Zeitschriftenartikel: „Men's violenve against women“

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Yllo, Kersti. „What Causes Men's Violence against Women?:What Causes Men's Violence against Women?“ American Anthropologist 103, Nr. 2 (Juni 2001): 574–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.2.574.

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Leander, K. „Preventing men's violence against women“. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106, s412 (Juni 2002): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.106.s412.4.x.

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3

Leander, Karen. „Reflections on Sweden's Measures against Men's Violence against Women“. Social Policy and Society 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002794.

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The major reform package adopted by the Swedish Government in the late 1990s to counteract men's violence against women has now been evaluated seven years on. The original reform included legislative changes, as well as assignments to public authorities with an emphasis on improving encounters between abused women and representatives of the various authorities. The evaluation inquiry has identified pervasive shortcomings in the implementation of the reform package. Areas of special concern include the low priority given to the issue and the lack of guidelines, of continuity, of adequate resources, and, not least, of a ‘shared perspective’ on the causes and impact of men's violence against women. Future discussions and efforts will also be informed by, yet another, and slightly more recent government commissioned report on gender equality that includes an extensive discussion about men's violence against women and advocates a more eclectic approach than advocated by the evaluation inquiry.

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Riger, Stephanie, und Maryann Krieglstein. „The Impact of Welfare Reform on Men's Violence against Women“. American Journal of Community Psychology 28, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2000): 631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1005193603532.

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5

Sikweyiya, Yandisa, Rachel Jewkes und Elizabeth Dartnall. „Men's perspectives on participating in violence against women perpetration research“. Agenda 27, Nr. 1 (März 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2013.798960.

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Burman, Monica. „Men's Intimate Partner Violence against Sami Women: A Swedish Blind Spot“. Nordic Journal on Law and Society 1, Nr. 01-02 (26.09.2017): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njolas.v1i01-02.18.

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The aim of this article is to map the Swedish context regarding men’s intimate partner violence against Sami women and (1) discuss what knowledge and perspectives that dominates that context, and (2) reflect upon possible starting points for meeting the need for knowledge. The outline shows that men’s intimate partner violence against Sami women is a blind spot in Sweden. Important aspects, such as human rights and colonialism, are neglected in the policy discourse. At the most, the policy discourse includes abused Sami women in the problematic category “particular vulnerable groups”. The author argues for a need to problematize if and how responsibility is taken for addressing and responding to the violence and suggests a postcolonial and intersectional approach that centers around how the imbalance of power and control runs through abused women’s experiences. Finally, the author highlights how such an approach also is a matter of indigenous research ethics.

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Hoppstadius, Helena. „What is the problem? Representations of men's violence against women in a Swedish context“. Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 7, Nr. 3 (25.10.2018): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2018.3737.

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Abuse and violence against women is not only a serious violation of human rights, but is also, according to the Swedish government, the most acute and greatest obstacle to a gender-equal society. The aim of the current study was to investigate discourses that govern social work practice in Sweden analysed discourses of violence against women in five Swedish public working guidelines using Carol Bacchi’s social constructivist analytical approach What's the Problem Represented to Be? Our findings show that violence is framed in the guidelines within a heterosexual context and is represented as an individual problem of women within close relations and families. This framing also promotes a division between violence against Swedish-born women and violence against foreign-born women. The analysis also shows that equality seems to be more about the inclusion of men rather than looking after women's situations. How violence against women is understood will affect how violence can be predicted, prevented, and treated, and thus there is a risk that these representations might affect women subjected to violence differently depending on how social workers interpret and apply these guidelines. Our findings also suggest that these representations maintain gender hierarchies and other structural and societal inequalities and ignore violence against women as a major global social problem.

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Lau, Ursula, und Garth Stevens. „Exploring the Psychological Exteriority and Interiority of Men's Violence Against Women“. Journal of Psychology in Africa 20, Nr. 4 (Januar 2010): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2010.10820420.

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Muehlenhard, Charlene L., und Zoë Peterson. „Book Reviews: Inviting Dissent: Formulating Theories About Men's Violence Against Women“. Psychology of Women Quarterly 25, Nr. 1 (März 2001): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036168430102500106.

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Schuler, Sidney Ruth, Syed M. Hashemi, Ann P. Riley und Shireen Akhter. „Credit programs, patriarchy and men's violence against women in rural Bangladesh“. Social Science & Medicine 43, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1996): 1729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00068-8.

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Pease, Bob, und Michael Flood. „Rethinking the Significance of Attitudes in Preventing Men's Violence Against Women“. Australian Journal of Social Issues 43, Nr. 4 (Juni 2008): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2008.tb00118.x.

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Hall, Christopher M. „Merging Efforts: The Intersections of Domestic Violence Intervention, Men, and Masculinities“. Men and Masculinities 22, Nr. 1 (12.03.2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18805565.

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Feminist-focused activism and domestic violence services have grown in tandem, both developing analysis of systemic interventions for abusive men and in men’s role to address violence against women. Research on men and masculinities create a space for enhancing the view of toxic and healthy masculinities; however, analysis of masculinities without specific discussion on topics of intersectionality can avoid directly addressing men's violent behavior. There is a growing need to combine two focal points of work: honoring the foundations of anti-oppression work by encouraging non-abusive men to address their entitlement and disconnect from women, and motivating domestically abusive and violent men to choose respectful behavior that integrates healthy masculinities. Consideration for LGBTQ+ analysis of masculinities and opportunities for combined work are also explored.

