Dissertationen zum Thema „Mechanical et Tribological properties“
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1
Gui, Yunfang. „Mise au point par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive et caractérisations mécaniques et tribologiques de revêtements de phases Magnéli de titane (TinO2n-1)“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0235/document.
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Cette étude porte sur l’élaboration et la caractérisation des propriétés de revêtements de phases Magnéli de titane (TinO2n-1) en vue de leur application tribologique. Les dépôts ont été élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive à partir de cible métallique de titane dans une atmosphère O2/Ar sur un porte substrat rotatif chauffant.La première partie de l’étude appuie sur la synthèse de monocouches de phases Magnéli de titane. L’influence des principaux paramètres d’élaboration (débit d’oxygène, température du porte substrat) a été analysé au regard de la structure et de la morphologie des revêtements synthétisés. Ensuite, des bicouches TinO2n-1/AlTiN ont été synthétisées par la technique de pulvérisation cathodique magnétron et de l’arc électrique sous basse pression, respectivement. Cependant, la phase et l’épaisseur de la couche de surface d’oxyde de titane ainsi que l’épaisseur de la sous-couche AlTiN ont été choisies comme les paramètres à étudier.La deuxième partie concerne les propriétés mécaniques (nano dureté instrumenté, module d’élasticité, test Mercedes et scratch test) et tribologiques (test pion disque) des revêtements monocouches et bicouches. Une attention particulière a été portée à l’influence de la température du test de frottement sur le taux d’usure des revêtements duplexThe present work deals with the synthesis and the structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of titanium Magnéli phases (TinO2n-1) coatings for tribological application. The thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering from titanium target in a reactive O2/Ar gas mixture using a rotating and heating substrate holder.The first part of the study is based on the synthesis of titanium Magneli phase monolayers. The influence of the main synthesis parameters (oxygen flow rate, temperature of the substrate holder) was analyzed in relation with the structure and the morphology of the synthesized coatings. Then TinO2n-1/AlTiN bilayers were synthesized by the reactive magnetron sputtering and the low pressure electric arc techniques, respectively. The phase and the thickness of the top layer of titanium oxide and the thickness of the under layer AlTiN were selected as the parameters to be studied.The second part concerns the mechanical properties (nano hardness instrumented, elasticity modulus, Mercedes test and scratch test) and tribological properties (pin on disc test) of the monolayer and bilayer coatings. Particular attention was paid to the influence of the friction test temperature on the bilayer coatings wear rates
2
Tonicello, Emmanuel. „Etude et modélisation de la fatigue de contact en présence d’indentation dans le cas de roulements tout acier et hybrides“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0047/document.
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Le 32CrMoV13 nitruré est un matériau à gradient de propriétés utilisé pour la réalisation de bagues de roulements aéronautiques. Il présente l’avantage d’être dur en surface et ductile à cœur, facilitant ainsi la lutte contre les effets de la pollution des contacts par les lubrifiants. De plus, afin d’améliorer les performances des roulements, la tendance est à l’utilisation de céramique (nitrure de silicium Si3N4) pour les éléments roulants à la place de l’acier (M50). Ainsi, le travail de thèse proposé ici est l’étude du comportement en fatigue de contact en présence d’indentations pour deux couples de matériaux (32CrMoV13 nitruré / M50 et 32CrMoV13 nitruré / Si3N4). Ce comportement est principalement orienté en terme de durée de vie du contact indenté par l’intermédiaire d’un critère d’amorçage de fissures. Une étude des propriétés mécaniques du 32CrMoV13 nitruré, nécessaires à l’application du critère, a été réalisée. La loi d’écrouissage et l’ouverture micro-plastique cyclique de la couche nitrurée du 32CrMoV13 nitruré ont été identifiées. Puis, par l’intermédiaire de défauts géométrique de type trous cylindriques, les propriétés d’amorçage de fissures ont été étudiées lors d’essais de compression uniaxiale. Le comportement en fatigue de contact en présence d’indentations a été étudié sur machine bi-disques. Ces essais ont permis de caractériser la différence de comportement du 32CrMoV13 nitruré, et indenté, dans un contact acier / acier et acier / céramique. L’effet du glissement a notamment été mis en évidence. Ces études expérimentales ont été couplées avec des simulations numériques afin d’étalonner le modèle physique d’amorçage de fissures et d’en valider sa bonne représentativité. En conclusion un modèle de prédiction de durée de vie en fatigue de roulement a été proposé. Il est particulièrement adapté aux cas où des contraintes résiduelles sont présentes, par exemple suite à l’indentation des surfaces. Le modèle s’appuie sur la caractérisation mécanique des couches traitées thermo-chimiquement de l’acier 32CrMoV13 nitruréThe nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel is a gradient properties material used for the production of aeronautical bearing rings. The principal advantages are its surface hardness and core ductility, useful against debris denting. Moreover, to improve rolling bearing performances, ceramic balls (silicon nitride Si3N4) instead of steel (M50). The present study aims to investigate the contact fatigue performance in presence of indentation for two pairs of materials (nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel / M50 and nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel / Si3N4). This performance is mainly oriented in terms of lifetime of the indented contact by a crack initiation criterion. A study of the mechanicals properties of the nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel, required for the application of the criterion, is then performed. It allows to characterize the hardening law and the cyclic micro-plastic behavior of the nitrided layer of the nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel. Crack initiation properties of the nitrided surface layer have been evaluated by compression tests on thin hollow cylindrical specimens with small cylindrical holes. The contact fatigue behavior in presence of indentations was studied on a high-speed twin-disks machine. These tests allowed to characterize the difference in behavior of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel (indented) in a steel-to-steel contact or steel-to-ceramic contact. The major effect of sliding has been highlighted. All these experimental studies were coupled with numerical simulations to calibrate the physical model of crack initiation and to show its capabilities. In conclusion a new model of rolling contact fatigue life has been proposed. It is specifically adapted to operation in presence of residual stresses such as resulting from debris denting. The model uses mechanical properties that have been identified for thermo-chemically treated layers of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel
3
Papy, Kévin. „Compréhension et maîtrise de la mise en oeuvre des cermets par procédé de fusion laser sur lit de poudre pour la réalisation de pièces anti-usure“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDL0025.
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Technogenia® est une entreprise française, créée en 1979 et est spécialisée dans les revêtements soudés anti-usure en carbure de tungstène (WC). Dans le cadre de la thèse, Technogenia® souhaite évaluer la pertinence de réaliser des pièces anti-usure à base de carbure de tungstène par technologie de fabrication additive. L’objectif premier de l’entreprise est d’utiliser la technologie de fusion laser sur lit de poudre (L-PBF), afin de produire des pièces à base de carbure de tungstène se rapprochant des caractéristiques mécaniques des pièces en WC monobloc qui sont réalisées par procédé conventionnel. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la faisabilité de réalisation des pièces à base de carbure de tungstène et de caractériser les microstructures et les propriétés mécaniques et d’usure des pièces réalisées par fabrication additive. Les propriétés des matériaux obtenus par procédé L-PBF seront comparées aux propriétés connues de pièces conçues par procédé conventionnel. Dans un premier temps, deux poudres à base de carbure de tungstène avec des liants métalliques (carbures cémentés) sont sélectionnées afin de réaliser une optimisation paramétrique pour le procédé L-PBF. Cette étape est réalisée en analysant l’influence des principaux paramètres du procédé (puissance laser, vitesse de balayage, stratégie de balayage, écart vecteur, épaisseur de couche, …) sur les matériaux. Un plan d’expérience est défini en plusieurs étapes, comme la réalisation de cordons, de surfaces et de cubes dans le but de déterminer les principaux paramètres. Deux types de post-traitement thermique sont réalisés afin d’étudier l’influence sur les matériaux et d’éliminer certains défauts structurels. Les différences microstructurales entre les deux liants sont analysées et étudiées. De nombreux phénomènes dû au procédé laser sont observés et commentés lors de l’analyse des échantillons. Dans un deuxième temps, une étape de caractérisation mécanique et tribologique est réalisée sur les échantillons fabriqués avec succès. Différents tests mécaniques (dureté, ténacité, résilience) sont réalisés en vue de caractériser et de comparer les matériaux obtenus par L-PBF avec un matériau de référence réalisé par procédé conventionnel. Pour terminer, la résistance à l’usure des matériaux obtenus est étudiée et comparée lors de deux différents tests tribologiquesTechnogenia® is a French company, founded in 1979, specialized in hardfacing solutions based on tungsten carbide welding overlays. As part of the thesis, Technogenia® wishes to assess the suitability of using Additive Manufacturing technology to produce wear-resistant parts based on tungsten carbide. The company's primary objective is to use laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology to produce tungsten carbide-based parts that approach the mechanical characteristics of tungsten carbide-based parts made by conventional processes. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of producing tungsten carbide-based parts, and to characterize the microstructures and mechanical and wear properties of parts produced by Additive Manufacturing. The properties of materials obtained using the L-PBF process will be compared with the known properties of parts produced by conventional processes. Firstly, two tungsten carbide-based powders with metal binders (cemented carbides) are selected for parametric optimization in the L-PBF process. This step is carried out by analyzing the influence of the main process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, scanning strategy, vector deviation, layer thickness, etc.) on the materials. An experimental design is defined in several steps, such as the production of beads, surfaces and cubes, in order to determine the main parameters. Two types of thermal post-treatment are carried out to study the influence on the materials and to eliminate certain structural defects. Microstructural differences between the two binders are analyzed and studied. Numerous phenomena due to the laser process are observed and commented on during sample analysis. Secondly, the samples successfully manufactured are subjected to mechanical and tribological characterization. Various mechanical tests (hardness, toughness, impact strength) are carried out to characterize and compare L-PBF materials with a reference material produced by conventional methods
4
Ahmed, Omer. „Tribological and Mechanical properties of Multilayered Coatings“. University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501763970144729.
