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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mélange de pellet“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mélange de pellet"
Ros, Nathalie. „¿Compartir o repartir? Retos de delimitación marítima en el Mediterráneo oriental“. Revista Estudios Jurídicos. Segunda Época, Nr. 23 (25.09.2023): e7888. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/rej.n23.7888.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuilhaudis, Jean-François. „Hommage à Paul Tavernier“. Paix et sécurité européenne et internationale Numéro 17 (28.02.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.61953/psei.2981.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Mélange de pellet"
Molinero, Guerra Agustin. „Caractérisations expérimentale et numérique du comportement hydro-mécanique d'un matériau hétérogène : mélange de poudre/pellets de bentonite“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present investigation deals with the hydro-mechanical behavior of a mixture composed of pellets and powder of MX80 bentonite with a proportion of 80/20 in dry mass. This is one of the studied materials by the French Institute for Radiation protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) within the SEALEX project, which aims at investigating the long-term performance of swelling clay-based sealing systems in the context of geological high-level radioactive waste disposal. This study has been conducted by following an experimental program covering different scales. Firstly, the microstructure changes while wetting of a single pellet was investigated by combining MIP results with μ-CT observations. Results revealed that swelling of a pellet is due to the development of cracks, with significant development between 38 and 9 MPa of suction, combined to swelling of bentonite grains, which is governed by the hydration mechanisms of smectite at nano-scale. The application of suctions below 9 MPa leads to a significant decrease of the platelet thickness and to an increase in the disorder of the platelet assembly. Water retention tests, swelling pressure tests and suction controlled oedometer tests on the pellet/powder mixture were performed. Similar water retention properties were observed for the mixture under constant-volume condition and pellet under free swelling condition under suctions higher than 4 MPa, suggesting that physico-chemical suction prevails on capillary suction. At lower suctions, constant-volume condition defined a lower water retention capacity because of the disappearance of macro-pores. Lower yield stress values than the common pure bentonite mixtures were found for the pellet/powder mixture for non-zero suctions, showing that the volume change behavior is governed by the rearrangement and crushing of pellets, and the loss of the granular structure in the case of zero suction. Two mock-up tests were performed, aiming at studying two extreme cases at a global dry density of 1.49 Mg/m3: a homogeneous pellet/powder mixture fabricated by following a special protocol, and a strong heterogeneous sample. Results revealed that the radial swelling pressure depends strongly on the local pellet/powder distribution combined with the evolution of the hydration front. An anisotropy swelling was found in both cases, being the axial swelling pressure lower than the radial one. Moreover, different values of axial pressure were found between the two tests, even though they have the same global dry density of samples. In parallel, μ-CT observations were carried out on the mixture while wetting, revealing a homogeneous sealed sample after 100 days of hydration. No density gradients were identified at the investigated resolution (50 μm/voxel) after this long time of hydration. A new damage model, which takes into account the development of fissures within a pellet while wetting, was proposed an included to the well-IVknown double porosity Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM) to carry out numerical simulations of one mock-up test. The initial heterogeneous porosity distribution was also considered to reproduce the anisotropy swelling. The experimental results obtained in this study will greatly help well understand the response of seals made up of pellets/powder bentonite mixture in the SEALEX in situ experiment. Moreover, the constitutive model developed taking into account the pellet cracking damage and the initial sample heterogeneity allows significantly improving the prediction of hydomechanical behavior of seals/plugs made up of this mixture, constituting thus an useful tool for the safety assessment of the nuclear waste disposal system
Dardé, Benjamin. „Experimental and numerical study of the hydromechanical behaviour of bentonite pellet-powder mixtures“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBentonite based materials are considered as a sealing material in radioactive waste disposal concepts because of their low permeability, radionuclide retention capacity and ability to swell upon hydration, thus filling technological gaps. Within this context, bentonite pellet mixtures have been studied owing to operational convenience. Pellets are laid in the galleries in a dry state as a granular assembly. The mixture progressively becomes more homogeneous upon hydration by the pore water of the host rock. Before homogenisation, the granular structure of the material controls the macroscopic behaviour of the mixture.The present work focuses on the experimental characterisation and numerical modelling of a mixture of bentonite pellet and crushed pellet (powder), in proportion 70/30 in dry mass, a candidate sealing material in the French concept of radioactive waste disposal. The proposition, implementation and validation of a new modelling framework, considering features such as the initial granular structure of the material or local heterogeneities of densities, is the main objective of this PhD work.The influence of the initial granular structure is evidenced by performing suction-controlled swelling pressure tests in the laboratory, using samples of various powder contents. From grain-level experimental characterisation, a simple model describing the hydromechanical behaviour of a pellet is proposed and implemented in a Discrete Element Method (DEM) code. Using DEM and the proposed model, aforementioned swelling pressure tests performed on samples containing no powder are satisfactorily