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Katz, Jackson. „Reconstructing Masculinity in the Locker Room: The Mentors in Violence Prevention Project“. Harvard Educational Review 65, Nr. 2 (01.07.1995): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.65.2.55533188520136u1.

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Few violence prevention programs of any kind foreground discussions of masculinity. In his work with college athletes, Jackson Katz positions the sociocultural construction of manhood as central to the problem of men's violence against women, as well as the basis of potential sources of prevention. Through the Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) Project at Northeastern University in Boston, Katz and his colleagues seek to reduce men's violence against women by inspiring athletes and other models of traditional masculine success to challenge and reconstruct predominant male norms that equate strength in men with dominance over women. The Project specifically encourages participants to use their stature among their peers on campus to promote healthier attitudes and behaviors towards women.

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Stenson, Kristina, Birgitta Sidenvall und Gun Heimer. „Midwives’ experiences of routine antenatal questioning relating to men's violence against women“. Midwifery 21, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2005.01.002.

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15

Karim, K. M. Rabiul. „Men's Arrack Drinking and Domestic Violence against Women in a Bangladeshi Village“. International Quarterly of Community Health Education 25, Nr. 4 (Juli 2006): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1568-2652-7422-7921.

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Goetz, Aaron T., Todd K. Shackelford, Gorge A. Romero, Farnaz Kaighobadi und Emily J. Miner. „Punishment, proprietariness, and paternity: Men's violence against women from an evolutionary perspective“. Aggression and Violent Behavior 13, Nr. 6 (November 2008): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2008.07.004.

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Vuckovic, Ivana. „Victims of gender-based violence and their legal protection in Serbia: In relation to men's violence against women“. Temida 11, Nr. 3 (2008): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0803111v.

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The main issue in this work is men's violence against women as a hate crime. The author analyzes this through a feminist perspective considering the relevance of basic facts and concepts such as gender, gender roles and socialization, power, patriarchy and women's rights. The author analyzes the position of women victims of men's violence on both the international and national level, and their legal protection, in general and especially in Serbia, using a victimological approach.

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Barker, Gary. „Male violence or patriarchal violence? Global Trends in Men and Violence“. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad (Rio de Janeiro), Nr. 22 (April 2016): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2016.22.14.a.

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Abstract Policies and research have focused recently on men's use of violence against women, and the terms "gender-based violence" or "domestic violence" have often been used rather than "patriarchal violence." This article argues that instead of talking about "male violence," or gender-based violence, a more useful analytical framework is "patriarchal violence." Applying this lens examines how violence is based in complex power relations - with low-income men and men in specific groups, such as indigenous men or men of socially excluded ethnic groups, experiencing it more at the hands of more powerful men. The article argues for moving beyond a simplistic repressive model of violence prevention that often ignores structural inequalities, to one that understands intersectionalities and multiple power dimensions while also taking into account power dimensions of men's violence against women.

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Fleming, Paul J., Sofia Gruskin, Florencia Rojo und Shari L. Dworkin. „Men's violence against women and men are inter-related: Recommendations for simultaneous intervention“. Social Science & Medicine 146 (Dezember 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.021.

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20

Schuler, Sidney Ruth, Syed M. Hashemi und Shamsul Huda Badal. „Men's violence against women in rural Bangladesh: Undermined or exacerbated by microcredit programmes?“ Development in Practice 8, Nr. 2 (Mai 1998): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529853774.

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Beeble, Marisa L., Deborah Bybee und Cris M. Sullivan. „Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners“. European Psychologist 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54.

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While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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Chan, Ko Ling. „PROTECTION OF FACE AND AVOIDANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY: CHINESE MEN'S ACCOUNT OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN“. Journal of Social Work Practice 23, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650530902723340.

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Heise, Lori. „Gender-based abuse: the global epidemic“. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 10, suppl 1 (1994): S135—S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1994000500009.

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Gender Based violence-including rape, domestic violence, murder and sexual abuse-is a profund health problem for women across the globe. Although a significant cause of female morbidity and mortality, violence against women has only recently begun to be recognized as an issue for public health. This paper draws together existing data on the dimensions of violence against women worldwide and reviews available literature on the health consequences of abuse. It argues that the health sector has an important role to play in combatting violence against women through increased research, screening and referral of victims, and behavioral interventions. Any strategy to confrnt violence must address the root causes of abuse in addition to meeting the immediate needs of victims. This means challenging the social attitudes and beliefs that undergird men's violence and renegotiating the balance of power between women and men at all levels of society.

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SHACKELFORD, TODD K., AARON T. GOETZ, DAVID M. BUSS, HARALD A. EULER und SABINE HOIER. „When we hurt the ones we love: Predicting violence against women from men's mate retention“. Personal Relationships 12, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2005.00125.x.

