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1
Xandry, Catherine. „Organisation d'un territoire aux abords de la ville : le cas de Metz, Strasbourg et Reims du milieu du Moyen Age au début de l'époque moderne“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG015/document.
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L’idée d’une thèse s’intéressant aux environs proches, au périurbain d’une ville vient d’une constatation : la plupart des études réalisées sur le phénomène urbain au Moyen Âge, que ce soient des monographies de villes, des études archéologiques…, traitent principalement de l’espace, de la topographie intra-muros. Ce travail a donc pour but d’étudier une ville dans un ensemble plus large, en examinant ce qui se trouve dans les environs proches de l’enceinte et en laissant de côté, pour une fois, l’intérieur des remparts. Dans cette optique, il étudie la composition, l’organisation géographique, et l’évolution topographique du périurbain de la ville durant une période allant de la fin du Moyen Âge à l’époque moderne. Il s’agit de se poser la question des rapports entre la ville et son périurbain, en voyant comment elle l’utilise et en quoi il lui est nécessaire. Afin de contourner l’écueil de la monographie, trop facilement susceptible de traiter d’un cas « exception », cette recherche met en comparaison trois villes de même nature, Reims, Metz et Strasbourg, toutes trois villes épiscopales, d’origine romaine et de plus de 10.000 habitants au cours de la période étudiéeThe idea of a PhD on the close vicinity, the ‘periurban’ area of a city, stems from an observation: most of the studies done on the urban phenomenon in the Middle Ages, whether cities monographs or archeological studies, focus mainly on the intramural space and topography. To the contrary, the current work aims to study a city in a broader whole, through the review of the close vicinity of the precinct, and ignoring, for once, which is inside the walls. In this regard, it studies the composition, the geographical organization and the topographic evolution of the ‘periurban’ area of the city, during a period from the end of the Middle Ages to the modern era. Its questioning focuses on the relationship between the city and its ‘periurban’, how it uses it, and how it needs it. In order to prevent the too common risk for monographs of addressing an ‘exception’, this research draws a comparison between three cities, Reims, Metz and Strasbourg, similar in that they all are Episcopal cities, of roman origin and counting more than 10.000 inhabitants during the period studied
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Dutka, Tomáš. „Návrh udržitelné městské struktury - na bázi středověkého města - pro 21.století“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443712.
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The assignment of diploma thesis was the design of a sustainable urban structure based on a medieval city in Náměšť nad Oslavou. As part of the work, I tried to find the best solution for this solved area, which is isolated by a railway corridor and suggest a new city district based on the principle of a medieval city, which will be linked to the existing city. The proposed development of city blocks is built on a system of platforms that level the terrain within the blocks and enable optimal parking spaces and the use of commercials. This development is complemented by several blocks with villa houses and a city SPA complex. The proposal supports the construction of cycle paths that connect parts of the solved area with the Rathan recreation pond. The design also includes a large park with a lookout tower and a sports ground on the city horizon ner the SPA complex. The accent was also placed on the public area near the new railway station, which serves to gather people for cultural and entertainment opportunities. This public space should not compete with an existing Masaryk square, which fulfills a representative and administration function.
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Cummins, Josephine M. „Attitudes to old age and ageing in medieval society“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2542/.
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The thesis begins by exploring the threshold of old age in the Middle Ages. The subjectivity of ageing is rehearsed and the difficulties of identifying the elderly by physical or mental traits. A discussion on fixing the starting point of old age using the aetates hominis and relevant medical and legislative sources follows. The thesis continues with an examination of attitudes towards biological ageing. Chapter Two adopts the physiology of Galen (129-199) in relation to ageing as a starting point and follows its development in the Middle Ages. Ancient and medieval attitudes to the fundamental question of whether ageing is natural or pathological are also considered. The pathologies which were associated with old age in the medieval period are identified and the various lines of treatment which were prescribed for them are assessed. The theological view on ageing in relation to sin is determined next. The attitude of spiritual physicians to elderly penitents is explored by examining the libri poenitentiales. Theological and physiological attitudes are then compared. The theme of wholeness and disintegration which is highlighted by that comparison is carried into the following chapter which considers images of old age in medieval literature. In particular, the old person's proximity to physical corruption is explored against the background of medieval society's fascination with death and the cadaver. Chapter Five attempts to mitigate the harsh view of life in old age in the literary sources by analysing notions of the debt which children owed to aged parents and considering the means of social security which were available to the elderly when the family failed to support them. The ultimate purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of medieval society's understanding of how and why humans aged and the attitude of that society to its liminal members.
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Rochester, Thomas Edward. „Sanctity and authority : documenting miracles in the age of Bede“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8280/.
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This doctoral dissertation investigates the writings of the Venerable Bede (673-735) in the context of miracles and the miraculous. It begins by exploring the patristic tradition through which he developed his own historical and hagiographical work, particularly the thought of Gregory the Great in the context of doubt and Augustine of Hippo regarding history and truth. It then suggests that Bede had a particular affinity for the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles as models for the writing of specifically ecclesiastical history. The use of sources to attest miracle narratives in six hagiographies known to Bede from Late Antiquity are explored before applying this knowledge to Bede and five of his early Insular contemporaries. The research is rounded off by a discussion of Bede’s use of miracles in the context of reform, particularly his desire to provide adequate pastoral care through his understanding of the ideal bishop best exemplified by Cuthbert and John of Beverley. By examining Bede and the miraculous not only through the lens of his predecessors but also among his contemporaries, this thesis ultimately positions Bede as an innovative Anglo-Saxon scholar, though one clearly conscious of the traditions within which he was working.
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Bennett, Andrew 1964 June 1st. „The Medieval Kingdom topology : peer relations in kingergarten children“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60441.
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The focus of this research was to examine whether the Medieval Kingdom social role topology, as devised by Adcock and Segal (1983), could be applied with kindergarten children, and to assess the association between the social roles children assumed and seven non-behavioral variables. One hundred and seventy-three children from ten kindergarten classes in two schools participated in the study. Hypotheses that the Medieval Kingdom could be distilled from a sample of kindergarten children and that specific non-behavioral variables including cognitive ability, physical attractiveness, self-esteem, and chronological age were related to the assumption of leadership roles within the topology were confirmed. Children's gender, birth order, and number of siblings were not found to influence status within the social hierarchy. The findings suggest that the Medieval Kingdom is a potentially useful heuristic for understanding the peer relationships of kindergarten children.
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Bayley, Justine Cecily. „Non-ferrous metalworking in England : late Iron Age to early medieval“. Thesis, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309460.
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7
Amlé, Anton. „Black Pool : Hiberno-Norse identity in Viking Age and Early Medieval Ireland“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227470.
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This paper is aimed at mapping important traits in a Hiberno-Norse identity. This is the main focus of the essay, but another important part is to problematize this using several theoretical approaches of which the main are identity, creolization and hybridization. The Hiberno-Norse culture being primarily an urban phenomenon, the thesis is delimited to the Hiberno-Norse towns with occasional comparisons to Scandinavia to see how the native Irish population influenced the invaders and how they gradually evolved into the Hiberno-Norse. Early on the Norse show signs of creolization that would ultimately lead to the creation of the Hiberno-Norse hybrid culture known from history and archaeology – an urban culture that show blended Norse and Irish features.Denna uppsats är till för att sammanställa viktiga uttryck I en Iro-Skandinavisk identitet. Detta är huvudsyftet med uppsatsen, men en annan viktig del är att problematisera detta genom flera teoretiska begrepp, där de främsta är identitet, kreolisering och hybridisering. Då den Iro-Skandinaviska kulturen framför allt var ett urbant fenomen har uppsatsen avgränsats till de Iro-Skandinaviska städerna, med sporadiska jämförelser med Skandinavien för att se hur den inhemska Irländska befolkningen influerade angriparna och hur de skulle komma att utvecklas till Iro-Skandinaverna. Tidigt uppvisar nordborna tecken på kreolisering, som till slut skulle leda till uppkomsten av den Iro-Skandinaviska hybridkulturen känd från historian och arkeologin – en urban kultur som uppvisar blandade nordiska och irländska drag.
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Pozas-Loyo, Julia. „The development of the indefinite article in Medieval and Golden-Age Spanish“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/610.
