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Lun, K. C. „Challenges in Medical Informatics: Perspectives of an International Medical Informatics Organization“. Methods of Information in Medicine 41, Nr. 01 (2002): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634315.
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Summary Objective: As an international organization with the missions to promote informatics in health care and biomedical research, advance international cooperation, stimulate research, development and education, and disseminate and exchange information, the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) must be constantly cognizant of new developments in medical informatics and address the challenges to the discipline. From an international organization standpoint, it perceives three major challenges viz. the Identity, Organizational and Leadership challenges. Method: This paper attempts to identify and discuss these challenges and to offer ways to overcome them through the activities of an international organization for medical informatics. Results and Conclusion: From an international organization standpoint, IMIA can help overcome these organizational challenges by ensuring strong leadership throughout its echelon, actively promoting its goals and objectives worldwide through its national and institutional members as well as its regional groups and encouraging strategic partnerships between its many Working Groups and Special Interest Group on Nursing with other international organizations and industry to further promote the awareness and the perception of the relevance of medical informatics to health and medicine by the international community.
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P, Clarós, Cygan A. und Clarós A. „Key Points on Short Term Medical Mission International organization on Orofacial cleft“. Dentistry and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 4, Nr. 1 (30.09.2021): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2643-6612/019.
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Background: Children suffering from congenital facial malformations in underdeveloped countries are the main objective of the STMMIs with the aim of easing their lives. Clarós Foundation (CF) has carried out 115 missions worldwide with the aim, among others, of treating patients with this type of orofacial cleft malformation. We think that the experience we have acquired in this field can be transmitted to new NGOs institutions that want or wish to continue in this line. The optimization of the use of means and human resources, both from the NGO and the local health workers, will make it possible to achieve greater outcomes and results when applied in the development of Short Term Medical Mission International (STMMIs) missions. Material and Methods: We present the experience CF has acquired throughout the various STMMIs it has accomplished, during a period of 7 days each, specifying the details of its organization, patient selection, preparation of the surgery and its performance, in a well- organized manner to be fast, effective and safe in its results. During each of the 115 missions, the medical team has treated patients with this congenital pathology, in different proportions that go from 90% of the total cases to only 10% of the patients attended. The surgical techniques applied are those used in our medical center in Barcelona, which we may say, are the state-of-the-art surgical techniques used by the most advancedcenters. Results: A total of 1725 patientsunderwent surgery throughout 115 STMMIs, averageduration of 7 days each,115 STMMIs by 15 cases average. During this time 925 patients were operated for cleft lip and 800 patients for cleft palate. Male patients accounted for 58% and female for 42%. According to the age of the patients we found that the majority of cases were operated on babies 68.35% (1.179 neonatal period); 20.2% on children (300 cases) and (19.76%) adolescents (233 cases); and 1.10% adults in the 20-67 age range (13 cases). Of the total number of operated patients(1.725), there have been few immediate and late postoperative complications, but we estimate them at 11%. Conclusion: International cooperation between experienced NGOs and local medical teams turn out to be much more effective, less expensive and with better clinical results than those obtained without this collaboration. This organizational model can be very useful in order to know the details that these missions entail and apply them in your own activities.
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Pekez-Pavliško, Tanja, Nina Vrdoljak und Anja Aleksić. „Organization of International Medical Congresses as Possibility for Extending Croatian Tourist Offer“. Acta Economica Et Turistica 2, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aet-2016-0018.
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AbstractOrganization of international medical congresses is a perfect example of multidisciplinary cooperation with professional medical associations and Medical schools on one side and professional congress organizers on the other. Medical congresses are perhaps most frequent congresses in the world. Organization of medical congresses can be achieved in a number of ways: Organizers can be local professional associations or Medical schools, international professional associations and international professional congress organizers. To be nominated for organization of a congress, successful cooperation of medical professionals is needed, especially doctors and professional congress organizers. Success largely depends on knowledge of the availability of conference halls, available accommodations in the vicinity of the congress halls, ease of access to the congress destination, expectancies of possible candidates who will attend in connection to the congress destination, lobbying for nomination for organization of a congress. This article will analyze availability of conference halls in Croatia, accommodation capacities, transport possibilities. For the needs of this article, pilot questionnaire was constructed about demands of possible participants and their preferable destinations to be visited. Statistical analysis of Medical congresses in Europe is also shown according to geographical spreading. Concluding the article, we show that better education of medical staff about the possibilities of professional congress organizing are very important, as well as sharing of the experiences from big congresses among the medical professional in the field of medical congress organization. With multidisciplinary approach of all participants in organization of the congress (Ministry of Tourism, Croatian Tourist Association, Croatian Associations of professionals in congress tourism, hotels, medical professionals) Croatia could be much better recognized as destination for organizing medical congresses.
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Marushchenko, Myroslava. „THE WAYS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN DOCTORS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN CANADA AND DOCTORS IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES“. Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, Nr. 28 (2021): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.28.11.
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In the article, the current state of cooperation between Canadian Ukrainians and Ukrainian doctors analyzes. The urgency of modern challenges for cooperation is determined, in particular: pandemic restrictions due to the rapid spread of Covid-19 virus and a sharp restriction of direct professional contacts; the politicization of professional international cooperation in the conditions of Russian aggression; bureaucracy on the part of the management of medical institutions of Ukraine, unfinished state regulation of charitable organizations and international cooperation; insufficient development of charity in Ukraine. The activity of the main Cooperation programs between doctors Canadian Ukrainians and Ukrainian doctors is analyzed. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of the effectiveness of the Canadian-Ukrainian Pediatric Fellowship Program. The Medical Director of the Program is Professor James Rutka, and the Program Coordinator is Professor Myroslava Romach. The stages of organizing training meetings within the Program are indicated: planning and preparation for the meeting (goal setting and detailed planning); choice of locations, according to pre-thought-out criteria; the meeting itself (lectures and practical training, joint operations in 7 cities of Ukraine); further observation, assessment of the impact and results of the meeting, as well as planning of long-term cooperation. Analysis of the concrete results of cooperation is one of the most important stages of international cooperation, as it not only increases its efficiency but also ensures the targeted use of funds. It is determined that important factors that increase the effectiveness of interstate programs in the field of medicine are awareness of cooperation at the diplomatic level, coordinated cooperation at the local level, selection of reliable partners for cooperation, systematic contacts, activities, targeted, premeditated assistance, careful selection of applicants, changes in the means of communication in today's challenges. The work of the above-mentioned medical Ukraine Paediatric Fellowship Program can serve as an example of the organization of international cooperation in various directions of social and political life of modern Ukraine, and a guarantee of its high efficiency in clear strategic planning.
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Batychenko, Svitlana, Sergey Uliganets und Lyudmila Melnik. „FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION MEDICAL TOURS“. GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, Nr. 59 (2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.59.14-21.
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Goal. Disclosure of theoretical aspects of technology and organization of medical tours. Method. The study is based on general scientific methods, namely, analysis and synthesis, descriptive. Results. The definition of the concepts "medical tourism" and "health tourism" is revealed, according to which the structure of the medical tourism industry is given. Signs of medical tourism are defined. Elements of the market of medical tourism are defined. It is established that the list of works on creation of a medical tour (product, program) includes: research of the market of potential demand; search for partners; checking the availability of services and establishing the adequacy of previously received information; preparation of agreements (contracts) on cooperation with suppliers / sellers of tourism products and negotiations; information and methodological support of the tour; realization of medical rounds to consumers; registration of documents for travel; direct service of tourists and control over the provision of a certain quantity and quality of services; other types of work. The main stages of development of a medical round are offered. The generalized actions at concrete stages of process of the organization and realization of a medical round are resulted. Scientific novelty. Generalized measures at specific stages of the process of organization and implementation of the treatment tour. Development of a medical product, includes: marketing research; analysis of market segments and competitors; proposed consumer demand; resort locations; market conditions of tourist services; estimation of real costs for development, advertising and promotion of services. Practical significance. Based on the study of international experience of spa resorts, in order for sanatoriums of Ukraine to more actively implement progressive international principles and standards of medical tourism, we have developed the following generalized recommendations for the management of domestic sanatoriums: to develop variable season tickets for complex medical services; pay attention to the formation of individual training programs with the subsequent control of the instructor; to improve the system of medical service with new programs for a specific material and technical base; to intensify the organization of short-distance tourism in the conditions of sanatorium treatment; systematically improve the network and develop new tourist routes of hiking, cycling, equestrian tourism, terrain routes, Nordic walking; to develop walking medical tourism, hippotherapy.
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Daykhes, Arkady Nikolaevich, Vladimir Anatolievich Reshetnikov, Olga Aleksandrovna Manerova und Ilya Aleksandrovich Mikhailov. „Analysis of Current Practices of Organizing the Export of Medical Services in the United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea and China“. Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice (Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор), Nr. 1 (39) (01.05.2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31556/2219-0678.2020.39.1.030-042.