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Guéguen, Nicolas. „Inducing the Concept of Love among Men and their Compliance to a Donation Request for an Association against Domestic Violence toward Women“. Psychological Reports 115, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2014): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.pr0.115c30z6.

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Previous research found that exposition to the concept of love appeared effective to increase men's helping behavior toward women. However, only direct solicitation was examined. In this study, 40 men were first induced with the idea of love with the help of a dummy survey about love and romantic behavior, and one minute later they were asked to help an association against domestic violence toward women. In the control condition, 40 men were induced using a neutral dummy survey on odd jobs. More men (35.7%) donated to the association in the love-inducing condition than in the control condition (17.5%). No statistical difference was found in the amount of money left in the two conditions: 1.40€ in the love-inducing condition and 1.12€ in the control condition. The results suggest that the love-inducing method does not only activate motivation for romantic relationships with women but also influences men's concerns about a women's cause.

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Kargar Jahromi, Marzieh, Safieh Jamali, Afifeh Rahmanian Koshkaki und Shohreh Javadpour. „Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence Against Women by Their Husbands in Iran“. Global Journal of Health Science 8, Nr. 5 (28.09.2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p175.

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OBJECTIVE: Domestic violence against women is a health problem. Research on domestic violence in order to clarify the relationship between the different forms of violence and health outcomes is needed. This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors of domestic violence in women. It also assessed the association between risk factors and psychological, physical, and sexual violence against women by their intimate partners. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on married women 16–80 years of age living in jahrom south of Iran between August 2013 and December 2014. This research was implemented through questionnaires including the demographic characteristic. The form of partner violence including emotional abuse, physical violence and sexual violence was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the association between violence and factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional domestic violence was respectively 16.4%, 18.6% and 44.4%.and was associated with Age (p=0.002), Husband’s Age (p=0.001), Length of marriage (p=0.002), Woman's low educational level women's education (OR=4.67 95%.CI=1.97-11.07), husband's low education (OR=9.22 95%. CI=0.69-12.16), were the most important risk factors for violence. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of physical, emotional or sexual violence was very high. Men's violence against women in intimate relationships is commonly occurring in Iran. Considering the factors contributing to violence against women, raising the level of education of men and women is one of the ways to prevent violence.

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Puigvert, Lidia. „Young People's Understandings of Men's Violence Against Women N. Lombard. Abingdon: Routledge (2015) 228pp. £60.00hb ISBN 9781472419910“. Howard Journal of Crime and Justice 55, Nr. 3 (September 2016): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hojo.10_12175.

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Lorentzen, Jørgen, und Per Are Løkke. „Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Sorumluluk Almalı“. Bulletin of Legal Medicine 3, Nr. 1 (01.04.1998): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.199831285.

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The problem of violence has become a central part of European politics and of each human being in the European countries. We have heard reports of massive rape rituals in Bosnia, we are witnessing a Belgium in deep sorrow because of the slaughter of its daughters, we are experiencing gang wars in the inner cities, In every country, racism is creating death and pain and fradually the knowledge of violence against women and children in their own homes is reaching our consciousness. Most of the time, this violence is talked about in the media in terms of gangsters, devils, murderers, bandits, drug addicts, blacks, nazis, rapists or just thieves, Very seldom are the perpetrators talked about as men, and almost never are they understood within the concept of masculinity. Even when the fact undoubtedly is that they are, in almost every case, men. One of the most important things is that we need to know more about how masculinity is created. What does it mean that the violators are men? What implications will this have for the understanding of violence? What is the specific relationship between masculinity and violence? And: How will it influence the politics of violence - the work against violence in the media, in the streets and in the society as a whole? These types of questions will be the guidelines of our talk here today. Let us go straight to the heart of the problem. While the media and the public's attention are concentrated on the violence which occurs in the public sphere, they are forgetting the violence in the private sphere. Our claim is that the violence which we see in public is largely rooted in the private sphere, It is violence carried out in the private sphere which is transferred and extended into the public sphere. In other words, it is the private violence which should claim our attention, and it is against this violence that the efforts to combat violence should be directed. Focusing on private violence will also enable us to bring to bear a clearer gender perspective. Even though we know that women use violence against men and children, private violence mainly consists of men's violence against those nearest to them: girlfriends, wives and children. Let us therefore spend the few minutes we have presenting three perspectives on men's violence against women, in order better to get to know these men.

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Scherer, Z., E. Scherer, L. Reis, J. Rodrigues, L. Cavalin und D. Silva. „Intimate partner violence and cognitive aspects of the perpetrator“. European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1862.

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IntroductionViolence against women, committed by an intimate partner, is a serious public health problem. On an international scope it has been researched the relation between intimate partner violence and cognitive aspects of aggressors.ObjectiveTo investigate if couples use violence to resolve conflicts and if there are differences in cognitive aspects of men in couples where there is intimate partner violence when compared to couples who have a harmonious relationship.MethodThe Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) was used. The cognitive aspects of male partners was investigated by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), certain factors such as verbal and executive functions, to compare the testing results of men who have committed violence against their partners with those who did not.ResultsThirty-one couples with intimate partner violence police reports and 31 couples who, according to their own perceptions, said to maintain harmonious marital relationship. The comparisons between groups allowed observing that even among couples who judge to be in a peaceful relationship, violent behaviors were detected. These behaviors tend to be naturalized and not considered as violence by partners. In regard to men's cognitive aspects, especially those related to WAIS-III verbal skills and impulse control, they possibly exert some influence to intimate partner violence.ConclusionThe possible influence of cognitive aspects of the perpetrator on violence against women could be reduced through long-term actions, especially those concerned to early education, since this is the appropriate way to culturally change and to develop satisfactory social and cognitive skills of the individual.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Brioni, Cecilia. „Shorn capelloni: hair and young masculinities in the Italian media, 1965–1967“. Modern Italy 25, Nr. 1 (17.06.2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.25.

