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1
Illinois. Technical Task Force on Community Mental Health Services. Findings and recommendations of the Technical Task Force on Community Mental Health Services: Report to the Governor of the State of Illinois and the Illinois General Assembly. [Springfield]: The Task Force, 1990.
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2
Heller, Tamar. Illinois closure project: Galesburg Mental Health Center closure's impact on facilities receiving developmentally disabled residents : final report. [Chicago]: Evaluation and Public Policy Program, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1986.
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Duncan, R. Bruce. The hidden viruses within you: Discover the new latent viral approach to body, mental, and functional illinesses. Wellington, N.Z: Viroprint, 1993.
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4
Gettings, Robert M. Utilizing medicaid dollars to finance services to Illinois citizens with developmental disabilities: A technical assistance report prepared for the Illinois Planning Council on Developmental Disabilities and the Illinois Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities. [Illinois]: The Council, 1991.
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1942-, Lightner David L., Hrsg. Asylum, prison, and poorhouse: The writings and reform work of Dorothea Dix in Illinois. Carbondale, Ill: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
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Illinois Guardianship and Advocacy Commission. Guardianship & Advocacy Commission. Springfield, Ill: Guardianship & Advocacy Commission, 1989.
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Illinois Guardianship and Advocacy Commission. Guardianship & Advocacy Commission. Chicago: The Commission, 1988.
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8
Lattimore, Barbara. 1989 1990 Mental Health Services Directory of Illinois Mental Health Association of Greater Chicago. Mental Health Assn of Greater, 1989.
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9
Herrick, Charlotte Anne. THE ROLE OF THE ILLINOIS COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH NURSE. 1985.
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Mehr, Joseph. An Illustrated History of Illinois Public Mental Health Services, 1847-2000. Trafford Publishing, 2003.
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11
McDaniels-Wilson, Cathy. The Psychological Aftereffects of Racialized Sexual Violence. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037900.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the psychological after effects of racialized sexual violence. Although few formal nineteenth-century records of mental illness, mental instability, or depression exist, written and oral slave narratives recount how “the entire life of the slave was hedged about with rules and regulations.” Samuel Cartwright, a well-known physician in the antebellum South, had a psychiatric explanation for runaway slaves, diagnosing them in 1851 as suffering from “drapetomania.” Classified as “a disease of the mind,” Cartwright defined drapetomania as a treatable and preventable condition that caused “negroes to run away.” Cartwright's published work established the foundation for “racism's historic impact” on black mental health. Indeed, Cartwright's pseudo-science, a potent mix of religion, pro-slavery politics, and medicine, forged a powerful connection between mental illness and race continued by subsequent generations of physicians and psychologists.
12
Perry, John H., M.A., Hrsg. Living with psychiatric disability and HIV/AIDS: Mental health consumers speak for themselves : the National Research and Training Center on Psychiatric Disability, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago. Chicago, Ill: The Center, 1997.
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13
Mitchell, W. J. T. Mental Traveler: A Father, a Son, and a Journey Through Schizophrenia. University of Chicago Press, 2020.
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14
Sica, Emanuele. A Prelude to Full Occupation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039850.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the city of Menton, a small area occupied by the Italian Army from 1940 to 1942. Menton became the primary locus of the Italianization campaign, which mirrored the Germanization efforts carried out in Alsace-Lorraine. The forced Italianization encompassed education and religion, but also touched other aspects of daily life in Menton. The chapter shows how Italy’s unofficial annexation of the area became controversial as Italian military authorities clashed with the country’s civil servants who endeavored to make Menton a city model of the new Fascist region. It also considers the entente between Italian soldiers and the French populace and the Italian authorities’ implementation of a more nuanced approach to the local population of Menton. It suggests that the failure of the Italianization campaign in Menton probably shaped the Italian military occupation policy of November 1942.
15
Siff, Stephen. Introducing LSD, 1953–1956. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039195.003.0003.