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Aim of the study. Analysis of medical tourism’s organizational features based on the example of the large medical organizations in the United Kingdom, South Korea, Italy and China. Materials and methods. The data were collected by the authors by interviewing the heads of medical organizations and their deputies in the United Kingdom, South Korea, Italy and China (3–4 respondents per medical organization) using the developed questionnaire to identify the main mechanisms and tools for organizing the export of medical services. SWOT-analysis (Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities; Threats) was performed in order to comprehensively evaluate the received information. Results. Along with weaknesses and threats that slow down the development of medical services exports, strengths (internal factors) and opportunities ( external factors) that contribute to the development of medical tourism were also identified: the widespread popularity of the brand of medical organizations abroad which is associated with the provision of premium medical services; versatility and ability to conduct high-tech surgical operations; the presence of a separate premium class building and an international department for working with foreign patients and promoting a medical organization in the world market; well-established business relationships with assistance companies; foreign medical personnel who speak foreign languages and possess necessary skills to treat foreign patients; developed electronic medical care system; developed system of quality control of medical care; the presence of branches in other countries; the presence of a medical visa in the system of legislation; established cooperation with many countries at the embassy level; state licensing and accreditation for the provision of medical services to foreign citzens; the availability of a state website on the provision of medical assistance to foreign citizens; the possibility of the age of value added tax. Conclusion. We identified main patterns in the organization of export of medical services that can be applied to develop this direction in medical organizations of the Russian Federation during the analysis the strengths and weaknesses of four large medical organizations abroad, as well as external factors that affect the work of these medical organizations.
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Bashkuev, V. Yu, und P. A. Shenoeva. „Роль международного медицинского сотрудничества в развитии здравоохранения Бурятии (1923–1928 гг.)“. Dalʹnevostočnyj medicinskij žurnal, Nr. 4 (30.12.2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35177/994-5191-2019-4-47-52.
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The article presents the analysis of the role of international medical cooperation in the development of healthcare in the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR in its early years. Prevalence of venereal diseases and tuberculosis in the Buryats was the main problem in the 1920s. At the same time, Buryat-Mongolia played an important role in the geopolitical plans to export revolution eastwards. Thus, the Bolsheviks paid much attention to the improvement of health of the Buryat people directing the incoming international aid toward these purposes. The authors expose causal relationships leading to the organization of one of the best known international joint projects of the 1920s in medicine – the 1928 Soviet-German syphilis expedition to Buryat-Mongolia. The article demonstrates the specific features of scientific and medical agendas of Soviet and German participants of the expedition. In the context of the development of healthcare in Buryatia, it assesses the outcomes of the 1928 expedition.
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Kostiuchenko, Olena Y., Olha V. Hots-Yakovlieva und Julia O. Sayenko. „GENDER INEQUALITY IN HEALTHCARE IN TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND REMUNERATION: LEGAL MEANS OF OVERCOMING THE PROBLEM“. Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, Nr. 12 (2020): 2810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012218.
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The aim: To determine the nature of gender inequalities in the field of healthcare according to the criteria of employment and remuneration and to outline legal means to overcome this problem. Materials and methods: Reports of international organizations (World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development); Ukrainian non-governmental organizations' reports and statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The study is based on theoretical and empirical methods. Conclusions: To overcome the problems associated with gender inequality in healthcare, we need to use legal means intended to implement the concept of decent work for women who work in the medical profession. This concept should include: removing barriers of women's employment in healthcare, support to women's careers and gender parity on management positions at healthcare facilities; establishing the minimum wage of healthcare employees at the level of the average wage in the country; creation of a specific entity (e.g. commission) to consider cases of gender discrimination against women in the healthcare sector; establishing salary bonuses for women-healthcare employees who have children, and other legal mechanisms.
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Serdiuk, A. M., N. S. Polka, O. I. Turos und A. V. Koblianska. „International scientific activity as an element of the implementation of the main operational functions of public health“. Environment & Health, Nr. 1 (102) (Februar 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.01.061.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines 10 essential functions of public health. The aim of the work was to analyze the implementation of international scientific projects on the main operational functions of public health of the WHO. The State Institution “O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” is a scientific institution in Ukraine that deals with the issues of primary prevention of diseases, determination of the negative impact of environmental and social factors of the human life environment on the health of the population and the development of preventive measures. A list of the agreements on cooperation between the State Institution “Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” with the international organizations is presented, 16 scientific projects have been completed within these agreements. The above materials demonstrate a high interest of the international community in the implementation of preventive projects. The experience in the implementation of the international scientific projects has made it possible to represent the State Institution “O.M. Marzeiev Institute for Public Health, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" at the international level, the specialists of the institution are the members of many international organizations and the experts of the committees of the WHO, the IAEA and others.
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Komarova, Larisa, und Oleksii Tkachenko. „Directions and Prospects of Interaction of the Security Service of Ukraine With the ember-Countries of the Guam Organization in the Sphere of Ensuring Cyber Security and Countering Cyber Threats“. Information Security of the Person, Society and State, Nr. 31-33 (20.12.2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2021-(1-3)-6.
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Analysis of cyberattacks on the critical information infrastructure of Ukraine, and the fact of its increased complexity and more sophisticated relevant tools show the engagement of unfriendly countries, especially such as the Russian Federation, in destructive activities in Ukrainian cyberspace: in fact, Ukraine has become a testing ground for new cyber weapons and malicious strategies. Considering the cross-border nature of modern cyber threats and the priority of the Euro-Atlantic course of our country, an important vector of the activities of the Security Service of Ukraine has been to establish effective cooperation with international partners in combating cyber terrorism and hybrid aggression in cyberspace. Having this in mind the Security Service of Ukraine has established and maintained a high level of cooperation with intelligence services and law enforcement agencies in Europe, Asia and North America, as well as with key international organizations such as NATO, the OSCE, the Council of Europe, the UNO, the GUAM and others. At the same time, the Security Service of Ukraine has recently taken a proactive role as an initiator of innovations in the field of regional and international cybersecurity in relevant organizations. The issues of international cooperation of the Security Service of Ukraine in the field of cybersecurity within the framework of international and regional organizations were examined by such Ukrainian experts as V. Petrov, V. Khlevytsky, S. Bondarenko, O. Klimchuk, S. Petrov, N. Tkachuk, D. Melnyk and others. At the same time, these works, according to the authors’ opinion, do not reveal the features of international cooperation between the Security Service of Ukraine and the relevant special and law enforcement agencies of the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development GUAM in the field of cybersecurity and countering cyber threats. Given that Ukraine has recently been the object of cyberattacks, the sources of which originate from the Russian Federation, the establishment of the GUAM Regional Cybersecurity Center in Ukraine will help to strengthen the cyber security capacity of GUAM member countries. Moreover, the operation of this centre in our country, taking into account existing strong international contacts of Ukraine with NATO, EU, Council of Europe, OSCE, will help to create additional mechanisms for GUAM member states to exchange best world practices in cybersecurity as well as combating cybercrime, to increase the level of expertise of GUAM member states’ experts in these fields and to help improve the Organization’s image on the international arena. In this regard the Security Service of Ukraine should support the possible deployment of the technological component of the Center on the basis of the GUAM Secretariat in Ukraine, with the purpose of establishing the educational processes, information exchange, as well as remote access of relevant state bodies of GUAM member states. The provision of core funding of the future Center should be worked out within the framework of GUAM’s international cooperation with the USA, Japan, the EU, etc.
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Lebedeva, M. M., und D. A. Kuznetsov. „Global Governance of Biogenic Threats“. MGIMO Review of International Relations 14, Nr. 2 (30.04.2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-2-77-7-21.
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused a pandemic in 2020, has posed not only a medical, economic and social threat, but also a challenge to international security and international cooperation. It is now becoming obvious that the problem of the current pandemic cannot be reduced to individual states and regions and has the potential to influence the entire political organization of the modern world. Analyzing the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in world politics, the authors rely on the concept of transformations in the system of the world political organization, as well as the concept of global governance and megatrends of world politics, the key of which is globalization. The authors of the article consider the experience of individual global and regional associations, which are considered to be the elements of global governance, whose functions, among the other, include responding to challenges of a biogenic nature, identifying several important trends, among which are the intensification of previously emerging trends, the strengthening of isolationism, the growing political fragmentation of the world, destructive influence of “coronacrisis” on globalization, but with parallel sectoral polarization in global economy, a new balancing between cooperation and competition in international relations. At the same time, it is argued that there is no alternative to international cooperation in solving problems of a global nature, which can hardly indicate the end of globalization and the triumph of disintegration and de-democratization. The authors argue about the heightened need to reform global governance, since the efforts of individual international associations cannot lead to solving global challenges, and the national-centrist approach to solving global problems proves its inefficiency and irresponsibility. As a result, we are talking about the lack of alternative to the idea of forming a system of global governance, which should be based on cooperation and interaction of states, international organizations and institutions, as well as business structures and academic communities, in other words, rely on multilateral and multilevel approach. The authors are convinced of the need to develop a project of an “ideal future” taking into account the identified trends in the transformation of the political organization of the world and the effects of megatrends, which implies the further development of scientific research and discussions, as well as a series of international negotiating forums on the future structure of the world and the corresponding pattern of global governance.
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Samosiuk, I., V. Orzheshkovsky, W. Zukow und A. Sikorska. „To the history of hydrothermotherapy: pages of history“. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 1, Nr. 1 (03.03.2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2011.01.01.001.