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Sow, Mourtada Aly. „Alliages à Haute Entropie (AHE) pour revêtements hautes performances“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR026.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer des revêtements haute performance à partir de poudres d’alliage à haute entropie (AHE) et de les caractériser. Ce travail est divisé en deux parties. La première consiste à élaborer des poudres AHE de la famille Al, Cr, Fe, Mn et Mo alliées par mécanosynthèse.Ces poudres ont été caractérisées par DRX, MEB et Mössbauer. Elles cristallisent dans deux structures cubiques centrées (CC1 et CC2). Les traitements thermiques des poudres (500, 650, 800 et 950 °C) ont révélé une bonne stabilité structurale jusqu’à 650 °C / 1h. À 800 °C /1h et 950 °C pendant 1h et 4h, une évolution structurale des poudres a été observée. La phase CC1 disparaît au profit de la phase CC2 et de carbures de types M23C6 et M6C. À l’issue de ces caractérisations, la poudre de composition chimique 19Al-22Cr-34Fe-19Mn-6Mo a été retenue et produite en quantité suffisante par mécanosynthèse (poudre A) et par mélange (poudre B).Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, des revêtements AHE épais et minces ont été élaborés respectivement par fusion laser et par pulvérisation magnétron à partir des poudres A et B. Les revêtements épais ont été déposés sur des substrats en acier. La structure et la microstructure des dépôts ont été minutieusement caractérisées par DRX, MEB, EDS, EBSD et MET. Les résultats de ces caractérisations ont révélé que les dépôts épais sont chimiquement hétérogènes. De plus, ces revêtements ont mis en évidence des structures et des microstructures de solidification différentes selon les conditions de dépôts et les poudres (A ou B) utilisées pour réaliser ces revêtements.Les revêtements AHE minces ont été déposés sur wafer de silicium et sur substrats en acier. Les conditions de dépôts des films minces ont été optimisées et la composition chimique a été contrôlée. Les traitements thermiques des films minces ont révélé une bonne stabilité structurale et microstructurale jusqu’à 800 °C/ 72h. La résistance à la corrosion, les propriétés mécaniques et les performances tribologiques ont été évaluéesThis thesis aims to develop high performance coatings from high entropy alloys powders (HEA) and to characterize them. This work is divided in two parts. The first part consists in the synthesis of HEA powders for a family of alloy elements Al, Cr, Fe, Mn and Mo by mechanical alloying.These powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and Mössbauer spectrometry. These powders have a CC1 and CC2 type crystal structure. The heat treatment of the powders (500, 650, 800 and 950 °C) allowed to obtain a structural stability at 650 °C/ 1h, at 800 °C/ 1h and 950°C/ 1h and 4h, a structural evolution of the powders was noticed. The CC1 phase disappears in favor of the CC2 phase and the M23C6 et M6C type carbides. At the result of these characterizations, the chemical composition 19Al-22Cr-34Fe-19Mn-6Mo powder was preserved and produced in suffering quantities by mechanical synthesis (powder A) and by mixing (powder B).In the second part of this work, thick and thin HEA coatings were developed by laser fusion and magnetron sputtering respectively from A and B powders. The thick laser-melted coatings were deposited on steel substrate. The structure and microstructure of the deposits were carefully characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, EBSD and TEM. The results of these characterizations revealed that the thick deposits are chemically heterogeneous. Moreover, these coatings showed different structures and microstructures of solidification depending on the deposition conditions and the powders (A or B) pre-deposited to realize these coatings.The HEA thin film were deposited on silicon wafer and steel substrate. The deposition conditions of the thin films were optimized and the chemical composition was controlled. The heat treatments of the thin films revealed good structural and microstructural stability up to 800 °C/ 72h. Corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and tribological performances were evaluated
6
Hoskins, Thomas James. „The mechanical and tribological properties of PEEK gears“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6047/.
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This research compares the dynamic performance of injection moulded and laser sintered poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), outlining the potential of laser sintering as a manufacturing method for high performance polymer gears. It was observed that the mechanical properties of laser sintered PEEK was a significant improvement over previous laser-sintered materials, and comparable with high performance injection-moulded materials. In addition, the coefficient of friction and wear rates were significantly below that of injection moulded PEEK. However, for direct application of the laser sintered material EOS PEEK HP3 to power transmission gears, the predominant form of failure was bending fatigue, limiting the material to low power transmission levels. Observation of the fracture surface highlighted limited amounts of plasticity, although regions of intergranular failure and fast fracture could be identified from the failed surface. In addition, the failure stress path, in the region of progressive intergranuar failure, was governed by the partially sintered particle boundaries in the material; showing a similar failure response to flexure testing. In conclusion, despite the limited amount of plasticity shown in the material failure, the tribological properties of laser sintered PEEK mean that their application to power transmission is still desirable.
7
Bull, Stephen John. „The mechanical and tribological properties of ion implanted ceramics“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244798.
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The mechanical properties of ion implanted ceramics are primarily a function of the radiation damage produced by the implantation process. For crystalline ceramics this damage is chiefly nuclear displacements, though for glasses electronic effects have also been observed. In this study a number of single crystal and polycrystalline ceramics and a soda-lime-silica glass have been implanted with a range of ions in the energy range 90keV to 400keV and the changes in mechanical properties produced have been followed using hardness, indentation fracture and scratch testing. The damage structures which remain after implantation will control both the indentation hardness and surface fracture properties of cetamics. Changing the temperature of the substrate during implantation (in the range. 150K to 760K) has been found to alter this damage state and hence produce changes in the measured mechanical properties. In this temperature range, the effects of damage annealing at low doses were found to be minor for sapphire although for MgO damage annealing was found to result in a eduction of the radiation-induced hardening above 473K. The surface softening and stress relief accompanying amorphisation at higher doses was found to be strongly temperature dependent. Thus, the recrystallisation of amorphous material is important in determining the final mechanical properties of the implanted specimens. The tribological properties of the implanted ceramics were investigated using single pass scratch tests. Friction coefficients were found to increase with dose up to the onset of amorphisation, even when visible scratch tracks were produced. This increse is due to changes in adhesion between the slider and the flat induced by ion implantation. The reasons for these changes are as of yet unclear, though a possible explanation could be the removal of surface adsorbates which has been observed for MgO. Similar mechanical and tribological property changes observed for the polycrystalline ceramics as for the single crystal systems, but some extra effects were observed.
8
Izadi, Sina. „Al/Ti Nanostructured Multilayers: from Mechanical, Tribological, to Corrosion Properties“. Scholar Commons, 2016. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6265.
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Nanostructured metallic multilayers (NMMs) are well-known for their high strength in smaller bilayer thicknesses. Six Al/Ti (NMM) with different individual layer thickness were tested for their mechanical hardness using a nanoindentation tool. Individual layer thicknesses were chosen carefully to cover the whole confined layer slip (CLS) model. Nano-hardness had a reverse relation with the square root of individual layer thickness and reached a steady state at ~ 5 nm bilayer thickness. Decreasing the layer bilayer thickness from ~ 104 nm to ~ 5 nm, improved the mechanical hardness up to ~ 101%. Residual stresses were measured using grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Effect of residual stress on atomic structure and dislocation propagation was then investigated by comparing the amount and type of stresses in both aluminum and titanium phases. Based on the gathered data from GIXRD scans tensile stress in Ti phases, and compressive stress in Al would increase the overall coherency of structure.
Wear rate in coatings is highly dependent on design and architect of the structure. NMM coatings are known to have much better wear resistance compare to their monolithic constituent phases by introducing a reciprocal architect. In current study wear rate of two Al/Ti NMMs with individual layer thicknesses of ~ 2.5 nm and ~ 30 nm were examined under normal loads of 30 µN, 60 µN, and 93 µN. Wears strokes were performed in various cycles of 1, 2, 3, 4 5 and 10. Wear rates were then calculated by comparing the 3D imaging of sample topology before and after tests. Nano-hardness of samples was measured pre and post each cycle of wear using a nanoindentation tool. The microstructure of samples below the worn surface was then characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), focus ion beam (FIB) and an optical profilometer. Orientation mapping was performed to analyze the microstructure of layers beneath the nano indents. TEM imaging from the cross section of worn samples indicated severely plastically deformed layer (SPDL) below the worn surface. Shear bands and twins are visible after wear and below the worn surface. Decreasing the layer thickness from 30 nm to 2.5 nm resulted in ~ 5 time’s better wear resistance. Nanowear caused surface hardening which consequently increased nano hardness up to ~ 30% in the sample with 2.5 nm individual layer thickness.
Increasing the interfaces density of NMMs will significantly improve the corrosion resistance of coating. Reciprocal layers and consequently interfaces will block the path of aggressive content toward the substrate. Corrosion rate evolution of Al/Ti multilayers was investigated through DC corrosion potentiodynamic test. Results seem to be very promising and demonstrate up to 30 times better corrosion resistance compared to conventional sputtered monolithic aluminum. Corrosion started in the form of pitting and then transformed to the localized galvanic corrosion. Decreasing the bilayer thickness from ~ 10.4 nm to ~ 5 nm will decrease the corrosion current density (icorr) of ~ 5.42 × 10-7 (A/cm2) to ~ 6.11 × 10-10 (A/cm2). No sign of corrosion has been seen in the sample with ~ 2.5 nm individual layer thickness. Further AFM and TEM analysis from surface and cross section of NMMs indicate that a more coherent layer by layer structure improves the corrosion rate. Interfaces have a significant role in blocking the pores and imperfections inside coating.
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Luo, Huan. „Study of the plasma phenomenon in HiPIMS discharge. : Application to the reactive deposition of tantalum and hafnium carbide nanocomposite coatings and characterization of their physicochemical, structural, mechanical and oxidation resistance propertie“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA010.
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La technologie de pulvérisation magnétron par impulsions de haute puissance (HiPIMS) a été développée et est considérée comme une méthode efficace pour la préparation des films. La technologie HiPIMS permet une bien plus grande flexibilité pour ajuster la structure et les performances du film, conduisant à des films avec des propriétés uniques qui sont souvent irréalisables dans les autres approches PVD. Cependant, le mécanisme sous-jacent du plasma pour soutenir la croissance du film impliqué est actuellement flou. De plus, la technologie HiPIMS est limitée au laboratoire, de nombreux films aux propriétés souhaitables n'ont pas été explorés dans le cadre de la pulvérisation HiPIMS. Dans ce travail, (i) le l’origine de la structure cohérente du plasma haute densité (les « spokes ») dans la décharge HiPIMS et (ii) comment la structure et les propriétés des films de TaC/a-C:H et HfC/a-C:H sont gérées par HiPIMS ont été étudiés. Dans l'étude du mécanisme de formation des « spokes », basée sur la relation de dispersion du plasma HiPIMS et l'évolution du couplage entre deux ondes azimutales, un modèle d'onde induit par couplage a été proposé. Dans l'étude des films TaC/a-C:H et HfC/a-C:H, les états des liaisons chimiques, la structure, la morphologie, les propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques, la stabilité thermique ainsi que la résistance à l'oxydation des films ont été étudiés. En comparaison avec ces films déposés par pulvérisation magnétron DC, il est démontré que la technologie HiPIMS permet une stratégie potentielle pour préparer des films TaC/a-C:H et HfC/a-C:H plus performants en termes de dureté, de coefficient de frottement et de résistance à l'usure, de résistance à l'oxydation et de stabilité thermique en modulant l'état de liaison chimique et la structure nanocomposite des films à travers un plasma réactifHigh Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering technology (HiPIMS) has been developed and considered as an effective method for film preparation. HiPIMS technology allows for much greater flexibility for manipulating film structure and performance, leading to films with unique properties that are often unachievable in the other PVD approaches. However, the underlying plasma mechanism for supporting film growth is currently blurred. Moreover, HiPIMS technology is still stationed in the laboratory, many films with desirable properties have not been explored under HiPIMS framework. In this work, (i) the driven mechanism of high density plasma coherent structure (i.e., spokes) in the HiPIMS discharge and (ii) how the structure and properties of the TaC/a-C:H and HfC/a-C:H films are regulated by HiPIMS were investigated. For the driven mechanism of spokes, based on the dispersion relationship of HiPIMS plasma and the evolution of the coupling between two azimuthal waves, the coupling-induced wave model was proposed. For the TaC/a-C:H and HfC/a-C:H films, the chemical bond states, structure, morphology, mechanical and tribological properties, thermal stability as well as oxidation resistance of the films were investigated. By comparison with DC deposited films, it is demonstrated that HiPIMS technology provides a potential strategy for preparing higher performance TaC/a-C:H and HfC/a-C:H films in terms of hardness, friction coefficient and wear resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability by modulating the chemical bonding state and nanocomposite structure of the films through HiPIMS reactive plasma
10
Wang, Shuo, und 王硕. „Tribological behaviour of anodised alumina nanohoneycombs“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49618131.
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Anodic alumina nanohoneycombs (AAO) have been widely used because of its convenient fabrication and controllable pores’ geometry. A lot of investigations have been conducted to study its physical and chemical properties. However, the mechanical properties, especially tribological properties, of such a popular nanomaterial still remain almost unknown.