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Unitary cardinals are a common source for indefinite markers. This thesis is a quantitative diachronic study of the development of Spanish un, from its cardinal value to its use as an indefi nite article. Based on a corpus comprising texts from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, I present an analysis and chronology of the main changes undergone by un throughout this period, notably its increasing use as a marker of non-speci c indefinites, and its further incorporation in generic noun phrases and predicates. Additionally, I demonstrate that the development of the plural indefinite determiner unos is, with a few restrictions, parallel to that of its singular counterpart, not only in its increasing frequency, but also in its introduction into new contexts. Furthermore, I present a comparison between un and alg un in terms of speci city and conclude that although there are evident links between them, both being inde nite determiners derived from Latin unus, they have always had di erent functional domains. Finally, I show that one of the consequences of the incorporation of un into generic contexts is the rise of the so-called impersonal uno, and explain that this event is crucial to explain the disappearance of another generic pronoun, omne, whose last examples are found in the sixteenth century, that is, precisely the moment where the first instances of impersonal uno occur.
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Lerwick, Danika C. „Identity in the Dark Age : a biocultural analysis of early medieval Scotland“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14782.
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This thesis explores identity in early mediaeval Scotland (ca 800-1300AD) using biological and burial deposition data. During this period Scotland was developing as a unified kingdom. The Norse, Scots, and Anglo-Saxons battled for political power. The Saxon and Irish Churches were pressuring for superiority over each other and over local beliefs. Many research areas in bioarchaeology have moved away from the more simplistic processual approach after a renewed understanding of the complexities of human existence. However, this newer methodology has not been sufficiently applied to early mediaeval Scottish studies. Common doxa still permeates the discipline despite the lack of critical assessment. Doxa tends to separate the early mediaeval Scottish world into the circumscribed categories of Norse (or ‘Viking’) and native, Christian and pagan. These commonly accepted site designations regarding ethnicity and religion were used to assess three hundred and twenty-one individuals from 21 sites. These individuals were analysed macroscopically for age, sex, stature and limb ratios, craniometrics, joint degeneration and disease, musculo-skeletal stress markers, dental pathologies, and overall health and disease. This data was compared to the available documentation for the sites considering site location, body position, cemetery type, grave enclosures, and grave furnishings. Statistical and qualitative methods were used to compare the data. Results suggest that there are slight differences within the population that may suggest some legitimacy for common site designations; however, the overall conclusion implies caution in the use of oversimplified categorising and a generally egalitarian view of identity for the early mediaeval people in Scotland.
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Curtis, Paula Renée. „Purveyors of Power: Artisans and Political Relations in Japan’s Late Medieval Age“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306860342.
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Dunlop, Kirsten. „Rhetoric and the city : reading Alberti, reading urban design“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302090.
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This thesis addresses the affinities between rhetoric and architecture. It is an essay in cultural history prompted by the reading of a text: Leon Battista Alberti's famous, mid-Quattrocento treatise on architecture, De re aedificatoria. It is about the interrelation of rhetoric and architecture in the city in Italy between the Trecento and the Cinquecento. The argument is framed by the notion that the city is a duality involving material and discursive cultures. The built and the written city unites architecture and rhetoric as cognate cultural practices, a kinship which suggests that one can be read in terms of the other. Accordingly, this thesis proposes rhetoric as a tool for reading actual cities, and develops a model of rhetoric to apply to Italian medieval/Renaissancec ities basedo n a precedent found in De re aedificatoria. The thesis is arranged into two parts. The first involves a thorough reading of Alberti's treatise. Chapter One focuses on the analogy between rhetoric and architecture in his theory, arguing that De re aedificatoria demonstrates a comprehensive grafting of rhetoric onto architecture that goes beyond analogy. It further suggests that this interdisciplinary approach is a product of the humanist culture of which Alberti was a part. Chapter Two expands this reading by recognizing the long-standing history of association between rhetoric and architecture in literature, a history that has continued into modem discourse. That association is then discussed in general historical and cultural terms extrapolated from Alberti's text. These terms form the basis of case studies presented in the second part of the thesis. Given that rhetoric is integral to the design of the city, the second part of the thesis is a demonstration of two propositions: the first, that rhetoric is a useful way of reading actual cities; and the second, that rhetoric is a useful way of reading the history of actual cities. These propositions are explored in two thematically defined case studies. Chapter Three looks at the relationship between art and power in the urbanism of Florence from 1280 to 1560, with a brief comparative discussion of Herculean Ferrara (1471-1505). Chapter Four examines a rhetorical practice of intertextuality and textualauthority in the late-Quattrocento building projects of Pope Pius II at Pienza and Federico da Montefeltro at Urbino. Both Part One and Part Two are prefaced by introductions that establish the terms of the rhetoric used in this thesis. The Introduction to Part One offers an explanation in general theoretical terms of rhetoric's capacity to be an integrative public discourse. The Introduction to Part Two sketches a proposed rhetoric of the city which is applied comparatively in the case studies that follow. The thesis as a whole works to establish the coexistence of the built and written cities in history and to show how rhetoric is able to integrate them. It argues that rhetoric is an appropriate and flexible means of reading the complex interweaving of aesthetics and politics, memory, text, discourse and material culture, the real and the unreal, in the construction and articulation of the city
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Smith, Helen Frances. „Disability, impairment and embodied difference in late-medieval drama : constructions, representations, and the spectrum of signification“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31033.
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This thesis explores the spectrum of signification of disability, impairment and embodied difference in medieval drama. Drama is an important medium in which to explore what the body is used to signify as it provides an extra dimension in the physical embodiment and performance of these physical and spiritual conditions. Despite the value of medieval drama in understanding the significations of physical and psychological affliction, it remains a neglected area of scholarly research. In order to understand the meaning of dramatic representations of disability and impairment, it is necessary to explore the spectrum of signification attached to these conditions, since they could elicit such unstable and ambivalent responses. In this endeavour, this thesis consults medical, historical and cultural sources in addition to play-texts and performance evidence in order to understand the construction and representation of specific types of physical and psychological affliction in medieval drama, and what these conditions are used to signify through the body. Over the four chapters of this thesis I examine the ageing body (chapter 1); the unconverted Jewish body (chapter 2); the disease of leprosy (chapter 3); and wounds, mutilation and dismemberment (chapter 4). The play-texts I use deliberately draw upon a wide range of characters and personified abstractions, from the moral and the sacred to the immoral and the profane, from biblical drama to morality plays. These diverse conditions and identities allow an overarching insight into their use and meanings in medieval drama. Similarly, the diverse range of characters allows me to consider how the body is used to reflect the moral and spiritual condition of a character through the embodied mode of dramatic performance. For each of my chapters, the conditions I discuss possess ambivalence in their contrasting meanings, which binds the thesis together as a whole in acknowledging the changing and contrasting significations of disability, impairment and embodied difference according to the context.
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Kruse, Marion Woodrow III. „The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436456307.
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Hansson, Emelie. „Den medeltida stadens hemligheter : en animalosteologisk analys av djurbenen från stadsparken i Kalmar“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295985.
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During the excavations of the City Park in Kalmar, Kalmar municipality, Småland, Sweden, in 2006 a quantity of approximately 100 kg of animal bones was excavated from the medieval settlement and harbour structures. These animal bones have been analysed and the results of the analysis will be discussed in the following paper. The purpose of the study was to identify what species is found and which parts of the body is represented in order to figure out the use and consumption of animals in the medieval city. In the analysis several osteological methods- among these; age determination, sex determination and estimation of height have been used in order to compare the material from Kalmar to analysed osteological materials from other parts of Sweden. The result of the analysis showed the following species: cattle, sheep, goat, pig, horse, dog, cat, rat, hare, unspecified bird and unspecified fish. A pattern has been found in the location of different types of material indicating one building that was burnt down while storing several joints of meat, including for example spare ribs. In the area around the harbour several bones from phalanges and the cranial parts of cattle was identified, indicating an area of butchering or tannery activities.
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Mooney, Dawn Elise. „The use and control of wood resources in Viking Age and medieval Iceland“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203527.
