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1
Burcar, Veronika, und Malin Åkerström. „Negotiating a Victim Identity: Young Men as Victims of Violence“. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 10, Nr. 1 (Mai 2009): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14043850902815073.
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Norris, Jeanette, und Lisa A. Cubbins. „Dating, Drinking, and Rape: Effects of Victim's and Assailant's Alcohol Consumption on Judgments of Their Behavior and Traits“. Psychology of Women Quarterly 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 1992): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00248.x.
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Effects of an acquaintance rape victim's and her assailant's alcohol consumption on judgments of their behavior and traits were examined in a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial experiment. Sixty-eight women and 64 men, 21 or older, read one of four stories in which only the victim, only the assailant, both victim and assailant, or neither victim nor assailant consumed alcohol. One individual difference trait, rape attitudes, was also measured. The interaction of victim and assailant drinking diminished the view that a rape had occurred and that the victim responded negatively, whereas it enhanced judgments of the assailant's likability and sexuality. The portrayal of only the victim drinking resulted in a more negative view of the assailant's behavior and traits. Evaluations of the victim depended on the assailant's drinking behavior rather than on her own. Implications for treatment of rape victims and establishing assailant accountability are discussed.
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George, William H., und Lorraine J. Martínez. „Victim Blaming in Rape: Effects of Victim and Perpetrator Race, Type of Rape, and Participant Racism“. Psychology of Women Quarterly 26, Nr. 2 (Juni 2002): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00049.
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Stereotypes about Black sexuality fostered hypotheses that racial factors and racism influence rape victim blaming. Predominantly White and Asian college students (170 men, 162 women) completed the Modern Racism Scale and evaluated a rape vignette varying victim race, perpetrator race, and rape type. As predicted, racial factors determined victim blaming. Compared to intraracial rapes, interracial rapes were less uniformly judged as “definitely rape” and were judged as having more culpable and less credible victims, and less culpable perpetrators. For men, racism scores positively predicted victim blaming in all rapes. For women, racism scores moderated victim blaming in interracial acquaintance rapes. In our conclusions, we emphasize the durability of racial stereotypes about rape and their influence on discriminatory adjudication outcomes.
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Lambert, Eric G., Brad Smith, James Geistman, Terry Cluse-Tolar und Shanhe Jiang. „Do Men and Women Differ in Their Perceptions of Stalking: An Exploratory Study Among College Students“. Violence and Victims 28, Nr. 2 (2013): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.09-201.
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Stalking is a crime that can terrify its victims and ultimately take a severe emotional toll. Although a growing body of research has examined stalking experiences and reactions of victims, there has been far less research on whether men and women differ in their perceptions of stalking. Toward this end, a survey of college students at a large public 4-year Midwestern university was undertaken. We examined differences in how men and women view stalking and whether gender differences were moderated by prior stalking experience. Specifically, we examined whether there were gender differences in perceptions of the pervasiveness of stalking, the harm stalking does, who tends to be stalked, if stalking mainly involves former relational partners, possible motivations for stalking, the line between courtship and stalking, and notions of victim blaming. We found significant differences in stalking views between men and women on all the measures, except for perceptions of the line between courtship and stalking. Women tended to perceive stalking as more pervasive and harmful. Men were more likely to perceive stalking as involving strangers and to blame the victim for the stalking. Female and male respondents also differed in their perceptions of motivations for stalking. Prior victim stalking experience did not moderate the gender differences. Although being a prior stalking victim had a significant association with 4 of the 7 stalking perception variables, its effect sizes were smaller than that of gender.
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Gravelin, Claire R., Monica Biernat und Matthew Baldwin. „The impact of power and powerlessness on blaming the victim of sexual assault“. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, Nr. 1 (09.06.2017): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217706741.
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Sexual assault is often described as motivated by power, yet there is relatively little experimental research investigating the effect of power (and powerlessness) on interpretations of a sexual assault. Two studies manipulated participants’ feelings of power prior to a thought-listing task about sexual assault victims (Study 1) or an evaluation of a case of sexual assault (Study 2). Among men, feelings of powerlessness led to reduced victim blaming, while powerlessness tended to increase victim blaming among women (Study 2). These results indicate that powerlessness has different implications for men and women, increasing men’s ability to take the perspective of a victim of sexual assault, but increasing women’s sense of threat and defensiveness. Both studies support a default status explanation for men such that feelings of powerlessness—a state that deviates from men’s typical high-power “default” status in society—increase perspective taking and thereby reduce victim blame. Among women, however, powerlessness may trigger a defensive response, resulting in greater blaming.
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Nicosia, Matthew. „A Series of Staggering Heartbreaks“. International Review of Qualitative Research 12, Nr. 2 (Mai 2019): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2019.12.2.179.
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Typically, the narrative surrounding intimate partner violence (IPV) involves men as perpetrators not victims. This is in part due to both low reporting from men and heteronormative expectations of masculinity. Furthermore, gay male victims are even less frequently discussed. In this autoethnographic article, I reflect on the power structure within violent same-sex relationships and the resulting loss of agency, self-worth, and personal identity victims experience. Because the conversation regarding IPV is often focused on the perpetrator rather than the victim, I intentionally leave the perpetrators anonymous and these experiences vague to instead focus attention on the trauma experienced by gay men. It is my hope this approach will render more intelligible the negotiations of agency, silence, and the performance of queer masculinity that victims experience. This article is neither about the act nor the perpetrator; rather it is about the response by and to the victim.
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McKelvie, Stuart J. „Effects of Sex of Judge and Sex of Victim on Recommended Punishment of a Male Murderer in a Mock Scenario“. Psychological Reports 91, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2002): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.533.
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Two samples of undergraduates (36 women, 7 men; 44 women, 45 men) read a mock transcript in which a murderer's victim was a man or a woman, after which they made prison sentence and death penalty judgments. Female judges gave longer sentences for the female victim than for the male victim, whereas male judges gave longer sentences for the male victim than for the female victim. This same-sex bias suggests that extralegal factors can affect judgments about sentencing.
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Abath, Marcella de Brito, Márcia Carréra Campos Leal, Djalma Agripino de Melo Filho und Ana Paula de Oliveira Marques. „Physical abuse of older people reported at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil“. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 26, Nr. 9 (September 2010): 1797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2010000900013.