In this project, a series of scratch experiments were conducted on AAO films fabricated by a two-step anodisation method. The testing system is a G200 Nanoindenter provided by Agilent Corporation. A standard diamond Berkovich tip is used as the scratch tip. A scanning electron microscope was used to image the microstructure of the material deformation after scratching. Strengths of AAO domains with different pore regularities were compared by performing the scratch tests at constant normal loads crossing the boundaries separating these domains. Ramping load tests were carried out to show the effects of the normal load on the deformation and friction of the AAO. Scratch cycles and velocities were also varied to see their influence on friction and wear.
The results show that the more ordered AAO structure has higher strength than disordered counterparts under scratch testing. The friction coefficient reduces rapidly on increasing normal load, and an explanation of this unusual behaviour is offered by considering the row-by-row deformation of the AAO structure. In multicycle scratch tests, the friction reaches a maximum at the fourth cycle. A step-like deformation behaviour was observed when the scratch velocity became extremely large, and this is probably due to the dynamic response of the instrument.published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
11
Burgess, Ian C. „Tribological and mechanical properties of compliant bearings for total joint replacements“. Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4720/.
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The tribology of a wide range of designs of compliant layer acetabular cups has been evaluated using a simulator. The simulator applied a dynamic load of 2 kN and a sinusoidal motion of ±25 , and measured the frictional resistance directly. In general the friction developed in these joints was extremely low, with friction factors typically below 0.01. When the experimental results were compared with theoretical estimates of friction a poor correlation was found. Further analysis suggested that the design of compliant layer acetabular cups was insensitive to many of the parameters suggested by theory. In particular, the radial clearance and femoral head size were not found to be critical. In addition, methods were proposed and their effectiveness demonstrated to measure friction at the on-set of motion (start-up friction), and the steady state friction in realistic compliant layer knees. The adhesion between compliant layers and a rigid backing have been investigated, with the aim of developing a good bond between them. The peel test was used to demonstrate an excellent diffusion bond between a low modulus medical grade polyurethane, and a similar high modulus grade of polyurethane. The processing conditions used to manufacture the test piece were optimised to maximise the bond strength. The bond was found to be stable after immersion in Ringers solution at 37 C for 52 weeks, and after acetabular cups were subjected to 14 million 4 kN loading cycles. A six station knee wear simulator was designed and commissioned. The simulator applied a dynamic load and an anterior-posterior translation individually to each station, as well as a flexion-extension motion common to all six stations. The simulator was computer controlled entirely using servo hydraulics. Wear rates were obtained from tests lasting up to 8 million cycles conducted on UHMWPE joints.
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Efeoglu, Ihsan. „The mechanical and tribological properties of ceramic sputter ion-plated coatings“. Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334034.
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Xu, Songbo. „Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced High Density Polyethylene“. Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27288.
Annotation:
High density polyethylene (HDPE) is widely used as a bearing material in industrial application because of its low friction and high wear resistance. Reinforcing polymers with the appropriate nanofillers is an effective way to obtain a variety of enhanced material properties. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with silane coatings (two thicknesses: 2.8 nm and 46 nm) were added into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to improve the tribological properties of the nanocomposite material. The goal of the present study is to investigate how the mechanical, thermal, and wear behavior of HDPE can be altered by the addition of either pristine or silane treated CNFs at different loading levels (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 3 wt.%) and to model the wear of the HDPE/CNF nanocomposites under both dry and lubricated conditions. In this study, the wear and friction tests are performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry, bovine serum, and phosphate buffered saline lubricated conditions. The thermal, mechanical, properties, and biocompatibility of HDPE/CNF nanocomposites are characterized and compared with those of the neat HDPE. The correlations of the wear and factors such as work of fracture, thermal conductivity, and friction force are explored. An energy-based wear model is proposed for the dry sliding condition in which a thermal analysis is derived to trace the friction energy loss in the wear process. A wear model for the lubricated condition is developed with incorporation of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and Reye's wear model to predict the long term wear.
14
Hagg, Lobland Haley E. „Definition of Brittleness: Connections Between Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polymers“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9097/.
Annotation:
The increasing use of polymer-based materials (PBMs) across all types of industry has not been matched by sufficient improvements in understanding of polymer tribology: friction, wear, and lubrication. Further, viscoelasticity of PBMs complicates characterization of their behavior. Using data from micro-scratch testing, it was determined that viscoelastic recovery (healing) in sliding wear is independent of the indenter force within a defined range of load values. Strain hardening in sliding wear was observed for all materials-including polymers and composites with a wide variety of chemical structures-with the exception of polystyrene (PS). The healing in sliding wear was connected to free volume in polymers by using pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) results and the Hartmann equation of state. A linear relationship was found for all polymers studied with again the exception of PS. The exceptional behavior of PS has been attributed qualitatively to brittleness. In pursuit of a precise description of such, a quantitative definition of brittleness has been defined in terms of the elongation at break and storage modulus-a combination of parameters derived from both static and dynamic mechanical testing. Furthermore, a relationship between sliding wear recovery and brittleness for all PBMs including PS is demonstrated. The definition of brittleness may be used as a design criterion in selecting PBMs for specific applications, while the connection to free volume improves also predictability of wear behavior.
15
Hagg, Lobland Haley E. Brostow Witold. „Definition of brittleness connections between mechanical and tribological properties of polymers /“. [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9097.
16
Swisher, Mathew M. „A molecular dynamics study of the tribological properties of diamond like carbon“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129046.
Annotation:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-111).
Diamond like carbon (DLC) is an attractive choice as a coating for mechanical components, because of its excellent wear resistance and very low coefficient of friction . We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a reactive force field (ReaxFF) to study the friction and wear between DLC counterfaces, both in comparison to and in contact with steel counterfaces. We show that the tribological properties of DLC in dry sliding friction are heavily dependent on both the structure of the DLC as well as the passivation layer that forms on the sliding counterfaces under different environmental conditions, and that when optimizing for the lowest COF the best structure for the DLC depends on the type of passivation layer. We also find that, by preventing bonding across the counterfaces as the thin film of lubricant is squeezed out at the point of contact, the passivation layer is instrumental in the material's ability to resist scuffing and wear. Additionally, we find that the strength and hardness of DLC makes damaging the passivation layer due to contact forces unlikely under real world conditions. Finally, we use MD simulations to study in more detail the transition from lubricated to dry friction, and in particular, the role of DLC surface chemistry and the resulting passivation layer in this transition. Our work shows that the frictional force can be described quite accurately across the transition from pure slip ( dry friction) to the purely hydrodynamic regime using a simple model which superposes the two effects, provided it also accounts for any immobile fluid layers at the fluid-solid interface. We show that, for water lubrication, the transition from the pure slip to the purely hydrodynamic regime occurs at smaller lengthscales in DLC counterfaces compared with steel.
by Matthew M. Swisher.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
17
Akkaya, S. S., V. V. Vasyliev, K. Kazmanl, A. A. Luchaninov, E. N. Reshetnyak, N. Solak, V. E. Strel’nitskij und M. Ürgen. „Mechanical and Tribological Properties of TiN Coatings Produced by PIII&D Technique“. Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35187.
Annotation:
The structure, mechanical and tribological properties TiN coatings рroduced with PIII&D by using
rectilinear filtered vacuum arc plasma system are present. The results of scratch testing and wear
reciprocating testing clearly revealed the positive effect of pulse bias (0.5÷2.5 kV) application on
tribological behavior of the TiN coatings in comparison the coatings deposited with DC bias (150 V).
Application of pulsed bias potential leads to a significant reduction in the friction coefficient and increasing
of coatings wear resistance due to a change in their structure. The orientation of crystal planes parallel to
the surface changes from (111) to (220) with the application of pulse bias, which is accompanied by a
transition from fibrous grains structure to denser columnar grains.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35187
18
Weick, Brian L. „Effects of fiber type on the tribological behavior of polyamide composites“. Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192006-115602/.
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Roy, Amit. „Tribological Performance of Polymer Based Self-lubricating Coatings“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Maskinelement, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75576.
Annotation:
The thesis comprises the two parts in each chapter: the first part focuses on the development and characterization of polyimide (PI) based composite coatings on a steel substrate. In order to improve the tribological performance of polyimide coatings, the fillers i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Graphene (GP) were added into PI and conducted friction test at elevated temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 200°C. Also, the influence of fillers (MWCNTs and GP) materials into PI coatings surface, mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide composites coatings are measured. The addition of MWCNTs and GP reduces the friction coefficient as well as wear volume at elevated temperatures 50°C, 100°C and sometimes at 150°C. These temperatures play a vital role to form a lubrication layer in the contact interfaces at certain load and operating conditions. In these cases, three weight percentage (3wt%) of MWCNTs and GP into polyimide composites showed low friction and high wear-resistant as compared to other PI composites. Besides, by adding these two fillers into pure PI improved the mechanical properties such as micro-hardness and nanoindentation. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the wear mechanism of the composite coatings worn surfaces. The consequences expose that the fatigue wear mechanisms were predominant in the worn surfaces. Moreover, the thermal study of the polyimide composite coatings was conducted using thermal gravimetric (TG) to analyze the behavior of composite coatings at high temperatures. The results showed that the PI coatings with MWCNTs and GP have high thermal stability at 60% sample residue. In the second part-an epoxy coatings with filler materials e.g. hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and expanded graphite (EG) were made and conducted their tribological i.e. friction coefficient and wear performance. Also the perfect mixing ratio 4:1 (80 wt% base epoxy matrix and 20 wt% curing agent) was determined on the basis of stoichiometric ratio to cure the epoxy accurately. Therefore, seven samples with a various weight percentage (wt%) were prepared i.e. pure epoxy, epoxy with 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% of h-BN and EG. All the prepared samples ran at two different loading 2 N and 4 N conditions with 5 Hz frequency, 300 rpm and 30 minutes duration. The epoxy with h-BN showed low friction as compared to EG where EG has better wear-resistant behavior than h-BN.
20
Stone, D’Arcy S. „Silver Tantalate: a High Temperature Tribological Investigation“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700025/.
Annotation:
As technology advances, mechanical and electrical systems are subjugated to intense temperature fluctuations through their service life. Designing coatings that operate in extreme temperatures is, therefore, a continuing challenge within the tribology community. Silver tantalate was chosen for investigation at the atomic level, the physical and chemical properties that influence the thermal, mechanical, and tribological behavior for moving assemblies in high temperature tribological applications. By correlating behavior of internal physical processes to the macro tribological behavior, the tribological community will potentially gain improved predicative performance of solid lubricants in future investigations. Three different approaches were explored for the creation of such materials on Inconel substrates: (1) powders produced using a solid state which were burnished on the surface; (2) monolithic silver tantalate thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering; and, (3) an adaptive tantalum nitride/silver nanocomposite sputter-deposited coating that forms a lubricious silver tantalate oxide on its surface when operated at elevated temperatures. Dry sliding wear tests of the coatings against Si3N4 counterfaces revealed friction coefficients in the 0.06 - 0.15 range at T ~ 750 °C. Reduced friction coefficients were found in nanocomposite materials that contained primarily a AgTaO3 phase with a small amount of segregated Ag phase, as suggested by structural characterization using X-ray diffraction. The presence of nanoparticles of segregated Ag in the thin films further enhanced the performance of these materials by increasing their toughness. Additional characterization of the AgTaO3 films at 750 °C under normal loads of 1, 2, 5, or 10 N revealed that the friction monotonically increased as the load was increased. These results were complemented by molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed the increase of friction with load. Further, the simulations support the hypothesis that this trend can be explained in terms of decreased presence of Ag clusters near the sliding surface and the associated decreased porosity. The results suggest that the relative amount of Ag in a TaN or Ta2O5 mastrix may be used to tune film performance for a given application.