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This project investigates the use of wood in Iceland during the Viking and Early Medieval Periods, and discusses the control and management of wood resources and their variation over space and time. Previous palaeoenvironmental studies and historical sources had suggested that after the colonisation of Iceland around AD 870, the Norse settlers cleared the native Icelandic birch woodland to make way for hay fields, and used the timber for fuel and construction, rapidly reducing the woodland cover from its original 18-40% to the 1% present today. This investigation, which compares archaeological evidence to information about wood resources given in historical sources, reassesses these traditional models and interprets the decline of Icelandic woodland in relation to the utilisation and control of wood resources on the island, to understand the relationships between sites in terms of wood procurement, control and sharing. Wood anatomical analysis is used to assign taxonomic identifications to wooden artefacts and charred and mineralised wood remains from ten study sites across Iceland, allowing the origin of these assemblages to be identified as native wood, driftwood or imported wood. Understanding the distribution of non-native woods is essential to the understanding of how wood resources were shared and controlled on the island. The results show that despite the decline of the native woodlands, wood continued to be used as fuel and in artefact production and the construction of buildings and boats throughout the Medieval Period, and that the control of access to these resources was key to their continued availability. This project integrates for the first time archaeological, environmental and historical evidence, resulting in a holistic view of wood use during Viking Age and Medieval Iceland, and provides an important contribution to the understanding of natural resource use and human-environment interactions in the North Atlantic region.
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Evans, Harriet Jean. „Animal-human relations on the household-farm in Viking Age and medieval Iceland“. Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19139/.
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Studies of animal-human relations in the Old Norse world have often focussed on symbolic or economic relations with animals. In contrast, this thesis investigates relationships between domestic animals, humans, and the household-farm as expressed in laws, sagas, and material culture from Iceland. It demonstrates the complexity of animal-human relations in forming and sustaining the household-farm, and in shaping the admiration and anxieties expressed towards animals and animal-human relationships in narratives about the creation and operation of these home-places. Chapter 1 analyses narratives constructed around the settlement of Iceland, examining Landnámabók and stories about settlement in the Íslendingasögur, as well as modern archaeological interpretations of the Aðalstræti house. It argues that medieval Icelanders presented settlement as a tripartite exchange between humans, domestic animals, and the land; a representation at odds with recent archaeological interpretations. Chapter 2 reconstructs the legal regulation of animal-human relations in Grágás. It demonstrates that these laws encourage a demarcated legal landscape, in which domestic animals were to be controlled, protected, and punished; though these animals were not a homogenous category, and different animals had different status under the law and required differential treatment. Chapter 3 trials an experimental method to depict the areas of the farm, and to map how associations between animal and human spaces changed over time. It argues that relations between animals and humans shaped, and were shaped by the spatial organisation of the household-farm, and that such interactions constituted the past communities with which the Íslendingasögur sought to engage. Chapter 4 examines the concept of home in medieval Iceland, and the close relationship between the home, humans, and domestic animals in the Íslendingasögur. It argues that these sagas emphasise commonalities between certain men and domestic animals, and portray these animals simultaneously as animals, and actors in human social networks.
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Laidoner, Triin. „Ancestors, their worship and the elite in Viking Age and early medieval Scandinavia“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228202.
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Ancestor worship is often assumed by contemporary European audiences to be an outdated, distant and primitive tradition with little relevance to our societies, past and present. This study questions that assumption and seeks to determine whether ancestor ideology was an integral part of religion in Viking age and early medieval Scandinavia. The concept is examined from a broad socio-anthropological perspective, which is then used to generate an overarching 'lens' for a set of case studies which analyse the cults of specific individuals in the Old Norse literary tradition. The thesis argues that the views of social anthropologists have been ignored in Old Norse scholarship for too long and that they have great potential to contribute to our understanding of the religious diversity present in typical folk-religious societies worldwide, including those of pre-Christian Scandinavia. Of particular importance in this context is the concept of 'god', which in most traditional cultures is intimately related to the idea of family ancestors. The situation of gods in Old Norse religion has been almost exclusively addressed in isolation from these socio-anthropological perspectives. The public gravemound cults of deceased rulers are discussed conventionally as cases of sacral kingship, and more recently, religious ruler ideology; both are seen as having divine associations in Old Norse scholarship. Building on the anthropological framework, this study suggests that the gods in pagan Scandinavia and Iceland, too, were perceived as human ancestors belonging to elite families. This thesis also discusses the euhemerism found in the Old Norse sources and suggests that even if medieval authors were influenced by classical writings, the 'euhemerisations' are based on real perceptions. It does not reject the existence of ruler ideology, but argues that the ideology was based on conventional and widely recognised religious practices revolving around kinship and ancestors. It introduces the concept of 'superior ancestors', used in social anthropology to denote a form of political ancestor worship used to deliberately regulate social structure. It is argued that the communal worship of deceased rulers derived from their doubly important role as social leaders and as ancestors.
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Rye, Eleanor. „Dialect in the Viking-Age Scandinavian diaspora : the evidence of medieval minor names“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32254/.
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This thesis investigates the Scandinavian contribution to medieval microtoponymic vocabulary in two areas of northwest England, Wirral, part of the historic county of Cheshire in the north-west Midlands, and an area of the county of Cumbria, the West Ward of Westmorland Barony. It is shown that there was far greater Scandinavian linguistic influence on the medieval microtoponymy of the West Ward than on the medieval microtoponymy of Wirral. This thesis also assesses what conclusions can be drawn from the use of Scandinavian derived place name elements in microtoponyms. Scandinavian influence on microtoponymy has previously been interpreted, at one extreme, as evidence for Scandinavian settlement, and, at the other extreme, only as reflecting widespread Scandinavian influence on the English language and English naming practices. The relationship between Scandinavian settlement and Scandinavian influence on naming micropotonymy is explored by considering the microtoponymic evidence in the light of evidence illuminating the circumstances of Scandinavian settlement in the case-study areas, and by considering the evidence from the case-study areas within the wider context of Scandinavian influence on English naming practices. The substantial Scandinavian substantial influence on major place names in both areas confirms that Scandinavian had been spoken in Wirral and the West Ward. However, the Scandinavian contribution to toponymic vocabulary as recorded in the late medieval period was very different in the two areas, hinting at the indirectness of the link between Scandinavian settlement and influence on later microtoponymy. Indeed, detailed consideration of the use of individual Scandinavian-derived place name elements at a national level indicates that the areas over which some Scandinavian-derived place-name elements were used increased during the Middle English period. The factors underlying the usage of Scandinavian derived toponymic vocabulary in the late-medieval period are therefore more varied than has sometimes been acknowledged.
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Assis, Anne Caroline Moraes de. „A misoginia medieval como resíduo na literatura de cordel“. http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2807.
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ASSIS, Anne Caroline Moraes. A misoginia medieval como resíduo na literatura de cordel. 2010. 145 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Literatura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-21T14:41:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DIS_ACMASSIS.pdf: 1166857 bytes, checksum: 93ab9291094f79cab74efd13e97ca4c5 (MD5)
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The inferiority´s idea of women has been widespread in eastern and western civilizations. This design reached its apex in the Middle Ages, especially during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when the Catholic Church severally controlled the social and religious life of Christians - especially women - backed by the religious tenets trough the Inquisition. That mentality misogynist supporters and gained strength and continued by subsequent centuries, being in the residual pulp fiction and contemporary perceptible through the experience, vocabulary and expressions used by cordelistas to describe and portray women. The popular character of literary discourse also denotes a relationship of power veiled in which the woman is labeled as inferior and sinful. Crystallized over the centuries, this thought came to the events taking place in contemporary literature. The Brazil´s northeast is largely patriarchal and sexist in its cultural roots, which are observed in the production of popular literature in verse, when the cordelistas construct their narratives from the social, cultural and religious, which back, usually at the thought of the Middle Ages. The aim of this work was to identify, from the reading and analysis of cordage, misogynist morality and the construction of the female characters such as waste mentality inherited from the Middle Ages, found in popular narratives. Therefore, the Teoria da Residualidade, and its related concepts, namely: Residual, Cristalização, Mentalidade and Hibridação Cultural is the basis of this analysis. After analyzing the cordéis, it was clear that the terms and expressions, as well as religious morality, referring to the feminine reinforce and confirm the thinking of medieval clerics that the origin of evil lies with the woman, in essence. In this context, the line appears as an instrument for maintaining social order and the preservation of morals and morality, according to the Christian mentality.