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This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the profile of physical abuse against older people who underwent forensic examination at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The cases, with data from 1,027 forensic reports, were described according to characteristics of the incident, victim, and aggressor. Most cases of violence were produced by mechanical energy, either with blunt objects or by empty-handed attack; the most common day of the week was Sunday, most frequently in the evening, and in the victim's home; typical cases involved mild injuries on more than one part of the victim's body. The majority of the victims were men, 60 to 69 years of age, brown (mixed-race), married or living with a partner, and retirees/pensioners. The majority of the aggressors were men, known to the victim, and attacking alone. The social transcendence of violence against older people clearly calls for investment in programs to deal with the problem in order to ensure better quality of life for the elderly.
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Prokop, Pavol, und Ladislav Pekárik. „Men’s Perception of Raped Women: Test of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Hypothesis and the Cuckoldry Hypothesis“. European Journal of Ecology 2, Nr. 1 (01.06.2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eje-2016-0001.
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AbstractRape is a recurrent adaptive problem of female humans and females of a number of non-human animals. Rape has various physiological and reproductive costs to the victim. The costs of rape are furthermore exaggerated by social rejection and blaming of a victim, particularly by men. The negative perception of raped women by men has received little attention from an evolutionary perspective. Across two independent studies, we investigated whether the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (the STD hypothesis, Hypothesis 1) or paternity uncertainty (the cuckoldry hypothesis, Hypothesis 2) influence the negative perception of raped women by men. Raped women received lower attractiveness score than non-raped women, especially in long-term mate attractiveness score. The perceived attractiveness of raped women was not influenced by the presence of experimentally manipulated STD cues on faces of putative rapists. Women raped by three men received lower attractiveness score than women raped by one man. These results provide stronger support for the cuckoldry hypothesis (Hypothesis 2) than for the STD hypothesis (Hypothesis 1). Single men perceived raped women as more attractive than men in a committed relationship (Hypothesis 3), suggesting that the mating opportunities mediate men’s perception of victims of rape. Overall, our results suggest that the risk of cuckoldry underlie the negative perception of victims of rape by men rather than the fear of disease transmission.
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Smith, Hayden P. „Violent Crime and Victim Compensation: Implications for Social Justice“. Violence and Victims 21, Nr. 3 (Juni 2006): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.307.
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Restorative justice offers several innovative methods designed to heal the injury that the offender may have caused to the victim. One of these innovative methods is victim compensation, a form of income redistribution designed to redistribute wealth from offenders to victims of crime. Restitution, particularly through the Victim of Crime Act (VOCA), is a needs-based form of justice designed to assist the most needy victims of violent crime. Recent studies suggest that while state-level compensation programs may target poor, young, African American men, compensation at the national level tends to be received more by older, White women who experienced domestic violence. The author suggests that this disparity between state and local resource distribution in the allocation of victim compensation is a reflection of the ideological differences between the established theoretical frameworks of liberalism and radical feminism.
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Burgess, Ann W., Elizabeth B. Dowdell und Kathleen Brown. „The elderly rape victim: Stereotypes, perpetrators, and implications for practice“. Journal of Emergency Nursing 26, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2000): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/men.2000.110040.
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Katz, Jennifer, Samuel Colbert und Liane Colangelo. „Effects of Group Status and Victim Sex on Female Bystanders’ Responses to a Potential Party Rape“. Violence and Victims 30, Nr. 2 (2015): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00099.
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This research examined bystander responses to 1 of 4 potential party rape scenarios. Undergraduate women (N = 249) imagined attending a party either alone or with three friends where a sober man led an intoxicated potential victim (either male or female) into a bedroom. After random assignment to conditions, participants reported on intent to help and barriers to helping the potential victim. In contrast to the classic bystander effect, bystanders in groups intended to offer more help than lone bystanders. Bystanders also intended to offer more help to potential female than male victims and experienced more barriers to helping male victims. Two of these barriers (lack of personal responsibility to help and identifying risk) explained the lower intentions to help potential male victims. Potential male victims were more likely than female victims to be perceived as gay, and bystanders reported the least intentions to help presumably gay men at risk.
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Indriyana, Titik, und Choirul Ulil Albab. „Blaming the victim: Representation the victim of rape in M.F.A film“. Informasi 50, Nr. 1 (04.08.2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/informasi.v50i1.27861.
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The media in representing rape victims is still gender biased, such as blaming the victim. This study aims to find out how female victims of rape are shown in the M.F.A film by using semiotics to analyze the structure and ideology contained in the text. The theory used by researchers to analyze texts (M.F.A.) is the concept of radical feminism. The results of the research show in the M.F.A. film, women are shown as sexual objects of men. Women are represented as having to accept anything, including their fate when raped by men. They are not given the strength to resist and only accept it. Even in the eyes of the public and the law, women who are rape victims are still weak and are actually cornered (Blaming the Victim). Reports of rape are considered fabricated and have no strong evidence. In the film M.F.A. women who demanded their rights were silenced, by patriarchal ideologies. What's worse is the silence of a woman, because they have been hegemony in patriarchal ideologyMedia dalam merepresentasikan korban perkosaanmasih bias gender. Bahkan menyalahkan korban (Blaming The Victim). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perempuan korban perkosaan ditampilkan dalam film M.F.A dengan menggunakan semiotika untuk menganalisis struktur dan ideologi yang terdapat di dalam teks. Konsep yang digunakan peneliti untuk menganalisis teks (Film M.F.A.) adalah feminisme radikal. Feminis radikal berpendapat, perempuan harus memiliki kendali atas tubuh mereka.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam Film M.F.A., perempuan diperlihatkan sebagai objek seksual dari laki-laki. Perempuan direpresentasikan harus menerima apapun, termasuk nasibnya ketika diperkosa oleh laki-laki. Mereka tidak diberikan kekuatan untuk melawan dan hanya menerimanya. Di mata masyarakat dan hukum pun, perempuan korban perkosaan masih lemah dan justru disudutkan (Blaming the Victim). Laporan mengenai perkosaan dianggap mengada-ada dan tidak memiliki bukti yang kuat. Dalam Film M.F.A. perempuan yang menuntut hak-haknya dibungkam, oleh ideologi-ideologi patriarki. Yang lebih parah lagi adalah yang membungkam juga seorang perempuan, karena mereka telah terhegemoni ideologi patriarki.