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In 1921 in London, was created by the International Society of Medical Hydrology, which included scientificsocieties of scientists from over 40 countries, in 1928 they were joined by scientists of the Soviet Union. In 1937 wasorganized by the International Federation of the health resort, which in 1947, renamed the "International Federation ofHydrotherapy and Climatology (FITEC). In 1999, Congress in Yalta, it was called "The World Federation ofHydrotherapy and Climatotherapy (FEMTEC). FEMTEC is the most representative association of Spa and healthorganizations in the world. FEMTEC composed of national Spa and health resorts associations and federations, as wellas central state organizations dealing with Spa problems from many countries and continents. FEMTEC functions underthe aegis of the World Health Organization and submits every three years report on its activities. The principal functionsof the Federation are following: representing world thermalism matters and promote them internationally before statesand public organization; international business-like co-operation in health resorts' sector; study, research and experienceexchanges in the sphere of Spa treatments; popularization of Spa and health resorts of the FEMTEC member-countriesin different countries of the world. With a view of organizing fruitful activities of FEMTEC there function 4 permanentcommissions: medical, economic, technical and social. FEMTEC members actively participate in international scientificsymposia, exhibitions, conferences; there are held annual General Assembly, Executive Board and ExecutiveCommittee meetings. Every year FEMTEC organizes Scientific Congress along with a competition of scientific works,marks of the best thermalists etc. The Federation maintains close contacts with European Spas Association (ESPA),World Tourism Organization (WTO) and other international organizations. The Board of FEMTEC includes thefollowing member: Prof. Nikolay Storozhenko - (Russia) President of FEMTEC from 1998, President National SpaAssociation D.M., Honored Physician (http://www.naturmed.unimi.it/femtec.html). In 1996 he joined the Federation ofRussia, which was timed to the International Congress "The resort medicine, science and practice", held in May 1996 inSt. Petersburg. In 1998 the Federation adopted the Ukrainian Association of Physiotherapists and health resort. One ofthe main problems is FEMTEC: cooperation of scientific institutions, exchange of information in the study oftechnological and scientific problems associated with water-and climate-through scientific committees, convening theannual congresses, conferences, symposia, seminars, publications, etc.
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Segura, J., J. A. Pascual, R. Ventura, J. I. Ustaran, A. Cuevas und R. Gonzalez. „International cooperation in analytical chemistry: experience of antidoping control at the XI Pan American Games“. Clinical Chemistry 39, Nr. 5 (01.05.1993): 836–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.5.836.
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Abstract We describe the experience of the international cooperation carried out for antidoping control at the XI Pan American Games. A temporary accreditation was granted by the International Olympic Committee to the accredited laboratory of Barcelona (Spain) to set up a Doping Control Laboratory in Havana. Two other laboratories from Mexico and Cuba contributed personnel, materials, and instrumentation. The main issues associated with the preparation and organization of the project are described. During 16 days, 741 urine samples were tested for stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids, beta-blockers, diuretics, cannabinoids, local anesthetics, and human chorionic gonadotropin by gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and immunoassay techniques. Analytical methodologies, quality-control strategies, and the main results are reported.
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Gubin, A. V., und Valentina V. Kamysheva. „THE THIRTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE OF SURGICAL CARE TO FOREIGN PATIENTS IN STATE ORTHOPEDICS CLINIC“. Health Care of the Russian Federation 62, Nr. 1 (24.05.2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2018-62-1-51-56.
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The history of medical tourism counts several millennia. however, medical tourism became a wide-spread occurrence only to the end of XX century, in the age of globalization that favored drastic increasing of low budget mass tourism at the expense of development of Internet and accessibility of air flights. The purpose of study. To share experience of organization of planned medical care to foreign patients in conditions of state orthopedics clinic. During 1983-2016 in the Academician G.A. Ilizarov Russian Research Center «Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics» 1304 foreign patients coming from 82 countries were treated. In the Ilizarov Center, to resolve all paramedical issues related to stay of foreign patients, an international department is functioning since July 14 1988, organized on the basis of a group accomplishing organization of scientific technical cooperation. The major tasks of the international department are organization and promotion of development of international relationships of the Center. The international department is a unique section having no analogues in other federal health care institutions. The experience of the Ilizarov Center in rendering orthopedic care to foreign citizen is a leading one for Russia. The main factor determining attractiveness of the Center to foreigners is a uniqueness of technology of Ilizarov transosseous osteosynthesis in combination with enormous experience in treatment of orthopedic pathology. Conclusions. The medical tourism becomes one of major sections of modern global economics. The amelioration of quality and accessibility of high-tech medical care under dedicated state policy, legislation, community and mass media support can at least to shorten withdrawal of funds from our country and support one's own centers of competence.
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Batyr, V. A. „Development of an International Convention on the Control of Dangerous Infectious Diseases — Modern Requirement“. Lex Russica, Nr. 8 (25.08.2020): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.165.8.106-123.
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The paper deals with current international legal problems that have arisen in connection with the uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the study of the international legal framework aimed at countering the spread of dangerous infectious diseases, the author concludes that the existing rules and recommendations have been ineffective during the rapid spread of coronavirus infection. The activities of individual states and the World Health Organization are analyzed, and the possibility to request an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the issue related to the spread of the pandemic in 2019-2020 is justified. A proposal has been put forward to establish a Committee on dangerous infectious diseases. The author suggests that international medical law as a complex international legal institution be at the stage of formation and should receive progressive development, including through the development and adoption of international medical agreements. A conceptual framework for decision-making is provided for evaluating and notifying events that may constitute a public health emergency of international significance. The chronology of the events in January — March 2020 related to the spread of COVID-19 and the measures taken to counteract it is reproduced. The author proposes the concept of a new International Convention "On the fight against dangerous infectious diseases" that should enshrine the following provisions: early notification about dangerous communicable disease; cooperation of the states in localization of the infectious diseases foci; cooperation with WHO; grant aid to the requesting state; facilitation of personnel, equipment and property transit through the territory of a state in and out of the requesting state; cooperation of states in order to facilitate the settlement of legal actions and complaints, etc.
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Gruzieva, T. S. „DEVELOPMENT OF KYIV SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE“. Клінічна та профілактична медицина 2, Nr. 20 (19.05.2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.2(20).2022.01.
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The aim of the work is to study the processes of development of the Kyiv Social and Hygienic Scientific School during the period of Ukraine’s independency, it’s contribution to the development of medical and social research and development of the health care system.
Materials and methods. Published scientific papers and reports were used like sources of information. The methodology was based on the using of historical-bibliographic and information-analytical methods.
Results. Since 1991, a new stage of development of the Kyiv Social and Hygiene Scientific School has been started, closely connected with the state-forming processes in the country. Important scientific tasks of the representatives of this school were the scientific substantiation of the new national health care system, preparation of modern specialists in the sphere of social medicine and health care organization, optimization of organization and management of medical services, development of public health system, etc. Department of Social Medicine and Health Care of Bogomolets National Medical University later was transformed into the Department of Social Medicine and Public Health and continue the traditions according previous years in the development of scientific and educational direction in social medicine and health care organization, filled it with modern content. Members of the school became developers of a number of important strategic and program documents on development of the field, including concepts, state programs, national plans. They actively worked on forming the regulatory and legal base of health care. The department, as a scientific and methodological center of educational process implementation in medical and social direction, has carried out development of new modern educational programs on social medicine, public health and their educational and methodical support. The staff members of the department are developers of educational standards and programs.
The pedagogical staff of the department headed the work on writing and publishing a number of new national editions and educational manuals to provide teaching of specialized educational disciplines. Over time, the Department’s graduates have joined to the groups of other scientific and educational institutions, which contributed to the expansion and progressive development of the Kyiv Social and Hygiene Scientific School. Active preparation of new personnel of social workers for scientific and educational institutions and practical health care was carried out. International cooperation, cooperation of school representatives with WHO, WHO/Europe and other international healthcare organizations have been strong developed.
Conclusion. The repairing of Ukraine's independence marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of the Kyiv Social and Hygienic Scientific School, which continues nowadays. It is characterized by active transformation and internationalization of medical, social, scientific and educational trends in health care in the context of building a new national health care system, scientific support of reforms, preparation of a new modern constellation of social hygienists, creation of new and strengthening existing schools and development of international cooperation.
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Kholikov, I. „The spread of epidemics, pandemics, and mass diseases as a contemporary global challenge“. Pathways to Peace and Security, Nr. 2 (2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2020-2-27-40.
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The article focuses on the spread of mass diseases as one of the critical modern global challenges. It analyzes the negative consequences of this phenomenon, including medical, economic, social, political, and legal consequences. The author provides a brief overview of major epidemics that occurred in the recent history, assesses economic damage inflicted by them and identifies spheres of human activity most vulnerable to pandemics. The article also raises the issue of legal responsibility of states and international organizations for actions (or inaction) that contribute to the spread of mass diseases. Recommended strategies to increase the level of global epidemiological security include the need to both strengthen national health systems and ensure international exchange of knowledge, technologies and materials, including viruses and laboratory samples, and to develop and expand overall international cooperation in this field. The author argues that the World Health Organization should continue to play the key role in this process on the basis of its systems of epidemiological surveillance, global warning and response, its long and solid experience as a global leader in public health and its partnerships with governments, UN system organizations, civil society, academia, private sector and media.
