Dissertationen zum Thema „Mélange pauvre en hydrogène“
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Villenave, Nicolas. „Étude expérimentale des propriétés fondamentales de la combustion de l'hydrogène pour des applications de propulsion“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ORLE1001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, the European Union is considering hydrogen as a promising energy carrier to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. While fuel cells and electric vehicles already play an important role in decarbonizing the transport sector, hydrogen is also seen as an alternative to conventional fuels for heavy-duty vehicles. Yet, a number of challenges linked to the physico-chemical properties of lean hydrogen combustion are still under investigation: abnormal combustion phenomena, production of nitrogen oxides,instabilities due to thermodiffusive effects, to state a few. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the auto-ignition process in lean hydrogen/air mixtures, as well as the propagation of laminar and turbulent premixed flames. First, measurements of hydrogen/air and hydrogen/air/nitrogen oxides ignition delay times are carried out using a rapid compression machine, to update and validate a kinetic mechanism under spark ignition engine-like conditions. Second, outwardly propagating spherical premixed laminar flames were studiedin a constant-volume combustion chamber, varying the initial temperature and steam dilution, and considering the intrinsic instabilities linked to the physico-chemical properties of hydrogen namely thermodiffusive,hydrodynamic and gravity-related instabilities. Then, expanding premixed turbulent flames are characterized by the generation of a homogeneous and isotropic turbulence zone within a spherical chamber. A parametric study is conducted by varying turbulent intensity, initial pressure and equivalence ratio. Finally, a turbulent correlation is proposed to describe the turbulent propagation of such flames, for use in numerical models
Hok, Jean-Jacques. „Stratégie de modélisation pour la simulation aux grandes échelles d'explosions de mélanges hydrogène-air pauvres“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe climate crisis the world faces today calls for immediate actions to curb down carbon emissions. In particular, a rapid energy transition towards cleaner sources is necessary. Among many candidates, hydrogen stands out as a carbon-free energy vector. However, its storage and transport in big quantities raise safety concerns. Following a leakage, mixed with the surrounding air, this hydrogen can form a highly flammable mixture. In case of accidental ignition of this mixture, different combustion scenarios and regimes are possible, depending on factors such as geometry (dimensions, confinement, presence of obstacles), mixture composition, temperature, pressure or turbulence level. These regimes range from slow deflagration to the transition to detonation in the worst case. To predict the damage induced by an explosion, Computational Fluid Dynamics has the advantage of being safer than experiments and gives access to quantities hard or impossible to measure empirically. This thesis deals with the prediction of lean hydrogen-air explosions using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). Lean H2-air mixtures are known for their distinctive sub-unity Lewis number, which characterises an unbalance between molecular and heat diffusion processes with major consequences: (1) lean H2-air flames are strongly sensitive to stretch; (2) they are prone to develop flame front cells due to the thermo-diffusive instability. Both constitute accelerating mechanisms which impact the overpressure generated during the explosion. In this work, we show that the Thickened Flame (TF) approach to simulate sub-unity Lewis number flames: (1) induces an amplification of stretch on the flame; (2) combined with the low grid resolution in LES, filters out flame front instabilities. The coupling of these undesired mechanisms can generate an erroneous flame propagation which questions the predictability of LES for lean H2-air explosions. In this thesis, a modelling strategy is proposed to reliably and accurately predict lean hydrogen-air explosions. A new paradigm is considered to separately correct the amplification of stretch effects and model subgrid phenomena due to the thermo-diffusive instability. These two corrections are first developed on canonical configurations and then extended and validated on more realistic explosion configurations
Malheiro, Salvador. „Etude expérimentale de la combustion d'un mélange méthane-air hétérogène globalement pauvre“. Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiet, Joffrey. „Etude expérimentale et numérique de la combustion en mélange pauvre des hydrocarbures légers“. Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaillefet, Thierry. „Combustion en milieu confiné d'un mélange pauvre initiée par un jet de gaz chauds“. Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2299.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMusi, Andrea. „Réduction des oxydes d'azote en mélange pauvre en utilisant des alcools comme agents réducteurs“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGauducheau, Jean-Loup. „Amélioration du fonctionnement d'un moteur alimenté au gaz naturel en mélange pauvre par ajout d'hydrogène“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMichou, Yanick. „Etude expérimentale de flammes diphasiques turbulentes, partiellement prémélangées et prévaporisées d'un mélange pauvre heptane-air“. Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMalet, Fabrice. „Etude expérimentale et numérique de la propagation de flammes prémélangées turbulentes dans une atmosphère pauvre en hydrogène et humide“. Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenissad, Farida. „Elaboration de fibres de carbone à partir du mélange méthane-hydrogène“. Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Stefano Maria. „Explosion d'un mélange hétérogène hydrogène-air dans un milieu clos obstrué“. Thesis, Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAB0013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe highly combustible nature of hydrogen poses a great hazard and its use imposes an accurate analysis of risk characterization and consequences to protect the installation and to reduce the potential risk. This thesis has been done in collaboration with EDF and it is included in the context of the explosion risks of an air hydrogen mixture in a room of the nuclear facility where there is a risk of accidental release. Indeed, the hydrogen can disperse quickly and burn easily in the presence of an ignition source causing heavy damage. The goal of this study is to provide a better understanding of the phenomena of dispersion and deflagration after an accidental release of hydrogen. Experimental results obtained at small scale are compared with numerical simulations obtained using FLACS code. A detailed plan has been drawn up, dividing the thesis into two parts: dispersal and deflagration. For each part, a bibliographic point is proposed, as well as a description of the experimental devices used. An experimental and numerical part is presented for each of the two phenomena. The studies carried out here have thus enabled us to obtain a real and complete analysis of the phenomenon of closed and clogged hydrogen discharge and small-scale and large-scale heterogeneous hydrogen-air mixture explosion. The most penalizing cases in terms of maximum concentration and concentration gradient were identified through a parametric study on the influence of the flow rate and the position of the rejection on the dispersion. The consequences during the explosion of these hydrogen-air mixtures were then studied through the analysis of the pressure wave and the propagation of the flame
Coillard, Véronique. „Capteurs de monoxyde d'azote pour moteurs automobiles à mélange pauvre, réalisés en technologie microélectronique couches épaisses“. Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoubiran, François. „Physique des plasmas denses : le mélange hydrogène-hélium dans les intérieurs planétaires“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaix-Gantier, Aurélie. „Phénoménologie et calculs numériques de la propagation d'une flamme prémélangée hydrogène-air pauvre dans un milieu turbulent“. Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concerns the study of flame propagation in a turbulent flow of lean hydrogen-air mixtures. The aim is to precise the characteristics of propagation as well as combustion and turbulence models able to take into account the pecularities of these mixtures. This research work is related to the prevention of firehazards associated with accidental release of hydrogen within the reactor of a nuclear power plant. In a first part, the scales (the flame velocity and thickness) associated with the laminar flame propagation in hydrogen-air mixtures are studied. A specific attention is devoted to the intrinsic instability properties of such flames. Then, the turbulence scales potentially present within a reactor are estimated in order to allow for the determination of the regimes of combustion that might be present within the reactor and among which the flamelet regime appears to be conceivable. In a second part, starting with the analysis of the propagation properties of a mean reaction zone calculated with a flamelet model, we show that, with an adequate tuning of the parameter appearing in the mean reaction rate expression, it is possible to predict numerically the turbulent flame speeds available with the litterature
Rinderknecht, Sylvie. „Étude de l'orientation dans un mélange de polymères à interactions par liaisons hydrogène“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq26034.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWinisdoerffer, Christophe. „Thermodynamique des plasmas denses dans des conditons astrophysiques : hélium et mélange hydrogène-hélium“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSL0246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdiaye, Mamadou Mamour. „Effet de la composition du gaz naturel sur la combustion en mélange pauvre dans un moteur à allumage commandé“. Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT016H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouffet, Marie-Emilie. „Nouvelle méthode de diagnostic optique des plasmas thermiques : application au mélange argon-hydrogène-hélium“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/338/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThermal plasma temperature is a key parameter in the study of intrinsic properties as well as in the control and optimization of industrial processes. To determine the temperature, emission spectroscopy is often used because the intensity of the plasma radiation changes strongly according to its temperature. A new diagnostic method to evaluate thermal plasma temperature is investigated. Both simple and reliable, this technique can fast be applied on industrial reactors. This method in principle consists of using the relative and absolute dependencies on temperature of the emitted plasma radiation in various spectral regions. The technique needs a preliminary study to calculate these relations. So the theoretical plasma radiation was calculated. We have considered the continuum, by paying a particular attention in atomic and molecular contributions, and the lines, by taking into account the absorption. Radiative calculations are allowed to establish a base of theoretical data, from 30 nm to 4500 nm and 5 kK to 30 kK, for Ar-H2-He plasma mixtures at atmospheric pressure. An experimental study was carried out to validate the methods. The set-up is composed of a wall-stabilized arc and a multichannel spectrometer. Values of temperature o btained by the new method are compared with literature and the classical measurements based on absolute line intensity method. We limit to work in pure argon and Ar-H2 mixture. Experimental results are presented and discussed
Bruet, Xavier. „Mécanismes de relaxation collisionnelle dans l'hydrogène et l'azote en mélange gazeux : application à la thermométrie optique dans les moteurs cryogéniques et les moteurs a combustion interne“. Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBertin, Thierry. „Elimination par voie catalytique des oxydes d'azote émis lors du fonctionnement des moteurs "Diesel" et des moteurs "essence mélange pauvre"“. Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInkari, Pascal Guy Serge. „Elimination par réduction catalytique des oxydes d'azote émis lors du fonctionnement des moteurs "diesel" et des moteurs "essence mélange pauvre"“. Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeillex, Jean-Paul. „Méthanisation à haute productivité du mélange hydrogène-dioxyde de carbone par des cultures pures thermophiles“. Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBellenoue, Marc. „Etude expérimentale de la combustion initiée par effet catalytique d'un mélange hydrogène-air en écoulement supersonique“. Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2251.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaron-Charles, Marylise. „Purification de l'hydrogène sous forme libre ou combinée dans un mélange gazeux par réactions chimiques avec l'uranium“. Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT008G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLapisardi, Grégory. „Oxydation du méthane dans les effluents de moteurs à gaz fonctionnant en mélange pauvre sur des catalyseurs à base de métaux précieux“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work concerns the study of catalysts based on Pt and Pd for the total oxidation of methane with the aim of its removal from lean-burn gas motors exhausts (NGV, cogeneration). Monometallic Pd and Pt catalysts and bimetallic PdxPt1-x catalysts were deposited on Al2O3 and SnO2 and studied. The influence of a mild steam ageing under wet atmosphere simulating along-term use was examined. Pd-rich bimetallic catalysts on Al2O3 exhibit better catalytic properties than the reference Pd/Al2O3 catalyst: better resistance upon ageing, better activity in wet atmosphere. These properties are related with an interaction of Pt with Pd, interaction revealed by various physico-chemical techniques. The use of SnO2 as support does not allow to improve the catalytic performances of mono or bimetallic catalysts. All the studied catalysts deactivate in the presence of sulphur-containing compounds (H2S, SO2) due to poisoning of active sites. The stability of the poison species depends on the metal, the support used and the reaction temperature
Galliez, Kévin. „Etude et compréhension du piégeage irréversible de l'hydrogène à l'aide d'un mélange MnO2/Ag2O“. Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe hydrogen risk generated by radiolysis of organic compounds during a nuclear waste transport is a major issue. The use of irreversible getters is considered to limit this risk. The aim of this work is to study one of these getters, MnO2/Ag2O, in order to better understand the trapping phenomenon and to ensure its reliability. Initially several parameters affecting the trapping kinetics were studied. It has been shown that among all MnO2 allotropic phases, the nsutite has the best trapping kinetics. Moreover, specific surface area and defect amount in MnO2 can enhance trapping performances. Ag2O weight percentage (acting as promotor) has been determined at 13 % to have the best trapping kinetics. Chemisorption of H2, which is required for its application, has been shown by using several characterization techniques such as magnetometry, infrared spectroscopy and electronic energy loss spectroscopy. The trapping irreversibility and the regeneration of the getter have been demonstrated respectively under nitrogen or air at 150 °C. Finally, proton insertion mechanism in MnO2 has been elucidated by pairs distribution function analysis through the development of a model to simulate the complex structure of MnO2. It has been shown that Ag2O is turned into Ag2CO3 during the preparation of the getter under water, which has never been demonstrated