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This chapter studies the dramatic appearance of LSD on the news agenda in reports on scientific studies using drugs to simulate madness, and the concurrent discussion of mystical, mind-expanding drug use sparked by the publication of Aldous Huxley's Doors of Perception. In addressing these topics, journalists introduced American audiences to new drugs and to the use of drugs to create mental states considered to have significant scholarly and academic importance. Scholarly interest gave journalists license to describe drug states that previously had been considered inappropriate for public view. Reports in mainstream media outlets were followed quickly by even more sensational coverage in more marginal publications.
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Ty, Eleanor. Coda. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040887.003.0008.
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Mental health is still an unaddressed issue in Asian American families but there are serious attempts to make the public more aware of it. The works studied in Asianfail contribute to the growing awareness of our need to re-examine the "good life" -- its high cost and viability in the twenty-first century. Many Asian Americans and Asian Canadians have become involved in work for non-profit, for global environmental causes, with other groups, such as African Americans and First Nation Canadians. Their failure to conform to the model minority myth leads to new and unexpected ways of finding peace and contentment, or an unexplored career path.
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Cahill, Cathleen D. “An Indian Teacher among Indians”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037153.003.0014.
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Scholars have emphasized that policymakers designed the federal Indian school system to assimilate Native children and create a colonial labor force by training Native female students for primarily menial domestic labor. Inadvertently, these policies brought thousands of Native people into the Indian Service in both the white-collar and the menial sector. However, we know very little about them, why they took those jobs, and how they strategically used their positions. This chapter shows that Native women adapted to the changes wrought by the modern economy; but racially marked as Indians, they also struggled for economic and cultural survival in a hostile world. In order to access their voices, it draws upon fifty-five personnel files from the Indian School Service. Beginning in 1905 the Office of Indian Affairs kept individual files for each employee that afford an intimate portrayal of the everyday work lives of female personnel. Assembling personal and professional correspondence, efficiency reports, requests for transfers or retirement, and more, the files illuminate the occupational paths of these women.
18
Howard, Ella. New York Liberalism and the Fight against Homelessness. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036866.003.0006.
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This chapter uses the city of New York as a case study of the challenges facing liberals as they struggled to tailor their social policies to a political culture often hostile to public aid to the indigent. It traces the interaction of liberal policy making and the fortunes of those on the margins of society over the second half of the twentieth century. The chapter examines efforts to reform the behavior of the homeless as well as campaigns to renovate the areas in which they lived. New York liberalism shaped the development of urban renewal programs, substance abuse treatment programs, and mental health reform, and studying homelessness through that lens lends insight into an understanding of both liberal compassion and its limits.
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Behling, Robert James. ANIMAL PROGRAMS AND ANIMAL-ASSISTED THERAPY IN SKILLED AND INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES IN ILLINOIS (NURSING HOMES). 1990.
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Bingham, Robert. Like Drifting Snow My Head Falls. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039409.003.0009.
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In this chapter, the author focuses on the somatic activity of imaging, which has played an important role in his engagement with dance and performance. He describes the feeling in the body as images arise in the mind and the stories that these images tell through a first-person phenomenological narrative. In particular, he discusses the somatic dimensions of mental imaging, highlighting the fickle, unpredictable nature of images as well as their affinity with somatic awakenings. He also talks about the use of image as a means to bring the body’s voice to the page and to dance, along with his research that aims document dreamlike image experiences. He concludes that somatic image generation requires trust and compares images to his arms, which he claims can support a shift in his consciousness and help him connect to himself and beyond.
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Shome, Raka. White Femininity and Transnational Masculinit(ies). University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038730.003.0005.
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This chapter explores the relationship between white (national) femininity and transnational masculinities, particularly Muslim men, in the context of the Diana phenomenon. More specifically, it considers how mediated images of Muslim masculinity are often secured in relation to images of white women. Before discussing the Muslim men–white women dialectic, the chapter provides an overview of the British national context of the 1990s with regard to Muslims. It then examines how sexuality, sexual relations, and mental perversity function as optics through which the Muslim male is depicted in relation to white women in the Diana phenomenon and popular culture at large, paying attention to the dichotomy of the “good Muslim/bad Muslim.” Given white femininity's role in guarding and preserving racialized borders of the nation, the chapter also analyzes how the nation manages the racialized and nationalized anxieties caused by threats to that role. It shows that contemporary visual structures in the West often give meaning to Muslim men through the structure of white femininity.