A ideia da inferiorização da mulher tem sido disseminada nas civilizações orientais e ocidentais. Tal concepção atingiu o seu ápice na Idade Média, sobretudo, durante os séculos XIII e XIV, quando a Igreja Católica controlava com severidade a vida social e religiosa dos cristãos – em especial da mulher – respaldada nos dogmas religiosos através da Inquisição. Essa mentalidade misógina ganhou força e adeptos e perdurou pelos séculos subsequentes, sendo residual na literatura de cordel contemporânea e perceptível através da vivência, do vocabulário e das expressões usadas pelos cordelistas para descrever e retratar a mulher. O discurso literário de caráter popular também denota uma relação de poder velada, na qual a mulher é rotulada de inferior e de pecadora. Cristalizado ao longo dos séculos, este pensamento chegou à contemporaneidade ocorrendo nas manifestações literárias. Como a sociedade nordestina é, em grande parte, patriarcal e machista em suas raízes culturais, os quais são refletidos e percebidos na produção da literatura popular em verso, quando os cordelistas constroem suas narrativas a partir de elementos sociais, culturais e religiosos, os quais remontam, geralmente, ao pensamento da Idade Média. Pretende-se com este trabalho identificar, a partir da leitura e da análise de cordéis, a moral misógina e a construção das personagens femininas como resíduos dessa mentalidade herdada do medievo, presentes nas narrativas populares. Para tanto, a Teoria da Residualidade, bem como os seus conceitos correlatos, a saber: Residualidade, Cristalização, Mentalidade e Hibridismo Cultural, é a base condutora dessas análises. Após a análise dos cordéis, ficou claro que os termos e as expressões, bem como a moral religiosa, referentes ao universo feminino reforçam e confirmam o pensamento dos clérigos medievais de que a origem do mal está na mulher, na sua essência. Nesse contexto, o cordel configura-se como um instrumento de manutenção da ordem social e da preservação da moral e dos bons costumes, segundo a mentalidade cristã.
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Harrison, Matthew. „Fustat reconsidered : urban housing and domestic life in a medieval Islamic city“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/396526/.
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The domestic architecture of Fustat, Egypt’s first capital under Muslim rule, has been revealed through various large-scale archaeological excavations over the preceding century. The archaeological remains represent an exceptional resource for understanding urbanism and daily life in one of the foremost cities of the early Islamic world. This thesis explores the potential use and meaning of domestic space in the excavated houses of Fustat. An assessment of previous scholarship on the houses reveals that their form has principally been understood as a style of architecture imported to Egypt by foreign élites. While certain assumptions about life in the houses have been made based on generalised notions of the traditional ‘Arab house’, there has been little critical consideration of the activities and agency of inhabitants by archaeologists. This study therefore aims to re-interpret the architecture in terms of how inhabitants conceptualised and used the space. Fustat represents a highly problematic dataset due the circumstances of its excavation and recording, its vast size and longevity, and the extensive modern depredation of the archaeological remains. Thus, the potential of a range of archaeological approaches to the social interpretation of architectural space is assessed, considering the limitations of the available data. The analytical approach taken consists of exploratory spatial analysis of archaeological features across two of the excavated areas. These spatial patterns are considered in light of the evidence for daily life and domestic architecture from the Cairo Geniza, the collection of documents from the city’s medieval Jewish community.
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El, Fekkak Badr. „Cosmic justice in al-Fārābī's Virtuous City : healing the medieval body politic“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cosmic-justice-in-alfrbs-virtuous-city(46f280c2-73e1-4117-807c-36a1fc288bb4).html.
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This dissertation argues that, far from being incidental to al-Farabi’s political theory, the structural correspondence between the corporeal, cosmic and civil realms, constitutes one of its central tenets. The first chapter demonstrates that, according to al-FarabT, the universe displays a clear hierarchical organization (tartTb). Each one of its elements, whether material or immaterial, receives an allotted share (qusta) of existence (wujud), which reflects its ontological merit (isti’haf). As a result, each being in the celestial and sublunary realms, is fairly endowed with a proper rank (rutba) and a given function: Some elements have a serving role (khidma), while others occupy a leading position (ri’asa). The second chapter shows that the effects of this cosmic justice lead to a stratified structure in the human body. Indeed, according to al-FarabT’s strictly cardiocentric physiology, the heart rules over and directs all other subservient corporeal organs. These are, in order of importance; the brain, liver, lungs, stomach, spleen, intestines and genitalia. The third chapter examines how the structure and institutions of the virtuous city (al-madlna al-fadila) exhibit a similar hierarchy. The ideal sovereign ranks the polity’s various inhabitants in accordance with their innate or providentially endowed dispositions and acquired merit (isti’haf). As a result, the most gifted citizens occupy ruling positions, whereas the less talented members of the city are assigned a number of subordinate roles and functions. The closing chapter explores how al-FarabT frames his influential definition of civil science (’ilm al-madanT) by appealing to this structural analogy. Thus, he describes the virtuous kingly craft (mihna malikiyya fadila) in medical terms by comparing the physician’s ability to heal bodies with the supreme ruler’s capacity to govern virtuous cities.
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Assis, Anne Caroline Moraes de. „A misoginia medieval como resÃduo na literatura de cordel“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5204.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA ideia da inferiorizaÃÃo da mulher tem sido disseminada nas civilizaÃÃes orientais e ocidentais. Tal concepÃÃo atingiu o seu Ãpice na Idade MÃdia, sobretudo, durante os sÃculos XIII e XIV, quando a Igreja CatÃlica controlava com severidade a vida social e religiosa dos cristÃos â em especial da mulher â respaldada nos dogmas religiosos atravÃs da InquisiÃÃo. Essa mentalidade misÃgina ganhou forÃa e adeptos e perdurou pelos sÃculos subsequentes, sendo residual na literatura de cordel contemporÃnea e perceptÃvel atravÃs da vivÃncia, do vocabulÃrio e das expressÃes usadas pelos cordelistas para descrever e retratar a mulher. O discurso literÃrio de carÃter popular tambÃm denota uma relaÃÃo de poder velada, na qual a mulher à rotulada de inferior e de pecadora. Cristalizado ao longo dos sÃculos, este pensamento chegou à contemporaneidade ocorrendo nas manifestaÃÃes literÃrias. Como a sociedade nordestina Ã, em grande parte, patriarcal e machista em suas raÃzes culturais, os quais sÃo refletidos e percebidos na produÃÃo da literatura popular em verso, quando os cordelistas constroem suas narrativas a partir de elementos sociais, culturais e religiosos, os quais remontam, geralmente, ao pensamento da Idade MÃdia. Pretende-se com este trabalho identificar, a partir da leitura e da anÃlise de cordÃis, a moral misÃgina e a construÃÃo das personagens femininas como resÃduos dessa mentalidade herdada do medievo, presentes nas narrativas populares. Para tanto, a Teoria da Residualidade, bem como os seus conceitos correlatos, a saber: Residualidade, CristalizaÃÃo, Mentalidade e Hibridismo Cultural, à a base condutora dessas anÃlises. ApÃs a anÃlise dos cordÃis, ficou claro que os termos e as expressÃes, bem como a moral religiosa, referentes ao universo feminino reforÃam e confirmam o pensamento dos clÃrigos medievais de que a origem do mal està na mulher, na sua essÃncia. Nesse contexto, o cordel configura-se como um instrumento de manutenÃÃo da ordem social e da preservaÃÃo da moral e dos bons costumes, segundo a mentalidade cristÃ.
The inferiorityÂs idea of women has been widespread in eastern and western civilizations. This design reached its apex in the Middle Ages, especially during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when the Catholic Church severally controlled the social and religious life of Christians - especially women - backed by the religious tenets trough the Inquisition. That mentality misogynist supporters and gained strength and continued by subsequent centuries, being in the residual pulp fiction and contemporary perceptible through the experience, vocabulary and expressions used by cordelistas to describe and portray women. The popular character of literary discourse also denotes a relationship of power veiled in which the woman is labeled as inferior and sinful. Crystallized over the centuries, this thought came to the events taking place in contemporary literature. The BrazilÂs northeast is largely patriarchal and sexist in its cultural roots, which are observed in the production of popular literature in verse, when the cordelistas construct their narratives from the social, cultural and religious, which back, usually at the thought of the Middle Ages. The aim of this work was to identify, from the reading and analysis of cordage, misogynist morality and the construction of the female characters such as waste mentality inherited from the Middle Ages, found in popular narratives. Therefore, the Teoria da Residualidade, and its related concepts, namely: Residual, CristalizaÃÃo, Mentalidade and HibridaÃÃo Cultural is the basis of this analysis. After analyzing the cordÃis, it was clear that the terms and expressions, as well as religious morality, referring to the feminine reinforce and confirm the thinking of medieval clerics that the origin of evil lies with the woman, in essence. In this context, the line appears as an instrument for maintaining social order and the preservation of morals and morality, according to the Christian mentality.