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COSTA, MARCELO EDUARDO HUGUENIN MAIA DA. „STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND THERMAL STABILITY OF FLUORINATED AMORPHOUS CARBON FILMS DEPOSITED BY PECVD“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6376@1.
Annotation:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORNeste trabalho são apresentados os efeitos nas propriedades mecânicas, estruturais e tribológicas da incorporação de flúor em filmes de carbono amorfo hidrogenados depositados por Deposição na Fase Vapor Assistido por Plasma . A estabilidade térmica de filmes de carbono amorfo fluorados também foi estudada. Os filmes foram depositados a partir de uma mistura dos gases C2H2 e CF4 com uma tensão de autopolarização de - 350V. A mistura de gases da deposição foi variada de uma concentração de 0% até 90% de CF4. A estabilidade térmica foi verificada em filmes depositados com 50% de C2H2 e 50% de CF4 na atmosfera precursora. Os filmes foram submetidos a temperaturas variando de 200oC a 600oC por 30 minutos. As propriedades mecânicas, estruturais e tribológicas dos filmes foram estudados com o uso de técnicas nucleares (retroespalhamento de Rutherford e Detecção por recuo elástico), espectroscopia Raman, espectroscopia de fotoelétrons induzida por raios-X, perfilometria (tensão interna), nanoindentação (dureza), de microscopia de força atômica e de ângulo de contato. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a incorporação de flúor produzem filmes com as propriedades indo em direção às propriedades do Teflon. Os filmes ricos em flúor são menos densos, mais macios, mais hidrofóbicos e tem um menor coeficiente de atrito do que filmes de carbono amorfo hidrogenados. O tratamento térmico realizado mostrou que os filmes são estáveis a temperaturas de até 300oC. A partir desta temperatura os filmes sofreram perda de flúor e mudanças nas suas propriedades indicando a formação de uma estrutura mais grafítica.
This work presents the effects on the mechanical, structural and tribological properties of the incorporation of fluorine in amorphous carbon films deposited by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). The thermal stability of fluorinated amorphous carbon films was also studied. The films were deposited using mixtures of C2H2 and CF4 gases with a self-bias voltage of - 350V. The concentration of CF4 in the gases mixture was varied from 0% to 90%. The thermal stability was investigated in films deposited with 50% C2H2 and 50% CF4 as precursor atmosphere. These films were annealed in the temperatures range of 200oC to 600oC during 30 minutes for each sample. The mechanical, structural and tribological properties were studied using nuclear techniques (Rutherford Backscattering and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, profilometry (for internal stress) and nanoidentation (for hardness), atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. The results showed that fluorine incorporation produces films with properties resembling the Teflon's properties. The films rich in fluorine appear to have lower density, more hydrophobicity and lower friction coeficient than amorphous carbon films. They are also softer than them. The thermal annealing shows that films were thermally stable within temperatures up to 300oC. Above this temperature the films tend to loose fluorine and their properties change revealing a more graphitic structure.
22
Ghasemi, Rohollah. „The influence of microstructure on mechanical and tribological properties of lamellar and compacted irons in engine applications“. Doctoral thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Material och tillverkning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-32052.
Annotation:
Lamellar graphite iron (LGI) is commonly used in diesel engine applications such as piston rings–cylinder liner where an excellent combination of physical and tribological properties is essential to avoid scuffing and bore polishing issues. The excellent tribological behaviour of LGI alloys is related to the graphite lamellas, which act as solid lubricant agents by feeding onto the tribosurfaces under sliding conditions. However, increasingly tighter emissions and fuel economy legislations and the higher demands on enhanced power and durability have encouraged both engine designers and manufacturers to introduce pearlitic compacted graphite irons (CGI) as an alternative material replacing LGI, although the poor machinability of pearlitic CGI alloys compared to the LGI remains a challenge. The focus of this study is placed on investigating how the microstructure of LGI and CGI alloys affects their mechanical and tribological properties. This was initially undertaken by investigating representative, worn lamellar cast iron piston rings taken from a two-stroke large-bore heavy-duty diesel engine. As known that it is tribologically essential to keep the graphite open under sliding conditions, in particular under starved lubrication regimes or unlubricated conditions to avoid scuffing issues; however, this study revealed the closure of a majority of graphite lamellas; profoundly for those lamellas that were parallel to sliding direction; due to the severe matrix deformation caused by abrasion. Both microindentation and microscratch testing, which were used to crudely simulate the abrasion under starved lubricated condition in combustion chamber, suggested a novel mechanism of activating the graphite lamellas to serve as lubricating agents in which the matrix deformation adjacent to the graphite initially resulted in fracturing and then extrusion of the graphite lamellas. Additionally, in order to investigate the relation between matrix constituents, mechanical properties and machinability of cast iron materials, solution-strengthened CGI alloys were produced with different levels of silicon and section thicknesses. The results showed significant improvements in mechanical properties and machinability while deteriorating the ductility. Moreover, multiple regression analysis, based on chemical composition and microstructural characteristics was used to model the local mechanical properties of high Si ferritic CGI alloys, followed by implementing the derived models into a casting process simulation which enables the local mechanical properties of castings with complex geometries. Very good agreement was observed between the measured and predicted microstructure and mechanical properties.
23
Shah, Rakesh K. „Enhancements of Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Tribological Properties by Addition of Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide in Epoxy“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699889/.
Annotation:
The effects of octadecylamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (FRGO) on the frictional and wear properties of diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy are studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer. It was observed that the addition of FRGO significantly improves the tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxy matrix. Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with octadecylamine (ODA), and then reduction of oxygen-containing functional groups was carried out using hydrazine monohydrate. The Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm significant reduction in oxygen-containing functional groups and formation of ODA functionalized reduced GO. The nanocomposites are prepared by adding 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 wt % of FRGO to the epoxy. The addition of FRGO increases by more than an order of magnitude the sliding distance during which the dynamic friction is ≤ 0.1. After this distance, the friction sharply increases to the range of 0.4 - 0.5. We explain the increase in sliding distance during which the friction is low by formation of a transfer film from the nanocomposite to the counterface. The wear rates in the low and high friction regimes are approximately 1.5 x 10-4 mm3/N·m and 5.5 x 10-4 mm3/N·m, respectively. The nanocomposites exhibit a 74 % increase in Young’s modulus with 0.5 wt. % of FRGO, and an increase in glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures.
24
TASAYCO, CARLOS MANUEL SANCHEZ. „STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TIB2 AND TI-B-N FILMS DEPOSITED BY REACTIVE DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10020@1.
Annotation:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo central o estudo das modificações nas propriedades estruturais, mecânicas e tribológicas causadas pela incorporação de nitrogênio em filmes de diborato de titânio (TiB2) crescidos pela técnica de erosão catódica assistida por um campo magnético. Os revestimentos de Ti-B-N com diferentes conteúdos de nitrogênio foram depositados em substratos de silício cristalino (100) a partir da erosão de um alvo de diborato de titânio mediante o uso da técnica de erosão catódica em uma atmosfera de argônio e nitrogênio e com tensões de polarização variando entre +100V e - 100V. Os efeitos do conteúdo de nitrogênio e a influência da tensão de polarização na estrutura e no comportamento tribológico foram investigados com o uso da técnica nuclear de retroespalhamento Rutherford (RBS), espectroscopia de fotoelétrons induzida por raios-x (XPS), difração por raios-x (XRD), perfilometria (medidas de tensão interna), microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e de ângulo de contato. Os resultados do presente trabalho mostraram que a incorporação de nitrogênio produz filmes com tensões internas cada vez mais compressivas. No entanto a mudança da tensão de autopolarização a valores positivos provocou uma relaxação na tensão interna. Nesses casos, foi observada uma melhor adesão dos filmes aos substratos de silício. Os resultados de XPS mostraram que as fases, TiB2, BN e TiN, estão presentes nos filmes de Ti-B-N e a caracterização por XRD determinou a estrutura nanocristalina desses revestimentos. Medidas de AFM indicaram valores de rugosidade superficial entre 1 e 2nm.
The main purpose of the present work was the study of the effects on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of the incorporation of nitrogen in titanium diboride films (TiB2) grown by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. Ti-BN coatings with different N contents were deposited on Si (100) substrates from a TiB2 target. The sputtering was carried out in an Ar-N2 gas mixture with a substrate bias voltage in the range between +100V e -100V. The effects of the nitrogen content and the influence of substrate bias voltage on the coatings properties were studied by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), XRay photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), profilometry (internal stress measurements), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The results of the present work show that nitrogen incorporation produces films with higher compressive internal stress. However, a positive substrate bias reduces the compressive stress, thus resulting in a better adhesion to the substrate. The XPS results showed that the TiB2, TiN and BN phases are present in the Ti-B-N films. Characterization by XRD determined the nanocrystalline structure of Ti-B-N coatings. Measurements by AFM revealed low surface roughness values.
25
Sanni, Onimisi Calistus. „Microstructural, Mechanical and Tribological Studies of Ti-6Al-4V Thin Plates Produced by EBM Process“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Materialteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35321.
Annotation:
The titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, is vastly studied and used in many applications because it has a transformation microstructure, which can be tailored for apt properties that are consistent up to 500°C. Compared to conventional steels, this alloy favours certain applications due to its high specific strength, hardenability, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and weldability. Its weldability makes the alloy a good candidate for additive manufacturing (AM). Ti-6Al-4V parts are widely built by the AM process of electron beam melting (EBM). However, heat transfer remains crucial in EBM process. The high intensity localized, moving, electron beam heat source and the rapid self-cooling are critical, especially in thin parts/ sections. When thin sections are built by the EBM process, there will be microstructural variation in their build direction, which can lead to the variation of their mechanical properties. It is necessary to understand the microstructure and mechanical properties of thin sections when they are used as functional parts in various applications in aerospace, automotive, medical, etc. industries. The microstructure, tribological behaviour and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V, as-built EBM thin plates were studied by means of various hardness, scratch and tensile testing. The hardness and scratch tests were performed on the thin plates to correlate the microstructural variation. In-situ micro tensile test was performed inside the scanning electron microscope (SEM), to see the sample’s deformation behaviour. Microstructural characterization revealed equiaxed grains in the transverse section and the longitudinal surface exhibited columnar grains elongated along the build direction. The size of the equiaxed grains are found to vary across the thickness of the plate. The indentation and scratch hardness also vary in correlation with the varying grain size across the plate’s thickness. The micro tensile results reveal that the tensile properties of the thin plate are comparable to that of its bulk Ti-6Al-4V counterpart.
26
Fallqvist, M., R. M’Sauobi, J. Andersson und Mikael Olsson. „Mechanical and tribological properties of PVD-coated cemented carbide as evaluated by a new multi-pass scratch testing method“. Högskolan Dalarna, Materialteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11438.
Annotation:
A new test method based on multipass scratch testing has been developed for evaluating the mechanical and tribological properties of thin, hard coatings. The proposed test method uses a pin-on-disc tribometer and during testing a Rockwell C diamond stylus is used as the “pin” and loaded against the rotating coated sample. The influence of normal load on the number of cycles to coating damage is investigated and the resulting coating damage mechanisms are evaluated by posttest scanning electron microscopy. The present study presents the test method by evaluating the performance of Ti0.86Si0.14N, Ti0.34Al0.66N, and (Al0.7Cr0.3)2O3 coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation on cemented carbide inserts. The results show that the test method is quick, simple, and reproducible and can preferably be used to obtain relevant data concerning the fatigue, wear, chipping, and spalling characteristics of different coating-substrate composites. The test method can be used as a virtually nondestructive test and, for example, be used to evaluate the fatigue and wear resistance as well as the cohesive and adhesive interfacial strength of coated cemented carbide inserts prior to cutting tests.Open Access
27
Liu, Chang. „Structure, mechanical and tribological properties of hydrogen-free amorphous carbon films deposited by dual-frequency mode pulsed-DC magnetron sputtering“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17921/.