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Budiartha, I. Nyoman Putu, und Rahmat Mohamad. „A New Global Regulation on Public Health – Is the World Ready for A Second Treaty?“ Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 5, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/scj.5.1.2022.1-7.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a worldwide pandemic that has caused in high number of deaths in many countries and across national boundaries. In its early stage, governments all over the world have decided to implement lockdowns and closing of national border as ad hoc measures to slow down the drastic increase of the widespread of Covid-19. The United Nations through the UN General Assembly at its 74th session adopted Resolution on Global solidarity to fight COVID-19 recognized that this pandemic requires a global response based on unity, solidarity and renewed multilateral cooperation. The UN General Assembly passed under resolution on international cooperation to ensure global access to medicines, vaccines and medical equipment to face Covid-19 pandemic. This article is divided into three parts; the background of the current health security regulatory system under the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005; the pursuance of pandemic treaty sponsored by WHO and 26 countries from Europe, Latin America and Asia and its justifications and the challenges ahead in resolving world pandemic regulatory system. The IHR aims for international collaboration "to prevent, protect against, control, and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks and that avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade”. There is a need to design a compulsory mechanism for alert to act much earlier and the alert system must be a build in compulsory mechanism. The compliance can only be made possible through the availability of coordination platform between WHO and other international organization like IMO, WTO and ICAO. Thirdly, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) must play the vital role in giving the mandate to WHO to implement the coordination with other international organization. Hence, member states must therefore, give their political commitment in ensuring the successful coordination with other international agencies.
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Vivsyanyk, O. „ANALYSIS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES AND INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS BY THEIR FUNCTIONAL DIRECTIONS“. Law and public administration 2, Nr. 1 (2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/pdu.2020.1-2.13.
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Pavlov, A. V. „Yaroslavl State Medical University on the Threshold of 75th Anniversary“. Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 28, Nr. 8-9 (20.09.2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-8-9-129-137.
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In 2019 Yaroslavl State Medical University celebrates its 75th anniversary. For decades, the university has held strong positions in the educational and scientific space of modern Russia. Well-known scientists, health care managers, highly decorated experts in various branches of medicine and prominent public figures are among the alumni of the University. Today, Yaroslavl State Medical University provides training for highly qualified medical workers, as well as professional retraining and advanced training of doctors and pharmacists, actively carries out basic and applied research, develops modern information and technological tools and introduces innovative teaching models. The article examines the modern features of the organization of the educational process and the practical training of students, extracurricular work, research and innovation activities, inter university interaction and international cooperation, and also formulates the main prospects for the development of the University.
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Vašek, Tomáš, Jaroslav Žďára, Petr Král, Milan Růžička, Michal Potáč, Petr Smola und John Quinn. „Evidence based medicine: lessons learned from the NATO Military Medical Center of Excellence“. Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 123, Nr. 3 (01.08.2020): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2020.123.3.1.
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Evidenced-based medicine drives best practices. The Lessons Learned (LL) process in clinical medicine for deployed and military support services drive the NATO Military Medical Center of Excellence (MILMED COE). This review article focuses on the Lessons Learned process and its use in NATO and partner countries medical services. Organizational learning drives development and progress; capturing lessons from mistakes, colleagues’ interactions and institutional experience can be lost without an organized lesson learned process. Therefore, in 2014, NATO institutions and Centers of Excellence across disciplines began to focus on the quality management, information sharing and evidence-based practices to maximize outcomes. Since this inception, NATO has implemented the Lessons Learned process and expanded the impact across the alliance in order to save life and prevent illness. The Lessons Learned process and sharing of experience is also a way to improve the quality of care in the military medicine, from preventive, epidemiological, trauma related, casualty evacuation and forward surgical care, among many others, to the medical standardization and organization of military medical services. The Lessons Learned process is an undertaking and an instrument that can also be used to achieve better international and civil-military cooperation. Finally, we deal with the current situation and use of the information obtained from the areas of military health care.
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Okhabska, Iryna, Vira Budzyn, Ivan Rybchych, Ivan Zyma und Yurii Kalichak. „Management of medical institutions on context of provision medical and preventive care in COVID-19 condition“. International journal of health sciences 6, Nr. 1 (20.02.2022): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.4381.
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The aim of the study management of medical institutions in the context of providing medical and preventive care in conditions of COVID-19 is an urgent research problem because it provides detection of management’s effective mechanism in times of crisis. It was to identify the management’s peculiarities of medical institutions in the context of providing medical and preventive care in conditions of COVID-19. The article uses a qualitative content analysis method, a method of comparison, and a method of analysis of countries’ cases in the context of rendering medical and preventive care in Ukraine, Spain, Italy, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The article identifies the main elements of the health system management mechanism during the pandemic, which includes coordinated work by stakeholders to ensure a coordinated response to the emergency. The mechanism includes the organizational, legal, and financial components of cooperation between agencies and ministries of national, regional level, involvement international organizations in the process of development of policy and tactics, management crisis’ strategies. Strategic documents of the national level are one of the main elements of the management’s system.
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Kolsanov, A. V., und E. V. Avdeeva. „II INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CONFERENCE “BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. SAMARA - 2016”: NEW ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACHES IN NEUROSCIENCES, RESULTS OF FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED RESEARCHES, FORMATION OF RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH GROUPS“. Science and Innovations in Medicine 1, Nr. 3 (15.09.2016): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2016-0-3-6-11.
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An overview article based on the proceedings of the II International research and practice conference “Brain-machine interface: science and practice. Samara - 2016”. Principal directions of discussions in specific research areas are represented: neurophysiology and mathematic modeling, neural networks and neurocommunication, neurocomputer interfaces, neurorehabilitation technologies, virtual reality in medical and social rehabilitation. The paper also presents decisions taken upon cooperation of participants in the sphere of scientific and technological cooperation and integration of domestic and foreign innovations into the global process of the development of neurotechnologies.
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Волынская, О. А. „Organizational and legal issues of international cooperation on the problem of space debris“. Научные труды Института астрономии РАН, Nr. 1 (22.07.2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51194/inasan.2022.7.1.002.
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Засорение околоземного космического пространства - одна из главных угроз для мировой космонавтики. Глобальной проблеме космического мусора уделяется серьезное международное внимание. К настоящему времени был принят целый ряд международных технических рекомендаций и стандартов в данной области, которые, однако, необязательны к исполнению. Международное космическое право содержит нормы и принципы, прямо или косвенно затрагивающие деятельность по борьбе с космическим мусором. Между тем эти нормы носят общий характер и не учитывают множество специфических правовых аспектов рассматриваемой проблемы. В свете общего курса на обеспечение долгосрочной устойчивости космической деятельности возникает потребность в упорядоченном регулировании усилий участников такой деятельности по борьбе с засорением и засоренностью космоса. Contamination of the near-Earth space is one of the main threats to space activities all over the world. The global problem of space debris receives serious international attention. To date, a number of international technical recommendations and standards in this area have been adopted, which, however, are not binding. International space law provides for norms and principles that are directly or indirectly relevant to activities against space debris. However, these norms are of a general nature and do not take into account many specific legal aspects of the problem. In the light of the general course towards the long-term sustainability of space activities, there is a need for an orderly regulation of multi-actor efforts to mitigate and remediate space debris.
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Borisova, A. L., M. S. Pokrovskaya, A. N. Meshkov, V. A. Metelskaya, A. M. Shatalova und O. M. Drapkina. „ISO 20387 biobanking standard. Analysis of requirements and experience of implementation“. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, Nr. 9 (16.09.2020): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-9-587-592.
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Currently one of the most important problems facing biobanking specialists is the standardization of biobanks operation. Close attention is paid to this issue by international biobanking organizations, such as ISBER and BBMRI-ERIC, which develop regulatory documentation in this area. The article provides examples of standardization tools - implementation of the ISO 9001 quality standard and ISBER Best Practices. General information about the development, scope, and structure of the ISO 20387 standard is provided. The standard does not provide ready-made solutions and does not contain specific requirements for storage temperature or biosamples processing in biobanks, allowing each biobank to adapt its own management system to existing conditions and needs. The standard contains requirements for both the organization of the biobanking and the supporting processes - personnel competence; requirements for biological safety; infrastructure management, including equipment used by the biobank, environmental parameters that affect the storage of biomaterial. The standard contains requirements for the quality management system of biobank, as a necessary element of the organization of any biorepository. At the initiative of the Russian National Association of biobanks and biobanking specialists (NASBIO), development of the Russian standard GOST R ISO 20387 «Biotechnology. Collection and storage of biological samples in biobanks. General requirements» is included in the plan of the National Standardization Program for 2020 by order of Rosstandart No. 2612 of 11/01/2019. Implementing quality standards is a long and painstaking process that requires the involvement of all employees and certain resources. However, the effectiveness of strict compliance exceeds the cost of developing, implementing and maintaining management systems, as it significantly increases the confidence of researchers in the work of biobanks, guarantees high quality of biospecimens and associated data, and creates opportunities for cooperation, both at the national and international level, based on the application of common quality standards in the work.
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Kotelnikov, GP P., und AV V. Kolsanov. „INNOVATION IN SSMU: INFRASTRUCTURE, TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT OF BREAKTHROUGH PROJECTS, TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES INTO PRACTICE, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN RUSSIAN AND REGIONAL INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM“. Science and Innovations in Medicine 1, Nr. 1 (15.03.2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2016-0-1-8-13.