23
Mushweshwe, Tawanda. „Diet of the post-medieval population at Lagos, 14th -19th Portugal“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29215.
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Stable isotopic analysis of carbon and nitrogen ratios in bone collagen was done on twelve
human skeletons selected from a batch excavated in Largo de Santa Maria da Graça from 2004-
2005 (Lagos, Portugal). Elemental Analyser- Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS)
was used for stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen to reconstruct the diet of postMedieval population of Lagos between the 14th
-19th centuries. Results of the analysis provided
a basis for understanding dietary changes with time represented by the two chronological
phases of the cemetery of Santa Maria da Graça. Distinction in phases of the cemetery may be
due to new food resources from the colonial enterprises by the Portuguese Kingdom between
the 15th
-19th centuries. The correlation between carbon and nitrogen of the humans may have
been from much consumption of marine resources with little terrestrial animal products. Little
distinction of food uptake when considering gender and pathologies was reflected; RESUMO:
Titulo: Dieta da população de Lagos entre os séculos XIV-XIX, Portugal
Foi efectuada análise das razões isotópicas de carbono e azoto no colagénio de restos
osteológicos de doze esqueletos humanos inumados no Largo de Santa Maria da Graça (Lagos,
Portugal) entre 2004-2005, e que podem ser agrupados em dois períodos cronológicos. A
análise foi efectuada com recurso a um Analisador Elementar acoplado a Espectrómetro de
Massa de Razões Isotópicas (EA-IRMS), com o intuito de reconstruir a dieta dos habitantes de
Lagos entre os séculos XIV e XIX. A diferença observada entre indivíduos originários das 2
fases do cemitério pode dever-se à introdução de novos alimentos no Reino de Portugal durante
a Expansão Ultramarina. A correlação entre os valores das razões isotópicas de carbono e azoto
observada nos indivíduos estudados pode dever-se ao grande consumo de recursos marinhos
quando comparado com produtos de origem animal terrestre; não foram observadas grandes
diferenças quando se considera o género e as patologias dos indivíduos.
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Pettersson, Siri. „The Journey of Resources : Archaeobotanical analysis of late Iron Age and medieval Sigtuna, Sweden“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387843.
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Traditional agriculture has played an important role in shaping the landscape for thousands of years. Agriculture and interactions between humans and their surroundings have changed since the beginning of historic time in Sweden, approximately 1000 years ago. Through botanical macrofossil analysis of plant remnants found in an urban ditch in Sigtuna, Sweden, I examine which natural landscapes the town’s inhabitants may have interacted with in terms of resource collection in the beginning of the Medieval period. The results showed indications of predominantly nutritious wet grassland habitats, but also dry grassland and forests, as well as remnants of urban and cultivated species. The species indicate that the resources may have been used as winter fodder for animals, but possibly also as sustenance for humans as well as building material. The results indicated little change over time, regarding which landscape types were interacted with, but there were possible indications of a decrease in grassland resource collection in the youngest sample from 1150 A.D. Further research is needed to understand the indication. The material indicates that the Cyperaceae family will be instrumental in continuing this research.
25
Wells, Sharon. „Food in the city : an interdisciplinary study of the ideological and symbolic uses of food in the urban environment in later medieval England“. Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9767/.
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Sten, Sabine. „Bovine Teeth in Age Assessment, from Medieval Cattle to Belgian Blue : Methodology, Possibilities and Limitations“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162.
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Abu-Hantash, Tawfiq F. „Ibn Khaldun and the city : a study of the physical formation of medieval Cairo“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71076.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).
This essay is an application of Ibn Khaldun's theories of culture and civilization to a study of the physical formation of medieval Cairo . The study is based on the premise that the city is an historical process governed by an underlying set of cultural conditions. Those conditions manifest themselves in the physical form of the city. Ibn Khaldun formulated his theories as tools for investigating the nature of social phenomena. He considered such investigation a necessary step towards understanding and recording the historical events. His concept of history, stated in the first part of this study, is based on a cyclical pattern of cultural change which leads to the rise and fall of civilization. The city in his framework becomes an aspect of civilization following the same inevitable evolutionary pattern. The first part of this study examines those theories and focuses on their important aspects. The second part introduces some historical facts about the evolution of medieval Cairo and analyses them using the premises of Ibn Khaldun's theories. The reports of al-Maqrizi - a fifteenth century historian of Cairo - provided the historical information necessary for this investigation. The study raised some issues concerning the use of Ibn Khaldun's theories in pursuing such kind of studies, and the knowledge of the Islamic city which need to be reassessed. Those issues are presented in the last section under Reflections.
by Tawfiq F. Abu-Hantash.
M.S.
28
Mobilia, Michael Philip Surge Donna M. „Climate archives from a Viking Age site, Scotland seasonal temperature variability during the Medieval Warm Period /“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2787.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 10, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geological Sciences." Discipline: Geology; Department/School: Geological Sciences.
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Mitchell, Sarah L. „A post-conquest English retrospect upon the age of the Anglo-Saxons : a study of the early-middle-English verse chronicle attributed to Robert of Gloucester“. Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2445/.
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Ives, Rachel Amy. „An investigation of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia and age-related osteoporosis in six post-medieval urban collections“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521982.
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31
Vidal, Teva. „Houses and domestic life in the Viking Age and medieval period : material perspectives from sagas and archaeology“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13634/.
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This thesis examines the representations of houses as physical structures in the Íslendingasögur with specific emphasis on the material aspect of housing culture in the Viking Age and medieval period, as well as the interactions between material culture and text. The Íslendingasögur were written in Iceland as of the thirteenth century, but look back onto the Viking Age (c. 800-1100 AD). Comparison with the archaeology of domestic space reveals that the house in the Íslendingasögur generally corresponds with medieval housing models, contemporary with the period of saga writing. However, there are also examples of structures which correspond to the models of the Viking Age. Descriptions of antiquated buildings are sometimes framed in statements that make explicit reference to the chronological separation between the Viking Age and the writer’s present time, suggesting a familiarity with the evolution of housing culture. Detailed analysis of buildings in the sagas reveals domestic space in its context of use, and demonstrates how the physical nature of the house and farm framed the productive and social activities that went on within. The materiality of domestic life has particular importance for the dispensing of hospitality. Demonstrations of domestic space in use also allow for a better understanding of the relationship between objects and language, and elucidate some difficulties in translation and academic usage both in archaeology and literary studies. Material culture can itself influence the processes of composition in oral/written narratives such as the sagas, by inspiring the formation of narrative episodes. The built environment can also provide a contextual framing for narratives, acting as a mnemonic device facilitating the preservation and transmission of saga narratives.
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Harland, Jennifer Frances. „Zooarchaeology in the Viking Age to medieval Northern Isles, Scotland : an investigation of spatial and temporal patterning“. Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9891/.
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Miatello, André Luis Pereira. „Retórica religiosa e cívica na Itália do século XIII: a composição e os usos das hagiografias mendicantes nas políticas de paz“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-05022010-174619/.