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Timmermann, Marybeth, Übers. Preface to Abortion: A Law on Trial. The Bobigny Affair. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0029.
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On the exterior, this book resembles many others. It is, however, absolutely unusual. Never before have the proceedings of an abortion trial been brought to the public’s knowledge. The Choisir [To Choose] Association has decided to publish them in their entirety because these proceedings are not like any previous proceedings. It was not Ms. Chevalier who was being judged, but the law in whose name she appeared before the court. Women and men took the witness stand one after the other in order to indict a law which makes France appear as one of the most backward countries of our time, a law which is radically divorced from the collective conscience and from the facts since it is broken each year by close to a million French women. “When the daily practice in a country gets too far away from the jurisdiction, there is a major danger to the balance and general mental health of this collectivity,” Judge Casamayor has rightly written....
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Hazzard-Donald, Katrina. Traditional Religion in West Africa and in the New World. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037290.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the major manifestations of African traditional religion in the New World. It outlines significant general principles and practices carried to the Western Hemisphere by captive Africans from two regions, which inform West and Central West African religious practices as well as the major New World African religious manifestations establishing where Hoodoo fits in vis-à-vis the other New World syncretic religious forms. It considers the practice of spirit possession by a deity, spirit, or ancestor as part of West and Central West African religious tradition, and how it came to be observed in sacred contexts among African Americans in the United States in the twenty-first century. The chapter also examines the place of spiritual forces in herbal and naturopathic healing within the context of African traditional religion. Finally, it looks at the role of divination in the diagnosis of physical or mental illness in both traditional African society and in old plantation Hoodoo.
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Underwood, Doug. Trauma, News, and Narrative. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036408.003.0001.
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This book investigates the impact of trauma and coverage of violence on journalists, the subjects of their coverage, and their audience—including the possibility that journalists who have suffered early life stress (such as unhappy childhoods and distorted family relationships) may gravitate toward high-risk assignments, such as war reporting. It examines the sources and the consequences of traumatic experience in the lives of 150 journalist–literary figures in American and British history dating from the early 1700s to today—from Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift to Charles Dickens and Ernest Hemingway—and the traumatic events in their lives that can be viewed as contributing to their emotional struggles, the vicissitudes of their journalism careers, and their development as artists. It considers the ways that their experiences in journalism may have contributed to these writers' psychological stress and played a role in their mental health history. The book demonstrates how the intersection of journalism and fiction writing offers important insights about trauma's role in literary expression.
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Underwood, Doug. Depression, Drink, and Dissipation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036408.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the prevalence of alcoholism, substance abuse, depression, and general mental health symptoms among journalist–literary figures, along with the connections that can be made between addiction and compulsive behaviors and the experiences in journalism that may have helped to foster them. The stereotype of the hard-drinking journalist pervades the work of journalists that both celebrate and condemn the lifestyle of the journalistic personality. Ernest Hemingway's romanticizing of drinking in the 1926 novel The Sun Also Rises provides a tragic counterpoint to the story of his last years—that of a depressed and despairing writer suffering from alcoholic psychosis, trying in vain to rediscover his lost talent, and ultimately committing suicide. This chapter first considers the depression, anxiety, and aberrant behavior found among journalist–literary figures before discussing their excessive drinking, drug abuse, and dysfunctional lives. It also looks at twentieth-century journalists and writers with addictive and psychologically compulsive behaviors, such as Charles Bukowski, Brendan Behan, and Thomas Paine.
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Ty, Eleanor. Precarity and the Pursuit of Unhappiness. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040887.003.0002.
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This chapter examines three works by Japanese North American writers: Ruth Ozeki's A Tale for the Time Being,Mariko Tamaki's novella Cover Me, and her graphic novel Skim, illustrated by Jillian Tamaki. Though different in narrative style and technique, these three texts feature Japanese North American teens, who struggle with identity issues, family instability, self-esteem, and depression. The protagonists are unable to follow the kind of hard-working immigrant ethos of their parents; instead, they pursue what looks like a path to unhappiness, and suffer mental and physical consequences. Ozeki plays with the connectedness of geographical space, and uses postmodern devices to show global economic and social uncertainty; Mariko Tamaki uses the detached and ironic first-person point of view of a twenty-year old to critique our obsession with ownership and money. In Skim, verbal and visual techniques convey Skim's outsider status, her broken family, difficulties with her peers, and what Sara Ahmed calls the "happiness commandment."