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The article focuses on the role of Samara State Medical University in the development of innovative capacity of the Samara region in the sphere of healthcare and medical education. Special attention is given to the multilevel innovative infrastructure of SSMU, which includes such unique departments as the Center for groundbreaking research “IT in medicine”, the scientific and production technology park, scientific-educational centers, small innovative enterprises and others. In particular, this infrastructure is an integrative platform not only for own innovation process at the university, but also for the development of current medical science prospects, for the formation of unique competences in interdisciplinary spheres, for the realization of science-based business, for the organization of innovative educational process (especially in the sphere of simulation technologies), for implementation into clinical practice, and also for successful incorporation into international cooperation.
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Kutyrev, V. V., S. A. Shcherbakova, I. G. Karnaukhov, Zh A. Kas’yan, A. E. Shiyanova, V. A. Gorbunov, A. G. Kras’ko et al. „System of Monitoring and Response to Public Health Emergencies of Sanitary-Epidemiological Character in the CIS Countries“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 3 (30.10.2022): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2022-3-95-106.
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The most important component of strengthening the potential for responding to biological threats both at the national and interstate levels is the formation of a unified system for monitoring and responding to emergencies (ES) of sanitary-epidemiological nature in the CIS territory.The aim of the work was to review the systems for monitoring and responding to emergencies of sanitary-epidemiological character in the CIS countries by the example of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic, to characterize the main areas of international cooperation on countering biological threats and coordinating international response measures in the CIS countries.Materials and methods. Information and analytical materials provided by organizations responsible for epidemiological surveillance and control in the CIS countries, Internet sources, and publications were used for the study.Results and discussion. The organization and functioning of the systems for monitoring and responding to emergencies in the CIS countries is a state function. It includes, as a rule, the national, regional (sub-national) and territorial (local) levels, which have horizontal and vertical connections. The legal framework is made up of documents of the legislative level. Interdepartmental interaction in response to emergencies is carried out both at the republican level and in administrative territories; the basis for interaction is the integrated planning of preventive and anti-epidemic measures and the functioning of the relevant organizational structures on an ongoing basis. Since 2015, with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation, programs have been implemented aimed at assisting partner countries in the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) in order to increase national response capacity and form a unified sanitaryepidemiological emergency response system in the CIS countries. The main areas of collaboration are strengthening the material and technical base and human resources of specialized institutions and scientific cooperation. As a result of the program implementation, a unified system for monitoring and prompt response to emergencies in the field of public health of sanitary-epidemiological nature has essentially been formed in the CIS countries to date, uniting more than 15 specialized institutions from 8 CIS countries.
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Gahwal, Jay Kumar, Anara Urkunova, Gulzhana Jenalayeva, Aigul Kupenova und Gulmira Nurgaliyeva. „Adaptation of International Students to University Reality in Kazakhstan (on the Example of WKMU)“. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, Nr. 5 (26.05.2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.5.4.
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One of the most important topics for Kazakhstani universities in the context of internationalization of higher education is the successful adaptation of international students to a university setting. A high level of students' adaptation, socially and psychologically comfortable conditions for them may increase the number of international students in Kazakhstan from the perspective. The article analyzes the main aspects of international students` socio-cultural adaptation at the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, the Republic of Kazakhstan (WKMU). A sociological survey was conducted among the Indian students of the Faculty of General Medicine. Challenges of international students at WKMU include the language barrier, the difference in assessment, and education systems in India and Kazakhstan. A favourable condition for the socio-cultural adaptation of international students at WKMU is the organization of intercultural interaction and cooperation of students in the educational space of the university. The results of the study are offered to be taken into consideration by administrative structures, responsible for supervising international students at the university.
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Klymenko, Oksana, und Olena Sokur. „Interaction of the National Library of Ukraine Named After V. I. Vernadskyi with Higher Education Institutions in the Context of Information Technology“. Ukrainian Journal on Library and Information Science, Nr. 10 (28.12.2022): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7654.10.2022.269467.
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One of the most important areas of modernization of the entire library and information sphere of the country is the establishment of close interaction of domestic libraries with higher education institutions. The aim of the article is to disclose the main trends and directions of fruitful cooperation of V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine with domestic and foreign institutions of higher education. The methodological basis of the article was formed by a complex of general scientific and special methods of scientific research. The principle of unity of interconnection with modern conditions is used; normative and alternative approaches; methods of analysis, source search, cognitive, structural-functional, descriptive, synthesis. The scientific novelty is to argue the diversification interaction of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine with domestic and foreign institutions of higher education as an invasive process in the near future by the following vectors: change of practice strategies and internship programs; V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine participation in competitions of student scientific works; Qualitative modification in the field of advanced training (V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine as a base for teachers of profile higher education institutions and vice versa profile higher education institutions – base for V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine specialists) and others. Conclusions. The impact of globalization and dynamic information technology of society requires acceleration of integration processes, modernization of structure and qualitative strategy of interaction between the educational services market and the labor market, so 1) it is necessary to develop optimal forms of interaction on partnerships between profile higher education institutions and V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine at a rapid rate Communications through the enrichment of interaction methods, diversification of platforms (forums, meetings, round tables, etc.), 3) rationally spread the best experience of both domestic interaction and foreign. The interaction of V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine with higher education institutions is constructively developed in such tested areas as international cooperation, cooperation, partnership, integration, coordination and cooperation. International cooperation of V. I Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine with foreign higher education institutions is implemented through traditional document exchange, joint organization and active participation in scientific conferences, membership in the editorial boards of periods of professional publications. The promising direction of development of information service is the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine partner interaction with the libraries of leading domestic higher education institutions.
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Tomulic Brusich, Katarina. „"Let's Live Life - Let's Give Life": Donor Program Improvement as the Key to Transplantation Success in 21<sup>st</sup> Century - A Croatian Experience“. OBM Transplantation 06, Nr. 04 (15.11.2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.transplant.2204169.
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Transplantation is a widely accepted and successful life-saving treatment for hundreds of thousands of patients. However, transplant medicine still faces a number of obstacles. One of the most significant is the large disparity between the number of donors and recipients and the growing need for re-transplantation. In the last two decades, the improvement and organization of the national transplantation program in Croatia have resulted in a steadily increasing donor rate and therefore the transplantation numbers. As the key points of the donor program's success, I would single out the appointment of hospital and national transplant coordinators, the financial reimbursement model for additional medical staff engaged with the donors, the adoption of new legislation, public awareness campaigns and international cooperation with Eurotransplant.
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Khodus, S. „Possibilities of Simulation Technologies in the Implementation of Scientific Strategic Projects. #NeuroCHEburashka“. Virtual Technologies in Medicine, Nr. 3 (02.09.2022): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2022_3_1493.
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The paper presents a project for the strategic development of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Amur State Medical Academy for 2022–2030. The role and capabilities of the Accreditation and Simulation Center and simulation medical technologies in the implementation of this project are determined. The main vectors of network interaction with other universities, scientific organizations of the Region and the Russian Federation, areas of international cooperation are presented.
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AVANESOVA, N. E., Y. I. SERHIIENKO und R. A. LYUBUSHIN. „STRENGTHENING THE STATE CYBER DEFENSE AND CREATING OF CYBER TROOPS: STATE, PROBLEMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC MEASURES FOR UKRAINE“. Economic innovations 24, Nr. 1(82) (20.03.2022): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2022.24.1(82).25-40.
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Topicality. In the last decade, cyberspace has become the fifth separate, specific and important area of armed struggle, along with four traditional ones - "Earth", "Sea", "Air" and "Space". The use of cyber troops and cyber weapons, cyber defense, cyber operations and cyber-attacks is now considered commonplace. Since 2014, Ukraine has been forced to repel hybrid Russian armed aggression, including in cyberspace. But the recognition of cyber defense as a new important component of its defense took place only in March 2016 in the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine [1] (hereinafter - the Strategy). At the same time, it states, in particular, that "The basis of the national cybersecurity system will be the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine." The Strategy also for the first time for the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine (Ministry of Defense) and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (General Staff of the Armed Forces) identified additional new main tasks, namely: measures to prepare the state to repel military aggression in cyberspace; military cooperation with NATO related to cyber security and joint protection against cyber threats; Ensuring in cooperation with the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine cyber protection of its own information infrastructure. Cyber defense - a set of political, economic, social, military, scientific, scientific and technical, informational, legal, organizational and other measures carried out in cyberspace and aimed at protecting the sovereignty and defense capabilities of the state, preventing armed conflict and repelling armed aggression. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the scientific basis for strengthening the state's cyber defense and creating cyber troops. The organization of effective cyber defense of the state requires the solution of a number of important tasks and, first of all, the elimination of gaps in the regulatory framework. It is unfortunate to recognize that so far, the legislation of Ukraine does not define the basics of cyber defense, especially the purpose, goals, principles and objectives of cyber defense, its subjects and objects, construction, preparation and conduct of such defense, as well as the relevant powers of public authorities. functions and tasks of military administration bodies, other state bodies, responsibilities of officials, rights and responsibilities of citizens of Ukraine, etc. And this, in our opinion, makes it impossible to adequately define the tasks of cyber troops, which should play a leading role in the implementation of cyber defense tasks and should be created to implement the aforementioned decision of the President of Ukraine. Research results. Modern challenges and integrated threats to peace and stability have given rise to new approaches to practice cooperation in the field of cyber defense. The community has arrived agreement that only by joint efforts and on the basis of international law can security be resolved problems of the global information environment in the context of countering the latest information threats. Therefore, the need for policy research is obvious cyber defense of organizations introduced recently, practical consideration of new documents and decisions on their institutional support and implementation in the activities of member states. Conclusion. The transformation of the information paradigm of global development, which is a reflection of new patterns of formation of the modern system of international relations, testifies to the innovations of international cooperation in the field of information and communication and accordingly needs to improve policies for international peace and stability. Modernization of international information security policies is determined by their ability to ensure a multilateral dialogue of international actors, take into account the different positions of global actors in combating the latest information threats and act in accordance with their statutory powers as universal international platforms for consensus on current security issues.