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In the period between 1965 and 1967, a series of acts of violence took place against Italian capelloni (young men with long hair). These attacks frequently ended with an attempted or actual cutting of these young men's hair. This article analyses how these incidents were represented in newspapers, teen magazines, and in the short film Il mostro della domenica by Steno (Stefano Vanzina, 1968) featuring Totò. Drawing on literature about the shaving of French and Italian collaborationist women in the aftermath of the Second World War (Virgili 2002), it explores the potential gender anxieties caused by young men's long hairstyles, as represented by the media. The attacks on the capelloni are interpreted as a punishment for the male appropriation of a traditionally feminine attribute of seduction: the cutting of young men's hair symbolically reaffirmed an ideal of virile masculinity in a moment of ‘decline of virilism’ (Bellassai 2011) in Italian society.

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Clark, Gemma. „Violence against women in the Irish Civil War, 1922–3: gender-based harm in global perspective“. Irish Historical Studies 44, Nr. 165 (Mai 2020): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.6.

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AbstractSince the 1990s, in the wake of the wars and ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia, violence against women in wartime has become a matter of international concern. This article, on gender-based violence (G.B.V.) during the Irish Civil War, draws on research from scholars and activists around the globe, and newly accessible archival sources, to highlight the relatively humane treatment of women in Ireland – even during the bitter final stages of the Irish Revolution, c.1912–23. Records of the Irish Free State's Compensation (Personal Injuries) Committee show that women suffered some serious and traumatising interpersonal violence during 1922–3 – often on account of their gender (as guardians of the domestic space). Women's interactions with the Civil War were thus distinctive from men's because of the prevalence in Ireland of forms of aggression and intimidation, including crimes against property, which transgressed public/private boundaries. However, I argue that it did not serve the strategy nor ideology of either warring side to denigrate women en masse. The genocidal aims underlying conflict-related G.B.V. elsewhere in the world were absent in Ireland, where gendered power structures, shored up by Catholic authority, remained largely unshaken by the revolution – despite the great efforts of many radical females. Revolutionary Ireland was not a safe place for many Irishwomen (nor indeed for some men); however, for pro- and anti-Treaty forces, maintaining propriety militated against the need for sexual violence as warfare.

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Burrell, Stephen R. „The contradictory possibilities of engaging men and boys in the prevention of men's violence against women in the UK“. Journal of Gender-Based Violence 2, Nr. 3 (31.10.2018): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868018x15375304850617.

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Russell, Gordon W., Veronica E. Horn und Mary J. Huddle. „MALE RESPONSES TO FEMALE AGGRESSION“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 16, Nr. 1 (01.01.1988): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.1.51.

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The effects on males (N= 60) of observing fictional aggression were assessed in a between-subjects design. Subjects were randomly assigned to view either a film clip of professional lady wrestlers, a mud wrestling segment or, to a no-film control condition. Both films produced negative changes in mood states, principally an increase in aggression and a decrease in social affection. Exposure to the films failed to produce changes in men's acceptance of interpersonal violence against women, rape myth beliefs or sexual callousness.

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Machingura, Francis. „‘A woman should learn in quietness and full submission’ (1 Timothy 2: 11): Empowering Women in the Fight against Masculine Readings of Biblical Texts and a Chauvinistic African Culture in the Face of HIV and AIDS“. Studies in World Christianity 19, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2013): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2013.0059.

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The status of women has generally become a human rights issue the world over, and Zimbabwe has not been left behind in that debate. Unfortunately, some men and women still believe that for women to occupy influential positions in society is testimony to the coming of the end of the world. As a way of buttressing men's patriarchal or chauvinistic views, the bible is invoked to remind women about their place and role in society. Using a random sampling method, interviews were conducted with twenty-five men and twenty-five women in Harare, Zimbabwe, on their perspective on 1 Timothy 2: 11 in the light of the empowerment of women in Zimbabwean society. This paper seeks to prove that negative perceptions against women are unhelpful and retrogressive and go against millennium development goals, particularly when biblical texts like 1 Timothy 2: 11–12, Ephesians 5: 25, 1 Peter 3: 1–2, 1 Corinthians 7: 4–5 and 1 Corinthians 14: 33b–35 are invoked to fight against the empowerment of women in the face of HIV and AIDS. Biblical texts like 1 Timothy 2: 11–12 can be applied out of context and erroneously used to serve or support patriarchal agendas – a position that this paper dismisses as morally untenable and disadvantageous to the rights of contemporary women. Yet the majority of women, as in the case of Zimbabwe, bear the effects of HIV and AIDS, poverty, unemployment and domestic violence.