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Cooper, L. Andrew. Dario Argento. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037092.003.0001.
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This book explores the extreme violence that pervades Dario Argento's films, and particularly the ways in which they push the limits of visual and auditory experience by offending, confusing, sickening, and baffling the viewers. It looks at Argento's approach to his work over more than four decades of filmmaking, and his commitment to innovation that is evident in two closely related genres whose disturbing violence reaches previously unrecorded levels of pain, suffering, and mental anguish: crime thriller and supernatural horror. From his directorial debut, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970), to Giallo (2009), Argento's films challenge a viewer's accepted ideas about film spectatorship, meaning, storytelling, and genre. This book also looks at the centrality of collaboration, particularly with family, in Argento's work by analyzing sixteen films that feature him as writer and director. Finally, it discusses how Argento's films function as rhetorical interventions against dominant views on film criticism, interpretation, narrative, and conventions through an examination of interpretive possibilities that connect the films to broader tendencies in film history.
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Johnson, Kevin B. Fascinations for the Nation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037689.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the delayed but still strong and lasting impression that Pearl White left on Czechoslovakia's critics, viewers, and avant-garde movement. Drawing on a series of articles in Czech periodicals from the late 1910s to the 1930s, it considers the issues presented by White and the American serial films regarding the international market, the need to come to terms with Hollywood's global reach, and the impact of glocalized Americana for local production. The chapter first looks at the sudden influx of American films in Czechoslovakia after World War I before discussing how America was perceived as a model of democracy and cultural modernity in the early years of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It then explores how White fueled the fantasies of the Czech populace as well as the ways that she was appropriated and re-imagined in the service of various discourses that spoke for the mental and physical well-being of the nation. It also analyzes White's Czech career within the context of larger issues related to spectatorship, film aesthetics, and the creation of star mythology.
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Underwood, Doug. Stories of Harm, Stories of Hazard. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036408.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the life stories of journalist–literary figures in the context of childhood history, mental health symptoms, and categories of traumatic experience that today are recognized as “triggers” of psychic conflict. More specifically, it considers the ways that journalists have coped with childhood stress and professional trauma throughout their careers. The chapter first explains the historical limitations of our understanding of trauma's role in the lives of early journalist–literary figures such as Charles Lamb, Walt Whitman, Bret Harte, and William Dean Howells before discussing religion as the early framework for understanding trauma and traumatized emotions. It then explores the link between trauma and the romantic movement, and between trauma and psychological writing, and proceeds with an analysis of psychological themes in the fiction of journalists, such as parental and family loss, abandonment, family breakup, and/or living with psychologically ill and/or alcoholic parents. It also outlines what novel writing could do that journalism did not in terms of conveying the emotional impact of traumatic experience.
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Underwood, Doug. New Challenges, New Treatments. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036408.003.0006.
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This epilogue considers the lessons that might be taken from the lives of journalist–literary figures that would be helpful to psychologists, journalists, and the researchers who study the impact of trauma, stress, and risk-taking experiences on today's journalists and their emotional well-being. It also examines some of the challenges confronting contemporary journalists and writers in the face of various economic, demographic, and technological pressures. In particular, it discusses the ways that digital computing is altering the traditional culture of journalism—for instance, the world of the newsroom and the activities of the professional journalist. It also looks at the implications of a host of other factors that assault our psyches, such as threats of terrorism, video and televised violence, fear of crime, increases in divorce and broken families, and illegal drug use and gang hostilities. Finally, it evaluates the prospects for new treatment options available to journalist–literary figures suffering from mental health disorders and other psychological effects of traumatic experience, including psychotropic drugs that combat depression and anxiety.
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Sica, Emanuele. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039850.003.0013.