Annotation:
Amorphous carbon (hydrogenated and hydrogen-free) films have attracted much attention during the past few decades due to their unique properties such as high hardness, low coefficient of friction (CoF) and low wear rate. Compared with the hydrogenated amorphous carbon films, hydrogen-free amorphous carbon (a-C) films, with higher hardness, are believed to have better tribological properties especially in humid environments. Different deposition parameters (or techniques) will strongly affect the microstructure of the a-C films and thus influence their mechanical and tribological properties. For magnetron sputtering, pulsing both the sputtering target and the substrate at significant different frequencies (dual frequency DC-pulsed magnetron sputtering) provides more advantages and flexibility of controlling the film microstructure. Therefore, the aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate the effect of substrate bias parameters (i.e. voltage and duty cycle) and silicon doping concentration (to increase the deposition rate and reduce the internal stress) on the mechanical and tribological properties obtained in non-hydrogenated a-C films by such deposition techniques. Four a-C films were deposited at different substrate negative bias voltages (50 V - 170 V), which have a predominantly sp2 bonded structure. Film hardness, reduced elastic modulus and internal stress of the a-C films all initially increased with increasing bias voltage to a maximum at 130 V and then decreased when the voltage was increased further. The average CoF when sliding against an SAE 52100 steel counterface is around 0.3 in humid environments. The specific wear rate did not change in an obvious way with the voltage (from 50 V to 130 V), but increased when the voltage was at 170 V. A further four a-C films were deposited at different substrate bias duty cycles (10% to 40%), which also show a predominantly sp2 bonded structure. Film hardness and reduced elastic modulus follow similar trends to the a-C films deposited at different bias voltages (i.e. first increasing and then decreasing beyond a certain threshold). The film compressive internal stress continuously increases with the substrate bias duty cycle. The average CoF under similar test conditions as those for a-C films deposited by different bias voltages is around 0.2-0.3. The a-C film deposited at 30% duty cycle shows the lowest wear rate and the 40% one shows the highest. The effect on the wear rate of the substrate bias duty cycle appears more pronounced than that of bias voltage. Doping with silicon in a-C film (18.2 at.%, 28.8 at.% and 41.5 at. %) led to an increase of the deposition rate, compared to the ‘pure’ a-C films. Doping with smaller silicon concentration ( < 20 at. %), although reducing hardness, will also reduce the compressive internal stress. However, a higher silicon concentration appears to increase the internal stress. a-C film (or a-C/a-C:Si film system) deposited by dual-frequency mode DC magnetron sputtering with excellent mechanical and tribological performance is a good candidate for the real tribological applications, especially on the stainless steel substrate.
28
Singh, Harpal. „An Investigation of Material Properties and Tribological Performance of Magnetron Sputtered Thin Film Coatings“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1449850005.
29
Cross, Tsali Jacob. „Mechanical properties of polymer-derived ceramics constituted from silicon-carbon-oxygen-nitrogen and their tribological behavior in dry and humid environments“. Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207728.
30
Saggar, Richa. „Processing and Properties of 1D and 2D Boron Nitride Nanomaterials Reinforced Glass Composites“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263205.
Annotation:
Glasses and ceramics offer several unique characteristics over polymers or metals. However, they suffer from a shortcoming due to their brittle nature, falling short in terms of fracture toughness and mechanical strength. The aim of this work is to reinforce borosilicate glass matrix with reinforcements to increase the fracture toughness and strength of the glass. Boron nitride nanomaterials, i.e. nanotubes and nanosheets have been used as possible reinforcements for the borosilicate glass matrix. The tasks of the thesis are many fold which include: 1. Reinforcement of commercially derived and morphologically different (bamboo like and cylinder like) boron nitride nanotubes in borosilicate glass with the concentration of 0 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% by ball milling process. Same process was repeated with reinforcing cleaned boron nitride nanotubes (after acid purification) into the borosilicate glass with similar concentrations. 2. Production of boron nitride nanosheets using liquid exfoliation technique to produce high quality and high aspect ratio nanosheets. These boron nitride nanosheets were reinforced in the borosilicate glass matrix with concentrations of 0 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% by ball milling process. The samples were consolidated using spark plasma sintering. These composites were studied in details in terms of material analysis like thermo-gravimetric analysis, detailed scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for the quality of reinforcements etc.; microstructure analysis which include the detailed study of the composite powder samples, the densities of bulk composite samples etc; mechanical properties which include fracture toughness, flexural strength, micro-hardness, Young’s modulus etc. and; tribological properties like scratch resistance and wear resistance. Cleaning process of boron nitride nanotubes lead to reduction in the Fe content (present in boron nitride nanotubes during their production as a catalyst) by ~54%. This leads to an improvement of ~30% of fracture toughness measured by chevron notch technique for 5 wt% boron nitride nanotubes reinforced borosilicate glass. It also contributed to the improvement of scratch resistance by ~26% for the 5 wt% boron nitride nanotubes reinforced borosilicate glass matrix. On the other hand, boron nitride nanosheets were successfully produced using liquid exfoliation technique with average length was ~0.5 µm and thickness of the nanosheets was between 4-30 layers. It accounted to an improvement of ~45% for both fracture toughness and flexural strength by reinforcing 5 wt% of boron nitride nanosheets. The wear rates reduced by ~3 times while the coefficient of friction was reduced by ~23% for 5 wt% boron nitride nanosheets reinforcements. Resulting improvements in fracture toughness and flexural strength in the composite materials were observed due to high interfacial bonding between the boron nitride nanomaterials and borosilicate glass matrix resulting in efficient load transfer. Several toughening and strengthening mechanisms like crack bridging, crack deflection and significant pull-out were observed in the matrix. It was also observed that the 2D reinforcement served as more promising candidate for reinforcements compared to 1D reinforcements. It was due to several geometrical advantages like high surface area, rougher surface morphology, and better hindrance in two dimensions rather than just one dimension in nanotubes.
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Deva, Reddy Jayadeep. „Mechanical properties of Silicon Carbide (SiC) thin films“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002615.
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Hankla, Lorenzo W. „Mechanical properties of particulate-reinforced boron carbide composites“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002749.
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Karniychuk, Maksim. „Combination of Lateral and Normal Forces for Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behaviour of Bulk and Coated Materials on the Micro-Scale“. Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601120.
Annotation:
In the last half of the XX century and the first years of the XXI century a large amount of methods for the determination of mechanical and tribological properties of materials on the micro- and nano-scale were developed. However, some problems and disadvantages are kept up to now. The combined application of normal and lateral forces allows to extend the possibilities of conventional contact mechanical approaches for investigations of mechanical and tribological behaviour of bulk and coated materials. Due to the unique construction of the Lateral Force Unit (LFU) the lateral force can be applied to the sample during normal indentation by the commercial nanoindenter UMIS 2000. Thus, the presented thesis reports the detailed study of the LFU capabilities for the determination of mechanical properties and tribological behavior on the micro-scale. At first it was found that the most appropriate standard position for the correct combined application of normal and lateral forces is the LFU inclination by 3.3° with respect to the UMIS stage. This standard position allows to minimize the influence of different factors on the measuring process. It was shown that the shape of normal displacement-time curves is the most convenient after the thermal drift correction for the simplification of the determination of such parameters as the maximal normal displacement and the residual normal deformation obtained by lateral force application. It was found that the crack formation can be detected as the observation of sudden change of lateral displacement in lateral force-displacement curve together with normal displacement in normal displacement-time curve. These investigations were performed for single-crystal sapphire. For the first time the crack in single-crystal sapphire was detected by the contact mechanical method in situ. The critical tensile stress for the crack formation in single-crystal sapphire was determined as 9.68+-0.22 GPa. It was established that the onset of plastic deformation can be detected by the observation of shape change of lateral force-displacement curve together with the appearance of residual normal deformation in normal displacement-time curve. These investigations were done for bulk BK7 glass and silicon dioxide film with thickness of 951 nm on silicon substrate. The yield strength for the silicon dioxide film was evaluated as 6.83+-0.02 GPa. It was found that the static friction of materials couples can be evaluated by the analysis of lateral force-displacement curves with the error of 5-10 %. The static friction coefficients for fused silica, BK7 glass, single-crystal sapphire as well as SiO2, DLC and CrN0.08 coatings were determined against diamond, tungsten carbide and sapphire spherical indenter with different radii. The effect of normal load on static friction for fused silica and BK7 glass against 10.5 µm diamond spherical indenter was also studied. It was found that the onset of plastic deformation leads to a significant change of static frictionIn der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und während den ersten Jahren des 21. Jahrhunderts wurden zahlreiche Methoden zur Untersuchung mechanischer und tribologischer Materialeigenschaften auf der Mikro- und Nanometerskala entwickelt. Trotz der Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet blieben vielfältige Fragestellungen unbeantwortet oder waren mit den vorhandenen experimentellen Untersuchungsmethoden nicht zugänglich. Mit der kombinierten Belastung aus Lateral- und Normalkräften wurden die etablierten Messverfahren um einen viel versprechenden Ansatz zur Charakterisierung mechanischer sowie tribologischer Eigenschaften erweitert, der sowohl für Massiv- als auch Schichtmaterialien anwendbar ist. Die einzigartige Konstruktion einer Lateralkrafteinheit bietet als separates Bauteil die Möglichkeit während eines Standardeindringversuches mittels des kommerziellen Nanoindenters UMIS 2000 bei normaler Last, eine laterale Belastung zu überlagern. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt eine detaillierte Studie der Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Lateralkrafteinheit hinsichtlich der Charakterisierung mechanischer Eigenschaften und tribologischen Materialverhaltens auf der Mikrometerskala. Zunächst wurde herausgefunden, dass eine Verkippung der Lateralkrafteinheit von 3,3° gegenüber dem UMIS-Rahmen notwendig ist, um eine hochgenaue und definierte Belastung aus lateraler und normaler Kraft auf die Probe auszuüben. Mit dieser durchgeführten Korrektur der Ausrichtung gelang es weitere auf den Messprozess einwirkende Effekte zu minimieren. Nach der Korrektur der thermischen Drift scheinen die gemessenen Normalverschiebungs-Zeit-Kurven für die Bestimmung von mechanischen Parametern wie maximaler Verschiebung oder bleibender Eindrucktiefe bei lateraler Belastung geeignet zu sein. Als ein weiteres Ergebnis gelang es, durch die kombinierte Belastung der Kraftkomponenten Bruchversagen nachzuweisen. Das Materialversagen wurde durch eine abrupte Änderung der lateralen Verschiebung im Last-Verschiebungs-Diagramm angezeigt. Mit dieser Methode wurde erstmalig in-situ das Bruchversagen am Beispiel des einkristallinen Saphirs detektiert. Die kritische Zugspannung, die zur Bruchbildung bei Saphir führte, war 9,68+-0,22 GPa. Die Analyse der Kurvenform der Kraft-Verschiebungs-Kurven für die Lateralbelastung im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten von bleibender Deformation in den zugehörigen Verschiebungs-Zeit-Kurven der normalen Belastung liefert den Beginn der plastischen Deformation. Massive BK7-Glasproben sowie SiO2-Schichten wurden untersucht. Für die Fließspannung der SiO2-Schicht wurde ein Wert von 6,83+-0,02 GPa ermittelt. Der Haftreibungskoeffizient für verschiedene Materialpaarungen wurde aus den Last-Verschiebungs-Kurven mit einer Genauigkeit von 5-10 % berechnet. Zu den untersuchten Materialien gehörten Quarz, einkristallines Saphir, BK7-Glas sowie SiO2-, DLC- und CrN0.08-Schichten, die mit Diamant, Wolframkarbid und Saphir-Indentern gepaart wurden. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss der Normallast auf den Haftreibungskoeffizienten für Quarz und BK7-Glas gegen Diamant studiert. Es zeigte sich, dass der Beginn der plastischen Deformation zu signifikanten Änderungen der Haftreibung führt
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Paul, Arindam. „Development and evaluation of NiW alloy and NiW-TiO2 composite coatings on the mechanical properties, tribological performance and the corrosion resistance of bearing steel“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1618853855083468.