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Beetham, Tanya. „Young People's Understandings of Men's Violence against Women By NancyLombard. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2015 ISBN 9781472419910, 219 pp, £72.99 (hb)“. Children & Society 33, Nr. 4 (25.02.2019): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/chso.12320.

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Fushshilat, Sonza Rahmanirwana, und Nurliana Cipta Apsari. „SISTEM SOSIAL PATRIARKI SEBAGAI AKAR DARI KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP PEREMPUAN PATRIARCHAL SOCIAL SYSTEM AS THE ROOT OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN“. Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 7, Nr. 1 (14.07.2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v7i1.27455.

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ABSTRAKJenis kelamin merupakan suatu perbedaan yang fitrah dan dapat dilihat secara biologis. Melalui proses yang panjang, masyarakat melakukan pembedaan antara peran laki-laki dan peran perempuan. Konstruksi sosial yang diciptakan oleh masyarakat bernama patriarki, sistem sosial yang melihat bahwa garis keturunan ayah memiliki posisi yang lebih superior dibandingkan perempuan. Ketidaksetaraan gender yang ditimbulkan mengakibatkan adanya diskriminasi dan tekanan terhadap perempuan dalam kehidupannya. Pembatasan ruang yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki atau bahkan masyarakat membuat perempuan tidak mendapat aksesibilitas dan hak-hak yang seharusnya mereka diterima. Buruknya, salah satu perlakuan tidak menyenangkan yang didapat perempuan adalah kekerasan seksual. Patriarki membuat posisi perempuan lumrah untuk dijadikan objek seksual oleh laki-laki. Hal ini berarti patriarki juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyumbang akan langgengnya kekerasan seksual yang menimpa perempuan. ABSTRACTGender is a natural difference and can be seen biologically. Through a long process, the community differentiates between men's roles and women's roles. The social construction created by society is called patriarchy, a social system that sees that the father's lineage has a position that is superior to women. Gender inequality caused by resulting in discrimination and pressure on women in their lives. Spatial restrictions imposed by men or even society prevent women from getting the accessibility and rights they ought to received. One of the unpleasant treatments women received is sexual violence. Patriarchy system allow the women to become sexual objects by men. This means that patriarchy is also one of the factors contributing to the continuous sexual violence experienced by women.

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Camargo, Esperanza. „Gender inequality and intimate partner violence in Bolivia“. Revista Colombiana de Sociología 42, Nr. 2 (01.07.2019): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcs.v42n2.69629.

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Intimate partner violence against women is of particular concern in Bolivia, a country ranked second among ten Latin American countries in the prevalence of physical and sexual violence toward women (Hindin, Kishor, and Ansara, 2008). This study examines the correlation between intimate partner violence and the type of domestic decision making. Using factor analysis and structural equation modeling on a sample of 2,759 Bolivian heterosexual couples, this study finds that intimate partner violence is less likely to occur in families in which the decision making is egalitarian (female and male partners make decisions together) but more likely to occur when either the male partner or the female partner makes decisions alone. These findings support the hypotheses that the gender distribution of power may cause conflict between intimate heterosexual partners (Anderson, 1997; Dobash, Dobash, Wilson, and Daly, 1992; Jewkes, 2002). It also goes further in demonstrating that such distribution could lead to egalitarian, matriarchal, or patriarchal domestic decision making and that there are differential consequences for both intimate partner offending and victimization. In rural areas, Bolivian women are more vulnerable; men more often make decisions alone; and women are less educated and poorer than in urban areas. In the patriarchal-type family, men make decisions and may abuse their female partners physically and psychologically. This type of family is poorer and less educated, and it is inversely correlated with women’s and men’s education. Indeed, education seems to play a key role in heterosexual relationships; men's education is inversely correlated with females' physical victimization. However, these findings also support a) the status inconsistency theory: in wealthier, more educated households, the female partner made decisions alone but was still physically and psychologically abused by her intimate partner, and b) intimate partner violence is influenced by structural factors, such as patriarchal beliefs, social power structure, poverty, and social inequalities (Barak, 2003, 2006).

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N'Zengou-Tayo, Marie-José. „‘Fanm Se Poto Mitan: Haitian Woman, the Pillar of Society“. Feminist Review 59, Nr. 1 (Juni 1998): 118–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339497.

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In this paper Marie-Jose N'zengou-Tayo draws on a variety of sources, both historical and contemporary, to describe the journey of Haitian women from nineteenth-century post-War of Independence, to present-day Haitian society. The paper is divided in two sections. In the first, the author traces a brief social history of women, quoting anthropological and sociological studies from the 1930s to the 1970s. She begins with rural peasant women noting their significant involvement in farming, marketing and in the internal food trade sector. The development of polygamy and common law unions as the most common form of conjugal union is seen as a practical response to survival in rural Haiti. The author notes the major impact on women's lives of continued political upheavals, violent repression, rural degradation and migration to the cities. Opportunities for employment in a deprived urban setting, and women's initiatives in income generating are also described under the Duvalier regimes. A brief overview of the lives of the middle class is included, although there is a paucity of research in this area available to the author. Violence against women is a regular threat facing domestic workers, and a means of repression used by the state against women across classes. In the second section N'Zengou-Tayo addresses the literary representation of Haitian women by both female and male Haitian writers. The paper examines how female writers have developed subversive narrative strategies to shape a female identity in order to break away from the stereotypes portrayed in men's writing. N'Zengou-Tayo concludes that the tremendous contribution of Haitian women to their society has neither been recognized nor documented. Despite this, the resilience of Haitian women, whether in their daily lives or in their writing, has enabled them to make strides towards improving their lives.