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Meutia, Deni. „The Democratic Republic of Congo: Endeavoring Women Empowerment after a War of Rape“. Nation State Journal of International Studies 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.2018v1i1.87.
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This paper analyzed the use of rape as a weapon in Democratic Republic of Congo conflict zone. Rape usually used by the arm group to weaken their enemy. This strategy did not only targeted to women but also men. Rape gave different effect toward women and men. The purpose of this paper is to explain how rape become the weapon of conflict and their effect to the victims, even men and woman. Feminist perspective used in this paper. In the end, the author found that women have a way to overcome the effect and impact of rape better than men do. Social structure, which placed men in the upper side of women, made the effect and impact on the men who experienced rape victim hard to release their suffering. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to show how women and men could manage their self as a victim in the conflict zone.
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McKenzie, Barbara J., und Peter Calder. „Factors Related to Attribution of Blame in Father-Daughter Incest“. Psychological Reports 73, Nr. 3_suppl (Dezember 1993): 1111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1111.
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Attribution of blame in father-daughter incest using the Jackson Incest Blame Scale and the Attitudes Towards Incest Scale—Revised was investigated through a questionnaire mailed to a random sample of the general adult population. 300 respondents completed the questionnaires (207 women, 93 men). Based on factor analyses, five blame subscales were identified for the Jackson Incest Blame Scale, i.e., Victim, Situational, Societal, Offender, and Offender Mental Status, the last being unique to this study. Ratings by men attributed more blame on the Victim and Situational subscales than did those by women. Scores for 51 victims of childhood sexual abuse on the Jackson Incest Blame Scale did not differ from those of 249 nonvictims. Scores on subscales of the Attitudes Towards Incest Scale—Revised (Credibility, Power, Parental Role, Victimization) were moderately correlated with ratings on Jackson's scale. More total blame and more blame of victim were associated with lower rated credibility towards a claim of incest; lower rated blame of victim was related to greater recognition of the incestuous father's coercive role.
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Kehayes, Ivy-Lee L., Amanda Hudson, Kara Thompson, Christine Wekerle, Heather Stuart, Keith Dobson, Terry Krupa und Sherry H. Stewart. „The Consequences of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Victimization in Male and Female College Students“. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 37, Nr. 3 (01.11.2018): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2018-014.
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Alcohol intoxication is often involved for both victims and perpetrators of sexual victimization. Yet, alcohol-involved sexual victimization research has mainly focused on female victims, excluding male victims. The current study addresses gaps in the literature by focusing on sex differences in the emotional harms (anxiety and depression symptomatology) experienced by sexual victimization victims when either the perpetrator or victim was drinking. Five-hundred-and-ten undergraduate drinkers (153 male; 357 female) participated. Models included two dichotomized predictors that occurred during participants’ first year of university (sexually victimized when the victim was drinking, sexually victimized by someone who was drinking), and two emotional outcomes (anxiety, depression). Age was controlled in all path analyses and sex was examined as a moderator. When predictors were examined in separate models, both predictors were associated with increased anxiety but not depression. These effects were significantly stronger among men. When both predictors were entered simultaneously, individuals who were victimized by someone drinking displayed increased anxiety, and this relationship was stronger among men than women victims. Being victimized when drinking was no longer associated with anxiety, consistent with prior findings that post-traumatic distress may be minimized when a trauma occurs while the victim is intoxicated. Results highlight the impact sexual victimization can have for both male and female victims, and point to the need for evidence-based policies to prevent emotional second-hand alcohol harms among male and female students alike.
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RUBACK, R. BARRY. „Advice to Crime Victims:“. Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1994): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021004003.
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There is consistent evidence from a variety of sources that crime victims' reporting decisions are influenced by others. The present studies extended this prior work by surveying two statewide stratified random samples ( ns = 817 and 832). In Study 1, of 148 respondents who said a family member had been a victim of sexual assault, domestic assault, or robbery, only 65% said that they had advised the victims to report the crime, and women were significantly more likely to advise reporting domestic assault than were men. In both Study 1 and Study 2, respondents were asked about the appropriateness of reporting specific crimes to the police. Based on both within-and between-respondent questions, it appears that reporting advice is contingent on several factors: the seriousness of the offense, the gender of the victim, the victim-offender relationship, and the gender of the respondent.
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Kothari, Catherine L., Thomas Rohs, Scott Davidson, Rashmi U. Kothari, Carrie Klein, Amy Koestner, Mican DeBoer, Rita Cox und Kim Kutzko. „Emergency Department Visits and Injury Hospitalizations for Female and Male Victims and Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence“. Advances in Emergency Medicine 2015 (22.11.2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/502703.
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Introduction. The potential for hospital-based interventions for male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) as well as adult perpetrators of both genders has been largely unexplored despite early evidence of acute-care utilization that may be as high as female victims. The current investigation compared the emergency department (ED) and injury-related-hospitalization rates of IPV-involved individuals against standardized national norms, assessing differences by gender and victim/perpetrator-status. Methods. This cross-sectional study collected one-year ED and in-patient visit data from hospital records for individuals listed as victim or perpetrator in an IPV criminal charging request in a Midwestern county (N=2,937). Expected rates were calculated based upon age-adjusted national norms. Results. The IPV-involved population generated ED rates 4.1 times higher than expected and injury-related-hospitalization rates that were 4.0 times higher than expected. Bi-directionally-violent individuals (both victim and perpetrator in IPV charges) consistently had the highest utilization rates (ED 8.4 RR, injury-hospitalization 22.5 RR). Victims, primarily female, had higher ED-visits than perpetrators, primarily male (victims = 4.6 RR, perpetrator = 3.1 RR). Perpetrators, though, had higher injury hospitalizations (victims = 0.8RR, perpetrators = 5.5 RR). Conclusions. Substantial opportunities exist within acute-care medical settings to intervene with IPV-involved women, men, victims, and perpetrators, although the magnitude of the opportunity varied by setting, gender and victim/perpetrator-status.
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Dolan, Mairead, Olivia Guly, Peter Woods und Rachael Fullam. „Child Homicide“. Medicine, Science and the Law 43, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.43.2.153.
