and endothelial cells. The molecular events that control the lack of expression of vWF in the vWD pigs is not known and could be at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Lungs from normal and two homozygous vWD pigs were extracted immediately after harvesting of the animals and placed on dry ice. Tissues were homogenized in 6 M guanidinium thiocyanate and RNA isolated by centrifugation through cesium chloride. Total RNA was analyzed by Northern hybridization including dénaturation in glyoxal, electrophoresis in 1.0 % agarose-2.2 M formaldehyde gels and transfer onto nitrocellulose. Messenger RNA was detected with a nick-translated human vWF cDNA probe or a human actin control probe. The vWF probe, cloned from a human lung library, was 2,280 bp in length and spanned nucleotides 960 to 3,240 of the human cDNA. These human probes were considered valid to detect levels of porcine vWF and actin mRNA because they hybridized with restriction enzyme digested genomic DNA from normal and vWD pig leucocytes under conditions of high stringency. The size of the vWF mRNA in the normal pigs after Northern hybridization was approximately 9.0 kb, similar to that of human vWF mRNA, and was easily detectable at the lowest concentration of RNA blotted (5 ug). In contrast, vWF mRNA from vWD pigs was at the lower limit of detection even at 10 ug of total RNA blotted. Nevertheless, although at extremely low levels, vWF mRNA from vWD pigs appeared to be the same size as the normal mRNA. These results agree with observations on the relationship of vWF secreted from 24 hr. cultures of endothelial cells from the pulmonary artery of normal and vWD pigs where the vWF levels were 0.90 and 0.06 U/108 cells, respectively. Therefore, it appears that the very low expression of vWF in the vWD pigs is due to a lack of transcription of the vWF gene. At this time, however, turnover of unstable transcripts in the vWD pigs can not be ruled out.
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Weitz, C., Y. Miyake, K. Shinzato, E. Montag und J. Nathans. „Studies on the molecular genetics of tritanopia“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fm3.
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Tritanopia differs fundamentally from other inherited anomalies of color vision. Its autosomal dominant tranmission1 implies a mechanism unlike that of protanopia or deuteranopia. Because people with tritanopis lack a measurable blue-cone electroretinographic response,2 the defect is likely localized within blue-cone photoreceptors. These findings suggest that a mutant gene product actively interferes with blue-cone function or viability. Could a mutation in the gene encoding the blue-sensitive visual pigment3 be responsible for tritanopia? To test this hypothesis we have used the polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to screen for sequence variation in this gene in members of five families in which tritanopia appears in more than one generation. We have found three different single-nucleotide changes in affected members of four families that were not detected in control subjects of appropriate ancestry (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.003, respectively). Two of the changes encode different singleamino-acid substitutions and the third, a single-nucleotide deletion, disrupts a sequence likely to be important for proper splicing of messenger RNA. Expression studies of visual-pigment DNA constructs bearing these sequence alterations are in progress.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Messenger RNA couple"
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Levin, Ilan, John W. Scott, Moshe Lapidot und Moshe Reuveni. Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594406.bard.
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Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.