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Nafi'a, Ilman, und Septi Gumiandari. „Psychological Analysis on the Issues of Violence Against Women in Language and Media“. HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies 4, Nr. 2 (31.12.2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v4i2.3179.

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Language and media are effective entities to perpetuate male domination over women. Both are representations of various social conflicts, interests, power and hegemony. Through Psychological analysis, this study aims to reveal how both of them can establish the process of 'marginalizing' women. This study used a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The results showed that violence against women in language and the media is an invisible form of violence. Language is something that has a purpose (teleology) in itself, which is conditioned by various environmental interests. In patriarchal culture, language is used to build a bad image of women with the aim of strengthening the position of men as the dominant group. The bad image is then transplanted by the media, made into a universe of discourse and implanted into collective consciousness as the public's subconscious imagination. As a result, whether we realize it or not, women are treated in a subordinate way, but also define themselves in a subordinate way according to men's eyes. Bahasa dan media adalah entitas yang efektif untuk mengekalkan dominasi laki-laki atas perempuan. Keduanya merupakan representasi dari pagelaran berbagai konflik sosial, kepentingan, kekuasaan serta hegemoni. Melalui analisis Psikologi, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapbagaimana keduanya dapat memapankan proses ‘memarjinalkan’ kaum perempuan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan data sekunder melalui kajian literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam bahasa dan media adalah bentuk kekerasan yang tidak kasat mata. Bahasa merupakan ekspresi seseorang untuk mewakili logika, struktur budaya, sosial, psikologi, filosofi, dan politik yang dianut oleh penuturnya. Ia memiliki ketertujuan (teleologi) di dalam dirinya, yang terkondisi oleh pelbagai interes lingkungannya. Dalam budaya patriarkhi, Bahasa digunakan untuk membagun image buruk pada perempuan dengan tujuan mengukuhkan posisi laki-laki sebagai kelompok dominan. Image buruk tersebut kemudian dicangkok oleh media, dijadikan pemahaman universal, dan ditanamkan ke dalam kesadaran kolektif sebagai imajinasi alam bawah sadar masyarakat. Wal-hasil, disadari atau tidak, perempuan selain diperlakukan secara subordinatif, juga mendefinisikan diri secara subordinatif sesuai dengan perspektif laki-laki.

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Nafi'a, Ilman, und Septi Gumiandari. „Psychological Analysis on the Issues of Violence Against Women in Language and Media“. HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies 4, Nr. 2 (31.12.2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v4i2.3179.

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Language and media are effective entities to perpetuate male domination over women. Both are representations of various social conflicts, interests, power and hegemony. Through Psychological analysis, this study aims to reveal how both of them can establish the process of 'marginalizing' women. This study used a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The results showed that violence against women in language and the media is an invisible form of violence. Language is something that has a purpose (teleology) in itself, which is conditioned by various environmental interests. In patriarchal culture, language is used to build a bad image of women with the aim of strengthening the position of men as the dominant group. The bad image is then transplanted by the media, made into a universe of discourse and implanted into collective consciousness as the public's subconscious imagination. As a result, whether we realize it or not, women are treated in a subordinate way, but also define themselves in a subordinate way according to men's eyes. Bahasa dan media adalah entitas yang efektif untuk mengekalkan dominasi laki-laki atas perempuan. Keduanya merupakan representasi dari pagelaran berbagai konflik sosial, kepentingan, kekuasaan serta hegemoni. Melalui analisis Psikologi, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapbagaimana keduanya dapat memapankan proses ‘memarjinalkan’ kaum perempuan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan data sekunder melalui kajian literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam bahasa dan media adalah bentuk kekerasan yang tidak kasat mata. Bahasa merupakan ekspresi seseorang untuk mewakili logika, struktur budaya, sosial, psikologi, filosofi, dan politik yang dianut oleh penuturnya. Ia memiliki ketertujuan (teleologi) di dalam dirinya, yang terkondisi oleh pelbagai interes lingkungannya. Dalam budaya patriarkhi, Bahasa digunakan untuk membagun image buruk pada perempuan dengan tujuan mengukuhkan posisi laki-laki sebagai kelompok dominan. Image buruk tersebut kemudian dicangkok oleh media, dijadikan pemahaman universal, dan ditanamkan ke dalam kesadaran kolektif sebagai imajinasi alam bawah sadar masyarakat. Wal-hasil, disadari atau tidak, perempuan selain diperlakukan secara subordinatif, juga mendefinisikan diri secara subordinatif sesuai dengan perspektif laki-laki.