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Between 1967 and 1988, 69 cases of single perpetrator/single victim child homicide resulted in remands into custody in the Yorkshire region. Sixty-four of these cases were examined retrospectively to identify the characteristics of the perpetrators and of victims under 16 years, the relationship of the victim to the accused and the circumstances of the offence. Sixty-four men singly accused of killing a single child victim are described in detail. They were characterized by relatively young age and a lack of long-term stable relationships. Previous psychiatric contact and/or a history of self-harm was noted in one-third of cases. Over half of the group had a criminal record and previous violence to children was noted in 28% of cases. Fathers or surrogate fathers accounted for nearly two-thirds of the accused. In terms of the victims, children under six months were at greatest risk. Nearly one-third of victims were the biological offspring of the accused. Sexually motivated homicide accounted for approximately 18.7% of deaths. Victim behaviours and domestic disharmony acted as precipitants in 64% of the cases, with 54.7% of the victims dying as a result of physical beatings. Alcohol consumption at the material time was more common than noted in previous studies of child homicide.
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Bongiorno, Renata, Chloe Langbroek, Paul G. Bain, Michelle Ting und Michelle K. Ryan. „Why Women Are Blamed for Being Sexually Harassed: The Effects of Empathy for Female Victims and Male Perpetrators“. Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, Nr. 1 (18.08.2019): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319868730.
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The #MeToo movement has highlighted the widespread problem of men’s sexual harassment of women. Women are typically reluctant to make a sexual-harassment complaint and often encounter victim-blaming attitudes when they do, especially from men. Informed by the social identity perspective, two experiments examined the influence of empathy—both for women who are sexually harassed and for male harassers—on men’s and women’s propensity to blame victims. In Study 1, university students ( N = 97) responded to a vignette describing a male student’s harassment of a female student. Men blamed the victim more than women, which was explained by their greater empathy for the male perpetrator but not lesser empathy for the female victim. Using the same vignette, Study 2 asked university students ( N = 135) to take either the male perpetrator’s or the female victim’s perspective. Regardless of participant gender, participants who took the male-perpetrator’s perspective versus the female-victim’s perspective reported greater victim blame, and this was explained by their greater empathy for the male perpetrator and lesser empathy for the female victim. Together, the findings provide evidence to suggest that male-perpetrator empathy may be equally or more important than female-victim empathy for explaining victim blame for sexual harassment. Implications for social change, including policies to limit the effects of male-perpetrator empathy when responding to sexual-harassment complaints are discussed. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319868730
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Kormos, Katherine C., Dean C. White und Charles I. Brooks. „Sex Differences in Rated Seriousness of Crimes“. Psychological Reports 70, Nr. 3 (Juni 1992): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.867.
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61 male and 84 female college students completed a 25-item “Attitudes Toward Crime” survey designed to examine ratings of seriousness of crimes. In the survey, the perpetrator of the crime was always a male, but the victim was either a male or a female. Also, subjects compared the seriousness of the crimes with respect to harmful psychological consequences for the victim versus harmful consequences for society at large. Analysis showed a same-sex bias which varied with the type of harm. Men saw little harm to society compared to women, but only when the victim was a man. When individual harm was the issue, however, women saw more harmful consequences than men, but only when the victim was a woman.
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Copic, Sanja, und Jasmina Nikolic. „Service for victims of crime VDS info and victims’ support: Analysis of the previous work“. Temida 7, Nr. 3 (2004): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0403017c.
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The first victim support service in our country VDS info and victims? support started with its work in April 2003 within the Victimology Society of Serbia. This service is aimed at victims of crime (women and men), primarily at victims of violent crime, but also of some forms of property crime (such as burglary). The aim of the Service is to offer victims of crime information on their rights and the ways of how to realize them, emotional support, as well as to refer them to other institutions/organizations depending on the certain victim?s needs. Coordinators and volunteers, who passed the appropriate training, are responsible for that. Bearing that in mind, this paper will give the brief glens on the Service itself, its organization and the way of work, followed by the analysis of the results of previous work.
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Morton, Emma, Carol W. Runyan, Kathryn E. Moracco und John Butts. „Partner Homicide-Suicide Involving Female Homicide Victims: A Population- Based Study in North Carolina, 1988–1992“. Violence and Victims 13, Nr. 2 (Januar 1998): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.2.91.
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Homicide-suicide is a form of fatal violence in which an individual commits homicide and subsequently kills him- or herself. One hundred and sixteen homicide-suicide events involving 119 female homicide victims in North Carolina from 1988-1992 were identified through state medical examiner files. Case files were reviewed retrospectively to identify event characteristics, precursors, and typologies. In 86% of cases the perpetrator was the current or former partner of the victim. During the study period, 24% of men who killed their female partners in North Carolina subsequently committed suicide and another 3% attempted suicide but survived. Victim separation from the perpetrator was the most prevalent precursor (41%), followed by a history of domestic violence (29%). In nearly half of the cases with a history of domestic violence, the victim had previously sought protection from the perpetrator in the form of an arrest warrant, restraining order, or intervention by a law enforcement officer. Children of the victim (and/or perpetrator) witnessed the homicide-suicide, were in the immediate vicinity, found their parents’ bodies, or were killed, in 43% of cases. The prevalence of separation and domestic violence suggests several potential points of intervention, including stronger domestic violence legislation. Future research should place priority on assessing the impact of partner homicidesuicides on the families in which they occur. Such studies are essential for the informed development of preventive and therapeutic interventions for the families of both the victims and perpetrators of these fatal events. In addition, research focused on assisting men in coping with issues of control and separation is needed.
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Terrance,, Cheryl A., Karyn M. Plumm, und Shea A. Thomas,. „Perceptions of Domestic Violence in Heterosexual Relationships: Impact of Victim Gender and History of Response“. Partner Abuse 2, Nr. 2 (2011): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.2.2.208.
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Within the context of a heterosexual relationship, participants (n= 197) read a police interview involving a claim of domestic violence that varied the gender of the victim. Within gender conditions, the victim’s previous history of response to the violence, and on the evening in question, was portrayed as either passive or active (i.e., fought back). Results support the notion of a prototypical domestic violence victim that has emerged within a gendered framework. Overall, the female victim was perceived in a more sympathetic light than the male victim was. Interaction effects showed that men, but not women, rated the male victim as more responsible for the assault than the female victim. Participant gender effects indicated that women rated the victim and their claim of victimization more favorably than men did. Implications within the courtroom are discussed.