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Neste trabalho, pretendemos investigar a dimensão cívica da retórica mendicante presente nas obras hagiográficas compostas pelos frades Menores no século XIII italiano. Além disso, queremos contribuir para o aprofundamento das discussões teóricas acerca da hagiografia medieval, favorecendo a identificação e o estudo dos elementos retóricos comuns a essa prática letrada. Queremos igualmente colaborar com a reflexão historiográfica sobre a atuação dos mendicantes no ambiente citadino, pelo viés da hagiografia produzida pelos frades nas regiões centro-setentrionais da Itália, em meados do século XIII. Nosso ponto de partida é a hipótese de que o corpus santoral mendicante constitui, efetivamente, uma obra de cunho retórico, cujas premissas se assentam numa determinada concepção de sociedade que tem na moralidade os vínculos definidores dos laços sociais. Destarte, acreditamos também que estas obras sintetizam e propõem o cerne dos valores propugnados pelo minoritismo acerca da transformação moral da sociedade e se associam a uma específica retórica cívica, expressa na defesa de certa imagem idealizada da cidade. Levando em conta o tempo e o lugar, verificamos que as Vidas de santos escritas pelos frades Menores coincidem, em grande medida, com o período mais conturbado da história comunal italiana, o que nos faz ver que a concomitância do fenômeno hagiográfico e do político não foi fortuita. A legitimidade dos religiosos no trabalho citadino e o grande prestígio que alcançaram foram conseqüências do empenho predicativo direto e também dos sucessos que a retórica hagiográfica mendicante alcançou naquele século.In the present work, we intend to investigate the civic dimension of mendicant rhetoric in the hagiographic works composed by the Friars Minor in the thirteenth century in Italy. Additionally, we aim at deepening the theoretical discussions about the medieval hagiography in order to identify and investigate rhetorical elements that are common to this literary practice. We also wish to collaborate with the historical analysis on the mendicantss performance in the city environment, from the perspective of the hagiography produced by Friars in Central-Northern Italy in the mid-thirteenth century. Our starting point is the hypothesis that the corpus of the mendicant sacred biographies is indeed a work of rhetorical nature, whose premises are based on a certain conception of society whereby morality works as a social connection. Thus, we also believe that these biographies synthesize and present the values defended by Franciscan friars about the moral transformation of society, and are associated with a specific civic rhetoric expressed in the defense of a particular idealized image of the city. Considering the time and the place, we see that the lives of saints written by the Friars Minor coincide largely with the most turbulent period of Italian communal history, which leads us to the conclusion that the concurrence of the political and hagiographical phenomena was not fortuitous. The legitimacy of the religious preaching in the city and its great prestige were a direct consequence of the work done by the Friars and also of the success that the hagiographic rhetoric reached in that century.
34
Kjellström, Anna. „The Urban Farmer : Osteoarchaeological Analysis of Skeletons from Medieval Sigtuna Interpreted in a Socioeconomic Perspective“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-603.
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At the end of the 10th century the first Swedish town Sigtuna was founded, which can be recognized as the beginning of urbanization in the Mälaren valley. Christianity was growing strong and the administrative power was probably concentrated to a few magnates gathered around a king. Though, Sigtuna played an important religious and political role, the time of prosperity was short and at the end of the 13th-early 14th century the importance of the town declined. The ambition with the present thesis has been to investigate the demography of the human skeletal material excavated in Sigtuna during the period 1983-1999. The skeletons from 528 individuals from six cemeteries dated to the end of 10th century to the early 16th century have been analysed. The material was subdivided into three chronological development phases synonymous with the establishment, the peak of prosperity and the decline of the town. Well-recognized anthropological techniques were applied together with a health index and chemical tests such as stable isotopes and trace elements. The main aims were to investigate: 1) differences in the material between contemporary inhabitants in Sigtuna, 2) differences in the material between the different chronological phases, 3) differences between the osteological results achieved from Sigtuna and results from other skeletal materials and 4) if the results can be connected to the indications of urbanization. The results showed that: - Some differences between contemporary cemeteries are discernable. Variations in stable isotopes suggest dietary differences between the women at different cemeteries. Furthermore, differences in age- and sex distribution, and mean stature are discernable between some of the contemporary samples and even within a cemetery. The discrepancies may be related to prevailing social structures in Sigtuna. - A decline in health through time is demonstrated. The negative trend is particularly marked for women. In addition demographic changes suggest an increased migration of adults to Sigtuna. The health deterioration may be connected to e.g. increased population density and an increased risk of infections. - In comparison with other materials the anthropological results, including the health index, suggests that the inhabitants in Sigtuna showed an urban pattern and that the quality of life, at least in the initial phase, was relatively good. - The sex distribution shows a generally male dominance possibly caused by selective excavations except at the oldest site without an adherent church. The uneven sex distribution may, alternatively, be a result of the urban character of Sigtuna i.e. a Christian and political administrative centre. The osteological results are in line with the archaeological and historical data. It is suggested that the consequences of urbanization such as immigration, deterioration of health and social ranking, implied by several osteological parameters and the chemical analysis, acted differently through the gender lines.Revised 2014.
35
Harrison, Edward. „Medieval phenomena in a modern age : a study of six contemporary cases of stigmatia and reactions to them“. Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264576.
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36
Kugler, Katrena. „Bridging Heaven and Spain: The Virgin of Mercy from the Late Medieval Period to the Age of Exploration“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13246.
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The Virgin of Mercy is a Marian devotional image type recognizable by its portrayal of Mary protecting the faithful with her cloak. This thesis situates the iconography of painted panels within their historical and cultural context in Spain from the late medieval period to the Age of Exploration. I explain the image's origins and introduce its various versions, focusing on three major frequently commissioned subtypes: the Sponsorship of the Virgin, plague commissions, and the Mercedarian's Virgin of Mercy. I present a case study of one famous version of the type, the Virgin of the Navigators, and focus on the Spaniards and Amerindians beneath the cloak, situating them in relation to the historic debate that called into question the very humanity of the peoples of the Americas. The thesis explores the painting's possible statement the patrons may have been making through the artistic treatment of both groups.
37
Brengaret, i. Framis Antoni. „Evolució del territori de Les Corts des de l'època medieval fins a l'actualitat“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401497.
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Aquesta tesi ha estat realitzada partint d'un treball de camp que ressegueix tots els indrets de l'antic poble de les Corts —avui districte de la ciutat de Barcelona— tot deixant constància del que havia estat i del que és en els moments actuals el barri. S’estudien les vessants urbanístiques, artístiques i testimonials al llarg de la seva història: des de la Torre Rodona —construïda al segle X— fins a l’actualitat.
L'objectiu d'aquest treball d’investigació emana de la voluntat per deixar constància dels inicis que van configurar el naixement del poble de les Corts. Parteix de l’estudi de les masies disseminades per tot el pla —ubicades en gran part entre les rieres de Magòria i Blanca i el Torrent dels Morts—, fet que permet aprofundir en els seus orígens i la seva influència en el caràcter propi del veïnat (des de les famílies més senzilles a les més significatives). Passa, a més, per l’estudi exhaustiu d’altres indrets i edificis rellevants en el poble de les Corts. Des de casals o palauets ubicats en carrers que avui, desgraciadament, ja no hi són, a edificis religiosos, monestirs, espais culturals, centres assistencials, educatius i de lleure, i especialment, el gran conjunt d’indústries i tallers que es van instal·lar a les Corts.
A banda dels continguts principals esmentats també es relacionen mobiliaris i estris necessaris utilitzats a finals del segle XIX i començament del segle XX com els existents en el museu del Monestir de Pedralbes i estudis d’entitats emblemàtiques de l’època com l'Institut frenopàtic Dolsa, la Presó de les Dones de les Corts, la Maternitat o els asils de Sant Rafael i Sant Joan de Déu, així com la parròquia de l’església del Remei de les Corts o centres culturals i de lleure rellevants.
El seu estudi ha sigut possible gràcies a l’accés a fotografies antigues i actuals d’arxiu, així com als testimonis vivents de persones nascudes abans de l'any 1936 i que encara viuen al barri, a les quals donem les més sinceres gràcies per l'atenció en obrir les portes de casa seva i poder entrar en els arxius i col·leccions particulars de documents i altres referents que acrediten tota la documentació exposada.