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This conclusion evaluates the nature of Italy’s military occupation of France during World War II. It compares the occupation of Menton with the German occupations in Alsace-Lorraine and the Italian invasion of the French Riviera in November 1942 with the German occupation of the region from September 1943 to August 1944, and then contrasts it with the Italian occupations in the Balkans. It shows that the Italian occupation of the strip of land including Menton in the summer of 1940 bore some similarities with Germany’s occupation of Alsace-Lorraine. It also highlights the differences between the German and Italian occupation policies both in terms of breadth and enforcement. Finally, it argues that the worst enemy of Italian Army commanders in southeastern France was the low morale of their troops, stemming from the growing sense that the tide of war had irremediably turned against the Axis side by the fall of 1942.
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James, Edward. Disability and Genetic Modification. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039324.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the theme of disability, including attitudes toward disability and ideas about deviations from the bodily norm, that Bujold explores in her fictional work. While disability is rarely treated in science fiction and fantasy, it is ubiquitous in Bujold's work. Most visible is Miles Vorkosigan himself, whose fetus was damaged by an insurgent's attack and who struggles with his brittle bones and other problems throughout the early decades of his life. But to Miles can be added many other characters whose physical or mental disabilities are a crucial part of the narrative, from the brain-damaged Dubauer in Shards of Honor to the one-handed Dag in the Sharing Knife sequence, and Cazaril, with a mutilated hand and a demonic stomach tumor, in the first Chalion book. Bujold has declared that she was never writing books about issues: they are about character. The disabilities with which her characters have to cope “do not comprise the sums of their characters nor the reasons for their existences, but are just plot-things that happen to them and with which they must deal, daily or otherwise,” and she adds that the letters she gets from disabled readers suggest that they prefer that approach.
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Subramaniam, Banu, Hrsg. A Genealogy of Variation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038655.003.0003.
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This chapter traces the genealogy of variation, as shaped by Charles Darwin and his legacy of evolution by natural selection. It argues that tracing the history of variation through a naturecultural framework reveals the inherent underlying logic of eugenics. A naturecultural framework allows us to see that evolutionary biologists have long wrestled with some version of what we recognize as the nature/nurture debates. Furthermore, in chronicling this history, the chapter deals with the major figures, including the four patriarchs, or fathers, of the field: Darwin, the father of evolution; Galton, the father of biometry; Malthus, the father of demography; and Mendel, the father of genetics.
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Siff, Stephen. Research at the Intersection of Media and Medicine, 1957–1962. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039195.003.0005.
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This chapter explores cross-fertilization between researchers and media figures in the late 1950s, as LSD spread from controlled trials to the black market. News reporters gravitated toward research documenting astonishing results with LSD, even as those studies were becoming further removed from the scientific consensus about the drug. Scholars James Coleman, Elihu Katz, and Herbert Menzel launched the study of the diffusion of tetracycline that resulted in the landmark Medical Innovation, cementing the idea that innovations spread through interpersonal relationships. Allowing for a role for media in informing physicians of the existence of new drugs, the scholars emphasized the apparent importance of social relationships in spreading the determination to actually use them.
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Goodier, Susan. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037474.003.0008.
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that the anti-suffrage women in New York State were not mentally deranged or even women who simply followed the lead of their husbands or male relatives. Virtually all of them sincerely believed that suffrage was wrong for women, or that women generally needed more time to develop political capability. While their contentions were themselves idealistic, even outdated, anti-suffragists won enough of the battles to help prevent the granting of voting rights to women for seventy-two years. Anti-suffragists were vitally important to the suffrage movement for they provided an opportunity for suffragists to clarify their arguments and hone their political techniques, even influencing shifts in the ways suffragists presented their argument.
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Eller, Jonathan R. “Chrysalis”: Bradbury and Henry Kuttner. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036293.003.0012.
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This chapter examines how Henry Kuttner influenced Ray Bradbury as a writer. In terms of his overall development as a writer, Bradbury received his most intense mentoring from Kuttner. Although Bradbury correctly sensed that Kuttner believed in his potential and respected his enthusiasm, he never felt that Kuttner wanted to be a close friend. But Kuttner's surviving letters, written after he entered military service in early 1942, proved otherwise: they project a genuine friendship as well as growing professional respect. These letters document the first major opportunity for Bradbury as a science fiction author. This chapter considers Kuttner's role as mentor to Bradbury during his clash with Astounding editor John Campbell over Bradbury's story “Chrysalis” regarding length and narrative point of view.