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Johnson, James D., Len Lecci und John Dovidio. „Black Intragroup Empathic Responding to Police Interracial Violence: Effects of Victim Stereotypicality and Blacks’ Racial Identification“. Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, Nr. 5 (11.07.2019): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619859316.
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Despite the public outrage in response to police violence against unarmed Black men, work on the psychological dynamics of reactions to these incidents is relatively rare. The present research examined whether empathy for a Black male victim of White police interracial violence would vary as a function of victim stereotypicality (stereotypic/counterstereotypic) and Black participant racial identity. In Study 1, 140 Black participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). As hypothesized, Black participants low in racial identification reported less empathy for the stereotypical relative to the counterstereotypical victim. Those high in racial identification showed relatively high levels of empathy regardless of the characteristics of the Black victim. Study 2 replicated these effects with 263 Black MTurk participants. This research highlights the value of considering individual differences in the Black observers (racial identification) and the characteristics of Black victims to better understand the psychological processes involved in intragroup responses to police violence.
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Aust, Charles F., und Dolf Zillmann. „Effects of Victim Exemplification in Television News on Viewer Perception of Social Issues“. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 787–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300403.
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Two broadcast news stories were manipulated to show victimization (food poisoning, handgun violence) in one of three versions: without victim exemplification, with exemplification by unemotional victims, and with exemplification by highly emotional victims. Male and female respondents, whose empathic sensitivity had been predetermined, recorded their own perceptions of each issue addressed: its severity as a national problem, the likelihood of it becoming a local problem, and the likelihood that they themselves might be placed at risk. They also indicated their reaction to each news story. Emotional victim exemplification fostered perceptions of greater problem severity than unemotional and no victim exemplification. Additionally, emotional victim exemplification, compared with no exemplification, fostered perceptions of increased victimization risk to self, whereas unemotional victim exemplification failed to do so. Empathic sensitivity did not interact with exemplar emotionality, but produced a main effect. Highly empathic persons perceived the severity of danger and risk to themselves as greater than did less empathic persons. Respondent gender similarly produced a main effect without interacting with exemplar emotionality. Female respondents assessed all dangers and risks as higher than did their male counterparts. Finally, exposure to emotional exemplification, but not unemotional exemplification, fostered reports of greater distress reactions than did exposure to the news stories without exemplification. Women reported greater distress than did men, and highly empathic persons reported greater distress than did less empathic persons.
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Plummer, Malory, und Annie Cossins. „The Cycle of Abuse: When Victims Become Offenders“. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, Nr. 3 (19.07.2016): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016659487.
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Various psychological theories exist in the literature to explain the behavior of men who commit child sex offences, including the belief that child sexual abuse (CSA) is a predisposing factor for the transition from victim to offender. These theories are, however, unable to explain the fact that while most victims of CSA are female, most perpetrators of CSA are male. The sex specificity of CSA in terms of victims and offenders suggests that the experience of CSA and its psychosocial effects may be different for boys, compared to girls. We hypothesize that CSA experiences may involve risk factors that affect the development of sexually abusive behavior for boys, rather than girls. Our aim was to determine whether the literature provides evidence of a cycle of abuse from victim to offender, and, if so, to document its characteristics. We undertook a comprehensive literature review of studies on both victims and offenders, including studies which revealed the following: age of onset of CSA, duration of abuse, gender of the abuser, the relationship between victim and abuser, grooming behaviors, the types and severity of abuse, and disclosure of abuse. While we found no evidence for the existence of a cycle of abuse for female CSA victims, we discovered evidence to support the existence of a cycle of abuse for male CSA victims who had experienced particular abuse characteristics. As an original contribution to the literature, we identified four factors that may be associated with a boy’s transition from victim to offender as well as the methodological issues to be addressed in future research. Based on criminological theories, we argue that these four factors share a common theme, that is, that they represent experiences of power (for the abuser) and powerlessness (for the victim).
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Allen, Mary J., und Debbi Miller Gutierrez. „University Students' Support for Heterosexual Women with Aids“. Psychological Reports 65, Nr. 1 (August 1989): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.171.
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Support for a woman heterosexual AIDS victim was examined among 237 university students, 54% female and 54% upper division, with a mean age of 23.7 yr. A questionnaire containing one of four scenarios (AIDS resulting from unsafe sex, unsafe drug use, sex with an unfaithful husband, or a blood transfusion) measured support by people's willingness to sign or circulate a petition supporting the victim's right to attend college classes. A five-way mixed-design analysis of variance showed that victims who took risks received less support, that respondents were more willing to sign than to circulate a petition, and, while men did not discriminate among the four scenarios, women were most likely to offer support to “innocent” victims who contracted AIDS without sexual behavior. In addition, respondents who knew someone with AIDS were more likely to sign the petition. AIDS, particularly when contracted through risky behavior, is a disease with social ramifications beyond its threat to public health.
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Plackowski, Emily, Debra Hull und John Hull. „Perceptions of Sexual Violence in Dating Relationships: Presentation Medium and Couple Characteristics“. International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, Nr. 6 (22.10.2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i6.4936.
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Undergraduate students evaluated scenarios depicting violence in a long-term dating relationship—in either video or written form, and involving either a male or female aggressor in either a same- or other-gender relationship. Other than the genders of the victims and assailants, the details of the scenarios were identical. Results showed that participants rated written scenarios as more powerful than video scenarios and believed that sexual assault was more likely to have happened in the written than in the video scenarios. Compared to men, women were more emotionally impacted by the scenarios, thought sexual assault was more likely to have happened, were more likely to think the aggressor wanted to have sex with the victim, and were less likely to think the victim wanted to have sex with the aggressor. Participants who rated other-sex scenarios thought sexual assault was more likely to have occurred, that the aggressor more likely wanted to have sex with the victim, and that the victim less likely wanted to have sex with the aggressor than those rating same-sex scenarios. When women were portrayed as the victims, regardless of relationship type, the scenario was more emotionally evocative. On average, participants strongly agreed that sexual assault had occurred in each of the scenarios.