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Hamel, John. „Explaining Symmetry Across Sex in Intimate Partner Violence: Evolution, Gender Roles, and the Will to Harm“. Partner Abuse 11, Nr. 3 (01.07.2020): 228–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0014.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is regarded by key stakeholders involved in shaping arrest and intervention policies as a gendered problem. The prevailing assumptions guiding these policies, centered on patriarchal social structures and men's motivation to dominate their female partners, have collectively been called the gender paradigm. When states started to enact laws against domestic violence in the late 1970s, it was due to the efforts of battered women and their allies, including second wave feminists fighting for the political, social, and economic advancement of women. The focus was on life-threatening forms of abuse in which women represented, and continue to represent, the much larger share of victims. Since then, IPV has been found to be a more complex problem than originally framed, perpetrated by women as well as men, driven by an assortment of motives, and associated with distal and proximate risk factors that have little to do with gender. Nonetheless, the gender paradigm persists, with public policy lagging behind the empirical evidence. The author suggests some reasons why this is so, among them the much higher rates of violent crimes committed by men, media influence and cognitive biases, political factors, and perpetuation of the very sex-role stereotypes that feminists have sought to extinguish in every other social domain. He then critically reviews two theories used in support of the paradigm, sexual selection theory and social role theory, and explores how empirically driven policies would more effectively lower IPV rates in our communities, while advancing core feminist principles.

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Bougsiaa, Hussein. „Masculinity and the social violence against women“. Ars Educandi, Nr. 11 (13.12.2014): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/ae.2014.11.10.

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Men’s violence against women and persons of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) identity is a phenomenon that is rarely discussed in the mainstream media except in its Most horrendous and sensational forms. Even rarer is a discussion of a culture of mascul- inity in U.S. society for example that condones and in large part perpetuates men’s violence against women and LGBT persons. In the media, men’s violence is invisible or assumed as “natural” and thus inevitable. While the media’s debate on masculinities and violence has been relatively silent or superficial, the scholarly debate on men’s violence is vibrant, and a growing men’s movement is challenging misogynistic discourses and violent aspects of masculine cultures.

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Cannonier, Colin, und Naci Mocan. „THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON WOMEN'S PREFERENCES FOR GENDER EQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM SIERRA LEONE“. Journal of Demographic Economics 84, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 3–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2016.12.

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Abstract:We use data from Sierra Leone where a substantial education program provided increased access to education for primary-school age children but did not benefit children who were older. We exploit the variation in access to the program generated by date of birth and the variation in resources between various districts of the country. We find that an increase in schooling, triggered by the program, has an impact on women's attitudes toward matters that impact women's health and on attitudes regarding violence against women. An increase in education reduces the number of desired children by women and increases their propensity to use modern contraception and to be tested for AIDS. While education makes women more intolerant of practices that conflict with their well-being, increased education has no impact on men's attitudes toward women's well-being. Thus, it is unclear whether the change in attitudes would translate into behavioral changes. Consistent with this finding, education (on this margin) has no impact on women's propensity to get married, their age at first marriage or age at first birth.

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Edwards, Louise. „Drawing Sexual Violence in Wartime China: Anti-Japanese Propaganda Cartoons“. Journal of Asian Studies 72, Nr. 3 (20.06.2013): 563–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813000521.

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During the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–45), China's leading cartoon artists formed patriotic associations aimed at repelling the Japanese military. Their stated propaganda goals were to boost morale among the troops and the civilian population by circulating artwork that would ignite the spirit of resistance among Chinese audiences. In keeping with the genre, racialized and sexualized imagery abounded. The artists created myriad disturbing visions of how militarized violence impacted men's and women's bodies differently. By analyzing the two major professional journals, National Salvation Cartoons and War of Resistance Cartoons, this article shows that depictions of sexual violence inflicted on Chinese women were integral to the artists' attempts to arouse the spirit of resistance. By comparing their depictions of different types of bodies (Chinese and Japanese, male and female, soldiers' and civilians') the article argues that the cartoonists believed that the depiction of sexually mutilated Chinese women would build resistance and spur patriotism while equivalent depictions of mutilated male soldiers would sap morale and hamper the war effort. The article concludes with a discussion about the dubious efficacy of propaganda that invokes a hypersexualized, masculine enemy other.

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Alothman, Husein M., und Mohammed Al-Hourani. „Post-Divorce Experiences in Jordan: A Phenomenological Perspective“. Al-Adab Journal 2, Nr. 126 (15.09.2018): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i126.45.

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This study analyzes the post-divorce experiences of a sample of 50 Jordanian divorced participants. Qualitative and exploratory results are similar to the results of other studies that were conducted in certain western cultures. Similar issues included modern reasons for exiting a marriage, men's experiences of losing children and women's poor financial circumstances. Despite changes in the structure and function of the Jordanian family, post-divorce experiences continue to be influenced by the major factors of a traditional gender culture regarding the traditional reasons to exit marriage, with women retaining custody of children when they do not remarry and failure to establish cooperative custody. In addition, the results of this study reveal that progressive changes in women's choices to exit their marriages to better themselves. The study also sheds light on the perception of violence against married women as a reason for exiting marriage and family support to minimize the negative effects of divorce on women with a concurrent realization of the stigmatization of society toward divorced women. Nevertheless, additional research on this topic is needed to significantly add to our understanding of these phenomena

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Fattah, Kazi Nazrul, und Suborna Camellia. „Gender Norms and Beliefs, and Men’s Violence Against Women in Rural Bangladesh“. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, Nr. 3-4 (03.02.2017): 771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517690875.