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Prashanth, Konda Gokuldoss. „Selective laser melting of Al-12Si“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144245.
Annotation:
Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder-based additive manufacturing technique consisting of the exact reproduction of a three dimensional computer model (generally a computer-aided design CAD file or a computer tomography CT scan) through an additive layer-by-layer strategy. Because of the high degree of freedom offered by the additive manufacturing, parts having almost any possible geometry can be produced by SLM. More specifically, with this process it is possible to build parts with extremely complex shapes and geometries that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to produce using conventional subtractive manufacturing processes. Another major advantage of SLM compared to conventional techniques is the fast cooling rate during the process. This permits the production of bulk materials with very fine microstructures and improved mechanical properties or even bulk metallic glasses. In addition, this technology gives the opportunity to produce ready-to-use parts with minimized need for post-processing (only surface polishing might be required). Recently, significant research activity has been focused on SLM processing of different metallic materials, including steels, Ti-, Ni- and Al-based alloys. However, most of the research is devoted to the parameters optimization or to feasibility studies on the production of complex structures with no detailed investigations of the structure-property correlation.
Accordingly, this thesis focuses on the production and structure-property correlation of Al-12Si samples produced by SLM from gas atomized powders. The microstructure of the as-prepared SLM samples consists of supersaturated primary Al with an extremely fine cellular structure along with the residual free Si situated at the cellular boundaries. This microstructure leads to a remarkable mechanical behavior: the yield and tensile strengths of the SLM samples are respectively four and two times higher than their cast counterparts. However, the ductility is significantly reduced compared with the cast samples. The effect of annealing at different temperatures on the microstructure and resulting mechanical properties of the SLM parts has been systematically studied by analyzing the size, morphology and distribution of the phases. In addition, the mechanical properties of the SLM samples have been modeled using micro- structural features, such as the crystallite and matrix ligament sizes. The results demonstrate that the mechanical behavior of the Al-12Si SLM samples can be tuned within a wide range of strength and ductility through the use of the proper annealing treatment.
The Al-Si alloys are generally used as pistons or cylinder liners in automotive applications. This requires good wear resistance and sufficient strength at the operating temperature, which ranges between 373 – 473 K. Accordingly, the tensile properties of the SLM samples were also tested at these temperatures. Changing the hatch style during SLM processing vary the texture in the material. Hence, samples with different hatch styles were produced and the effect of texture on their mechanical behavior was evaluated. The results show that the hatch style strongly influences both the mechanical properties and the texture of the samples; however no direct correlation was observed between texture and mechanical properties. The wear properties of the Al-12Si material was evaluated using pin-on-disc and fretting wear experiments. These experiments show that the as-prepared SLM samples exhibit better wear resistance than their cast counterparts and the SLM heat-treated samples. Finally, the corrosion investigations reveal that the SLM samples have similar corrosion behavior as the cast specimens under acidic conditions.
A major drawback for the wide application of SLM as an industrial processing route is the limited size of the products. This is a direct consequence of the limited dimensions of the available building chambers, which allow for the production of samples with volumes of about 0.02 m3. A possible way to overcome this problem would be the use of the welding processes to join the small SLM objects to form parts with no dimensional limitations. In order to verify this possibility, friction welding was employed to join Al-12Si SLM parts. The results indicate that friction welding not only successfully permits the join materials manufactured by SLM, but also helps to significantly improve their ductility.
This work clearly demonstrates that SLM can be successfully used for the production of Al-12Si parts with an overall superior performance of the mechanical and physical properties with respect to the conventional cast samples. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the SLM samples can be widely tuned in-situ by employing suitable hatch styles or ex-situ by the proper heat treatment. This might help the development of SLM for the production of innovative high-performance Al-based materials and structures with controlled properties for automotive and aerospace applications.
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Haviez, Laura. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un contact graissé soumis à des sollicitations de fretting-reciprocating“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0051.
Annotation:
Les nouvelles générations d’avions, tant civils que militaires, sont désormais pleinement engagées dans l’électrification des commandes de vol. Afin d’atteindre les nouveaux objectifs et critères mis en place pour le bon développement de ces actionneurs électro-mécaniques, il est nécessaire d’effectuer des études en amont. Ces études portent principalement sur le comportement mécanique et tribologique des pièces en contact afin d’éviter l’évènement le plus redouté qui est le grippage, au sens blocage irréversible du système. En effet, ces actionneurs électro-mécaniques sont soumis à des sollicitations de chargement vibratoires qui induisent des déplacements de très faibles amplitudes entre les pièces en contact. Ces micro-glissements peuvent induire de l’usure, de la fissuration, de l’écaillage, etc. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, les travaux de recherche menés dans cette thèse, ont porté sur quatre axes majeurs. Le premier axe consiste à étudier et déterminer le comportement tribologique des premiers corps en milieu sec, puis en incorporant des traitements de surface. Le second axe a permis de déterminer les différents régimes de lubrification du contact lubrifié à la graisse. Nous avons montré que le régime de lubrification totale est caractérisé par la formation d’un tribofilm lubrifiant et protecteur. Des analyses plus poussées ont portées sur les cinétiques de formation et destruction de ce tribofilm ainsi que sa nature. Le troisième axe est consacré à l’étude du comportement tribologique du contact revêtu en milieu graissé. Le dernier axe de travail est destiné à la mise en place d’outils de simulation et de prévision de l’usure, et donc à posteriori du grippage, en fonction des conditions de chargement. Ces quatre axes d’études complémentaires ont donc permis de mettre en place des outils de comparaison de graisses et de revêtements, de comprendre le comportement du contact étudié ainsi que de développer des outils de simulationElectrification of flight controls represents an important milestone for both civil and military next-generation aircraft. A successful development of electro-mechanical actuators used for this type of application not only requires the establishment of a set of appropriate objectives and criteria but also the study of fundamental aspects. These studies mainly focus on the mechanical and tribological behavior of parts in contact with the objective to prevent seizing. Seizing is defined as an irreversible blockage of the system and it can be considered as the worst-case scenario. As a matter of fact, the considered electro-mechanical actuators are subjected to vibrational loads which induce small displacements between the parts in contact. These micro-slidings can result in wear, cracking, scaling and other undesirable phenomena. This PhD thesis is divided into four major topics that each contributes to prevent seizing. More precisely, the first part of this thesis deals with the tribological behavior of the first bodies in dry condition both with and without surface treatments. As a second axis the different lubrication regimes of the greased lubricated interface were determined. We have shown that the total lubrication regime is characterized by the formation of a lubricant and protective tribofilm. A detailed analysis on the nature of the tribofilm as well as on its kinetics of formation and destruction was carried out. The third area is devoted to the study of the tribological behavior of the coated and greased contact. Finally, the fourth axis of this research deals with the question of how we can simulate and predict wear, and seizing as its most severe form, under multiple loading conditions. These four complementary areas allowed us to establish tools for comparison for greases and coatings in order to understand the behavior of the fretted interface and to develop simulation tools
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El, Sayed Sayeda M. A. „Effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of semicrystalline polyethylene terphthalate(PET)“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213325.
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He, Wei. „Mechanical and microstructural properties of thin metal films on compliant substrates“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2280/document.
Annotation:
Le comportement mécanique de films minces métalliques déposés sur des substrats souples joue un rôle déterminant dans les performances de l'électronique flexible et des micro- systèmes électromécaniques (MEMS).Dans un premier temps, une nouvelle méthode est présentée pour caractériser le module d'élasticité de films minces submicroniques. Avec deux couches déposées de chaque côté et sur la moitié du substrat polymère, la corrélation d'image numérique (CIN) a été utilisée pour mesurer simultanément la déformation du film et du substrat in situ au cours d'un essai de traction. La différence entre les déformations mesurées sur la partie vierge et le composite permet d'extraire les propriétés élastiques de films minces de manière simple et avec grande précision. Comme attendu, la distribution des déformations est uniforme au travers de l'épaisseur du film ce qui indique une adhésion parfaite entre le film et le substrat. Dans le cas de films minces de tungstène, de chrome, de nickel et de cuivre, les valeurs de module obtenues sont proches de celles des mêmes matériaux à l'état massif.Dans un deuxième temps, une nouvelle méthode expérimentale utilisant une machine de déformation uniaxiale est présentée pour étudier l'effet Bauschinger dans des films minces métalliques déposés sur des substrats étirables. Grâce à un dispositif original, les films minces sont déposés sur des substrats prétendus et peuvent donc être déformés alternativement en tension et en compression dans un large domaine de déformations. La déformation élastique intra granulaire des films minces polycristallins et la déformation macroscopique du substrat sont mesurées in situ par diffraction des rayons X et CIN respectivement. A partir des courbes « déformation élastique – déformation macroscopique », la réponse mécanique de l'ensemble film / substrat est analysée au vu de l'histoire complète du chargement et de la microstructure (contraintes résiduelles, texture) des films mincesThe mechanical behavior of metallic thin films deposited on soft substrates plays a crucial role in the performance of flexible electronics and MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS).At first, a novel method is presented to characterize the in-plane elastic modulus of sub micrometer thin films. With two coating layers bonded symmetrically to half polyimide substrates, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) has been employed to measure time-resolved full-field strain maps of film and substrate during in situ tensile testing. The strain differences between virgin and composite parts allowed to extract the elastic properties of the thin films in a simple way with high precision. As expected, the strain distribution is uniform through the film thickness which indicates a perfect adhesion between the film and the substrate. In the case of tungsten, chromium, nickel and copper films, the values obtained are close to the bulk one.In a second step, a new experimental method using uniaxial tensile testing is presented to study Bauschinger effect in thin metallic films deposited on stretchable substrates. Thanks to our new pre-tensile setup (specific grips), the thin films were deposited on pre-stretched substrates and thus could be deformed alternately in tension and compression within a large strain domain. The elastic intra-granular strain of polycrystalline thin films and true strain of substrates are measured in situ by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and DIC. From lattice strain-true strain curves, the mechanical response of copper and nickel /substrate sets is analyzed in view of the complete loading history and the presence of residual stresses and crystallographic texture in thin films
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Imbert, Laurianne. „Effets de l'ostéogénèse imparfaite sur les propriétés mécaniques et minérales de l'os cortical chez l'enfant“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0042/document.