simulated. The same method is used to model large granular assemblies of various pellet densities upon hydromechanical loadings. Relevant parameters involved in the macroscopic behaviour of pellet mixtures in “granular” state are identified from simulation results and constitutive laws are proposed to describe the hydromechanical behaviour of these materials using a continuum mechanics approach.The transition from “granular” state to “homogenised” state is described by criteria proposed from experimental results and data available in the literature and involves suction and relative volume fractions of pellet and powder. A modified version of the Barcelona Basic Model is proposed to model the material behaviour in “homogenised” state. The proposed model is implemented in the Finite Element Method (FEM) code BIL. Using a single set of parameters, all swelling pressure tests performed in the laboratory are satisfactorily reproduced in FEM simulations along the entire hydration path.The material behaviour upon hydration in constant volume condition is finally studied at a larger scale by performing mock-up imbibition tests, using various powder contents. Cells have a square section; a glass side and a camera allow the texture to be observed during hydration. The dominance of vapour transfers in the saturation process of the material, the influence and evolution of the granular structure upon hydration, and the influence of the powder content on the macroscopic response are notably identified. Transfer laws are proposed to describe the observed material behaviour in the mock-up tests and implemented in BIL.The realisation of larger scale coupled simulations using the proposed hydromechanical model is a perspective arising from this PhD work. Predictive simulations could be performed at the structure scale, considering relevant features such as the initial granular structure and local heterogeneities of density in the sealing plugs
Tyri, Danai Panagiota. „Contribution à l'étude de mélange en pellets composé d'argilite COx et de bentonite MX80 pour le remplissage des stockages géologiques“. Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe safe operation of the geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste indicates the galleries progressive closure, by installing sealing and backfill materials. The French disposal concept examines the crushed excavated Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone with bentonite additive (MX80) as backfill material. One of the ongoing studied backfill solutions considers the pelletized implementation of the mixture, due to potential set-up advantages. The pelletized mixture is emplaced inside the galleries at dry state, presenting initially a granular structure, gradually homogenised, due to swelling upon hydration from the groundwater of the surrounding rock. Objective of the PhD thesis is the determination and manufacturing of the pelletized mixture, as well as the analysis of its hydro-mechanical behaviour. The pelletized granulometry is selected to result in the highest possible packing density, defining the optimum grain size distribution (GSD). The implemented COx/MX80 backfill needs to present hydro-mechanical properties capable of limiting the voids after the saturation on the drift as well as blocking the concrete movement when liners cracking will occur in the long-term. Numerical and experimental gravitational deposits are conducted, to study the compactness of a granular material, without mechanical compaction. Simulations using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) investigate the granulometric effect on the granular material’s packing state, determining an optimum GSD. Supplementary experiments are used to evaluate and finalise the granulometric selection maximising the resulting density. Both studies investigate the effect of additional parameters (implementation protocol, inter-particle friction, deposit height,…) on the packing state. The pelletization of the selected GSD is performed for the first time on COx/MX80 powdered mixtures, by applying the compression method on a reconditioned tablet machine. The process is analysed to successfully fabricate pellets and optimise the challenging pellet production. COx/MX80 mixtures hydro-mechanical behaviour is experimentally investigated by performing infiltration tests under free and confined volume conditions. A parametric study on various powdered mixtures is conducted to characterise the materials physicochemical properties and evaluate their swelling capacity at densities expected on the backfill implementation. On the other hand, the finalised pellets assembly on various compositions is directly tested in terms of swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity
Piednoir, Brice. „Comportement en combustion de résidus de biomasse : mise en évidence de synergies par mélange sous forme de granulés“. Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCombustion of biomass residues, which are generally poorly valued, could provide an attractive supply solution for energy production, alleviating pressure on forest resources. However, the chemical composition of these residues is causing both technical and environmental problems in existing combustion processes, which limits their use. Two of these problems have been addressed in this thesis: the amount of volatilized potassium and NOX emissions, when burning different residues. Combustion tests have been conducted in laboratory-scale reactors on pure and mixed biomass pellets. Variations in the amount of volatilized potassium was found to be linked to the content of multiple chemical elements for pure biomass pellets. In the case of NOx emissions, a strong correlation (R² = 0.98) with the nitrogen content of the fuel was found for pure biomass pellets. However, deviations from this linear relationship were observed for trials conducted on mixed biomass pellets, highlighting that the nitrogen content is not the only parameter involved. The work carried out thus made it possible to establish in an original way that synergies can exist in the pellets made of a mixture of biomass residues, leading to beneficial behaviors differing from the direct additivity of the biomass behaviors taken separately. These synergies could allow to mitigate the problems caused by the use of these residues in boilers by ingeniously acting directly on the properties of the fuels without modification of the process