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Levine, Zachary Paul. „Concealed in the Open: Recipients of International Clandestine Jewish Aid in Early 1950s Hungary“. Hungarian Cultural Studies 5 (01.01.2012): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2012.67.
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This article discusses the emergence of the semi-clandestine efforts of a network of international Jewish philanthropies and the Israeli government to send material and financial aid to Jews in early-communist Hungary. Post Second World War Hungary was a special focus for Jewish aid organizations in the west and the Israeli government. They poured resources into Hungary, both to feed, cloth and provide medical care to hundreds of thousands of Jews, and to assist thousands of Jews migrating west through Hungary. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the dominant Jewish aid organization in the world at the time, ran its largest and most expensive program in Hungary. Working with Israeli and Hungarian authorities, it financed a network of welfare services, often through the importation of scarce consumer goods and raw materials. As the Communist Party reshaped the economy, and pushed out “undesirable elements” from Hungarian life, this aid program served a growing population of impoverished, sick, and religious Jews, some exiled in Hungary’s countryside. This program increasingly took advantage of black market networks to distribute aid. Yet, after conditions deteriorated so much that this program ceased officially, Jewish aid providers in the US and Israel adapted their earlier practices and networks to take advantage of the impoverished consumer economy in program to distribute aid clandestinely to Hungarian Jews, with the cooperation of Hungary’s communist authorities.
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Widyanti, Rahmi. „Do Leadership Style and Organizational Communication Increase to Organizational Commitment? Study Among Hospital Staff“. HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration 11, Nr. 2 (01.08.2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0016.
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AbstractGeneral problems who experienced by some large hospitals in Indonesia weakness caused by factors other than internal (internal weakness), especially of facilities and human resources who is still relatively less and still the weak competitiveness of organization (low competitive advantage) and combined with the terrier such as qualities and support of leadership. The weak in the field of organizational communication on hospital in anticipation regional and international free market competition. The gap medical staff functional (MSF), between in government hospital and private hospital has resulted in the role of an assignment with the condition a very complicated. Specialized doctors tend to be part time in government hospital, place official work. The problems need to examined the more distant is how to create commitment staff functional medical and so far, of needed harmonious relations. Organizational communication to create cooperation and a good relationship and pattern leadership in managing the hospital to medical staff functional and non-medical is a thing also become the adhesive for the hospital system that could increase commitment. This study aims to assess empirical pertaining to with a variable in leadership styles and organizational communication impact they may have on organizational commitment of MSF. A method of survey was used in this study, while the kind of research is considered to be explanatory research. Such data was gathered through 43 MSF and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). This research result show that variable of leadership styles could to increase an organizational communication. Leadership styles significant and could influence on organizational commitment, and organizational communication the influence on organizational commitment as significant.
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Smolensky, V. Yu, V. P. Toporkov, I. G. Karnaukhov, A. V. Toporkov und V. V. Kutyrev. „Organizational and Methodological Aspects of International Cooperation for the Provision of Sanitary-and-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 3(113) (20.06.2012): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2012-3-5-14.
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The study in question of the structure and content of international cooperation in the sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population in its various formats – on the UN, WHO, “G-8”, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, and BRICS levels, as well as within the frames of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan – has made it possible to develop a model of international intercourse organization characterized by such functional features as assessment of the epidemiological situation peculiarities and IHR implementation status, realization of global strategy for infectious diseases control, systemic modernization of methodology, technologies, materials-and-equipment resources as well as human assets and production of medical immune-biological preparations (MIBP), stationary network and mobile complexes for emergency response in order to level the interstate potentials for the provision of effective prevention, detection and monitoring over emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population (ES). Top-priority in the list of the ESs is given to novel emerging infectious diseases control as it primarily demands improvement of the informational–and–analytical prognosis–modeling base within the frames of epidemiological surveillance system and sanitary protection of the state territories. Great need in such type of projects is substantiated based on the examples of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic and West-Nile fevers control. Nevertheless, for the realization of the model, coordinating functional authority/agency is required.
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Popova, A. Yu, T. A. Ruzhentsova, D. A. Khavkina, L. N. Tuychiev, M. D. Akhmedova, M. M. Madazimov, K. Sh Kholmatova et al. „Experience in International Cooperation on Organization of Anti-Epidemic Measures by Health Care Institutions under COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 3 (23.10.2021): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-122-128.
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The results of the joint work of a panel of experts from Rospotrebnadzor and healthcare professionals of the Republic of Uzbekistan on organizing activities to counter the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are described in the paper.The goal of the study was to determine the main driving forces of COVID-19 spread in the Republic of Uzbekistan and develop an action plan to reduce the incidence of coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. The organization of work in 14 health care institutions in Tashkent and Samarkand, as well as in Tashkent and Samarkand Regions, was analyzed: in 7 laboratories, 6 hospitals and 1 polyclinic. The routes for the movement of personnel, the demarcation of green and red zones, the features of disinfection and the use of personal protective equipment were studied. Attention is drawn to the diagnosis of COVID-19, the use of therapy aimed at reducing the period of virus shedding, the criteria for lifting quarantine restrictions for patients.Results and discussion. The main factors in the organization of work of institutions that contribute to the spread of COVID-19 among medical personnel and the population have been identifed: the lack of equipped gateways between the red and green zones with the accessibility of adequate disinfection, the wrong choice of personal protective equipment, monitoring of contact persons for 10 days, discharge from hospitals based on clinical improvement. The incorrect use of antiviral therapy, the lack of differentiated approaches to the selection of optimal regimens have been noted. Proposals are formulated for organizing the work of healthcare institutions, taking into account the requirements of biological safety. The introduction of targeted measures in addition to those previously adopted has led to a signifcant improvement in the epidemic situation: the total number of active cases in the Republic of Uzbekistan, despite the increase in testing volumes, decreased from 3,686 people on August 23 to 2335 on October 27. Towards December 20, 2020, 97 % of patients recovered completely. All diagnostic triage centers in the Republic of Uzbekistan are closed due to the absence of patients with COVID-19, most of the country’s medical institutions previously re-profled for patients with coronavirus infection have returned to the routine operations.
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Potapchik, Elena G. „Methods for assessing the need for health financing: international experience (analytical review)“. HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, Nr. 3 (12.07.2021): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-3-261-268.
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There has been an active discussion on estimating the need for public funding of the domestic health system. An analysis of international experience can be helpful to determine methodological approaches to estimate the market for government spending on the Russian health system. Aim. To systemize and summarize approaches and methods used in international practice to estimate the need for health financing; to highlight the most important factors dictating the need for additional funding. Material and methods. A systematic search with the developed protocol for publications, a comprehensive analysis and systematization of the obtained information. The protocol included databases of peer-reviewed publications, search terms, and search restrictions. The search for publications was carried out in the databases of Embase, Pubmed, Medline, Global Health, etc., on the websites of international organizations (World Health Organization (WHO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), etc.). The search strategy included a combination of the terms “free text” and “Medical subject heading”, which refer to the definition of the need for health financing. The main limitations of the search were the language of publications (English and Russian) and the date of publication (not earlier than 2000). Results. Of the two used in international practice approaches to estimate the need for health financing, a system based on the use of the current level of funding and its forecasting under several factors is used in developed countries. Forecasting health expenditures is one of the most effective tools to identify critical factors affecting needs for sector financing. Despite the variety of indicators and methods used, most studies agree that non-demographic factors, such as GDP growth and technology development, influence health spending growth to the greatest extent. Demographic factors per se, including population ageing, affect health spending growth to a lesser extent. Conclusion. Conducting scenario forecasts contributes to a better understanding of what can happen in the future if the government does not act. This also contributes to a more clear determining of the main spheres for government interventions in the health sector.
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Trufanov, A., A. Rossodivita, M. Aminova, A. Tikhomirov, A. Caruso und R. Umerov. „(A337) State Failure as a Factor in International Global Medical Operations: Network Modeling“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (Mai 2011): s95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003219.