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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna, Marina Kovacevic und Sanja Copic. „Victimization and experience of crime victims with state institutions: The analysis of VDS info and victim support service’s data“. Temida 9, Nr. 2 (2006): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0602011n.
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This paper aims to identify the types and characteristics of primary and secondary victimization faced by the victims who turned to the VDS info and victims support service for assistance, with particular emphasis on their experience with governmental institutions as well as the assistance and support they received from the Service. In 2005, VDS info and victim support service received totally 452 calls from 94 persons, namely from 76 women and 18 men. In this paper, the data of VDS info and victim support service for the period from 1st July until 31st December 2005 are analyzed. This particular period has been chosen since it was the first period for which data were registered and processed by using a specially constructed questionnaire and specific methodology of data entry and processing.
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Buunk, Abraham P., Silvia Franco, Pieternel Dijkstra und Rosario Zurriaga. „Mobbing in Schools and Hospitals in Uruguay“. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, Nr. 5 (10.07.2016): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515625903.
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In the present study in secondary schools and hospitals in Uruguay ( N = 187), we examined the relationship between feeling the victim of mobbing and a perceived loss of status. Nearly all forms of mobbing were more prevalent among hospital employees than among school employees. Among hospital employees, 40.4%, and among school employees, 23.9% reported being the victim of mobbing at least once a week. Being the victim of mobbing was, in both hospitals and schools, more prevalent among older employees, and in hospitals, among employees who were more highly educated and who had been employed for a longer time. Men and women did not differ in reporting that one was a victim of mobbing, but men reported more perceived loss of status than women. However, among women, being the victim of mobbing was much more strongly related to experiencing a loss of status than among men. Several explanations for this gender difference and the practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
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Tjaden, Patricia, Nancy Thoennes und Christine J. Allison. „Comparing Stalking Victimization From Legal and Victim Perspectives“. Violence and Victims 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.1.7.
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Because stalking has only recently been recognized as a serious social problem and criminal justice concern, it is not surprising that there is little consensus among lawmakers about what constitutes stalking. To further understanding of how legal definitions and victim definitions of stalking intersect and diverge, this study compares stalking prevalence using a definition of stalking that is based on the model antistalking code for states developed by the Federal government versus a definition of stalking that is victim delineated. Data for the study come from a national telephone survey that queried 8,000 men and 8,000 women about their experiences with stalking victimization using both direct questions that contained the word “stalking” and behaviorally specific questions. Results show that prevalence estimates increase when respondents are allowed to self-define stalking victimization. However, victim definitions of stalking tend to converge with the model antistalking code’s definition of stalking in the vast majority of cases. Only 4% of survey respondents defined themselves as stalking victims but failed to meet the legal definition of a stalking victim. A negligible proportion denied being stalked despite the fact they met the legal definition of a stalking victim.
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Schuster, Isabell, und Barbara Krahé. „Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in Chile: A Systematic Review“. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, Nr. 2 (14.03.2017): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017697307.
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Sexual aggression is a major public health issue worldwide, but most knowledge is derived from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Little research has been conducted on the prevalence of sexual aggression in developing countries, including Chile. This article presents the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among women and men in Chile. Furthermore, it reports differences in prevalence rates in relation to victim and perpetrator characteristics and victim–perpetrator relationships. A total of N = 28 studies were identified by a three-stage literature search, including the screening of academic databases, publications of Chilean institutions, and reference lists. A great heterogeneity was found for prevalence rates of sexual victimization, ranging between 1.0% and 51.9% for women and 0.4% and 48.0% for men. Only four studies provided perpetration rates, which varied between 0.8% and 26.8% for men and 0.0% and 16.5% for women. No consistent evidence emerged for differences in victimization rates in relation to victims’ gender, age, and education. Perpetrators were more likely to be persons known to the victim. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies are discussed as reasons for the great variability in prevalence rates, and recommendations are provided for a more harmonized and gender-inclusive approach for future research on sexual aggression in Chile.
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Carthy, Nikki L., Elizabeth A. Bates und Nicoletta Policek. „Promoting Inclusivity in Intimate Partner Abuse Research: Exploring Gender and Age“. Partner Abuse 10, Nr. 3 (21.06.2019): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.10.3.359.
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Scholarship of intimate partner abuse is heavily dominated by a gendered paradigm that has strongly impacted on the development and delivery of services and treatment programs; however it is not inclusive to all victim and perpetrator groups. The gendered viewpoint of the male abuser and female victim is critiqued by identifying gender differences in intimate partner abuse research, and the impact this has on male victims. A further critique challenges the dominant research trend that has favored working with younger victims and perpetrators, with an analysis of the impact and issues for older adults and their help-seeking. Implications for practice are discussed. The lack of support services for male victims and older adults is identified, as well as the focus of treatment practice on the male abuser. Finally, an argument to support more vulnerable groups such as older men who are absent within intimate partner abuse literature and service development is presented.
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BARRACLOUGH, BRIAN, und E. CLARE HARRIS. „Suicide preceded by murder: the epidemiology of homicide–suicide in England and Wales 1988–92“. Psychological Medicine 32, Nr. 4 (Mai 2002): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005500.
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Background. We describe for the first time the epidemiology of homicide–suicide incidents for England and Wales. Previous descriptions have been of incidents in London (1946–62) and Yorkshire and Humberside (1975–1992).Methods. Death certificates were obtained for all who died in homicide–suicide incidents in England and Wales (1988–1992) that were reported by the police to the Home Office. Incidents were included in the analysis if the interval between death or fatal injury of victim and suspect was 3 or fewer days.Results. Three hundred and twenty-seven people died in 144 incidents (180 victims and 147 suspects). Eighty per cent of incidents had one victim and one suspect. Three incidents were also suicide pacts between two suspects killing their children. Eighty-eight per cent of incidents exclusively involved members of the same family, 9% acquaintances or strangers, and 3% both family and acquaintances or strangers. Seventy-five per cent of victims were female, 85% of suspects male. The victims of male suspects were predominantly their womenfolk, past and present, and their children, and of female suspects their young children. Car exhaust and firearms accounted for 40% of victim and 50% of suspect deaths. Of all homicides during 1988–1992, 3% of male, 11% of female and 19% of child deaths occurred in homicide–suicide incidents. Similarly, of all suicides, 0·8% of male and 0·4% of female deaths occurred in homicide–suicide incidents.Conclusions. Homicide–suicide in England and Wales is mostly ‘a family matter’, men of predominantly lower social class killing their kin, and pre-menopausal mothers their young children, before they kill themselves. A few men kill strangers during a crime and then themselves.