Malbois, Pierre. „Analyse expérimentale par diagnostics lasers du mélange kérosène/air et de la combustion swirlée pauvre prémélangée, haute-pression issue d’un injecteur Low-NOx“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR25/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAeronautical engine manufacturers are banking on the development of innovative fuel injection systems to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the experimental investigation of a "Lean Premixed" injector by developing laser diagnostics coupling approaches based on Mie scattering and fluorescent emission of tracers. Measurements are performed at high pressure on the HERON combustion test bench. An innovative approach with fluorescence imaging of kerosene has resulted in the quantification of the kerosene/air mixture. The flame structure was analyzed simultaneously by OH-PLIF and velocity PIV measurements were performed to complete this analysis. A preliminary development of CO-PLIF was also conducted. The numerous measurements provided a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of flame/spray/aerodynamic interactions during a swirl-stabilized kerosene/air combustion at high pressure
Paloc, Rissons Véronique. „Procédé de traitement d'un mélange air-hydrogène sulfuré par lavage basique oxydant avec génération électrolytique interne du chlore“. Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUrfels, Laetitia. „Oxydation du méthane à basse température sur des catalyseurs à base de métaux précieux : application à l'échappement des véhicules GNV fonctionnant en mélange pauvre“. Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKévin, Galliez. „Étude et compréhension du piégeage irréversible de l'hydrogène à l'aide d'un mélange MnO2/Ag2O“. Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763925.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMahzoul, Hakim. „Etude expérimentale et théorique du piégeage et de la réduction des oxydes d'azote des échappements des moteurs automobiles à mélange pauvre par les catalyseurs de type piège à NOx“. Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0563.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaillet, Florian. „Optimisation d’un procédé à deux étapes pour la production d’un mélange hydrogène/méthane (biohythane) à partir de la fraction fermentescible des ordures ménagères“. Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo-step process producing biologically a mixture of H2/CH4 (5-20 % of H2) so called biohythane can be used for organic fraction of municipal solid waste valorization (OFMSW). The first step consists of a dark fermentation reactor (hydolysis/acidogenesis) which allows a partial degradation of organic matter into H2 and simple molecules (volatile fatty acid, sugar, ethanol…). Then the outlet of the first reactor can be used in a second reactor for methane production ending organic matter degradation. However, only high efficiency of the dark fermentation step allows making this two-step process economically viable compared to a simple anaerobic digestion reactor. The aim of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of the dark fermentation process for optimizing hydrogen and metabolites productions. Experiments were achieved to better understanding the main factors limiting hydrogen production along with the operational conditions that could improve hydrogen yield. This thesis also shows the high stability and robustness of effluent recirculation for consecutive hydrogen batch reactor. Finally, several sizes of reactors were performed for a scale-up of the process in order to reach the real operational conditions in industrial scale. This thesis provides new knowledge of the dark fermentation process in mixed culture for creating an industrial two-step process for biohythane production using municipal solid waste
Stoukov, Alexei. „Etude numérique de la couche de mélange réactive supersonique“. Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHalter, Fabien. „Caractérisation des effets de l'ajout d'hydrogène et de la haute pression dans les flammes turbulentes de prémélange méthane/air“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591421.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoissac, Corinne. „Diagnostics spectroscopiques des plasmas froids dans l'azote et le mélange azote-hydrogène en écoulement : étude de faisabilité d'un procédé de nitruration d'un verre de phosphate“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-362.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa validite des temperatures rotationnelles et translationnelles a rendre compte de la temperature du gaz est discutee. Par ailleurs, une methode originale de determination de ce parametre, basee sur la mesure de la temperature d'une lame plongee dans le plasma, est elaboree. La cinetique des especes (n 2(a 3 + u) et n( 4s 0) dans l'ionisation secondaire est discutee. L'invariance de la densite atomique dans cette zone temoigne d'une cinetique controlee par les lois des gaz parfaits et de transport. En revanche, il est etabli une production locale de l'espece n 2(a 3 + u) dans la post-decharge. Les implications de ces resultats sont discutees. Dans la partie b, la faisabilite de la nitruration du verre de metaphosphate de sodium assistee par plasmas est demontree. Un diagnostic spectroscopique de ces milieux, axe principalement sur la determination de la temperature du gaz, est realise. Une source plasma originale, utilisant une cavite helicoidale, est employee et caracterisee. Les analyses par spectroscopie de photoelectrons induits par rayons x et infrarouge permettent d'estimer l'efficacite des differents traitements plasmas