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Ramirez-Valles, Jesus. The Formation of Gay and Trans Identities. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036446.003.0005.
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This chapter describes how compañeros came to call themselves gay or transgender. As with the Latino label, not all the activists refer to themselves as gay or transgender. Some call themselves queer, while others refer to themselves as either drag queens, women, or simply use female pronouns when talking about themselves. The life histories of these activists show that the adoption and construction of a gay and transgender identity is largely a sociocultural process in which peers, community organizations, and other socializing venues, such as bars and neighborhoods, play a central function. These activists adopt identities as gay or bisexual men and transgender as they meet compañeros: peers who share their experiences, mentor them, and support them to overcome the internalized stigma.
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Williams, Sonja D. Remembering. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.003.0001.
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This chapter recounts Richard Durham's memorial service at Rayner's funeral home in his hometown Chicago. Durham died unexpectedly of a heart attack on April 27, 1984, during a business trip in New York City. Among those who paid tribute to the complicated family man, friend, and mentor—as well as the writer and dedicated freedom fighter—were Durham's thirty-four-year-old son, Mark; one of Mark's uncles, his mother's oldest brother, Robert Davis; Pulitzer Prize–winning author Louis Terkel; and Margaret Burroughs, the visual artist, writer, and co-founder of the South Side's Du Sable Museum of African American History. Others who spoke fondly of Durham were journalist Vernon Jarrett and activists Ishmael Flory and Edward “Buzz” Palmer; the singer, actor, and activist Oscar Brown Jr.; and Harold Washington, Chicago's first black mayor. The final speaker was Durham's brother Earl Durham.
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Hicks, Michael, und Christian Asplund. Orpheus in Tennis Sneakers. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037061.003.0001.
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This chapter describes Wolff's childhood and formative years in the world of music. Born to cellist Kurt Wolff and his wife Helen in 1934, Christian Wolff grew up during an era of political unrest, which later culminated in the Second World War. Though born in France to German parents, Wolff would spend a significant part of his life in the United States, where he had begun an informal education in music, and where he would eventually study under his mentor John Cage, from whom Wolff would draw the fundamental ideas, habits, and relationships that would guide the rest of his compositional career. Here, the chapter shows how Wolff's early opus—which set the pattern for all his subsequent compositional periods—were formed and influenced through Cage's instruction. Yet the chapter shows that this influence proved reciprocal, with Wolff likewise leaving his own lasting impacts upon Cage's compositional career.
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Menne, Jeff. Francis Ford Coppola and the Underground Corporation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038822.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of Francis Ford Coppola's American Zoetrope. Taking a page from his mentor Roger Corman, Coppola gathered his film-school friends to form American Zoetrope, an off-Hollywood production firm that, like American International Pictures (AIP) before it, would make its way by setting up operations beyond the reach of the regulatory controls that had frozen young talent out of Hollywood. Coppola chose San Francisco for Zoetrope's base because it was an epicenter of the counterculture, and he wanted “bohemian life” to pervade the corporation. However, what kept Zoetrope from being another experiment for the New Communalists common enough then in and around San Francisco, was that the device organizing the endeavors of these like-minded friends was the corporation. They bent the device to their own ends, no doubt, but the effect was that corporate form partook of the informal energies on which the art world runs.
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Welsh, Mary Sue. One Step Ahead of the Sheriff. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037368.003.0005.
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This chapter details Edna Phillips' first concert season. On the Friday afternoon of her first concert, Phillips had no choice but to “head down the track without looking left or right, like a racehorse with blinders on.” There was nothing to do but steel herself and go forward. Much to her surprise, she made it through the concert without any gaffes. She didn't come in at a wrong place or get lost or lose count or commit any of the terrible errors she feared she might. While it is never easy for a newcomer in an organization to learn the routine under which it operates, for Phillips it was especially difficult. She did not have the luxury of serving under a first-chair player who might tell her how this or that was done or having any natural allies to mentor her. She had to learn most of the ins and outs of being a Philadelphia Orchestra member on her own.