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IntroductionIn order to counteract disasters and emergencies, it is necessary to build cooperation and collaboration among all entities and actors. Field teams of rescuers require support from the State experiencing a disaster. The responses to the earthquake in Haiti demonstrated a lack of cooperation and collaboration and the rescuers encountered concomitant difficulties. Thus, the problems in the field are not only related to natural and technological aspects, but also social and political contexts. It is time to explore the role of the impact of State power on national and international disasters and emergencies. One modern and fruitful instrument for analysis of these complicated social and group processes is Complex Network modeling. Complex Network tools have been applied successfully to understanding and counteracting such threats as they relate to the spread of infectious diseases and/or to terrorist activities. Another significant utilization of the Complex Network approach is to develop good governance, management, and organizational processes in national and corporate landscapes.MethodsBased on a Complex Network Scope, a novel, three-layer network model of public connections for diverse State regimes for further simulation is proposed. Quantitative assessments and practical processes should be implemented for countering global disasters using international and interdisciplinary teams. Contrary to the known hierarchical layer approach for knowledge acquisition, this new model describes an overall national Society Network by dividing the approach into the three layers: (1) Formal (State), as hierarchical governments structures; (2) Informal (presented by different long-term sustainable link groups); and (3) Informal (aquatinters with short term links (“weak ties”).ResultsAccording to each of these layers, one of three types of network topologies exist: (1) hierarchical; (2) scale-free; and (3) random, respectively.
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Semenets, V., A. Salieieva, O. Avrunin, V. Grishchenko, I. Karpenko und I. Solntseva. „Experience of the organization in Ukraine of the system of training of specialists for prosthetic industry according to international standards“. New Collegium 1, Nr. 103 (30.03.2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/nc.2021.1.19.
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At the present stage, the problem of training for related industries in the system of production, operation of products and provision of services is especially relevant. To a large extent, this is typical of medicine and related industries that are engaged in the production and operation of biotechnological devices and systems, electronic medical devices and the provision of rehabilitation services in health and social protection systems.
Training of specialists in the field of prosthetics and orthoses for the manufacture of means for the rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the work is to highlight the experience of the main stages of training of modern specialists for the prosthetic industry according to international standards. To do this, it is necessary to consider the main approaches to the formation of curricula, the organization of practical training and the scientific component of the training program for prosthetics and orthoses. From 2001 to 2012 according with cooperation program between KNURE and the Ukrainian Research Institute of Prosthetics 5 groups of bachelors and specialists with a total of 72 graduates underwent training under this program, 4 groups with a total of 65 graduates underwent retraining. In order to implement the project "Creation of prosthetic and orthopedic education in Ukraine", based on an international agreement between the Ukrainian Research Institute of Prosthetics, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics and the School of Rehabilitation Sciences (NS) began in January 2018 a training program for teachers-trainers for prosthetics and orthoses according to the educational program "Orthopedic Technologies and Engineering", developed in accordance with the international standard ISPO category II. The main stages of cooperation, practical and scientific parts for master's training in the specialty "Orthopedic Technologies and Engineering" in the specialty 163 – "Biomedical Engineering" are considered. In accordance with the international standard ISPO, a program for training specialists in prosthetics and orthoses according to the scientific plan "Orthopedic Technologies and Engineering" has been created and started to operate. The perspective of the work is the development of modern educational content for the training of highly qualified specialists of different levels of education in "Orthopedic Technologies and Engineering" in accordance with modern world standards.
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Hristozova, Mariya. „CHILDREN'S RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE ACTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION“. Knowledge International Journal 28, Nr. 6 (10.12.2018): 2051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062051m.
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One of the most vulnerable people in every society is children who, due to their physical, emotional, psychological and social immaturity, can not protect their fundamental rights and freedoms themselves and need increased support from the international community and national authorities. In view of these objective circumstances, in the system of the United Nations has adopted a number of legal acts which lay down minimum international standards for the protection of children's righThe most important and comprehensive international treaty for the protection of children 's rights is the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This Act proclaims a number of civil, economic, social and cultural rights for children who should be protected in all legal systems, such as: the right to education, the right to social security, the right to a standard of living appropriate to the physical, mental, social development of the child and other rights.Article 24 of the UN Convention also sets out the right of every child to enjoy "the highest attainable standard of health and health services to treat illness and restore his health." The right of children to health includes in its content, separate, autonomous rights and freedoms, such as the right to access quality medical care and remedies for illness and health rehabilitation, the right to control one's own health and body and others.In fulfillment of their obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, States have an obligation to take comprehensive measures to ensure the fundamental human rights enshrined in the international treaty, including children's health, such as legislative, administrative, economic and other measures.However, the adoption of an appropriate legal framework is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of children's health. That right falls under the category of social rights, the full exercise of which requires active cooperation from the States. Today in a number of reports by international organizations is stated that many countries do not have sufficient financial resources to ensure the practical implementation of their obligations under international treaties, which creates a real risk to the children's right to health and for all their fundamental rights. In view of these disturbing data, further steps need to be taken to strengthen and guarantee all children's fundamental rights, especially their right to health, both at international and national level.
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Petryaykina, E. E., I. O. Shchederkina, I. P. Vitkovskaya, P. V. Svirin, A. V. Gorbunov, A. E. Kessel, Yu A. Khachaturov, G. E. Chmutin und N. N. Kuleshov. „Primary pediatric stroke center in the multidisciplinary pediatric hospital. New reality in pediatrics“. City Healthcare 1, Nr. 1 (16.10.2020): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2020.v1i1;15-30.
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Background. The increase in the number of diagnosed strokes in children, significant distinctive features and complexity of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in children compared with adults, the impossibility of direct extrapolation of therapeutic recommendations from adult practice to pediatrics required the creation of specialized primary centers of pediatric stroke in Russia. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe the experience of organizing a Center for the treatment of children and adolescents with cerebrovascular diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Center) on the basis of the multidisciplinary pediatric hospital of the Morozovskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Healthcare Department, the introduction of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of strokes in pediatrics, the organization of preventive measures, maintaining the city register of children's stroke, coordinating the provision of medical care to children with cerebrovascular diseases at various levels in the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. The presented experience of organizing and operating the Center covers the period from 2014 to 2019. Researchers used descriptive, statistical, and comparative analysis to demonstrate the Center's performance and justify proposed improvements in diagnostics, management of pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disease, and relapse prevention. Results. In the course of the organization and operation of the Center, there was assessed the frequency of children's strokes in the city: in 2015 - 6.59 cases per 100 thousand of the child population of Moscow; in 2016 - 6.51 per 100 thousand; in 2017 - 6.43 per 100 thousand and in 2018 - 5.86 per 100 thousand. There were improved: the diagnostics of cerebrovascular pathology and its algorithm, modern reperfusion methods of treatment (thrombolysis, thromboextraction) were introduced into practice, outpatient observation. The equipment and trained specialists concentration on the basis of the Center allowed the creation of the Center "full cycle". Maintaining the city register of pediatric stroke made it possible to compare Russian data with those available in the literature and to establish international cooperation with the International Pediatric Stroke Organization. Conclusion. The establishment of the Center is an important example of interdisciplinary interaction in pediatrics. The City Register of Pediatric Stroke will make it possible to assess the problem of childhood stroke in Moscow. The accumulated organizational, medical and diagnostic, scientific, international and educational experience of the Center can be introduced in other regions of the Russian Federation to improve the provision of medical care to children and to solve the most important problem - preserving the health of the country's child population.
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Vlasova, A. V., T. A. Tenovskaya, L. V. Dymnova, Yu V. Romanova, A. B. Malahov, M. A. Muhina, I. P. Vitkovskaya, E. E. Petryaykina und O. I. Simonova. „Primary pediatric stroke center in the multidisciplinary pediatric hospital. New reality in pediatrics“. City Healthcare 1, Nr. 1 (16.10.2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2020.v1i1;51-59.
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Background. The increase in the number of diagnosed strokes in children, significant distinctive features and complexity of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in children compared with adults, the impossibility of direct extrapolation of therapeutic recommendations from adult practice to pediatrics required the creation of specialized primary centers of pediatric stroke in Russia. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe the experience of organizing a Center for the treatment of children and adolescents with cerebrovascular diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Center) on the basis of the multidisciplinary pediatric hospital of the Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Healthcare Department, the introduction of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of strokes in pediatrics, the organization of preventive measures, maintaining the city register of children’s stroke, coordinating the provision of medical care to children with cerebrovascular diseases at various levels in the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. The presented experience of organizing and operating the Center covers the period from 2014 to 2019. Researchers used descriptive, statistical, and comparative analysis to demonstrate the Center’s performance and justify proposed improvements in diagnostics, management of pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disease, and relapse prevention. Results. In the course of the organization and operation of the Center, there was assessed the frequency of children’s strokes in the city: in 2015 - 6.59 cases per 100 thousand of the child population of Moscow; in 2016 - 6.51 per 100 thousand; in 2017 - 6.43 per 100 thousand and in 2018 - 5.86 per 100 thousand. There were improved: the diagnostics of cerebrovascular pathology and its algorithm, modern reperfusion methods of treatment (thrombolysis, thromboextraction) were introduced into practice, outpatient observation. The equipment and trained specialists concentration on the basis of the Center allowed the creation of the Center «full cycle». Maintaining the city register of pediatric stroke made it possible to compare Russian data with those available in the literature and to establish international cooperation with the International Pediatric Stroke Organization. Conclusion. The establishment of the Center is an important example of interdisciplinary interaction in pediatrics. The City Register of Pediatric Stroke will make it possible to assess the problem of childhood stroke in Moscow. The accumulated organizational, medical and diagnostic, scientific, international and educational experience of the Center can be introduced in other regions of the Russian Federation to improve the provision of medical care to children and to solve the most important problem - preserving the health of the country’s child population.