Cabot, Gilles. „Mesures par diffusions de Mie et de Rayleigh des profils de fraction de mélange et de température dans une flamme de diffusion turbulente H2-air“. Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRessouche, Emilie. „Nanostructuration de mélanges de polymères supra(macro)moléculaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066758.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSupramolecular polymers are polymers constituted or linked by non-covalent interactions. They can be classical polymers linked by stickers, named here “supramacromolecular polymers”, or self-assembled low molecular weight molecules, leading to a “supramolecular polymer”. In solution, supramolecular polymers, depending on their shape, can entangle and form thermoreversible gels. In bulk, unlike classical polymers, supramacromolecular polymers are dynamic, thus they can exhibit interesting properties (self-repair, adhesion, stimuli-responsive self-organized nanostructures). The aim of this thesis is to study bis-urea-based supra(macro)molecular polymer mixtures, in solution or in bulk. In solution, synergies are characterized, at microscopic (microstructure) and macroscopic scale (rheology). In bulk, low molecular weight molecules are mixed with supramacromolecular polymers on one hand, and supramacromolecular polymers blends are created on the other hand. The materials are studied both at microscopic (microstructure) and macroscopic scale (rheology, mechanical properties)
Delicat, Yathis Giovanni. „Etude de la réactivité de l’iode transporté dans un mélange H2/H2O en conditions de combustion dans des flammes basse pression pré-mélangées“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo assess kinetics aspects of iodine chemistry in an environment of a severe accident in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), at the laboratory scale, an experimental reactor named “flat flame burner” has been implemented. Low pressure flames of H2/O2/Ar premixed gas seeded with known amounts of iodhydric acid and steam were studied. The quantification of chemical species (HI, H2O, OH) in such environment was obtained by specific analytical techniques (Fourier Transform InfraRed absorption spectrometry, FTIR and Laser Induced Fluorescence, LIF), the evolution of the temperature was determined by LIF and by thermocouple measurements. Further assays were performed in a flow reactor in which gaseous molecular iodine was injected and transported in a stream or hydrogen flow and a strong temperature gradient, representative of the primary circuit in the case of a severe accident. The resulting gaseous species (I2 and HI) were quantified by ICP-MS and UV-Visible spectrometry. This experimental database has been used as a support to develop a detailed kinetic mechanism for the {I, O, H} system. It is composed of 37 reversible reactions involving 5 iodinated species. The thermokinetic parameter database has been actualized by using theoretical chemistry tools and also completed with data found in the literature. Modelling was performed by using the PREMIX code for flame assays, and with the in IRSN’s severe accident simulation code ASTEC/SOPHAREOS code for flow reactor assays. The comparison between experiment and modelling shows that this detailed mechanism is able to reproduce the iodine chemistry in conditions representative of a PWR severe accident
Bieber, Thomas. „Etude expérimentale d'une source plasma RF à configuration hélicon dans le mélange Ar/H2 : application à la gravure chimique de surfaces graphitiques dans le cadre des interactions plasma-paroi du divertor d'ITER“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlasma-wall interactions are one of the main issues in fusion research and must be thoroughly studied to progress in this topic. The objective of this work is to develop an atomic hydrogen source at low pressure (< Torr) in a helicon configuration reactor working in H2/Ar gas mixture. This source is then used to study the chemical etching of graphite and carbon fiber composites composing the limiter of the Tore Supra tokamak. Depending on the experimental conditions, the RF power coupling of the reactor can be in capacitive, inductive, Trivelpiece-Gould or low field helicon mode. The characterization of these modes determined that in this case the inductive one presents the greatest interest for the atomic hydrogen source. Further studies in inductive mode showed that increasing the confinement magnetic field leads to a decrease of measured relative densities of two metastable levels of argon ion and one metastable state of neutral argon. A simple model simulating neutral metastable state behavior confirmed that these levels are destroyed by electronic collisions towards upper levels. The chemical etching of graphite exposed to the atomic hydrogen source is relatively efficient (up to 3 µm/h) at 10 mTorr and drops with the pressure. A qualitative analysis of atomic hydrogen kinetics concluded that this behavior is due to the decrease of atomic hydrogen flux on the sample with increasing pressure. Finally, first observations of the etched surface underlined different structures (nanoparticles clusters and deposits). These can be compared to the ones observed in different tokamaks