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Cameron, Paul. „Are over a Third of Foster Parent Molestations Homosexual?“ Psychological Reports 96, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.275-298.
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50% of foster parent abuse in a general population survey and 34% of abuse as determined by the Illinois DCFS was homosexual. In news stories in the 50 largest newspapers and wire services 1980–2003, 175 foster parents sexually abused 351+ charges. For the 169 whose sex of victim could be determined: 149 (88%) were men; 76 (53%) victimized homosexually; and 85 (50%) were unmarried. Men assaulted 319 (91%) victims, homosexual practitioners 222 (63%), and the unmarried 164 (47%). From 1980–1994 57% of the victims were girls; after 1994 56% were boys. In 21 group homes, the molestation was homosexual in 15 (71%) and 31 of the 32+ perpetrators were male and at least 334 of 349+ victims were boys.
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Deconinck-Brossard, Françoise. „Acts of God, Acts of Men: Providence in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England and France“. Studies in Church History 41 (2005): 356–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400000310.
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A Headline in the Daily Telegraph once read: ‘Vicar is “act of God” victim’. The article explained: A vicar has become a victim of an ‘act of God’ after a thunderbolt wrecked his car during a storm. Dennis Ackroyd, vicar of St Luke’s … in Cleckheaton, near Bradford … now faces problems claiming compensation from his insurance company.
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Black, Katherine A., und David J. Gold. „Gender Differences and Socioeconomic Status Biases in Judgments About Blame in Date Rape Scenarios“. Violence and Victims 23, Nr. 1 (Februar 2008): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.1.115.
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Participants (80 men, 80 women) read hypothetical date rape scenarios, wherein the perpetrator’s socioeconomic status (bus driver versus doctor) and the victim’s level of resistance (verbal versus verbal and physical) were varied, and made judgments about who was at fault and what the consequences should be. In general, men assigned more blame to the victim and less blame to the perpetrator than did women. However, men assigned more blame to the bus driver than to the doctor. Women, on the other hand, assigned more blame to the victim who was raped by the bus driver than to the victim who was raped by the doctor. The results also indicated that participants recommended harsher punishments for the perpetrator when the victim resisted verbally than when she resisted verbally and physically. Future research on the role of the perpetrator’s, the victim’s, and the participants’ socioeconomic status in judgments about date rape is suggested.
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Momeni, Mahdi. „Verification of Crime Due to Violence against Women in Karaj City and Effective Factors to Prevent It“. Journal of Politics and Law 10, Nr. 2 (21.02.2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p30.
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According to the new developments of criminology and approaches to crime victims. Victim – centered approach based on the conditions governing the development of crime and victim in order to prevent crime and reduce its implications are examined. A criminological finding suggests that some individuals for the reason that some of the special Features of biological and psychological and social victim are more at risk than others. Women often are in this context. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of violence in the city of Karaj.This research field of Karaj questionnaire about 384 women and using cluster and systematically implemented, at 2015-2016. The findings show that, there is violence in the mentioned society in various aspects. Most of the current violence is the psychological and sexual violence and economic violence is lowest. There is a direct and meaning full relationship between the notion authoritative man of his role and violence against women.Also there is an inverse and meaningful relationship between the contribution of the husband at home work and violence against women.There is a meaningful and direct relationship between men and women experience violence in their families and violence against women.
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Desai, Sujata, Ileana Arias, Martie P. Thompson und Kathleen C. Basile. „Childhood Victimization and Subsequent Adult Revictimization Assessed in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women and Men“. Violence and Victims 17, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2002): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.6.639.33725.
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The purpose of this study was to identify whether experiences of childhood physical and/or sexual victimization would increase women’s and men’s risk for victimization in adulthood by different perpetrators (any perpetrator regardless of the relationship to the victim; intimate partner perpetrator; non-intimate perpetrator) using a nationally representative sample. Results of hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that childhood victimization increased the risk for adulthood victimization by any perpetrator for men and women, and by an intimate partner for women but not men. Female and male victims of physical and/or sexual child abuse are at higher risk for adult victimization by non-intimate perpetrators. These results suggest the appropriateness of interventions among adults or young adults who have been victims of child abuse, to prevent any future victimization in adulthood. To guide the development of such prevention programs, research is needed to identify factors that affect the probability of adulthood victimization among child abuse victims.
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Turner, Jo. „‘A Shocking State of Domestic Unhappiness’: Male Victims of Female Violence and the Courts in Late Nineteenth Century Stafford“. Societies 9, Nr. 2 (22.05.2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020040.
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Instances where men were the victims of female violence in the past are very difficult to explore, especially when the violence took place in a domestic setting. There is now a notable body of work on violence in the nineteenth century but none that looks specifically at male victims of violence where there was a female perpetrator, and their treatment by the courts. This article goes some way in filling that gap by using data collected in researching female offenders at the end of the nineteenth century in Stafford. It argues that, as with violence where there was a female victim and female perpetrator, the courts and the press were similarly unconcerned and somewhat dismissive of female violence towards men in a domestic setting, thus being unsympathetic towards male victims of female violence.
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Haque, Syed Mohammad Tanjilul, Ahad Mahmud Khan, Abdul Barek, Md Habibuzzaman Chowdhury, Nashid Tabassum Khan und Md Akhteruzzaman. „Two Cases of Alleged Gang Rape Examined at Forensic Medicine Department of Sher-e-Bangla Medical College (SBMC) Barisal with Opinions Not "Enough to Prove the Allegation"“. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 8, Nr. 2 (23.08.2017): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v8i2.33673.