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Brosig, Malte, und Dimpho Motsamai. „Modeling Cooperative Peacekeeping“. Journal of International Peacekeeping 18, Nr. 1-2 (09.06.2014): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1802002.
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Analyses of overlapping international organizations (ios) in security governance has gradually reached mainstream research. However, theory building is still in its infancy. Thus, this article aims to substantiate theory building by applying exchange theory to io interplay. Empirically, the article focuses on the African peace and security regime, which constitutes an interlocking system of global and regional governance, integrating both African and non-African ios. The article argues that inter-institutional cooperation is primarily driven by a functional logic of resource complementarity, compelled by resource scarcity. However, in practice, ios do not easily complement each other. The article finds that divergence of security concepts; the absence of institutional match and the strife for institutional autonomy can hamper cooperation significantly.
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Trachtenberg, Isaac. „Welcoming To Participants of The Eighteenth Multidisciplinary Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation "Medical and Pharmaceutical Law of Ukraine: Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Technology, Pharmaceutical Analysis and“. SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine 1, Nr. 2 (14.10.2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v1i2.21.
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Multidisciplinary health researches have great potential. Multidisciplinary research brings together doctors, pharmacists, lawyers and other scientists. The exchange of experience, scientific and practical cooperation is of great importance. High professionalism, knowledge, experience and high human, spiritual and moral qualities of our doctors, pharmacists, lawyers, scientists and specialists, powerful scientific, educational, technological and methodological potential of the country give all opportunities to effectively reform the domestic health care system, modernize the pharmaceutical industry and bring Ukrainian medicine and pharmacy to a competitive European and world level.
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Jakovljevic, Branislava, und Dimitrije Segedi. „The concept and importance of medical law“. Medical review 59, Nr. 3-4 (2006): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0604135j.
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Introduction. Medical law is a scientific discipline which has not been affirmed in our country, but at law schools in many developed countries it has gained the status of a separate scientific discipline and today it is studied with multidisciplinary cooperation of Schools of Medicine, Schools of Dentistry and Schools of Pharmacy. Generally speaking, medical law concerns the rights and duties of the medical profession. Ethics and legal questions of medical law. The progress of scientific research and of new technology used in diagnostics and treatment, opens new fields in terms of responsibility. Most European countries have legal institutions in the field of health care. These include laws and legal acts, as well as codification of professional norms. Law concerning physicians. Apart from the national law, there is also an international law concerning physisians. The World Health Organization and the World Association of Medical Doctors brought the following declarations: Declaration on Promotion of Patients' Rights, the Revised Lisbon Declaration on Patients' Rights, the Revised Helsinki Declaration on Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects and the Council of Europe's Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. Conclusion. There is no national order of physicians in Serbia and Montenegro, because chambers of physisians with legal authority and mandatory membership have not been formed. The foundation of Chambers of Physicians of Vojvodina and Montenegro is the first step to goal achieving. .
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Galiakbarova, G. G. „Comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Kazakhstan and some OECD countries on the labor peculiarities of medical and pharmaceutical workers“. BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series 136, Nr. 3 (2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2021-136-3-52-59.
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The article discusses some issues of labor regulation of medical and pharmaceutical workers, the peculiarities of health systems in some countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, a comparative analysis of their experience and Kazakhstan is carried out. The specificity of the legal status of medical and pharmaceutical workers is also considered, which is explained by the fact that its regulation is based not only on general norms of labor law, but also on special regulations affecting various features of the activities of this category of workers. At the same time, it is noted that the basis of the legislative regulation of the work of medical and pharmaceutical workers is the generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as the norms of national legislation. The article focuses on the fact that among the variety of sources concerning the legal status of various categories of workers, there is no separate comprehensive study devoted to the peculiarities of legal regulation of both medical and pharmaceutical workers, in connection with which the chosen topic of scientific research is updated.
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Kesselheim, Aaron S. „Think Globally, Prescribe Locally: How Rational Pharmaceutical Policy in the U.S. Can Improve Global Access to Essential Medicines“. American Journal of Law & Medicine 34, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2008): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880803400203.
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Improving access to essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has become a critical health policy issue. Millions more people die each year in poorer countries from diseases that are treated by pharmaceutical agents currently available in higher income nations. Recent medical innovation has tended to focus on problems affecting populations in developed countries and avoid those found exclusively or predominantly in LMICs. The etiology of these disparities is multifactorial, and can include high costs of products, inadequate cooperation between governments and aid agencies, rigid protection of intellectual property rights, and poor local health leadership regarding dissemination of products.Over the past two decades, there have been growing efforts to reduce global disparities in availability of essential medicines. At the forefront of these efforts have been international agencies such as the World Health Organization, or groups like Médicins Sans Frontières and Partners in Health, which have helped set international health priorities and sought to improve local health care delivery systems.
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Dufynets, V. A., und T. S. Hruzeva. „Optimized modern regional system of provision of ophthalmic care to the population in the conditions of multiform health system“. One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 50, Nr. 1 (07.05.2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2019-50-1-40-49.
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Introduction. In today's conditions of the epidemic of non-infectious diseases, the significant increase in the incidence of diseases of the eye and its adnexa, disability due to eye diseases, including blindness, providing the population with affordable and quality medical care is a priority of any country. This requires the introduction of modern organizational models for providing ophthalmic care in terms of multiform health system. The Aim of the Study. the rationale for a modern regional system of provision of ophthalmic care to the population in conditions of multiform health system. Material and Methods. In the course of the study bibliographic, epidemiological, medical-statistical, sociological methods were used. Results. The study identified shortcomings in the organization and provision of ophthalmic services to the population of the region, lack of resources to ensure the real needs of the population in ophthalmic care, low level of cooperation between communal and private health care institutions. A high need for ophthalmic services was identified in view of the increase in incidence (by 41.7 %) and prevalence (47.1 %) of eye diseases among the population of the region during 2000–2015 and overload in the work of the ophthalmic service, as evidenced by the significant occupancy of profile beds throughout the year (360.7 days), short treatment terms (6.8 days) and high rates of bed turnover (53.1), with lower than the average in the country of provision population by specialists of the ophthalmologic profile (by 19.6 %). This, along with other factors, negatively affected the availability and quality of medical services, which is confirmed by the results of a sociological survey. In contrast, from 69.7 to 92.2 per 100 respondents highly estimated the quality of service in private institutions, with their full availability for 54.3 per 100 respondents. Based on the results of the research and taking into account the strategic directions of the development of the domestic health care system, recommendations of international organizations, the author justified the modern regional system of providing ophthalmic care to the population in the conditions of multiform health care and its administrative, normative-legal, information-analytical, educational-methodological, research, communicative functions. Conclusions. The modern regional system of provision of ophthalmic care to the population in the conditions of multiform health system will increase the accessibility and quality of ophthalmic services to the population of the region, optimize the formation and distribution of resources for health care, create a competitive environment, increase the level of cooperation between health care institutions of various forms of ownership with positions of the patient-oriented approach, to introduce modern medical-organizational and medical-preventive technologies into the work of medical institutions.
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Singleton, Sara, und Anne Holohan. „The Case for ‘Trust Awareness’ as a Key Soft-Skill for Peacekeepers“. Journal of International Peacekeeping 21, Nr. 3-4 (28.04.2017): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02103003.
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This article uses the case study of the unifil mission in South Lebanon to explore the role of trust in facilitating or obstructing inter-organizational cooperation and local ownership in a traditional UN peacekeeping mission. Peacekeeping is distinct from many other forms of military engagement in the level of cooperation it requires, not only between different national military contingents, but between militaries and international police and civilian staff, personnel from local institutions and municipalities, and local communities. This article argues that the inter-organizational cooperation necessary for effective interoperability will not happen unless there is trust between the militaries working together. Equally, local ownership is not possible unless local populations trust peacekeepers to be impartial. However, this soft skill – awareness of the role of trust and how to engender it – is not included in pre-deployment training for military personnel. We outline the soft skill of ‘trust awareness’, including a typology of trust relevant for peacekeeping, and ‘trust mechanics’- practical actions and behaviors that foster trust.
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Balas, Alexandru. „It Takes Two (or More) to Keep the Peace: Multiple Simultaneous Peace Operations“. Journal of International Peacekeeping 15, Nr. 3-4 (25.03.2011): 384–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541111x572737.
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This study introduces the concept of multiple simultaneous peace operations (MSPOs). Two or more peace operations deployed at the same time in the same conflicts are MSPOs. There are numerous conflicts in which a United Nations peace operation works side by side with the peace operations of regional international organizations. The majority (60%) of all peace operations from 1978-2009 are MSPOs. Multiple simultaneous peace operations are also the 21st century’s trend for deployments. This study provides a description of a new dataset on multiple simultaneous peace operations and argues for analyzing peace operations through the lenses of MSPOs. Th is concept is useful for understanding inter-organizational cooperation in peace operations and the eff ectiveness of peace operations. It could also be used to apply an innovative collective principals - multiple agents model to the study of international security organizations. A major contribution of this study is that it provides empirical evidence that African conflicts are initially left to inexperienced regional organizations, while European conflicts receive the best expertise immediately. Using the dataset I also identify the most common type of multiple simultaneous peace operations. Parallel deployments are the dominant type, followed by sequential, and by hybrid operations.