En conclusió, aquesta tesi pretén iniciar un estudi a fons de l’evolució del territori de les Corts mitjançant els testimonis orals així com investigacions d’arxiu que permetin aprofundir en l'urbanisme, l'arquitectura, el lleure, la cultura, els oficis i la indústria que han existit al poble de les Corts des de l’època medieval fins a l’actualitat.This thesis has arisen from fieldwork intended to track all landmarks in the old village of les Corts, district of present-day Barcelona. Its aim to state what was, has been and is today’s neighbourhood. City planning, art and testimonies throughout the town’s history are studied. From 10th century Torre Rodona to present day. The aim of this research is to state the conditions of the birth of les Corts. It begins with the study of the spread-out masies, mainly located between Riera de Magòria and Riera Blanca and the Torrent dels Morts. This makes for an in-depth analysis of the town’s origins and the idiosyncrasies of its peoples and families. This investigation also analyses other significant locations and landmarks such as cultural centres and small palaces located in streets now sadly gone, as well as hospices and religious, educational and leisure institutions. Special attention is put on industries and workshops that set up in town. In addition to the aforementioned, this investigation features analyses of furniture and tools used between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, such as the ones stored in the Monestir de Pedralbes museum, as well as studies of other significant institutions of that time such as the Dolsa asylum, the women’s prison, the Maternitat hospital, the Sant Rafael and Sant Joan de Déu shelters, as well as the Remei parish and other important leisure and cultural centres. This research has been made possible through access to old archive photographs as well as to living testimonials of people still living in the neighbourhood who were born before 1936. To all of them we sincerely thank for opening the doors to their homes and letting us access their archives and files, which credit all the research. All in all, this thesis aims to start an in-depth study of the evolution of the land in les Corts through oral testimonies, as well as archive research that will help broaden knowledge on city planning, architecture, leisure, culture, craftsmanship and industry that have existed in les Corts from medieval times until present day.
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Gordon, Rebecca Louise. „Feeding the city : zooarchaeological perspectives on urban provisioning and consumption behaviours in post-medieval England (AD1500 - AD1900)“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37809.
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Zooarchaeological enquiry of animals and their products in the post-medieval period has largely been disregarded in British archaeology. Yet, there is multitude of ways in which animals can inform upon the profound social and economic changes that took place during this era. This research reveals how fruitful the study of post-medieval animals can be in improving our understanding of: the meat trade; agricultural economies; urban history; industries; livestock ‘improvement’; urban culture; and food consumption in England. The thesis explores the transformations in the production and consumption of animals and animal products by drawing upon primary and secondary faunal data and historical accounts. Primary investigations of animal bones excavated from Chester were analysed along with secondary faunal data from the city, in order to undertake a detailed zooarchaeological analysis of an urban centre, and to consider the potential challenges of undertaking post-medieval faunal analyses. Zooarchaeological data from urban sites in England were also sourced from grey literature and published reports to conduct a regional review of animal bones from the post-medieval period. These investigations showed that innovations in agriculture and the industrialisation of food production had a considerable effect on the size and shape of livestock, which coincided with the introduction of imported breeds and morphotypes. Animals provisioned to towns and cities reflected regional husbandry practices as well as urban supply and demand for various meat and animal products for consumption, crafts and industries. The diversity of wild mammals and birds on domestic sites demonstrated the increasing wealth generated in industrial Britain and the emergent middle classes’ desire to emulate elite tastes. Other evidence points to the environmental repercussions that hunting, urban expansion and industrialisation had on the proportion of wild species.
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Sbisa', Tiziana. „The Cathedral at Nicosia in the Age of Frederick II and Louis IX: Issues of Patronage, Structure, and Meaning“. Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1243841684.
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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-11-23) Department of Art History Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Crichton, Anna-Claire. „What’s in a Name; An Examination of Scandinavian Groups and their Interactions in Viking Age Ireland“. Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1624284838035963.
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Roudaut, Sylvain. „Forma dat esse : les mutations de la forme au Moyen Age (ca. 1250-1350)“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S158.
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Ce travail porte sur les évolutions du concept de forme au Moyen Age, plus précisément entre le XIIIème et le XIVème siècle. Il retrace ces évolutions à travers l'étude de problématiques intriquées qui dominent la métaphysique et la philosophie naturelle du Moyen Age tardif: le problème de l'universel, la controverse de la pluralité des formes, la question de l'intensio formarum, le rapport du fluxus formae au mouvementThis work deals with the evolution of the concept of form during the late Middle Ages (ca. 1250-1350). It tells the story of this evolution through the study of intricated problems typical of late medieval metaphysics and natural philosophy: the problem of universals, the controversy about the plurality of forms, the intensio formarum debates, the problem of fluxus formae related to motion
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METZGER, THERESE. „Les arts du livre chez les juifs en occident medieval (these soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux)“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR20061.
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Exterieur n'en est pas moins le complement necessaire de ce tout organique que repre sont envisages d'un double point de vue: histoire du livre juif decore et histoire s'il peut rien nous apprendre d'essentiel sur les developpements stylistiques du par la creation d'images, que par les significations. .Ant the intimate relation between the elements of the decoration and the physical. .
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Kupiec, Patrycja M. „Transhumance in the North Atlantic : an interdisciplinary approach to the identification and interpretation of Viking-Age and Medieval shieling sites“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230708.
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This thesis contributes new archaeological evidence to the debate on transhumance in the Viking and Medieval Periods in Iceland and the Outer Hebrides. It examines shielings in these two regions at new levels of detail, and with new techniques, to improve previous methodologies for the identification of periodically occupied settlements. It presents detailed geoarchaeological studies of the floor deposits at both known and putative shieling sites in Iceland and the Western Isles, which demonstrate that micromorphological analysis is a method capable of distinguishing between periods of punctuated and permanent occupation. The results of these analyses form the basis of a new analytical and interpretive framework suited to identify and study periodic occupation at shieling sites in the North Atlantic region. The micromorphological studies, contextualized by a review of ethnographic sources, provide new insights into the potential flexibility of the type and duration of occupation at Icelandic and Hebridean shielings, and demonstrate that high-resolution geoarchaeological techniques might be essential to disentangle these changes. By integrating archaeological, historical, and ethnographic sources for the first time, this work also provides new insights into Norse shieling economies in Iceland and the Western Isles of Scotland. This analysis reveals a picture of multi-faceted shieling activities, with the use of shielings adapted to fit unique local conditions in different Norse colonies, proving that rigid models cannot be used to study past transhumant practices. The study of the archaeology of Viking-age and medieval shielings, and the medieval saga literature and later folklore that relate to shielings, demonstrates that shielings were conceptualized as different to farms, and that they played an important role in shaping the social relationships and identities of those engaged in summer transhumance. Through this holistic approach to the study of Viking-age and medieval shielings, a fuller picture of Norse society emerges, in which seasonal pastoral settlements are given a more prominent place alongside other features of the Viking and medieval landscape in the North Atlantic region.
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Babey, Emmanuel. „Penser par exemple“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040140.
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Dans le De constancia sapientis, Sénèque formule le portrait d'un sage que l'injustice et l'outrage n'affectent pas. Selon le Commentaire au livre de la Sagesse de Robert Holkot (OP + 1349), cette description conceptuelle définit la notion de sagesse présente dans le livre biblique. Ainsi, dans les années 1336-1338, le sage stoïcien est-il présenté, dans une exégèse biblique, comme l'exemple même de sagesse. Partant, la thèse s'attache à retracer l'élaboration de cette figure sapientielle au prisme du prologue de ce commentaire biblique. Elle en analyse ensuite l'enjeu conceptuel : la revendication d'un modèle vie chrétien inspiré du comportement exemplaire des philosophes antiques. Dans ce contexte, la figure de Platon acquiert une importance cruciale. Une approche critique de la philosophie comme modèle de vie forme enfin la dernière partie de ce travail. En effet, tant le recours antique et médiéval à l'exemplum que la définition de la philosophie comme manière de vivre prennent appui sur une conception de l'acte moral comme imitation d'un héros (saint, sage, etc.) qu'Immanuel Kant congédieIn the De constancia sapientis, Seneca portrays a wise man as unaffected by injustice and outrage. For Robert Holkot (O.P., †1349), writing in his Commentary on the Book of Wisdom, this conceptual description defines the notion of wisdom present in the Biblical book of the same name. Thus, in the years 1336-1338, the Stoic wise man appears in a work of Biblical exegesis as the very example of wisdom. This thesis takes as its point of departure the portrayal of the wise man in the prologue to the Commentary on the Book of Wisdom. It then analyses what is at stake: the assertion of a Christian model of life inspired by role models from ancient philosophy. Plato becomes a figure of crucial importance. Finally, the last part of this work consists in a criticism of philosophy as a model way of life. In fact, both the ancient and medieval use of exempla and the definition of philosophy as way of life depend on a conception of moral action as the imitation of a hero (saint, wise person, and so on), a conception dismissed by Immanuel Kant
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Neil, Karen. „Ecosystem Responses to Holocene Climate Variability Through the Analysis of High-resolution Lake Sediment Cores from Southwestern Québec, Canada“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38120.