Annotation:
L’Ostéogénèse Imparfaite (OI) est une maladie génétique dont une des conséquences est la fragilité accrue du squelette, lui valant ainsi le nom de « maladie des os de verre ». Il existe plusieurs phénotypes reflétant différents niveaux de sévérité, néanmoins certaines caractéristiques, comme une petite taille et des déformations des os longs, sont fréquemment observées en cas d’OI. Aujourd’hui peu de traitements existent et aucun n’est curatif. Avant d’espérer pouvoir en mettre un au point, il faut d’abord comprendre et quantifier les mécanismes impliqués et ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans cette logique. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de déterminer les effets de la pathologie sur le tissu osseux aux échelles macroscopique et tissulaire. L’intérêt majeur de ce travail est de faire une étude comparative entre un groupe d’échantillons provenant d’enfants souffrant d’OI et un groupe contrôle composé d’échantillons provenant d’enfants sains. Nous les avons comparés en termes de propriétés mécaniques, structurales et chimiques via l’utilisation de diverses techniques, à savoir la tomographie RX haute résolution, la nanoindentation, la spectroscopie Raman, la microscopie électronique à balayage, la corrélation d’images et des essais de compression. Afin d’étudier l’impact de cette maladie sur le remodelage osseux, nous avons également comparé l’activité ostéoclastique sur ces deux types de substrat par interférométrie. Ce travail de thèse avait aussi pour but d’appliquer la méthode des champs virtuels pour identifier les modules élastiques des zones interstitielle et ostéonale du tissu osseux. Nous avons obtenu des informations importantes sur le fonctionnement de la maladie, notamment nous avons observé que la qualité du tissu, l’activité de remodelage et la microstructure étaient altérées en cas d’OI. Cette dégradation des os explique donc qu’ils puissent se déformer et se casser plus facilementOsteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder, also known as the “brittle bone disease”, associated with an increased bone fragility. Several phenotypes exist, reflecting different severities but some features are frequently observed like a reduced stature and long bone deformities. A few treatments are currently used but none of them is curative. To improve those treatments there is a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate the effects of OI on the bone tissue at macroscopic and tissue scales. The main interest of this project is to perform a comparative study between a group of OI bones retrieved from children with OI and a group of control bones retrieved from healthy children. The mechanical, mineral and structural properties of those two groups were compared using high resolution computed tomography, nanoindentation, spectroscopy Raman, scanning electron microscopy, digital image correlation and compression testing. The osteoclast activity on those two types of substrates was compared by interferometry. Finally, the virtual fields method was applied to identify elastic moduli of interstitial and osteonal zones in bone tissue. The tissue quality, the remodeling activity and the microstructure were altered in OI, those modifications can explain the increased fragility of OI bones
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Huyghe, Pierre. „ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN Q&P STEELS“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278740/5/contratPH.pdf.
Annotation:
The Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment has been proposed in the early 2000s to produce cold-rolled sheets combining high-strength and formability for the automotive market. Q&P consists, first, of an interrupted quench between the martensite-start temperature (Ms) and the martensite-finish temperature (Mf) from intercritical annealing or full austenitization in order to form controlled fractions of martensite. This is followed by a partitioning step in order to stabilize the untransformed austenite through carbon enrichment. In order to maximize the carbon transfer from martensite to austenite, the use of specific alloying elements and the design of appropriate Q&P parameters are required to eliminate or minimize competing phenomena such as carbide formation and austenite decomposition. The final quenched and partitioned microstructure, using full austenitization, ideally consists of carbon-depleted lath martensite and significant fractions of retained austenite providing an improved combination of strength and ductility. Hence, the transformation of retained austenite upon straining at room temperature (TRIP effect) provides supplementary work-hardening and eventually improves the ductility. In the present work, Quenching and Partitioning (Q & P) heat treatments were carried out in a quench dilatometeron a 0.2 wt% carbon steel. The microstructure evolution of the Q & P steels was characterized usingdilatometry, SEM, EBSD and XRD. The martensitic transformation profile was analyzed in order to estimate thefraction of martensite formed at a given temperature below the martensite start temperature Ms. Q & P wasshown to be an effective way to stabilize retained austenite at room temperature. However, the measuredaustenite fractions after Q & P treatments showed significant differences when compared to the calculated valuesconsidering ideal partitioning conditions. Indeed, the measured austenite fractions were found to be less sensitiveto the quench temperature and were never larger than the ideal predicted maximum fraction. Competitivereactions such as austenite decomposition into bainite and carbide precipitation were found to occur in thepresent work.Furthermore, a broad range of mechanical properties was obtained when varying the quenching temperaturesand partitioning times. The direct contributions between Q & P microstructural constituents -such as retainedaustenite as well as tempered/fresh martensite- and resulting mechanical properties were scrutinized. This wascritically discussed and compared to quenching and austempering (QAT) which is a more conventional processingroute of stabilizing retained austenite at room temperature. Finally, Q & P steels were shown to exhibit aninteresting balance between strength and ductility. The achievement of this interesting combination of mechanicalproperties was reached for much shorter processing times compared to QAT steels.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ben, jaber Nader. „Élaboration de revêtements prothétiques : Caractérisation physico-chimique, structurale et mécanique“. Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS010/document.
Annotation:
Ce travail présente un procédé innovant d’élaboration de revêtements prothétiques phosphocalciques : l’électrodéposition. Il porte sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de phosphates de calcium destinés au recouvrement de prothèses de hanche. Un protocole original a été développé en associant l’électrodéposition en mode courant pulsé à un traitement thermique sous atmosphère contrôlée appelé THUCA. La morphologie, la composition et la structure des revêtements obtenus ont été analysées respectivement par MEB, microanalyse X et diffraction des rayons X. Les résultats ont montré que nous obtenons un implant constitué d’un revêtement biphasique (hydroxyapatite HAP et phosphate tricalcique b-TCP) sur l’alliage de titane TA6V.Les caractérisations mécaniques par indentation, les tests de rayure (scratch test) et d’usure (tribologique) réalisées pour la première fois sur cet implant ont montré que le revêtement possède un excellent aspect cohésif et adhésif avec une excellente résistance à l’usure. Par ailleurs, la bioactivité des revêtements élaborés est évaluée en milieu physiologique en étudiant d’une part leur comportement vis-à-vis de la corrosion, et d’autre part leur comportement en milieu de culture cellulaire. L’ensemble de ces résultats indiquent que l’implant proposé possède de bonnes propriétés faisant de lui un bon candidat en tant qu’implant pour la chirurgie orthopédique.Par ailleurs, ce travail de thèse a été achevé par des études préliminaires concernant une technique complémentaire à l’électrodéposition : l’électrophorèse. Nous avons obtenu pour la première fois un revêtement constitué de nanoparticules d’hydroxyapatite ayant de bonnes propriétés mécaniquesThis work presents an innovative process to develop prosthetic calcium phosphate coatings: electrodeposition. It focuses on the synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphates for the recovery of hip prostheses. Thus, an original protocol was developed, which combines pulsed current electrodeposition to a heat treatment method under controlled atmosphere called THUCA. Morphology, composition and structure of the coatings obtained were analyzed respectively by SEM, X-ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that we obtain an implant consisting of a two-phases coating (HAP hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate b-TCP) on the titanium alloy TA6V.Mechanical characterizations made by indentation, scratch tests (scratch test) and wear (tribological) for the first time on this implant showed that the coating has a good adhesive and cohesive appearance with improved wear resistance. Moreover, the bioactivity of the developed coatings was evaluated by studying their corrosion behavior in physiological medium and also their behavior in cell culture medium. All these results indicate that the proposed implant has good properties making it a good candidate as an implant for orthopedic surgery.Furthermore, this thesis was completed by preliminary studies of a complementary technique to electrodeposition: electrophoresis. We obtain for the first time a coating consisting of nano-particles of hydroxyapatite having good mechanical properties
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Andrešiūnas, Aurimas. „Bioskalių tepamųjų medžiagų dilimo slopinimo savybių tyrimas“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110602_120441-47126.
Annotation:
Šiame darbe atlikti biologinių tepamųjų medžiagų tribologinių savybių tyrimai bei aptariami gauti rezultatai. Tirtas grynas ir sekančiais priedais modifikuotas rapsų aliejus: stearino rūgštimi, oleino rūgštimi, monogliceridais, monodigliceridais bei jų kompozicijomis. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad rapsų aliejus, modifikuotas įvardintomis medžiagomis bei jų mišiniais, efektyviau slopina dilimą, o trintį mažina efektyviau net už komercines biologines alyvas. Nnustatyta, kad rapsų aliejus modifikuotas oleino rūgštimi geriau slopina dilimą lyginant su grynu rapsų aliejumi. Rapsų aliejaus mišinys su 2% oleino rūgšties ir 0,5% monodigliceridų priedais ne tik užtikrina mažus trinties nuostolius tribosistemoje, bet šie nuostoliai viso standartinio keturių bandymo metu turi tendenciją mažėti.At this work there are accomplished researches of biological properties of lubricating materials bio-tribological features and disputed obtained results. This work discusses bio-tribological properties of lubricating materials results. Tests were used rapeseed oil additives modified next: stearic acid, oleic acid, monoglycerides, monodiglycerides and their compositions. Investigation shows, that the modification of rapeseed oil substances and mixtures there of effectively inhibits wear and effectively reduces friction, even for commercial bio oil. The investigation revealed that the modified rapeseed oil oleic acid improves friction surfaces to wear protection. It was found that a mixture of rapeseed oil with 2% oleic acid and 0.5% monodiglycerides accessories not only ensure the minimum of friction losses in the moment, but these losses during the test have a tendency to decrease.
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Patil, Amit k. „ADVANCED PROCESSING OF NICKEL-TITANIUM-GRAPHITE BASED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560298763233401.
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Tossou, Eric. „Développement de nouveaux composites hybrides renforcés par des fibres de carbone et de lin : mise en oeuvre et caractérisation mécanique“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC209/document.