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It is one of the most difficult tasks in forensic medicine is to examine alleged victims of sexual offence like rape that happened a few weeks back. There is a chance of miscarriage of justice. Two women were examined in the department of forensic medicine of SBMC. They gave the history of forceful sexual intercourse by several men at midnight while travelling in a bus. After their identification and obtaining informed written consent they were examined by 2 doctors, one is male and the other is female. With heavy responsibility on them the doctors had to proceed with the examination of the victims of alleged gang rape. Clinical examination, laboratory tests of collected specimens and X-ray examination were done. The opinions were that in case of the first victim, her age was around 18 years and in case of 2nd victim, her age was around 17 years and in both victims, no signs of forceful sexual intercourse were present but signs of past sexual intercourse were present. If a consistency between the history given by the victim and signs detected by the examining doctors is established by the investigating legal officer then a positive result is expected from the court of trial but very often this does not happen.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 8, No. 2: Jul 2017, P 148-152
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Vinita Vijaykumar, Esther, Annamallai M und Sampath Kumar. „Why men being the victim of suicidal hanging? – A prospective study“. IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 5, Nr. 3 (15.10.2020): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2020.024.
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Zverina, Michaela, Henderikus J. Stam und Robbie Babins-Wagner. „Managing Victim Status in Group Therapy for Men: A Discourse Analysis“. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, Nr. 14 (30.01.2011): 2834–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510390949.
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Waller, Martha W., Bonita J. Iritani, Robert L. Flewelling, Sharon L. Christ, Carolyn Tucker Halpern und Kathryn E. Moracco. „Violence Victimization of Young Men in Heterosexual Relationships: Does Alcohol Outlet Density Influence Outcomes?“ Violence and Victims 27, Nr. 4 (2012): 527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.4.527.
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This study examined whether alcohol outlet density is associated with male physical and sexual victimization by a female partner. Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). A total of 3,179 young adult men identified a current heterosexual relationship and had complete intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization data. Almost 16% of this sample reported being the victim of physical only IPV in their relationship over the previous 12 months; an additional 6.4% were victims of sexual only or sexual and physical IPV. Multivariate analyses indicated high alcohol outlet density was associated with greater odds of experiencing physical IPV only (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07). Heavy drinkers experienced increased odds of physical and sexual IPV victimization. Alcohol outlet density should be addressed in prevention efforts.
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Boira, Santiago, und Lucía Tomás Aragonés. „Psychological characteristics and motivation for change in men convicted of intimate partner violence“. International Journal of Psychological Research 4, Nr. 2 (30.12.2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.778.
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Knowledge about men who are violent with their partners is essential to reduce the risk of the victims, as well as to design treatment programs. This paper examines some of the psychological characteristics of the offenders and their motivation to change. We present a descriptive study of a group of men who participated in a program designed to treat men convicted of domestic violence crime. We analysed data from the following questionnaires: URICA, HADS, SCL-90-R, BDHI, IRI and IPD. The results show that the men in the study sample were mostly in the contemplation stage regarding their willingness to change. Concerning psychological characteristics, the results show low scores in depression, anxiety and hostility, with moderate scores regarding empathy towards the victim and the presence of distorted thinking. Finally, no statistically significant differences were found between the initial predisposition of the subjects to change and the other variables studied
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Nguyen, Oanh, und Toi Le. „Perceptions of Governmental and Nongovernmental Actors of Human Trafficking Victims: The Case of Vietnam“. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1559.
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This article explores how governmental and nongovernmental actors perceive victims of human trafficking in Vietnam. This research utilises a qualitative design, drawing on data from 30 in-depth interviews with police officials from eight study sites and two nongovernmental organisations. Findings identify that some victims of human trafficking do not fit the traditional victim images of this crime, including trafficked men for sex tourism, forced labour, organ removal, sex workers, migrants in search of seasonal employment and girls with high education levels. Implications for policies and practice are suggested from these findings.
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Bergeron, Kathleen T. „Family members' presence during resuscitation efforts of a 7-year-old victim of a freshwater drowning seems valuable“. Journal of Emergency Nursing 29, Nr. 4 (August 2003): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/men.2003.117.
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Untied, Amy S., Lindsay M. Orchowski, Nadine Mastroleo und Christine A. Gidycz. „College Students’ Social Reactions to the Victim in a Hypothetical Sexual Assault Scenario: The Role of Victim and Perpetrator Alcohol Use“. Violence and Victims 27, Nr. 6 (2012): 957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.6.957.
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College students’ responses to a hypothetical sexual assault scenario involving alcohol use by the victim and/or perpetrator were examined (N = 295). Participants reported on victim/perpetrator responsibility, the extent to which the scenario would be considered rape, and their likelihood of providing positive or negative responses to the victim. Compared to women, men indicated that they would provide more negative and less positive social reactions to the victim, were less likely to identify the scenario as rape, and endorsed less perpetrator responsibility. When the victim was drinking, participants endorsed greater victim responsibility and lower perpetrator responsibility for the assault. Participants indicated that they would provide the victim with less emotional support when only the perpetrator was drinking, compared to when both the individuals were drinking.
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Depraetere, Joke, Christophe Vandeviver, Tom Vander Beken und Ines Keygnaert. „Big Boys Don’t Cry: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of Male Sexual Victimization“. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, Nr. 5 (16.12.2018): 991–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018816979.
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Sexual victimization is typically presented as a gender-based problem involving a female victim and a male offender. Science, policy, and society focus on female victims at the expense of male victims. Male sexual victimization is thus understudied compared with female sexual victimization. By performing a critical interpretive synthesis of research papers, policy documents, and gray literature ( N = 67) published in four electronic databases from January 2000 through September 2017, this article establishes the prevalence of male sexual victims and the causes that underlie the underrepresentation of this group in existing research and current policy. The prevalence rates of male sexual victims vary considerably, with up to 65% of men reporting sexual victimization. The underrepresentation of male victims was found to be rooted in prevailing gender roles and accepted sexual scripts in society, together with rape myths and stereotypical rape scripts. The former prescribes men as the dominant and sexually active gender. The latter denies male sexual victimization and frames women as “ideal victims.” Combined, these prevailing societal perceptions of men, male sexuality, and sexual victimization prevent men from self-identifying as victims and inhibit them from seeking help to cope with the adverse consequences of sexual victimization. Addressing the gender differences in sexual victimization requires societal and political changes that challenge prevailing stereotypical perceptions of sexual victims. Such changes could result in improved support services for male sexual victims.