Pak, Sun. „Adaptation, combustion et limites pauvres d'un moteur à allumage commandé au gaz naturel obtenu par conversion d'un diesel faible puissance“. Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1d663861-db36-4829-9d80-aa7826a05ebe.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAstanei, Dragoş-George. „Improving the performances of the combustion engines by improving the ignition system“. Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaced with the current and future more and more drastic standards for pollutant emissions, the car manufacturers are permanently trying to improve the efficiency of spark ignition engines. One of the most effective applicable solutions for reducing the quantity of pollutant emissions (HC, CO, NOx) from the exhaust gases and also to reduce the fuel consumption is to operate with very lean mixture (equivalent ratio lower than 0.6). However, this operation concept is limited by the actual ignition systems that cannot assure an air/fuel mixture ignition in good conditions, in order to assure a complete, fast and repeatable combustion. The subject of this thesis consists into developing of a new ignition system based on a double spark plug, which can produce two quasi-simultaneous spark discharges with cumulated length few times higher than the sparks produced by a conventional spark plug. For ignition system validation, three different types of analysis have been considered: the analysis of the discharges electrical parameters, the plasma diagnosis using optical emission spectroscopy methods and the tests of the ignition system on two internal combustion engines with the exhaust gases analysis and engine performances determination. The tests revealed that the utilization of the double spark ignition system can assure a better stability in engine operation (especially in difficult ignition conditions such using very lean mixtures), increased engine performances for the same amount of consumed fuel and it can provide a diminution of the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide quantities from the exhaust gases, but with an increased quantity of nitrogen oxides, compared with a conventional ignition system
Techer, Anthony. „Simulation aux grandes échelles implicite et explicite de la combustion supersonique“. Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is devoted to the Large-eddy simulation (LES) study of a wall hydrogen underexpanded jet in a supersonic crossflow of vitiated air. This configuration is representative of flow conditions encountered in aerospace engines such as supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjets). Indeed, future of high-speed transport systems heavily depends on the development of this type of engine. Under such conditions, the high temperature flow of vitiated air is maintained supersonic in the combustion chamber to reduce effects of heating and dissociation. The mixing and combustion processes that develop downstream of the fuel jet are studied. This work is based on the use of a high fidelity numerical simulation: CREAMS (Compressible REActive Multi-species Solver) which is developed at the Pprime Institute. This computational solver makes use of high precision numerical schemes: a 3rd order Runge–Kutta scheme for the time integration combines with a 7th order WENO and 8th order centered scheme for the spatial discretisation. Non-reactive simulations allow to characterize the importance of shock/turbulence interactions with special attention paid to the description of the unresolved (i.e. sub-grid scale) scalar fluctuations. The reactive simulations allow to perform a detailed analysis of the stabilization mode and turbulent combustion regimes tha are encountered, thus providing valuable information about the possible adequacy of the available representation for these extreme conditions
Eugênio, Ribeiro Fábio Henrique. „Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Combustion in Situations Relevant to Scramjet Engine Propulsion“. Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScramjet engines are high-speed air breathing propulsion systems that do not require rotating elements to compress the air inlet stream. The flow is compressed dynamically through a supersonic intake system integrated in the aircraft’s forebody, reaching the required pressure and temperature for combustion to proceed within the combustor in this kind of engine. The combustion chamber is crossed by a supersonic flow, which limits severely the time available to inject fuel, mix it with oxidizer, ignite the resulting mixture and reach complete combustion. Cavities can be used to increase the residence time without excessive total pressure loss and are therefore used as flame holders in supersonic combustors.This thesis focuses in studying the flame stabilization mechanism and turbulence-chemistry interactions for a jet in a supersonic crossflow (JISCF) of vitiated air with hydrogen injection upstream of a wall-mounted squared cavity. The corresponding reactive high-speed flow conditions are scrutinized on the basis of numerical simulations of a scramjet model representative of experiments previously conducted at the University of Michigan. The computations are performed with the high-performance computational solver CREAMS, developed to perform the numerical simulation of compressible reactive multi-component flows on massively-parallel architectures. The solver makes use of high-order precision numerical schemes applied on structured meshes and the combustion chamber geometry is modeled by using the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) algorithm. The present set of computations is conducted within the LES framework and the subgrid viscosity is treated with the wall-adapting local eddy (WALE)model. Two distinct temperatures are considered in the inlet vitiated airstream to study combustion stabilization. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the reactive flow topology and structure,and the combustion regimes are analyzed on the basis of standard turbulent combustion diagrams