Annotation:
L’objectif de cette thèse est, d’une part, l’optimisation de la mise en œuvre des matériaux composites àtravers l’étude du comportement des renforts secs en compaction et, d’autre part, le développement et lacaractérisation de matériaux composites stratifiés hybrides renforcés par des fibres de carbone et de lin.Durant la mise en œuvre de ces composites, les renforts sont soumis à un phénomène appelé compactiontransverse. La compréhension de ce mécanisme est importante pour l’amélioration de la mise en œuvre.La connaissance de la capacité de compaction des renforts secs sert également à la prédiction du taux defibres ainsi que de l’épaisseur de la pièce composite finale. Des essais de compaction réalisés sur douzerenforts présentant de différentes solutions techniques ont montré que la capacité de compaction d’unrenfort sec est influencée par plusieurs facteurs. Les résultats obtenus de ce travail portant essentiellementsur les renforts à fibres naturelles (lin) ont montré que ces types de renforts se compactent moinsbien que les renforts à fibres synthétiques (carbone, verre). Ainsi, pour pouvoir améliorer la capacité decompaction de ces renforts naturels, il faut choisir ceux dont le grammage est important, ceux dont lesmèches sont en fibre et non en fil, ceux qui sont unidirectionnels (ou quasi UD) plutôt que des tissés oudes bi-biais. De plus, il faut privilégier les séquences à plusieurs plis aux séquences mono-plis.Face à un fort besoin d’allègement des structures, les matériaux composites sont de plus en plus recherchésdans le secteur industriel notamment dans le domaine des transports. Cependant, les matériaux compositescomme tout autre matériau, en plus d’être mécaniquement performant, doivent remplir d’autresfonctions comme l’amortissement de chocs et de vibrations pour une bonne tenue en service. Pour remplircette double exigence, une des solutions est d’utiliser la technique d’hybridation qui consiste à utiliserau sein d’un même composite des fibres naturelles et synthétiques à la fois afin d’exploiter leursatouts respectifs. Respectivement en raison de leur rigidité et de leur pouvoir amortissant, les fibres decarbone et de lin ont été choisies dans le cadre de cette thèse. La caractérisation des plaques stratifiéesfabriquées en infusion de résine montre que le composite carbone a de meilleures propriétés mécaniqueset microstructurales tandis que le composite lin propose des propriétés amortissantes très intéressantes.Les résultats montrent que l’hybridation du lin avec du carbone permet d’améliorer considérablement lesfaibles propriétés mécaniques du composite lin et les mauvaises propriétés amortissantes du compositecarbone. La séquence d’empilement des couches a une influence significative sur le comportement et lespropriétés des stratifiés hybrides. Nos résultats ont montré que pour avoir une meilleure microstructureles couches de carbone doivent être disposées à l’extérieur. Cette façon d’hybrider permet égalementd’obtenir de meilleures propriétés en flexion et en choc. En revanche, lorsque les couches de lin sontplacées à l’extérieur, le composite hybride a une meilleure capacité d’amortissement. Cette séquenced’empilement garantit aussi une meilleure résistance en indentation. Ainsi, la séquence d’empilementhybride à choisir dépendra du besoin que l’on cherche à satisfaire.Enfin, grâce à une analyse basée sur la théorie classique des stratifiés, il a été démontré dans cette thèsequ’on peut dimensionner des composites stratifiés hybrides malgré que les couches constitutives soientde différente nature avec des propriétés dissemblablesThe goal of this thesis is, on the one hand, the optimization of the manufacturing of composite materials through the study of the behavior of dry fibrous reinforcements in compaction and, on the other hand, the development and characterization of hybrid composite laminates reinforced with carbon and flax fibers. During the manufacturing process of these composites, the reinforcements are subjected to a phenomenon called transverse compaction. Understanding this mechanism is important for improving the manufacturing process. Knowledge of the compaction capacity of the dry reinforcements also serves to predict the fiber content as well as the thickness of the final composite part. Compaction tests carried out on twelve reinforcements presenting different technical solutions have shown that the compaction capacity of a dry reinforcement is influenced by several factors. The results obtained from this work, which focuses on natural fiber reinforcements (flax), have shown that these types of reinforcement are less compactable than synthetic fiber reinforcements (carbon, glass). Thus, to be able to improve the compaction capacity of these natural reinforcements, it is necessary to choose those whose area density is important, those whose tows are in fiber not in yarn, those which are unidirectional (or quasi UD) rather than woven or bi-bias. In addition, it is necessary to choose a multi-ply sequence rather than single-ply sequence. Faced with a strong need for lightening structures, composite materials are increasingly sought in the industrial sector, particularly in the transport sector. However, composite materials like any other material, in addition to being mechanically efficient, must perform other functions such as damping shock and vibration for good performance in service. To meet this double requirement, one of the solutions is to use the hybridization technique which consists in using within the same composite natural and synthetic fibers at the same time in order to exploit their respective advantages. Respectively because of their rigidity and their damping capacity, the carbon and flax fibers were chosen in the context of this thesis. The characterization of the laminate composite plates manufactured with resin infusion process shows that the carbon composite has better mechanical and microstructural properties while the flax composite offers very interesting damping properties. The results show that hybridization of flax with carbon considerably improves the low mechanical properties of the flax composite and the poor damping properties of the carbon composite. The stacking sequence of layers has a significant influence on the behavior and properties of the hybrid laminates. Our results showed that to have a better microstructure the carbon layers must be put outside. This way of hybridizing also makes it possible to obtain better properties in flexion and shock. By contrast, when the flax layers are placed outside, the hybrid composite has a better damping capacity. This stacking sequence also guarantees a better indentation strength. Thus, the hybrid stacking sequence to choose will depend on the need that is sought to meet. Finally, thanks to an analysis based on classical laminate theory, it has been demonstrated in this thesis that hybrid composite laminates can be dimensioned despite the fact that the constituent layers are of different types with dissimilar properties
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Ghosh, Abhijeet. „Study of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AZ91/SiC Composites“. Thesis, 2018. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/9651/1/2018_MT_216ME6418_AGhosh_Study.pdf.
Annotation:
AZ91 alloy is light material among magnesium family used in high-end applications such as aerospace and automobile industries. Reinforcement of these alloys with particulates
gained a lot of attention in the above applications. The current research focuses on the fabrication of AZ91/SiC composites and study of its mechanical and tribological properties. These composites are processed using squeeze type stir casting equipment by maintaining
optimum parameters like melt and mould temperature, stirring speed and time (i.e., 900rpm for 1 min) with various volume fractions of SiC particulates. Further, the effect of variation of SiC particles on mechanical properties is studied. From the results, an increase in tensile and compressive strengths are observed with an increase in volume fraction of SiC from 5% to 10%. Moreover, a pin on disc apparatus is used to study the wear behaviour of these composites with loads of 5 N to 20 N and speed of 60 rpm to 120 rpm.It has been observed that with an increase of volume fraction of SiC particles an increase in wear resistance and reduction in coefficient of friction. A cup and cone type fracture is observed from the
fractography results, which reveals the accumulation of reinforcement.
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Rajkonwar, Amit. „Investigation into mechanical and tribological properties of Lantana Camara particulate reinforced epoxy composite“. Thesis, 2017. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/9688/1/2017_MT_215ME6235_ARajkonwar_Investigation.pdf.
Annotation:
Natural fibers are emerging as suitable alternatives to synthetic materials for reinforcing material in polymers such as epoxy due to their advantages such as environment
friendliness, biodegradibility,renewability and cost effectiveness.Due to such advantages,further exploration of new natural fibers as a filler material in polymer matrix
composites for different tribological applications is needed. Lantana camara is one such abundant natural resources whose potential as filler material in polymer composite has not been explored to such a level till date. The present experimental study aims at studying abrasive wear behaviour of lantana camara powder reinforced epoxy composites and their mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength .Composites having 10, 20 and 30 wt fraction of lantana camara powder were made using hand layup method in a steel mould to study the abrasive wear behaviour on a pin on disc wear tester. It was found that both the abrasive wear resistance and strength of the composite samples can be significantly improved by the incorporation of lantana camara particulates into epoxy . At 20 wt. fraction of lantana camara,both the wear resistance and strength of the composite were found to be optimum.However, excessive addition of particulate(30%)results in increase of wear rate as well as lowering of strength. SEM studies were conducted for the wear out samples to study the failure nature at the microscopic level.XRD analysis was also performed to study the crystallographic structure of lantana
camara powder.
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Rekha, Rattan. „Investigations on mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fabric reinforced polyetherimide composites“. Thesis, 2006. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/4512.
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Basumatary, Kamal Kumar. „Investigation into Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Ipomoea carnea Reinforced Epoxy Composite“. Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5168/1/211ME1375.pdf.
Annotation:
Ipomoea carnea, locally called as “Amari” is one such natural resource found abundantly in many parts of India, whose potential as fiber reinforcement in polymer composite has not been explored till date. Ipomoea carnea is a gregariously growing short shrub available all over the world. The plant is native of South America and was introduced in to India as an ornamental plant. Cellulose content of this shrub is over 55% and lignin content is about 17% which indicates it is a fibrous material and can be used as filler for making light weight polymer composite which provides an effective means of utilization of a large quantity of this diffuse shrub. Literature indicates that no significant work has been done on this shrub other than its stems are used for developing housing element in rural India without any pre-treatment resulting non-durable structure. Hence in this present work an attempt has been made to prepare and study the mechanical and abrasive wear behaviour of Ipomoea carnea reinforced epoxy composite, with different concentration of particulates.
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Swain, Biswajit Kumar. „Mechanical, Tribological and Hydrophobic Properties Evaluation of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed NiTi Coating“. Thesis, 2022. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/10404/1/2022_PhD_BKSwain_516MM1011_Mechanical.pdf.
Annotation:
In the current investigation, the atmospheric plasma spray technique was implemented to develop a protective coating of NiTi alloy on the mild steel substrate using different primary gas flow rates and plasma arc currents. For this purpose, an elemental mixture of equiatomic Ni and Ti powder was considered as the feedstock material. After successful deposition, the coatings were characterized using various characterization methods. The physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the coatings were determined. Furthermore, the plasma spray process parameters were optimized using different optimization tools to achieve the best product. The physical and mechanical properties include the investigation of phase, microstructure, porosity, deposition efficiency, surface roughness, microhardness, adhesion strength, and correlation. The phase analysis revealed the presence of various phases in the coatings, such as NiTi-B2, Ni3Ti, Ti2Ni, Ni, Ti, NiO, TiO, and Ni4Ti3. From the microstructural analysis, various surface and interface defects such as surface microcracks, unmelted/partially melted particles, surface pores, splat fracture, interface porosity, inter-lamellar cracks, vertical cracks, inter-splat cracks, etc. were observed in the coatings developed at lower primary gas flow rates and plasma arc currents. Furthermore, the molten fraction of the powders, thermal pinching effect, enthalpy effect, and air diffusion into the plasma plume influenced the microhardness values of the plasma sprayed NiTi coating. The mechanical interlocking phenomenon of the coating is mainly responsible for the adhesion strength variation of the coatings. The adhesion strength analysis of the coatings depicted various failure modes such as adhesive failure, cohesive failure, mixed-mode failure, glue joint failure, etc. The tribological behavior of the NiTi plasma sprayed coatings was analyzed by the solid particle erosion test performed at two different erodent impingement angles, i.e., 45˚ and 90˚. The results revealed that with the increase in primary gas flow rate and plasma arc current, the erosion rate of the samples eroded with 90˚ erodent impingement angle increase due to the rise in brittle nature of the surface. The lack of edge strength and increase in stress concentration of the coatings having more porosity percentage lead to more damage by the erodents at both the angles of impingements. Furthermore, the surface area of the roughness peaks and the gap between the roughness peaks also influenced the erosion rate of the coatings. Again, due to the difficulty in penetration of the erodent in the surface of the coatings having a higher hardness, the erosion rate is less in those samples. Various wear mechanisms have been observed in the eroded samples, such as plastic deformation, ploughing, microcutting, lip formation, scratches, groove formation, splat fracture, splat fragmentation, splat delamination, pit formation, etc. To optimize the process parameters of the plasma spray coating, in the current work, two optimization techniques were considered. Initially, using the genetic algorithm technique, the process parameters were optimized, and then to validate the obtained result the fuzzy-TOPSIS technique was adopted. From the genetic algorithm, the obtained results revealed the optimized parameters as plasma arc current 550 A and primary gas flow rate as 45 lpm, and the fuzzy-TOPSIS technique also confirmed the same. Also, the primary gas flow rate was the major contributing factor proved by the ANOVA technique. The coating developed at optimized process parameters revealed the superhydrophobic characteristic ensured by the water contact angle 165º and sliding angles 8±10. The surface profile of the coating supports the theory. The coating loses its superhydrophobic characteristics after 90 passes of abrasion in sandpaper. Furthermore, from the annealing, it was observed that the coating retained its superhydrophobic characteristics up to 400 ˚C. The pH test disclosed the sensitiveness of the coatings in an acidic (pH=10) and basic (pH=2) environment. The dropwise evaporation analysis ensured the lower heat absorption of the coating. The coating also has interchanging characteristics in the presence of an electric field.
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Kumar, Sanjeet. „Development of ceramic coating on AZ91 alloy for tribological and biomedical applications“. Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7607.