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Prevention of violence against women requires understanding men’s controlling attitudes and behaviors toward women. In Bangladesh, while the incidence of men’s violence against women is alarmingly increasing, existing research to understand the determinants of men’s violent behavior resulted in contradictory findings. The current study explores rural Bangladeshi men’s support for gender norms, beliefs, and attitudes concerning violence against women, and looks at how these are influenced by men’s age, marital status, education, and affiliation with organizations that promote gender equality. The study also attempts to understand men’s bystander attitudes and responses to incidents of violence against women. Using the theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinity, the study was conducted among a sample of 1,200 men and women. Results indicate that in the study areas, young, unmarried men are less supportive to gender norms, beliefs, and attitudes that promote violence against women. Positive association was observed with men’s educational attainment and affiliation with nongovernmental organization (NGO) interventions. Regardless of age, marital status, or education, men’s bystander response toward intervening to prevent violence against women was found to be low. Women showed similar level of support for inequitable gender norms, beliefs, and attitudes. Analysis of the findings using a hegemonic masculinity lens reveals more complicated dynamics of power and hegemonic control at work that perpetuate men’s violence against women. Based on the findings, the study also identifies possible strategies for violence prevention interventions in Bangladesh.

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Swan, Suzanne C., Laura J. Gambone, Jennifer E. Caldwell, Tami P. Sullivan und David L. Snow. „A Review of Research on Women’s Use of Violence With Male Intimate Partners“. Violence and Victims 23, Nr. 3 (Juni 2008): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.301.

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This article provides a review of research literature on women who use violence with intimate partners. The central purpose is to inform service providers in the military and civilian communities who work with domestically violent women. The major points of this review are as follows: (a) women’s violence usually occurs in the context of violence against them by their male partners; (b) in general, women and men perpetrate equivalent levels of physical and psychological aggression, but evidence suggests that men perpetrate sexual abuse, coercive control, and stalking more frequently than women and that women also are much more frequently injured during domestic violence incidents; (c) women and men are equally likely to initiate physical violence in relationships involving less serious “situational couple violence,” and in relationships in which serious and very violent “intimate terrorism” occurs, men are much more likely to be perpetrators and women victims; (d) women’s physical violence is more likely than men’s violence to be motivated by self-defense and fear, whereas men’s physical violence is more likely than women’s to be driven by control motives; (e) studies of couples in mutually violent relationships find more negative effects for women than for men; and (f) because of the many differences in behaviors and motivations between women’s and men’s violence, interventions based on male models of partner violence are likely not effective for many women.

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Nilan, Pam, Argyo Demartoto, Alex Broom und John Germov. „Indonesian Men’s Perceptions of Violence Against Women“. Violence Against Women 20, Nr. 7 (Juli 2014): 869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801214543383.

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Jewkes, Rachel, und Robert Morrell. „Hegemonic Masculinity, Violence, and Gender Equality“. Men and Masculinities 21, Nr. 4 (15.03.2017): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17696171.

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Messerschmidt and colleagues have pioneered work in criminology using masculinities theory, yet many researchers in the field have not engaged with the possibility that the different patterning of correlated violent, sexually risky, and antisocial behaviors may reflect a disaggregation of the category of men into multiple masculinities. This lens can help understand men’s violence and enable intervention targeting. We analyzed household survey data and identified three classes of men according to their use of violence and correlated behavior. Associations between masculinity categories and other acts of violence (against women), gender attitudes, and sexually transmitted diseases showed a dose–response relationship across the masculinity categories. Structural equation modeling showed how the psychological variables mediated pathways between exposure to trauma and teasing in childhood and the more violent masculinity categories. Our analysis provides a bridge between gender analysis (with intersectionality) and the psychoanalytic in understanding men’s violence. This is important for interventions to prevent men’s violence against women and other men and support arguments for targeting violence prevention interventions.

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Edwards, Sarah R., und Verlin B. Hinsz. „EXPLORING ATTITUDINAL VARIABLES PREDICTIVE OF HOW MEN PERCEIVE RAPE“. Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 7, Nr. 1 (15.12.2013): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/13.07.16.

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86 male university students completed an assessment battery regarding their attitudes towards women and beliefs about sexual violence, as well as their own intentions to be sexually violent. They read five vignettes depicting different situations in which women were raped, and answered questions about what they thought happened in the vignettes, i.e. whether the actions depicted were rape. Results showed only one of the constructs, acceptance of sexual violence, predicted men’s ability to recognize rape scenarios, whereas hostility towards women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance and sex role stereotyping were not significant after acceptance of sexual violence was accounted for. Furthermore, men’s acceptance of sexual violence mediated the relationship of their perceptions of rape vignettes and their self-reported intentions to be sexually violent. Implications for further research in sexual violence and interventions to prevent acts of aggression towards women are discussed. Key words: rape, sexual aggression, violence against women.

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