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Smith, Christopher J. Long Island and the Lower East Side. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037764.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the creolizing maritime cultures of Long Island and Manhattan, two New York islands that directly shaped William Sidney Mount's personal and musical world. It reconstructs the environments that Mount knew and by which he was shaped, as a child and young adult in antebellum America. To this end, the chapter considers how influences from Long Island and Manhattan play out in the life of Mount, in that of his uncle and musical mentor Micah Hawkins, and in Hawkins's 1824 ballad opera The Saw-Mill, or, A Yankee Trick. It begins with a discussion of evidence of blackface minstrelsy's creole synthesis in the antebellum period by describing two festival performances, Pinkster and 'Lection Day, and during the Federalist period. It then assesses the creole synthesis in black Manhattan by focusing on the “African Grove” Theater, along with Mount's first works and new career path following the death of Hawkins. It concludes with a review of Mount's scenic painting Rustic Dance after a Sleigh Ride.
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Greene, Dana. Endings. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037108.003.0007.
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This chapter details the life and career of Denise Levertov from 1972 to 1975. This period was marked by critical endings for Levertov, an extraordinary time of emotional turmoil and confusion. Three centrifugal forces—the end of the Vietnam War, her break with mentor Robert Duncan, and her divorce from Mitch—could have overwhelmed her. In the end they did not. She survived, and haltingly searched for a new life. Two books of poetry appeared. Footprints (1972) and The Freeing of the Dust (1975) both attested to her longing for freedom and desire to leave the past behind, and a collection of essays, The Poet in the World (1973), established her preeminence in poetics. As she groped toward the future, Levertov carried a talisman with her, a new understanding of her name Denise. Previously she assumed Denise derived from the Greek “Dionysus.” Now to her delight she discovered that in Hebrew its origin was in “Daleth,” meaning “door,” “entrance, exit/way through of/giving and receiving.” Obliquely she began to live into this new self-understanding.
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Marovich, Robert M. “Move On Up a Little Higher”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039102.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on the explosion of gospel music recording in Chicago during the 1940s. One of the first Chicago gospel singers to record for an indie label in the immediate postwar period was Brother John Sellers. Meanwhile, his mentor, Mahalia Jackson, recorded the song “Move on Up a Little Higher,” for Apollo Records. This chapter examines some of the recordings made by Chicago gospel artists for Apollo Records, including the Roberta Martin Singers' “Old Ship of Zion,” as well as those by independent Chicago-based record companies like Hy-Tone Records. It also discusses the recordings of Rev. John Branham and the St. Paul Echoes of Eden Choir, Sallie Martin, and Louis Henry Ford and the St. Paul Church of God in Christ Choir. Finally, it considers the broadcasts of the Greater Harvest Baptist Church and the Forty-Fourth Street Baptist Church; the 1948 National Baptist Music Convention held in Houston, Texas; the Argo Singers; and gospel singing during the Religious Festival of Song, part of Chicago's annual Bud Billiken Parade.
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Sica, Emanuele. Countdown to War. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039850.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the eve of World War II, as the Italian Fascist regime embarked on a collision course against the French Third Republic over the question of the irredentist territories such as the County of Nice and colonies such as Tunisia. The Pact of Steel, signed on May 22, 1939, virtually tied the destiny of Italy to that of Adolf Hitler and Germany, and the Secret Supplementary Protocols forecasted an alliance in the eventuality of a war. However, Benito Mussolini was adamant with the Germans that no war should be started before 1942, realizing that in the summer of 1939, Italy and its armed forces were anything but prepared for war. This chapter shows that the Italian Army was not in line with Mussolini’s brazen threats to invade France, a truism demonstrated in his troops’ disastrous performance in the four-day Battle of the Alps in June 1940. The campaign resulted in a meager booty—the medium-size town of Menton and a few pastures—for Mussolini at the cost of ruining his country’s relations with France.
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Elizabeth Packard. University of Illinois Press, 2010.
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