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Lake biotic responses to natural climate variability, fire disturbances, and human impacts over the Holocene were studied at two proximate sites in southwestern Québec. Sediments from Lac Noir and Lac Brûlé had annually deposited laminations (varves), enabling for the precise dating of continuous time-series and high-resolution analysis of subfossil diatom assemblages. The Lac Noir (45°46’31”N, 75°8’23”W, 176 m a.s.l.) record spanned ~11000 years of the Holocene. Stratigraphic changes in diatom assemblages of the lake could be divided into early, mid-, and late periods, broadly paralleling Milankovitch-scale climate intervals and vegetation
changes inferred from regional palynological records. The early Holocene (11.1-8.0 ka) climate was cooler and dry, vegetation in the region was comprised of Picea-dominated woodlands, and the lake diatom flora included primarily benthic taxa. Warming in the mid-Holocene (8.0-3.6 ka) allowed for stabilization of soils and forests in the catchment, stronger thermal stratification in the lake, and resultant increases in oligo-mesotrophic diatom taxa such as Discostella stelligera.
During the late Holocene (3.6 ka to present), an increase in the abundance of deciduous trees (e.g. Betula and Alnus) in response to cooling led to nutrient-enrichment and higher overall lake productivity.
The record from Lac Brûlé (45°43’09”N, 75°26’32”W, 270 m a.s.l.) encompassed the last ~1200 years of the late Holocene. Generalized additive models (GAM) revealed a tight coupling between diatoms and catchment-mediated processes (e.g. vegetation and disturbances), which were closely aligned with climate variations. During the Medieval Warm Period (800-1300 CE), pollen-based inferences of warmer summer temperatures were associated with high abundances of Cyclotella bodanica var. intermedia and Cyclotella rossii; this signalled oligotrophic lake conditions and prolonged thermal stratification. The onset of the Little Ice Age (1450-1850 CE) marked a cooling in the region, and a decline in Tabellaria flocculosa str. IIIp indicated increased nutrient loading from the catchment area. Situated less than 300m from Lac Brûlé are remnants of the Wallingford-Back Mine, which ran from 1924-1972 CE; activities at the mine resulted in local changes to nutrient availability and primary productivity at this site.
In previous studies of both Lac Noir and Lac Brûlé, pollen records had indicated overall similarities in the vegetation histories in response to climate variability during the late Holocene. Diatom assemblages were influenced by individual lake conditions and were thus unique to each site; nevertheless, they were closely linked with local and regional patterns of vegetation composition. A main point of difference in the paleo-records from both lakes was attributed to a local fire in the Lac Brûlé catchment at 1345 CE, which caused an early decline in hemlock (Tsuga). The decrease in hemlock was seen at Lac Noir only centuries later, and diatoms in each
lake responded according to vegetation changes within their own respective catchments. This research shows that high-resolution sampling of lake sediments is able to detect diatom responses to both long-term and abrupt changes in the environment. Individual sites show similarly timed responses of other proxy-indicators, such as pollen and cladocera, to climate and land-use changes. However, distinct differences in the aquatic biota of well-dated proximate sites can be used to identify influences of regional climate variations, which are sometimes masked by
localized, non-climatic processes.
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Valdés, Diana. „Study and Edition of La dama presidente by Francisco de Leiva Ramírez de Arellano“. Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7449.
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Entre los grandes autores de teatro del siglo XVII se puede encontrar a Francisco de Leiva Ramírez de Arellano. El siglo en el que vivió es uno de suma importancia en el mundo del teatro, ya que los escritores del momento crearon cánones estilísticos que cambiaron la forma de escribir estas obras para siempre. De Leiva, que fue seguidor de la escuela de Calderón, se conocen unas catorce obras de teatro y un entremés, y se sabe que sus obras no tuvieron mayor éxito hasta el siglo XVIII. En la modernidad su nombre es poco conocido y sus trabajos han sido escasamente publicados. Esta tesis intentará desenterrar una obra de Leiva, La dama presidente, para entender mejor el teatro español de su tiempo.
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Leventis, Panayiotis. „Nicosia, Cyprus, 1192-1570 : architecture, topography and urban experience in a diversified capital city“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84521.
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This study explores and reiterates the significance carried by the notions of place, multiplicity and experience in the approaches to the study of architecture, in the shaping of cultures, and in the construction of urban (hi)stories and topographies. The research aims to reveal the existence of a transcultural space constituting the cosmos of Nicosia, capital city of the late medieval and renaissance Kingdom of Cyprus. It is argued that the natural and built environment of the city simultaneously witnessed as well as constructed this highly obscure space, whose elusive nature has not been sufficiently or comprehensively researched thus far. The purpose of this study is to unearth numerous attempts at reconciliation by medieval civilizations, and to comprehend their repeated efforts at bringing in parallel existence and understanding adjacent, but seemingly oppositional or even confrontational, cultures and spaces.The method used engages a re-interpretation of Nicosia's urban space by means of a scholarly narrative, defined as a comprehensively annotated telling of citizens' experiences through the city. While maintaining that it is this telling which better exposes the city's character, past findings on the architecture, topography, and urban experience of Nicosia are concurrently examined, some of them accepted and others re-proposed. Different architectural and ethical realities for the city, as well as varied urban and social identities, emerge as possibilities for pondering only after the superimposition of scientific findings on an interweaving web of experiences, on the remarkably phenomenal world of medieval urban space.
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Hjulström, Björn. „Patterns in diversity : geochemical analyses and settlement changes during the Iron Age-Early Medieval time in the Lake Mälaren region, Sweden /“. Stockholm : Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, : Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, Stockholm universitet [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8190.
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Engvall, Adam. „Broddars syfte och användning : En empirisk studie av broddar på Gotland“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-358470.
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The aim of this essay is to question and analyze problems surrounding the current research within the field of spikes.The latest breakout was in the early 50's,since then there haven't been any major research projects and no interpretation have been made.Not only does this essay bring a contribution to the research of spikes but also question what has earlier been established through interpretations.The focus of this essay is on the spikes found on the island of Gotland in the Baltic sea,these are currently stored at the Museum of Gotland.What was the main area of use that these spikes had and in which context are they found? Although only 27 finds will be analyzed during this essay ,the goal is to get a greater understanding of the usage of these finds and how this will contribute to the archaelogical sites.
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Gustafsson, Ny Björn. „Casting Identities in Central Seclusion : Aspects of non-ferrous metalworking and society on Gotland in the Early Medieval Period“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95380.
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The aim of this thesis has been to investigate and interpret late Iron Ageand Early Medieval traces of non-ferrous metalworking on the islandGotland, Sweden. Gotland was not, based on the archaeological record, anintegrated part of the common Scandinavian culture. Instead a local,endemic cultural expression had developed; a seclusion which lasted forcenturies despite the islands central position in the Baltic Sea. In thepast, key elements for the understanding of local settlement- and burialpractices as well as the local material culture were mainly recovered andreported by local farmers. A specific category of such finds – so-called‘bronze slag’ is discussed and partly reinterpreted in the first study ofthis thesis. Two further studies treat different aspects of metalworkingand metalworkers – one discusses common archaeological notions ofScandinavian workshops, production sites and metalworkers from a criticalperspective while the other mainly focuses on the Gotlandic finds frommetal-detector surveys carried out over the last 35 years. Based on whereand to which extent, both from a quantitative and a qualitative point ofview, these finds occur a hierarchical classification into four sub groupsis presented – ordinary farm sites with traces of non-ferrous metalworking,workshop sites, potential workshop sites and last, extrovert harboursettlements. A fourth study presents an attempt to evaluate the usefulnessof magnetometry in delimiting extant traces of high-temperature crafts,such as metalworking. The last study of the thesis presents an attempt touse trace elements analysis of skeletal lead in human bone to identifypotential non-ferrous metalworkers. As the wearing of endemic Gotlandic jewellery appears to have been centralin the manifestation of the local identity it is argued that themetalworking artisans played a crucial role in defining how this identitywas signalled and displayed via the jewellery and dress-related metalobjects. It is further suggested that these artisans might have played animportant role in upholding the local economy before the advent of localminting.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.